How can you describe nature in beautiful words? Description of nature - essay. Beautiful, fabulous description of nature in winter

The ability to correctly express your thoughts largely determines how others will understand you. It is for this reason that Russian is one of the main subjects school curriculum. It begins with penmanship in the first grade and is taught throughout the entire period of study. For many, it is quite problematic to learn to write without errors - this is evidenced by a person’s speech culture, the way he expresses himself and speaks. Some teachers believe that the ability to speak correctly largely determines an individual’s literacy and his ability to express his thoughts. It is for this reason that the educational program is aimed not at memorizing the rules of the Russian language, but at developing the ability to construct one’s reasoning stylistically correctly. To this end, the school carries out a large amount of work aimed at description. Their examples are quite simple: or, say, about how a child spent his holidays.

Such tasks allow the student to develop the ability to correctly select the right words and, as a result, express themselves competently.

What is a description

A description is any passage of text or saying that reveals the meaning of what was seen or heard. In fact, the same description of nature comes down to the verbal transfer of what he saw onto paper. As a rule, a person encounters this type of text for the first time at school during Russian language lessons. Modern educational programs are structured in such a way that junior high school students, namely fifth and sixth grades, write essays that require, for example, a description of flowers or a person. In fact, there is nothing complicated or unusual in such a task, but the child may have certain difficulties due to the fact that he has never described something in a coherent text before.

Types of description

In general, all descriptions can be divided into two large groups: living and nonliving. The first type includes people, animals, plants, nature, in a word, everything that can be considered animate. The second type is also quite common: this includes descriptions of the city, seasons, things, equipment. Despite this division, the methods of storytelling may overlap, since the essays must necessarily contain some literary presentation, which involves the use of means of artistic expression. Of course, this comes with time, and the first essays will not at all look like perfectly written texts. But with the proper level of reading of a child, over time he will learn to use suitable words to describe anything, be it a description of nature or a person.

Description plan

Despite the fact that during lessons the teacher is obliged to give students the plan according to which the description should be made, examples of such work may be different. Let's try to consider a certain universal way of writing such essays. First, you need to highlight for yourself the main points on which the structure of the work will be built, namely the introduction, the main part, conclusion or conclusion.

It is important to note that such works are missing. This is logical, because it is difficult to highlight it if the task is, for example, to describe a city. Each part has its own size. The introduction is short, a couple of general sentences that set the tone for the entire essay. The main part is more detailed; the main points will be here. Conclusion is general impression from the described object. In the introduction, it should be said about how the object was created - if it is a painting, then by whom and when it was painted, if it is a building, then who is its architect. The main part will be discussed below, and in the conclusion, as a rule, they write about whether they liked or did not like the object and why.

How to Express Your Thoughts

When writing such a work, it is very important how the author will lead the narrative. One of the most successful methods of description is the selection of the most striking details and their detailed analysis. There is another way, which consists in a general overview of all available parts. Here it is very important to guess if, for example, the Artist could have made a certain emphasis that needs to be caught. In this case, the description will be vivid. Still very important point is that it is necessary to accurately select expressions so that the reader of the work can clearly imagine the object being described. Of course, such skill is inherent only to talented writers, but with hard work you can achieve good results.

Description at school

The most pressing issue is school descriptions, since this is where the first difficulties are discovered. In general, only certain types of work are used in tasks, after analyzing which you can successfully cope with any task. The second part of the article will be devoted to how to do this. As a rule, description tasks are based on various paintings by famous artists.

Surely artistic description nature is what every student first encounters. There is no need to be afraid of this, because there is a certain plan, following which you can cope with the task without much difficulty. So, there is a task that requires you to complete a description. Let's look at examples below.

Description of the landscape

First, you need to strictly follow the plan presented above. We are interested in the main part, since it causes the largest number questions. There is a rule: when describing any picture, you should move in one direction. What does it mean? It's quite simple. If there is a landscape, then it is necessary to describe objects, for example, from top to bottom or vice versa. This will allow you not to forget a single detail and get a holistic idea of ​​the picture. Further, when moving, you need to select any object and describe its position in the overall composition, not forgetting to use expressions, as this will make the presentation more literary.

Also important is how the author named his painting. From this we can conclude what you should pay special attention to. If, for example, he named the painting “Summer,” this means that he should pay attention to all the attributes of this time of year and try to find them on the canvas. In this case, the description of summer will be quite successful. For example, a description of such a painting may briefly look like this: “In the painting by artist N, we see a picturesque landscape captured in the hot summer. The sun is at its zenith, so we can conclude that it is noon. The weather is calm, there is no wind , do not move. The bright colors on the field emphasize that now is June - the juiciest time," and so on.

