How to describe nature using vivid images. Phenological observations. Literary reading lesson

Beautiful landscapes nature fills the human soul with delight, only this beauty is truly mesmerizing.

Mini-essay on the topic nature

Option 1. Unique and indescribably beautiful nature in autumn. Despite the fact that rain and fog are quite common, there are also clear, quiet days for a walk in the nearest forest. Sit down and admire golden robe of the forest, listen to the singing of birds, watch the birds fly away. Somewhere in the distance thunder roared. Drop by drop it began to rain. Hiding under a tree, he looked around. How beautiful it is all around I like autumn nature. The air is so fresh! I don't want to go home at all.

Option 2. Human and nature are closely related to each other. Nature creates all the conditions for human life, which is why it is so important to live in harmony with it. Beautiful landscapes of nature fill a person’s soul with delight, only this beauty is truly mesmerizing. Man's interest in nature is limitless; how many secrets and mysteries the forests and seas contain. There's a lot we don't know yet about nature. To enjoy the beauty of nature, you don’t need to travel far, just go to a park or forest. Nature is especially beautiful in the fall, when you want to sit on benches and absorb all its beauty and enjoy it. It is then that you feel how your soul is filled with new colors, how it is saturated with the beauty of the world around you. At these moments you realize how closely people are connected with nature.

If I were suddenly asked how to correctly describe nature in fics, especially fantasy ones, I would shrug my shoulders in bewilderment. But to the question of how you describe her, mother, I would answer - just like I’ll write below. Therefore, I do not take upon myself the importance of considering all possible options, I’ll only mention those that I use. We must immediately take into account that among us there are few Prishvins and Paustovskys, not to mention the Turgenevs with their hunting notes, and yet nature has no bad weather, but without nature the fic clearly loses something. Let's think about why: 1) Yes, because we are all children of nature and live in it, even if there is not a tree visible outside the window. After all, nature is everything: sky, sun and water, and our heroes always come into contact with them, their relatives. 2) Because describing nature is beautiful if you choose the right epithets and generally know how to look correctly at the world around us. 3) Because with words we are trying to create a picture in the reader’s mind’s eye, and in this picture, like in a photograph, there is always a background - and in most cases - this is nature. 4) Because in fics we try to reveal the feelings of the characters, and comparisons with nature help us better convey experiences. Just remember from literature lessons poor Prince Bolkonsky with his oak tree! 5) And so on and so forth... Each of us can write a certain number of points that are particularly significant for him personally. And this is good. This means that a description of nature is really necessary. Now I will move on to my understanding of the necessity of nature, namely where and when I include my descriptions. In order not to go too far from the application, I will immediately describe the need for descriptions of nature in fantasy. In this genre, we introduce the reader to a fictional world and, like a child, explain to him our fantasy by means of comparison with the reality around us. Like, our sky is blue, but theirs is purple-pink, as if at sunset. The picture clicked in my brain - the passage was a success. Or we describe a world that is very similar to the one in which we live, then with descriptions of nature we confirm this fact. In general, nature in fantasy is necessary to immerse the reader in a new, unknown world. So, from here we immediately deduce a point of a descriptive nature: 1) The description of nature creates a picture before the eyes, so it is important here not to spread your thoughts over the tree, but to immediately find the oak tree that is in the foreground in the picture. Sometimes it is enough to describe the color of the sky, the number of trees in the background and the condition of the grass in the area. this moment. Non-Prishvinsky reader from more detailed description gets tired. But a sophisticated reader can be killed right here by the richness of the language, which opens in the descriptive part of nature - the cobweb trembled like a thin shawl on the shoulders of a girl... Or better, like Yesenin - as if I rode on a pink horse in the echoing early spring... Where did it come from? pink horse, you ask? Yes, many critics at first thought that it was just for rhythm and rhyme, that is, a beautiful word, but it turned out that White horse at dawn it was truly pink, but only the observant eye of the poet caught it and put it into words. Therefore for good descriptions You need not only a rich language, but also observation skills - you can wander the streets and take pictures, or you can simply save your favorite nature photographs found on the Internet to an album, and then, like in school, write an essay from the picture. So, it’s time to put an end to it, because we can talk about pictures forever. 2) The second point is very close to me - I try to enhance the drama of the story with nature, that is, comparisons of two types are used: - nature suffers or rejoices along with the hero. Like, according to Rosenbaum, “nature became sad with the rains.” Here we describe the gloomy sky and gloomy face, rain running down the cheeks mixed with tears, and now the reader cries with the hero, because nature itself sympathizes with him. - nature doesn’t care, that is, the hero is crying, and the sunbeams are laughing in the yard. This is very appropriate when the heroes are not understood by the world - neither people nor nature care about them. And yet sometimes contrast also shows the depth of experience. Like, he should be jumping with sparrows through spring puddles right now, but he doesn’t even have the strength to lift his leg to step over this very puddle. 3) The point is reflective. The hero sits and looks at nature, like that same Prince Andrei. So I, too, have become crusty and tired of life - beautiful on top and rotten on the inside. Excellent - here is the scene of action and the state of the hero. Well, something like this. Perhaps not exactly what the author wanted, but I tried to write a drabbles. If someone likes it, I will be happy to develop each point. While this is the case, brainstorm on the topic of the application. Thanks everyone for reading! And good weather in your fics!