Description of people

The second most popular task can be considered the description of various portraits. In essence, it is not much different from any other type, but the principle here is slightly different. If you need to make an example, you can consider it in any work of classical literature. A professional author easily “goes through” appearance hero, examining his clothes, face and focusing on some distinctive features, which brings the story to life. This technique will look very advantageous in any work. But it is necessary to have a sense of proportion, namely, not to focus on one detail. The very essence of the description is to most accurately convey the main features of the object in the shortest possible time.

Description of plants

The favorite theme of many artists is the depiction of plants, which is why they often have to face the problem of describing them. Here you should pay attention to the fact that, as a rule, such objects are small in size, so the author of the picture focuses on the details.

Description of colors can serve a prime example. If the picture is a still life, then you will have to try to notice all the features that the artist conveyed. Dew drops, broken stamens or petals irregular shape- all these are important details that convey the mood of the picture, and, therefore, they should be reflected in the description. In general, there are no fundamental differences. The only thing you should pay attention to is the paints. The color of a plant can play a rather significant role, so it is necessary to turn to materials that reveal the meaning of color symbols.

Other descriptions

In addition to the notorious pictures, another type of task can be a description of the holidays. Probably everyone wrote about how he spent them, certainly including a description of the summer in his story. Here it is worth paying attention to some general details that are associated with this or that time of year, something that anyone can easily imagine. Then the work will look very advantageous.

Conclusion

Of course, you can give a lot of advice on how to write a description. Examples will not be superfluous, but they may turn out to be very important when writing any work. Its presence in most cases can significantly help, even if a person does not have the information. Borrowing other people's thoughts can dull the writing talent that everyone has. And this, in turn, is fraught with the fact that in high school or during exams it will be difficult for the student to concentrate and correctly express his thoughts. If a child is independently able to complete a description of a particular object, it means that he not only knows how to correctly express his thoughts, but does it confidently and quickly. Undoubtedly, this needs to be learned, and only practice will be useful here. Knowing the Russian language is the duty of every citizen of Russia.

How to describe nature like the classics?

Written on this topic teaching aids, monographs, articles that provide examples, talk in detail about linguistic means, techniques, ways of depicting nature in literature, but the authors continue to ask the question. Why? Because in practice it is not so easy to understand, but HOW does it all work?

In my opinion, a “step-by-step” comparison can help, which I will resort to in my article.

I’ll say right away that writers, like artists, can be portrait painters, battle painters, landscape painters, among landscape painters - marine painters, etc. Conditionally, of course.

Perhaps you are good at battle scenes, then you shouldn’t get hung up on landscape descriptions; you can get by with precise and understandable characteristics: “the sky darkened,” “it started to rain,” “sunny morning,” etc. With a few strokes indicate the time of year, time of day, place of action, weather and follow their changes as the story progresses. As a rule, this is enough for the reader to understand what is happening, where and under what circumstances.

If you want the landscape to be not just a background, but a “talking” background, a special character in the work (perhaps the main one), which can play a special role and occupy a special place in the plot, then, of course, you need to learn from the classics.

I want to offer you a research game, you will understand the principle and then you can do a step-by-step comparison yourself.

So, before us are three small excerpts from the stories of famous landscape writers - Turgenev, Prishvin, Paustovsky.

The passages have three important things in common:

1. The story is told from the 1st person.

2. The same theme: the autumn morning begins.

3. All or some attributes of autumn: features of light, sky, leaf fall, breeze, birds.

Let's just read them carefully for now. As you read, you can note something special, in your opinion, about each author.

№ 1

I was sitting in a birch grove in the fall, around mid-September. From the very morning there was a light rain, replaced at times by warm sunshine; the weather was changeable. The sky was either covered with loose white clouds, then suddenly cleared in places for a moment, and then, from behind the parted clouds, azure appeared, clear and gentle, like a beautiful eye. I sat and looked around and listened. The leaves rustled slightly above my head; by their noise alone one could find out what time of year it was then. It was not the cheerful, laughing trembling of spring, not the soft whispering, not the long talk of summer, not the timid and cold babbling late autumn, but barely audible, drowsy chatter. A weak wind pulled slightly over the tops. The interior of the grove, wet from the rain, was constantly changing, depending on whether the sun was shining or covered by a cloud; She then lit up all over, as if suddenly everything in her smiled: the thin trunks of the not too common birch trees suddenly took on a delicate glow of white silk, the small leaves lying on the ground suddenly dazzled and lit up with red gold, and the beautiful stems of tall curly ferns, already painted in their autumn color , like the color of overripe grapes, they showed through, endlessly getting confused and intersecting before our eyes; then suddenly everything around turned slightly blue again: the bright colors instantly faded, the birches stood all white, without shine, white, like freshly fallen snow, which had not yet been touched by the coldly playing ray of the winter sun; and stealthily, slyly, the smallest rain began to sow and whisper through the forest. The foliage on the birches was still almost all green, although noticeably paler; only here and there stood one, young, all red or all gold, and you had to see how she flashed brightly in the sun when its rays suddenly broke through, sliding and mottled, through the dense network of thin branches, just washed away by the sparkling rain. Not a single bird was heard: everyone took refuge and fell silent; only occasionally did the mocking voice of a tit ring like a steel bell.