Lesson literary reading

Description of nature (verbal landscape). Epithet.

according to the program "Literary reading"

Learning Objectives:

· get acquainted with the visual means in a lyric poem;

· develop analytical skills lyric poem, understand the poet’s intention, find the author’s techniques for creating a verbal landscape;

· develop the ability to consciously, competently, expressively read a lyric poem.

Time spending : 2nd quarter.

Student age : 3rd grade.

Number of hours: 2 hours.

Textbook material: Grade 3, book 2, p. 50-51.

For creative work, you can use a portrait of the writer, as well as a small curriculum vitae about him.

TEACHER. Reading various works in textbooks and other books, you often came across descriptions of nature. Remember what wonderful authors (writers and poets) are masters of words landscape. Name the authors whose descriptions of nature you remember!

TEACHER. Let's clarify what a verbal landscape is. Express your version to your neighbor too. And then look at how the concept of “verbal landscape” is defined in Dictionary reader at the end of the textbook. Copy this definition into your notebook.

Scenery– a description of nature, i.e. a verbal depiction of any phenomenon of reality by listing its characteristic features.

(In this case, a more detailed definition of the concept is given than in the textbook “Literary Reading”. You can use it when working with children).

TEACHER. Today we will get acquainted with one of the poems of Ivan Alekseevich Bunin. Meet text of the poem. When you read the work, think about the mood with which the author describes nature.

A note appears on the board: With which mood does the author talk about autumn? Describe author's mood!

Leaf fall

The forest is like a painted tower,

Lilac, gold, crimson,

A cheerful, motley wall

Standing above a bright clearing.

Birch trees with yellow carving

Glisten in the blue azure,

Like towers, the fir trees are darkening,

And between the maples they turn blue

Clearances in the sky, like a window.

The forest smells of oak and pine,

Over the summer it dried out from the sun,

And autumn is a quiet widow

Today in an empty clearing,

Among the wide yard,

Air web fabric

They shine like a silver net.

Plays all day today

The last moth in the yard

And, like a white petal,

Freezes on the web,

Warmed by the warmth of the sun;

It's so light all around today,

Such dead silence

In the forest and in the blue heights,

What is possible in this silence

Hear the rustle of a leaf.

TEACHER. Do you think your mood changes often? Find those fragments of the poem in which you wanted change intonation while reading. Highlight these words and expressions in the text.

(Students take pencils and make highlights in the text according to the proposed task.)

*** Fragments of text in which a change of mood occurs are highlighted. They are indicated in the poem itself in blue. This is exactly how the 3rd grade students themselves suggest highlighting the lines.)

A COMMENT. The poet has an amazingly subtle sense of the state autumn nature. It creates a bright, accurate picture of golden autumn. At the beginning (in stanza 1) intonations sound admiration, sincere admiration this picture: there are so many colors here that you can’t take your eyes off!

Starting from stanza 2, the author writes out in detail every touch of autumn. He's watching autumn forest, and what his eyes see is captured in this stanza. The feeling of admiration for nature does not leave him here either. At the end of the stanza the poem sounds more calm, measured, peaceful , since the poet speaks of autumn fully entering its domain.

What is described in stanza 3 happens in the present tense. The hero, who turns out to be an eyewitness to the autumn “events” (you can name them!), enjoys the colors of the transforming forest and the sounds that autumn gives it. In this stanza the notes sound peace, bliss, tranquility .

Finally, stanza 4, which echoes stanza 1, brings the text into a loop. And again the poet with feeling admiration, even awe describes nature, conveys his internal state. He is enchanted by the autumn forest, he is numb from the beauty and multitude bright colors autumn.

TEACHER. In previous lessons you became acquainted with a new figurative means of language. (Students name the comparison, remember for what purpose the authors use this means to create an image). Find comparisons in this poem. Highlight them in the text. Read the lines you found.

(Students take pencils and make highlights in the text according to the proposed task. Then read out the fragments indicated in the text.)

The forest is like a painted tower,

Lilac, gold, crimson,

A cheerful, motley wall

Standing above a bright clearing.

Birch trees with yellow carving

Glisten in the blue azure,

Like towers, the fir trees are darkening,

And between the maples they turn blue

Here and there through the foliage

Clearances in the sky, like a window.

The forest smells of oak and pine,

Over the summer it dried out from the sun,

And autumn is a quiet widow

He enters his colorful mansion.

Today in an empty clearing,

Among the wide yard,

Air web fabric

They shine like a silver net.

Plays all day today

The last moth in the yard

And, like a white petal,

Freezes on the web,

Warmed by the warmth of the sun;

It's so light all around today,

Such dead silence

In the forest and in the blue heights,

What is possible in this silence

Hear the rustle of a leaf.

The forest is like a painted tower,
Lilac, gold, crimson,
Standing above a sunny meadow,
Fascinated by the silence...

A COMMENT. This poem masterfully uses similes to create an overshadowed landscape. Students gradually, step by step, find each comparison and explain: what object is being compared? On what basis is the comparison with another object made? For example: “The forest is like a painted tower...” In this phrase, it is no coincidence that the autumn forest is compared to a tower.

Terem- the upper residential tier of the mansion (ancient Russian large residential buildings), built above the entryway). The tower is the brightest, upper part of the house, which could be seen from afar. Therefore, the autumn forest is compared to a tower on the grounds that its beauty catches the eye of a person. The autumn forest at the time of golden autumn, with all its colors, is truly a royal spectacle. They admire and admire it, like a mansion.

Students must explain the nature of the similarity of these objects, and in dialogue clarify what is not entirely clear after the first reading.

TEACHER. Now find the brightest ones in stanza 1 definitions-signs , with the help of which the author describes autumn forest. Highlight them. Be sure to check yourself, consulting with the guys and the teacher.

A note appears on the board: Find in stanza 1 definitions-signs . For what purpose does the poet use them in the poem?

The forest is definitely towering painted,

Lilac, gold, crimson,

Cheerful, colorful wall

Standing above a bright clearing.

A COMMENT. Words painted, lilac, gold, crimson, cheerful, motley- these are the signs that create a vivid image autumn forest. Such definitions give the poem liveliness, emotionality, and expressiveness.

In the student's speech primary school adjectives are actively included, so turning to a new figurative means of language is epithet, highlighting it in the text, the ability to admire an accurate, successfully found word becomes relevant and significant in the development of the emotional-speech sphere of the reader’s personality.

TEACHER. Why do we tower painted? Try to give your answer. (Students offer their versions. Then discuss them.)

Listen to the answer another 3rd grade student gave to this question. Discuss it with the guys in the group! Do you agree with the student's opinion?

(Students discuss the student's answer: provide evidence for their discussions.)

TEACHER. Now explain how you understand the meaning of each definition. To check yourself, consult an explanatory dictionary.

What does "lilac" mean?

What does "crimson" mean?

What does the word "golden" mean?

Which question is answered by all three words: painted, purple, crimson?

(Students explain the meaning of words and answer questions.)

*** Painted - painted with a brush, painting, paints; motley.

Lilac – light purple, lilac; a mixture of colors of pink and blue, bluish, scarlet blue.

Crimson – crimson, red.