№ 2

Leaf after leaf falls from the linden tree onto the roof, some leaves like a parachute, some like a moth, some like a cog. Meanwhile, little by little the day opens its eyes, and the wind from the roof lifts all the leaves, and they fly to the river somewhere along with migratory birds. Here you stand on the shore, alone, put your palm to your heart, and with your soul, along with the birds and leaves, you fly somewhere. And it feels so sad, and so good, and you whisper quietly: “Fly, fly!”

The day takes so long to wake up that by the time the sun comes out, it’s already lunchtime. We rejoice in good things warm day, but we are no longer waiting for the flying cobweb Indian summer: everyone has scattered, and the cranes are about to fly, and there are geese, rooks - and it’s all over.

№ 3

I woke up to a gray morning. The room was filled with an even yellow light, as if from a kerosene lamp. The light came from below, from the window, and illuminated the log ceiling most brightly.

The strange light - dim and motionless - was unlike the sun. It was shining autumn leaves. During the windy and long night, the garden shed its dry leaves; they lay in noisy heaps on the ground and spread a dim glow. From this radiance, people’s faces seemed tanned, and the pages of the books on the table seemed to be covered with a layer of wax.

This is how autumn began. For me it came immediately this morning. Until then, I hardly noticed it: there was still no smell of rotten leaves in the garden, the water in the lakes did not turn green, and the burning frost did not yet lie on the plank roof in the morning.

Autumn came suddenly. This is how a feeling of happiness comes from the most unnoticeable things - from a distant steamship whistle on the Oka River or from a random smile.

Autumn came by surprise and took over the earth - gardens and rivers, forests and air, fields and birds. Everything immediately became autumn.

Every morning in the garden, as if on an island, they gathered migratory birds. There was a commotion in the branches accompanied by whistling, screaming and croaking. Only during the day was it quiet in the garden: restless birds were flying south.

The leaves have begun to fall. Leaves fell day and night. They either flew obliquely in the wind, or lay vertically in the damp grass. The forests were drizzling with rain of flying leaves. This rain continued for weeks. Only towards the end of September the copses were exposed, and through the thicket of trees the blue distance of the compressed fields became visible.

Surely you noticed interesting comparisons, bright epithets, something else...

Please note that although the descriptions are given in the 1st person, the narrators fulfill the task assigned to them. Let's compare:

This is a good technique, not only to understand from which person you need to write, but also to set the author’s task for the narrator in order to convey the idea.

For some reason, many people believe that in the description of nature there is no special idea, other than the transfer of nature itself, but our example shows that it not only exists, but should be, which distinguishes one text from another.

Epithets, comparisons, etc. are required. There is a widespread opinion that the autumn landscape and its colors should be conveyed by “color” epithets, imitating Pushkin’s “forests dressed in crimson and gold.”

What about the classics? And this is what they have:

How so? In Paustovsky, colors do not play a special role at all, although color is included in the title. Prishvin doesn’t have them at all. Even in Turgenev, where the hero is a contemplator and must convey all the beauty, color is mentioned only ten times, and out of ten - four times white, two times the color conveys an action, one is expressed as a noun, two are very conventional, and only “red” does not cause any doubts.

At the same time, the reader clearly both feels and “sees” all the colors of autumn.

Each classic has its own technique.

Turgenev loves “end-to-end” indirect and direct comparisons:

● “...from behind the parted clouds, azure appeared, clear and gentle, like a beautiful eye.”

● “...thin trunks of not very frequent birch trees suddenly took on a delicate glow of white silk...”

● “...the beautiful stems of tall curly ferns, already painted in their autumn color, similar to the color of overripe grapes, showed through, endlessly tangling and intersecting before our eyes...”

In Paustovsky, direct comparisons often bring the object closer to the subject, that is, the attribute of autumn to the attributes of human life:

● “The room was filled with an even yellow light, as if from a kerosene lamp.”

● “This radiance made people’s faces seem tanned, and the pages of the books on the table seemed to be covered with a layer of wax.”

However, for Paustovsky it is more important to show the suddenness of what is happening, the unexpected happiness of the autumn space, as a new horizon for man.

Prishvin chooses a certain “center,” “core,” around which the picture of an autumn morning takes shape. In this passage it is “flight.” Words of the same root sound nine times, not being a tautology at all, but drawing, creating a pattern of autumn fast time.