TEACHER. In this poem, Ivan Alekseevich Bunin used a special figurative means - artistic definition (epithet). And the students of one third grade came up with a model that reflects the characteristics of an epithet. Are they right? Consider Epithet model and look into Reader's dictionary.

*** Students express their opinions, transform the model, and can create their own. But it’s better to do this first, before showing this model.

TEACHER. You have become acquainted with a new visual medium - epithet. It helps authors create images of nature. Each of you will now, I hope, be able to create your own texts in which you will talk about nature and your relationship to it. What is an epithet? Give your definition. Write it down in your notebook.

An epithet is an artistic, colorful definition that gives the text liveliness, emotionality, and expressiveness.

Visual means are means of language based on special techniques of using words that help the author create images in works.

A lyric poem is a work that depicts the state of mind and the hero’s experiences, acquiring the characteristics of an artistic image.

TEACHER. I think it's time for each of you to try to write creative work! Fill in the blanks in the story. Write down the words that express your (the author's) attitude to the events. Read your essay in class and discuss it with the guys.

A very____________________ story

It’s the third day that it’s ________________ raining outside. It’s as if he __________________, that at night_______________________, and by night_______________ even more. ______________________nonstop.

On the first day, when _____________________umbrellas appeared on the street, from the window it seemed that the street was _____________________. There was _______________ and ______________ mood. And everyone’s faces were such that you would immediately think: “___________________________.” And ___________________rain ___________________. And now on the street___________________, as during_____________________. And ___________________the rain is knocking and________________.

TEACHER. Which visual arts helped you complete this text? Give examples and explain your point of view.

Additional material for lessons on this topic

TEACHER. You know the wonderful poem about autumn “Falling Leaves”. In it, the author created a bright, unforgettable image of this time of year. I suggest turning to works of other types of art. These are picturesque paintings by artists that represent images of autumn nature. Look at them carefully!

3. Text about the genre of painting

Images in painting

Plein air(translated from French as “open air”) are natural landscapes created directly in nature. Planner allows you to track changes environment V different time days, depending on the weather, light, time of year and find new artistic means of expressing various states of nature.

June-Hleborost. At the beginning of summer, nature awakened and now its active growth begins, which is why the month is called “Grain Growing”. The rye is earing, the gardens are filled with wildly blooming greenery. The sun rises high above the sky and begins to heat even more, the day becomes long, and the evening becomes long and warm.

June: warmth envelops the earth

Description of the nature of summer at its very best early, in June(I - II week).
Summer has come. June. Nature blooms and ripens in summer, the gardens are full of greenery, the meadows are covered with a wide trail of green grass. Heavy cumulus clouds slowly soar in the sky, like huge ships. And although the month of May at the end indulged in warm and summer-like days, the first June days often cool, sometimes rainy. There is no need to be upset, because the prolonged cloudy weather at the beginning of the month will not last long. A dry anticyclone will bring warm winds, and the sun high in the sky will provide warm and hot weather. In June, the air temperature is moderate without sudden changes and averages +15 +17° C.

Summer takes time to heat up. There are still long hot, sultry and simply warm pleasant days ahead, when the sun wakes up early and sets very slowly, allowing you to walk around to your heart's content before plunging into twilight. And now the sun is starting to get hot, hot days are coming. The greenery is in full bloom, providing edible herbs. The sky is blue and clear, with fluffy clouds floating across it from time to time. The warm air exudes the aroma of flowering.

And, suddenly, unexpectedly, it’s hot summer sun replaced by looming clouds. The sky is rapidly darkening. After all, just now there was sun, and now it has been swallowed up by a menacing darkness, advancing like a front, covering all living things in darkness. Nature is on guard, the birds are quiet, only strong gusts of wind, getting stronger each time, are ready to tear branches from the tops of trees in their path.

Thunder strikes in the first volleys, and immediately, like water from a bucket, a downpour charges. The sky is not visible, only the reflections of lightning alternate with crackling sounds of thunder. The storm subsides as suddenly as it began. The sky brightens, flashes of lightning become less frequent, and the rumbles of thunder recede. The first rays of the sun are peeking through, brightly reflected in the puddles. And life again summer forest comes to life, birds chirp joyfully, animals come out of hiding. Meanwhile, in the forest, in the most hidden dark places, the first mushrooms appear.

The beginning of summer in the folk calendar

"The swallow begins the morning, and the nightingale ends the evening"

At the very onset of summer, since ancient times in Rus', a unique ritual “baptism of the cuckoo” was performed. After the complete departure of winter, cold winds and bad weather, it was necessary to appease summer nature with new plant forces, good weather and a noble harvest. IN ancient Rus' The description of summer from the first days was like this. Early in the morning on the first Sunday of summer, Russian girls went into the forest to find orchis grass - they called it cuckoo tears, and then picked it and took it to the hut to sew outfits, each for their own cuckoo. Then the cuckoos were cuddled, meeting each other, people hugged and kissed. After all, having become related to each other, becoming closer, together they brought the bounty of summer closer to themselves.

Bread comes up in June; it’s not for nothing that the month of June was called “grain growing.” Throughout the first ten days of the month, active sowing took place in the fields, starting with the days of Falaley-Borage and Olena, June 2 and 3, from the name of which it is clear that on these days cucumbers, flax, late wheat, as well as barley and buckwheat were planted. On June 7, aphids appeared, feeding on plant juices and secreting honeydew. By June 11, ears of bread were already sprouting on Fedosya-Chariot, and by this time beans were being planted. From the earliest dawn until late sunset, people worked in the fields in order to be in time before the end of sowing, which fell in the second half of June on the day of the equinox.

Summer in Russian poetry

Summer... One of the most amazing, beautiful and vibrant times of the year. Summer nature is special and impressive. Everyone associates summer with something different: sounds, smells, sensations. These are lush meadow grasses, the aroma of wildflowers and even dusk, coolness spruce forest. All the natural splendor of summer is reflected in the works of famous Russian poets. They dedicated wonderful time a huge number of romantic, exciting lines.

A real hymn to awakening nature is Sergei Yesenin’s ode to a summer morning. Its summers are warm, washed with silvery dew, charming in their calm. This delightful natural idyll is scattered every day with the onset of day into fragments of everyday worries, only to be reborn the next morning.

The golden stars dozed off,
The mirror of the backwater trembled,
The light is dawning on the river backwaters
And blushes the sky grid.

The sleepy birch trees smiled,
Silk braids were disheveled.
Green earrings rustle
And the silver dews burn.

The fence is overgrown with nettles
Dressed in bright mother of pearl
And, swaying, whispers playfully:
"Good morning!"

Afanasy Fet in his work deeply describes nature in the summer, in particular, the lines of the poem “I came to you with greetings...” evoke an association with the maturity of feelings and relationships. The allegorical nature of the lines conveys the special poignancy of life and semantic fullness through romantic feelings, lightness of being and an aura of carelessness.

I came to you with greetings,
Tell me that the sun has risen
What is it with hot light
The sheets began to flutter;

Tell me that the forest has woken up,
All woke up, every branch,
Every bird was startled
AND spring is full thirst;

Tell me that with the same passion,
Like yesterday, I came again,
That the soul is still the same happiness
And I’m ready to serve you;

Tell me that from everywhere
It blows over me with joy,
That I don’t know myself that I will
Sing - but only the song is ripening.

Summer can be different. Everyone sees it in their own way, sometimes experiencing mixed and contradictory, but invariably strong feelings.

June: the sun is turning

Description summer nature June (III - IV week).
Lilacs continue to bloom, the smell of fresh grass spreads throughout the districts. Summer nature fills the air with herbal incense. Now the poplar has already dissolved the fluff in its seeds, just to wait for the light gusts of wind that carry new life around the area. In the forest, in the stands and ponds, the smell of spices spreads, no longer floral, but sweet herbal.

The greens are ripening with all their might, and the strawberries have already sprouted by the end of the month. And the blueberries are already keeping up with them, just have time to pick them. In the morning hours you can hear the cry of swallows, during the day frogs croak in ponds, and the evening ends with the lullaby of a nightingale. This time describes summer nature as the most fertile warm time of the year for working in the fields, evening walks and night gatherings around the fire.