Let's look at other, familiar to everyone, autumn attributes of the classics. You will see that the above techniques are repeated here.

The classics see the same thing that all people see in autumn, they necessarily take this general (even standard) one, but convey it in their own way.

You can, of course, not use the general, but then be prepared for the fact that not all readers will perceive your autumn, if they recognize it at all.

However, if everything was limited to only this, you and I would not recognize the author by style.

Style is made by special features (there may be several of them), which are repeated from story to story, loved by the authors, filled with a special meaning - this is already talent.

For Paustovsky, these are constructions with “not”; you yourself can count how many particles and prefixes “not” are in the text: “The strange light - dim and motionless - was unlike the sun.”

More oxymorons: “burning frost.”

And, of course, contrasts: falling leaves / rain, the arrival of autumn / unexpected happiness, etc.

For Prishvin, this is an internal dialogue, a fusion of nature and man: “... you put your palm to your heart and with your soul you fly somewhere along with the birds and leaves.”

“Talking” details, personifications: “a flying web of summer”, “the day opens its eyes”, a leaf “flies like a parachute”...

Turgenev uses the “matryoshka” technique, when images are layered and create a picture:

1) The foliage is still green… → 2) somewhere it has turned pale… → 3) one of them is an autumn tree… → 4) it is this one that flares up from the ray… etc.

Turgenev also often uses the “shifter” technique unpredictably, but accurately.

Here this is expressed by a comparison: “...the birches stood all white, without shine, white, like freshly fallen snow, which had not yet been touched by the coldly playing ray of the winter sun...”

And here, in an aptly found word: “The foliage on the birches was still almost all green, although it had noticeably turned pale; only here and there stood alone, young, all red or all gold, and you had to see how it flashed brightly in the sun...” - many would say this about a spring birch tree, but here about an autumn one - young, shining.

So, let's summarize:

1. If you need nature only as a background, use a few strokes to indicate the time of year, time of day, place of action, weather conditions and monitor their changes as the story progresses.

2. It is important not only to understand from which person nature should be written, but also to set the author’s task before the narrator in order to convey only his idea.

3. It is important to know the attributes, a general idea of ​​autumn, but convey them using observation methods, associations, language means, filling the images with your vision and meaning.

4. It helps to choose a “center”, a “core” around which the picture of nature unfolds.

5. Nothing human is alien to anything or anyone—to the landscape either. Do not be afraid of man in describing nature.

6. Look for your chips, don’t forget about them, immediately write down words and phrases that suddenly came to mind while you were walking in the forest.

7. Read, you can’t do without it!

Of course, there are a great many techniques and ways to convey nature in a work. We have only looked at three passages. The ability to see a beautiful comparison, epithet, personification in a book, to appreciate it, to admire it is good, but not enough. It is also important to learn to compare, explore and, on this basis, look for your own. Good luck.

© Almond 2015

June-Hleborost. At the beginning of summer, nature awakened and now its active growth begins, which is why the month is called “Grain Growing”. The rye is earing, the gardens are filled with wildly blooming greenery. The sun rises high above the sky and begins to heat even more, the day becomes long, and the evening becomes long and warm.

June: warmth envelops the earth

Description of the nature of summer at its very beginning, in June (I - II week).
Summer has come. June. Nature blooms and ripens in summer, the gardens are full of greenery, the meadows are covered with a wide trail of green grass. Heavy cumulus clouds slowly soar in the sky, like huge ships. And although the month of May at the end indulged in warm and summer-like days, the first June days often cool, sometimes rainy. There is no need to be upset, because the prolonged cloudy weather at the beginning of the month will not last long. A dry anticyclone will bring warm winds, and the sun high in the sky will provide warm and hot weather. In June, the air temperature is moderate without sudden changes and averages +15 +17° C.

Summer takes time to heat up. There are still long hot, sultry and simply warm pleasant days ahead, when the sun wakes up early and sets very slowly, allowing you to walk around to your heart's content before plunging into twilight. And now the sun is starting to get hot, hot days are coming. The greenery is in full bloom, providing edible herbs. The sky is blue and clear, with fluffy clouds floating across it from time to time. The warm air exudes the aroma of flowering.

And, suddenly, unexpectedly, the hot summer sun is replaced by looming clouds. The sky is rapidly darkening. After all, just now there was sun, and now it has been swallowed up by a menacing darkness, advancing like a front, covering all living things in darkness. Nature is on guard, the birds are quiet, only strong gusts of wind, getting stronger each time, are ready to tear branches from the tops of trees in their path.

Thunder strikes in the first volleys, and immediately, like water from a bucket, a downpour charges. The sky is not visible, only the reflections of lightning alternate with crackling sounds of thunder. The storm subsides as suddenly as it began. The sky brightens, flashes of lightning become less frequent, and the rumbles of thunder recede. The first rays of the sun are peeking through, brightly reflected in the puddles. And again the life of the summer forest comes to life, birds chirp joyfully, animals come out of hiding. Meanwhile, in the forest, in the most hidden dark places, the first mushrooms appear.

The beginning of summer in the folk calendar

"The swallow begins the morning, and the nightingale ends the evening"

At the very onset of summer, since ancient times in Rus', a unique ritual “baptism of the cuckoo” was performed. After the complete departure of winter, cold winds and bad weather, it was necessary to appease summer nature with new plant forces, good weather and a noble harvest. IN ancient Rus' The description of summer from the first days was like this. Early in the morning on the first Sunday of summer, Russian girls went into the forest to find orchis grass - they called it cuckoo tears, and then picked it and took it to the hut to sew outfits, each for their own cuckoo. Then the cuckoos were cuddled, meeting each other, people hugged and kissed. After all, having become related to each other, becoming closer, together they brought the bounty of summer closer to themselves.

Bread comes up in June; it’s not for nothing that the month of June was called “grain growing.” Throughout the first ten days of the month, active sowing took place in the fields, starting with the days of Falaley-Borage and Olena, June 2 and 3, from the name of which it is clear that on these days cucumbers, flax, late wheat, as well as barley and buckwheat were planted. On June 7, aphids appeared, feeding on plant juices and secreting honeydew. By June 11, ears of bread were already sprouting on Fedosya-Chariot, and by this time beans were being planted. From the earliest dawn until late sunset, people worked in the fields in order to be in time before the end of sowing, which fell in the second half of June on the day of the equinox.

Summer in Russian poetry

Summer... One of the most amazing, beautiful and vibrant times of the year. Summer nature is special and impressive. Everyone associates summer with something different: sounds, smells, sensations. These are lush meadow grasses, the aroma of wildflowers and even the darkness and coolness of the spruce forest. All the natural splendor of summer is reflected in the works of famous Russian poets. They dedicated a huge number of romantic, exciting lines to this wonderful time.

A real hymn to awakening nature is Sergei Yesenin’s ode to a summer morning. Its summers are warm, washed with silvery dew, charming in their calm. This delightful natural idyll is scattered every day with the onset of day into fragments of everyday worries, only to be reborn the next morning.

The golden stars dozed off,
The mirror of the backwater trembled,
The light is dawning on the river backwaters
And blushes the sky grid.

The sleepy birch trees smiled,
Silk braids were disheveled.
Green earrings rustle
And the silver dews burn.

The fence is overgrown with nettles
Dressed in bright mother of pearl
And, swaying, whispers playfully:
"Good morning!"

Afanasy Fet in his work deeply describes nature in the summer, in particular, the lines of the poem “I came to you with greetings...” evoke an association with the maturity of feelings and relationships. The allegorical nature of the lines conveys the special poignancy of life and semantic fullness through romantic feelings, lightness of being and an aura of carelessness.

I came to you with greetings,
Tell me that the sun has risen
What is it with hot light
The sheets began to flutter;

Tell me that the forest has woken up,
All woke up, every branch,
Every bird was startled
AND spring is full thirst;

Tell me that with the same passion,
Like yesterday, I came again,
That the soul is still the same happiness
And I’m ready to serve you;

Tell me that from everywhere
It blows over me with joy,
That I don’t know myself that I will
Sing - but only the song is ripening.

Summer can be different. Everyone sees it in their own way, sometimes experiencing mixed and contradictory, but invariably strong feelings.

June: the sun is turning

Description summer nature June (III - IV week).
Lilacs continue to bloom, the smell of fresh grass spreads throughout the districts. Summer nature fills the air with herbal incense. Now the poplar has already dissolved the fluff in its seeds, just to wait for the light gusts of wind that carry new life around the area. In the forest, in the stands and ponds, the smell of spices spreads, no longer floral, but sweet herbal.

The greens are ripening with all their might, and the strawberries have already sprouted by the end of the month. And the blueberries are already keeping up with them, just have time to pick them. In the morning hours you can hear the cry of swallows, during the day frogs croak in ponds, and the evening ends with the lullaby of a nightingale. This time describes summer nature as the most fertile warm time of the year for working in the fields, evening walks and night gatherings around the fire.

A white blizzard of poplar fluff sweeps through the park alleys with a light wind, a kind of winter in fluffy warm snow. The clearings are covered with the white heads of a horde of dandelions, as if hundreds of little astronauts have landed on earth. Any moment now the wind, swaying the dandelions from side to side, will pick the seeds in the parachutes and carry them away. The squeak of chicks can be heard coming from the treetops; the parents barely have time to feed the voracious maturing chicks. The young grow quickly; before you even notice, they will jump out of the nest and fly off once or twice.