A white blizzard sweeps through the park alleys with a light wind. poplar fluff, a kind of winter in fluffy warm snow. The clearings are covered with the white heads of a horde of dandelions, as if hundreds of little astronauts have landed on earth. Any moment now the wind, swaying the dandelions from side to side, will pick the seeds in the parachutes and carry them away. The squeak of chicks can be heard coming from the treetops; the parents barely have time to feed the voracious maturing chicks. The young grow quickly; before you even notice, they will jump out of the nest and fly off once or twice.

The second half of the month in the folk calendar

“The sun from Peter’s turn softens the course, the month is coming for profit”

The most flowers bloom in June different plants, medicinal herbs, Ivan da Marya rises, at every step there are plantains and buttercups, Ivan Chai is smoothed by the warm winds. Forest edges scatter in juicy spots of berries. In the forest you can pick up a lot of ripe strawberries, and a little later on the higher bushes the wild strawberries will turn red.

The day of June 25th is coming - the solstice point. From this time on, the sun turns towards shorter days. Now in the mornings, cold dew covers the grass low above the ground. This natural water can be drunk because it is very clean, collected from settled air vapor; summer dew does not contain salt deposits. At the end of June, on the 29th, Tikhon arrives, and, indeed, the sun shortens its course, yes, and the birds subside. The sun slowly, with unhurried steps, hovers in the sky. Only in the shadow of the shelter deciduous trees there is salvation from the incandescent rays growing in power. Summer turns into hot July.

Summer in Russian painting

Russian artists convey the picture of the summer landscape in a very colorful and varied way. Here you can see majestic green trees, an eared field, and an extraordinary turquoise sky with light, delicate white clouds.

(Painting by B.V. Shcherbakov “June in the Moscow Region”)

The description of summer nature is unusually colorfully presented in the painting by B.V. Shcherbakov “June in the Moscow Region,” which depicts the real greenery of the forest. From the front right corner into the depths of the picture, meandering along the laid bed, lies the smooth surface of the river. On both sides there are powerful trees, it looks like they are pine trees mixed with deciduous trees. On the right, almost by the river, a slender birch tree stands alone. In the foreground on the left are stacks of harvested hay. The top part of the picture is occupied by clear sky, in which only fluffy white clouds are visible.

Essay - description

Nature is the material world of the Universe; in essence, it is the main object of study of science. In everyday life, the word “nature” is often used to mean habitat habitat (everything that is not created by man).
A corner of nature can be found everywhere: on the street, at home, at school, at work in the form of simple pots of flowers or flowers in a vase that people give to please those to whom they present them. But I have a difficult, but let’s say not the worst, task ahead of me - to describe something so beautiful, charmingly fragile, perfect in its beauty, creative, so that the description of “this” does not bore those reading my essay and, of course, is assessed positively. At the very beginning of my thoughts, I thought to describe the nature of my beloved city of Almaty. Trees that give the city life in summer blooming species, despite the clutter and a large number of cars spoiling the air. In autumn, the leaves are painted in different tones of yellow, red, green, but in winter this variety of colors fades and snow appears on the branches, which shelters them from the cold and wet wind. In the spring we feel the pleasant smell of blooming lilacs, apples, apricots, which subsequently take on appetizing forms and we want to pick, but we are afraid that a neighbor of retirement age will come out and drive away, with the experience of a soldier driving the enemy away from the battlefield, behind her, and such a desired piece of free happiness turns into “quickly hide and rip.”
And yet, my thoughts have come to such a pressing solution to the problem, which I hope no one has ever come up with before me! (At this point you need to giggle, rubbing your palms together, at the genius and greatness of my imagination) I decided to describe a flower that grows on high limestone mountains and about which legends were made by those who knew how to do it. This flower for me is the most incomprehensible combination of tenderness, vulnerability, beauty, intertwined with a thirst for life, perseverance and determination. I think everyone knows the legend of Edelweiss, scientists call it Leontopodium, which means lion's paw. It has become a symbol of hardship and good luck. Imagine a steep limestone mountain, and somewhere in the depths of the rocks hides this fragile flower, only 15-25 cm long. Its petals seem to be covered with frost, which surround the inflorescence in the form of a star. It is not at all large in size, it seemed unremarkable, but there is so much mystery and mystery in it that fascinates and makes one marvel at such perfect beauty. A peaceful, beautiful sight, as rare as it is unusual, and it is found in special places where harmony reigns