The second half of the month in the folk calendar

“The sun from Peter’s turn softens the course, the month is coming for profit”

The most flowers bloom in June different plants, medicinal herbs, Ivan da Marya rises, at every step there are plantains and buttercups, Ivan Chai is smoothed by the warm winds. Forest edges scatter in juicy spots of berries. In the forest you can pick up a lot of ripe strawberries, and a little later on the higher bushes the wild strawberries will turn red.

The day of June 25th is coming - the solstice point. From this time on, the sun turns towards shorter days. Now in the mornings, cold dew covers the grass low above the ground. This natural water can be drunk because it is very pure, collected from settled air vapors, summer dew does not contain salt deposits. At the end of June, on the 29th, Tikhon arrives, and, indeed, the sun shortens its course, yes, and the birds subside. The sun slowly, with unhurried steps, hovers in the sky. Only in the shadow of the shelter deciduous trees there is salvation from the incandescent rays growing in power. Summer turns into hot July.

Summer in Russian painting

Russian artists convey the picture of the summer landscape in a very colorful and varied way. Here you can see majestic green trees, an eared field, and an extraordinary turquoise sky with light, delicate white clouds.

(Painting by B.V. Shcherbakov “June in the Moscow Region”)

The description of summer nature is unusually colorfully presented in the painting by B.V. Shcherbakov “June in the Moscow Region,” which depicts the real greenery of the forest. From the front right corner into the depths of the picture, meandering along the laid bed, lies the smooth surface of the river. On both sides there are powerful trees, it looks like they are pine trees mixed with deciduous trees. On the right, almost by the river, a slender birch tree stands alone. In the foreground on the left are stacks of harvested hay. The top part of the picture is occupied by clear sky, in which only fluffy white clouds are visible.

Description of nature

Karnaukhova Larisa Veniaminovna,
teacher of Russian language and literature
GBOU secondary school No. 583
Primorsky district of St. Petersburg

Lesson objectives:

Training: get acquainted with the features of texts describing nature: composition, style of speech, linguistic means;

Prepare to write an essay, using the works of masters of words (Russian poets and writers) as a model.

Educational: develop students’ mental and speech activity, the ability to analyze, compare, develop communication skills, and creative abilities.

Educational: cultivate a careful and responsible attitude to the word; sense of beauty; improve ethical interpersonal communication skills.

Based on the wording of the topic, formulate the objectives of the lesson.

Use supporting words:

1. Get to know….

2. Study....

Lesson objectives:

How to write a descriptive essay winter nature(how to create a text description, what means (language) to use; what parts will it consist of, what style will it be written in?)

Today in class we will work in groups. Leaders organize the activities of groups. A good start is a helper to the cause.

Group work

1. Get acquainted with the features of describing nature;

2. Prepare to write an essay describing winter nature.

Checking the group assignment completed in the previous lesson. Each group worked with a text describing nature using exercises.

What is landscape? Remind me. (Landscape is a description of nature.)

And with the help of what else (besides words) can a landscape be created? (With the help of colors - painting, sounds - music)

Take a look at the reproduction of I Grabar’s painting “February Azure”. The artist used transparent, cold tones. The whole picture is permeated with a feeling of freshness and purity.

I. Grabar: “All of nature was celebrating some kind of holiday - a holiday of the azure sky, pearl birches, coral branches and sapphire shadows on lilac snow.”

What unites different types art?

(The love of writers, poets and artists for their native nature, admiring its charms).

Well, we must describe winter nature in words and choose them correctly.

Let us remember the words of K. Paustovsky:

“If a writer, while working, does not see behind the words what he writes about, then the reader will not see anything behind him. But if the writer sees well what he is writing about, then the simplest and sometimes erased words acquire newness, they evoke in him those thoughts, feelings, state that the writer wanted to convey to him.”

1 group worked with the concept of text. (textbook Russian language grade 6, Baranova N.T., Ladyzhenskaya T.A., Trostentsova L.A. and other exercise 277)

(Text by Ivan Bunin)

This statement is a text, since a text is a combination of sentences related in meaning and using linguistic means.

That is, all the characteristics of the text are preserved here:

1. The proposals are mutually related;

2. There is semantic completeness;

3. There is intonation completeness;

4. Divided into parts.

The second part is bright, joyful colors.

The third part contains a description of the forest and its colors in the morning. (Deep shadow of the clearing, blue shadow of the sled track, green crowns of pine trees, golden sunlight).

We called the text by Ivan Bunin - “Bright colors winter forest».

The essay should have a title that reflects the topic.

2nd group worked with the concept of types of speech.

1. Narration - depiction of sequential actions. Consists of the beginning, the development of the action, the climax (the highest moment of the action), and the denouement. Questions that can be asked about the narrative text: What happened? How did events develop?

Parts of speech: verbs predominate.

2. Description - a depiction of simultaneous signs of an object or phenomenon. Comprises:

1. General understanding of the subject;

2. Descriptions of parts, parts;

Object of description: nature, person, animal, room.

Questions - what is the subject?

Parts of speech - predominantly adjectives.

3. Reasoning is a type of speech that sets out the causes of phenomena or events and their mutual connection. Comprises:

1. Thesis (thought that needs to be proven);

2. Arguments (evidence), examples;

3. Conclusions.

Questions that can be asked for reasoning: why?

The type of speech in this text is a description of a winter forest. The main idea is what bushes, stumps, and branches look like in a snowy forest. The text contains a lot of adjectives (a pathetic bush, a tiny clearing, funny faces) and comparisons (a bush that looks like a broom, brushwood that looks like lace, spruce branches that look like paws).

3 group worked with the concept of speech styles.

Conversational style; function-communication, used in conversations and dialogues.

Features: ease, emotionality.

Colloquialisms and dialectisms are used.

Scientific style; message function, used in textbooks and scientific works.

Features: accuracy, clarity.

Official business: function-message, used in documents, statements, regulations, laws.

Features: formality, accuracy.

Journalistic; function-impact, used in newspaper or magazine articles, speeches.

Style fiction; function-emotionality;

Used in stories, novels, poems, poems.

Features: figurative and expressive means are used (epithets, metaphors, comparisons, personifications)

The text is a description of winter in a scientific style.

Winter is one of the four seasons.

The coldest time following autumn and preceding spring. (From dictionaries: Dictionary of the Russian language by Ozhegov and Shvedova and the dictionary of the living Great Russian language by V.I. Dalia)

The text is a description of winter in a conversational style.

In the morning I went outside. Frost! What a refrigeration! Oh! I'm running into the warmth (Colloquial vernacular, nouns with evaluative suffixes.)

In what style will you create your text?

So, we will learn to create a text: a description of nature in an artistic style (that is, use various visual and expressive means).

Exercise.

Determine the time of year by its properties: long-awaited, magical, wonderful, dazzling, bewitching (winter).

With the help of what words do we highlight the qualities, signs of objects and phenomena? (epithets)

An epithet is an artistic, expressive definition.

Epithets convey sounds, meaning, color, mood, impression.

An epithet is an adjective with a figurative meaning.

Exercise.

Let's see if each definition is an epithet. Each group works with two phrases and draws conclusions.

1. First group.

Stone building - stone face. (A building built of stone - a face that does not express any emotions (nothing), frozen).

Epithet: stone face, since in this case the word stone is used in this expression in a figurative sense. We think that the author uses this epithet to show something remarkable in a person’s face, to create his image.

2.Second group

Golden ring- golden fire. (Golden ring is a ring made of a precious stone - gold. The word is used in a literal meaning. Golden fire is beautiful, shiny, sparkling, similar to gold. The adjective is used in a figurative meaning.)

3. Third group

Deep lake- a magical lake. (Deep lake - an adjective denotes the size in depth, has direct meaning, is a simple notation). ( Magic Lake- the epithet means: the lake is charming, captivating, the author uses it to create an image, here the author’s attitude towards the lake is conveyed: admiration, admiration, joyful mood).

Bottom line

Thus, an epithet not only highlights the properties and characteristics of an object, but also creates an image, conveys the attitude of the author, that is, it is a figurative and expressive means (linguistic).

Exercise: Write out epithets from poems and prose texts, show their role.

First group:

K. Balmont: “Snowflake”: description of a snowflake using epithets:

Light fluffy,

Snowflake white,

How clean

How brave!

Dear stormy

Easy to carry

Not to the azure heights,

Begs to go to earth.

Wonderful azure

She left

Myself into the unknown

The country has been overthrown.

In the shining rays

Slides skillfully

Among the melting flakes

Preserved white.

Under the blowing wind

Shakes, flutters,

On him, cherishing,

Lightly swinging.

His swing

She's consoled

With his snowstorms

Spinning wildly.

But here it ends

The road is long,

Touches the earth

Crystal star.

Fluffy lies

Snowflake is brave.

How pure, how white!

K. Balmont's epithets add musicality to the description of the snowflake, paint the image of the snowflake, convey the author's admiration, admiration, feelings - joy, surprise, charm.

Question: What mood do we feel? (fairytale, light)

Second group

Poem by Nikolai Brown:

Is it snow flying from the heights?

To forests, fields and thickets,

Is he like dead chalk?

Just white, white, white?

All needle-like from the frost,

At dawn it is soft pink,

He is far away, in the shadows, in the lowlands

Blue and even blue!

Snow is described using epithets: needle snow, soft pink snow, blue snow, blue snow.

The first epithet denotes the similarity of snow with needles in shape; the epithets soft pink, light blue, blue are color epithets that show the richness of colors winter snow, paint a picture of winter nature with words, make it possible to feel the colorfulness and diversity of Russian nature.

A mood of surprise, solemn and beautiful, arises.

Third group

Ivan Shmelev “Summer of the Lord”

“What beauty! The first star, and then another... There are more and more stars. And what stars! Mustached, alive, fighting, piercing the eye. There is frost in the air, through it there are more stars, sparkling with different lights - blue, crystal, dark blue and green...

Freezing! The snow is blue, strong, and squeaks subtly. Along the street there are snowdrifts and mountains. And the air is blue, silvery with dust, smoky, starry.”

The snow is blue and strong.

The air is smoky and starry.

The epithets are mostly in color, conveying the elegance of winter nature and creating a feeling of celebration.

Language means are distinguished by their expressive power in conveying thoughts and feelings, they convey excitement, colorfulness, emotionality - all this allows you to vividly and vividly imagine a picture in your mind.

Collective planning.

1. Winter has come.

2. Snow, trees, forest, sky, sun, air, patterns - a winter picture.

3. Winter mood (festive, cheerful, cheerful, cheerful, warm)

What main images will help you draw a verbal winter landscape?

Air - quiet, transparent, frosty, silvery.

Forest - silent, enchanted.

Winter - fabulous, magical, formidable, cruel, amazing, wonderful, magical, sorceress, witch.

Snow - shiny, New Year's, fabulous, fluffy, silver.

Reflection.

We live next to nature, which calms, pleases, and exalts the soul.

Nature is a source of mysteries and secrets, but they are revealed only to a keen eye and a sensitive heart. Today you were all exactly like that, remain the same, and then all the riches of Russian nature will be revealed to you, which can be expressed with the help of words.

Questions:

1. What have we learned?

2. What is this knowledge useful for?

3. Have we achieved our goal?

4. What difficulties did you encounter?

Among the many feelings, select 1-2 (delight, joy, surprise)

Applications to the lesson.

Rules for working in a group.

1. Listen to your partner carefully.

2. Ask again and clarify to be sure that you understood him correctly.

3. First of all, note positive answers.

4. If you have difficulties, ask your partner for help, helping yourself if you are asked.

5. Remember: together you will do much more than each of you individually.

The following educational technologies were used in the lesson:

Technologies of differentiated learning that allowed the teacher to take into account individually - psychological characteristics children by area of ​​interest, by level of achievement ( mental development), according to personal types (type of thinking, character, temperament).

This was facilitated by the separation of children for group work, differentiated tasks (according to difficulty level) for each group;

Collaborative technology that helped enable joint activities teachers and students on the basis of mutual understanding, democratization (work in groups to complete tasks on the text, speech styles);

A technology for the development of critical thinking, which enabled students not only to meaningfully perceive information, but also to analyze it, highlight the main and secondary, and draw conclusions (comparative tasks to identify epithet and definition).

Research technology - search, identification of problems that ensured the mental activity of students, developed independence (for example, tasks to identify problems and lesson goals);

Gaming technologies. An entertaining game was used in the lesson: recognize an object by its attribute - determine the time of year using an adjective.

Summer is a wonderful time of year. Long sunny days are followed by short warm nights. Most often the weather is clear and the endless blue sky stretches overhead. The trees are lushly dressed in bright green clothes. Under them, grass grows thickly everywhere, dotted with colorful lights of summer flowers - poppies, bells, clover, tansy, chamomile, marigolds... And above them butterflies flutter and all sorts of goosebumps buzz.

Summer decorates gardens and orchards. Juicy cherries are ripe, followed by apricots and peaches. Large red strawberries hang low to the ground. Gradually

“sunbathe” in the rays summer sun more recently green tomatoes. Here and there cucumbers are tied to the arches. The tenacious, prickly branches of blackberries are completely strewn with sweet dark purple, almost black berries. And so it is everywhere - a riot of color, a celebration of fertility, a pleasant feeling of warmth and comfort.

Summer has a wonderful ringing voice - it is the birds singing high in the sky or hidden in the branches of trees - the maestro nightingale, the morning lark, the cheerful chattering sparrow. And towards evening, the music of summer changes - a chorus of crickets begins, which does not stop until the morning.

And even the rain in summer is warm and gentle. Under the tent of the low

The cloudy air becomes hot. Cool drops of rain wash away dust from roads and foliage, making it sparkle with an even purer emerald glow.

Summer is bright, colorful... June is not like August, and July has something to please the eye. High clear sky, warm clear water rivers, ripe fruits, rich colors around... There is no person in the world who does not love summer!

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