Mushrooms 10 types of non-poisonous mushrooms. The most common inedible mushrooms. What to do to avoid poisoning

The most dangerous and “popular” mushrooms include all types of fly agarics and death cap. They are capable of destroying the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular, nervous systems, and completely affect the brain. And no heat treatment will help neutralize the substances contained in these mushrooms. deadly poisons. However, there are other poisonous mushrooms that are no less dangerous. This article will teach you to recognize inedible mushrooms.

The most common poisonous mushrooms

“The meat of the earth,” as mushrooms are sometimes called, truly has a unique taste, which attracts lovers of quiet hunting to look for it again and again. mushroom places. Experienced “hunters” of nature’s delicacy are well aware that the most common and dangerous poisonous ones include the following:

• brick-red false foam;
• gray-yellow false honey fungus;
• stinking fly agaric;
• satanic (false white);
• panther fly agaric;
• false value;
• false chanterelle;
• pale grebe.

It is important to know about the existence of conditionally edibles that act on the body selectively in accordance with the circumstances. In the worst case, such mushrooms can cause moderate and moderately severe poisoning. These include:

• violins;
• pushers;
• rows;
• Gorkushi;
• valui;
• waves;
• milk mushrooms

This category of mushrooms contains poisonous resins that have a detrimental effect on the digestive system. Appropriate treatment can play the role of an antidote: long-term soaking in water, which needs to be changed periodically, salting and standing for at least 1.5 months.

Characteristic signs of poisonous mushrooms

Neither in the world of animals nor plants do there exist “doubles” with similar external characteristics, but completely different in character. But this is exactly what happens with mushrooms. For example, the same species is divided into harmless and poisonous, but it is very difficult to distinguish them if you do not know the main false signs.

Each type of poisonous mushroom growing in Russia has its own characteristics, which should be known to those who are not ready to exclude independently collected mushrooms from their diet. Not to do fatal mistake, you need to study in detail and remember the description of mushrooms harmful to health and life.

Carefully consider the appearance of the mushroom, the color of the cap and plates, the shape of the stem, the condition of the pulp when cut - the main rule.

This is the most famous poisonous mushroom in the world; it has a second name - green fly agaric. Appears from mid-summer to late autumn, can grow in groups or alone. Loves pine and deciduous forests, especially at the edges. It is found in Russia, in many European countries and even in America.

At the first stage of development, the cap looks like a bell, then it becomes convex. Its surface attracts with its velvety and perfect smoothness. Hat diameter – 4-11 cm. Under-hat plates and stem white.

To distinguish it from an edible mushroom, you need to be extremely careful. The pale grebe is first covered with a solid white film. Then, over time, it is rejected and a rim is formed around the leg, and there is also a basal sheath in the form of a sac-like thickening.

The danger of toadstool is not only the presence of deadly toxins, but also the fact that it is extremely similar to everyone’s favorite champignons or russula. Populations of both are observed in similar places; they have the same color and stem shape as edible mushrooms.

And, unfortunately, they are often confused, dooming oneself to severe poisoning, after which not everyone manages to get out alive. After all, the poisons contained in toadstool are heat-resistant and dissolve in water without losing their destructive properties. It is enough to consume 50 g of toadstools, and death is guaranteed.

There is a type of toadstool that is exactly like a champignon. It has a pure white color, which makes it interesting. But if you take a closer look, it will become clear that this is another trick of these half-living, half-plant creatures. The plates under the cap are the same white and merge with the whiteness of the mushroom. In champignons, they are pinkish at first, and darken during ripening.

Exist medications, capable of eliminating the effects of the strongest toxins contained in toadstool. But, unfortunately, the symptoms of poisoning by this mushroom for a long time hidden (up to 2 days), which most often becomes the cause of death when precious time is lost to save the victim.

Pale toadstool does not have the usual mushroom aroma. It is not for nothing that they call it smelly.

This giant looks very similar to or, and is just as attractive. Often found in oak or mixed forests of Russia. He can be found in middle lane, European countries. The period of active growth occurs from June to September.

The hat of this “monster” can reach 25-30 cm, its color is gray or with an olive tint. The leg with a mesh pattern gradually changes its shade - at first it is yellow, then becomes yellow-red. Its height is from 5 to 15 cm, thickness – up to 10 cm.

The plates under the cap also change color depending on the stage of development of the fungus: first greenish, then yellow, orange, red, brown-red.

False chanterelles

They are distinguished by the gray-green color of the inside of the cap, and there is no rim on the stem. They are also given off by an unpleasant odor, which is extremely far from mushroom.

To avoid confusion gall mushroom with boletus or white, its suitability is also determined by the state of the cut. The gall will show a pinkish tint, the white will not change, and the boletus will darken.

They have difficult to recognize differences from conditionally edible and russula. The poisonous ones are equipped with a cone-shaped or flat cap, with a small sharp tubercle in the middle. The color of the cap ranges from smoky gray, green to bright yellow. If an incision is made, a pink color appears.

It lives in coniferous forests, is very similar to the honey mushroom, but differs from it in the absence of a ring on the leg.

Features of poisoning

When eating any poisonous mushrooms a person experiences the following symptoms:

• Acute pain in the abdominal area (stomach and intestines).
• Nausea and vomiting.
• My head is spinning.
• Consciousness weakens or is lost.

If certain species enter the body, do not edible mushrooms Other symptoms may also occur. For example, death cap causes a condition that can be divided into 3 phases:

1. Hidden lasts from 60 minutes to 1.5-2 days.
2. Damage to the digestive system – from 1 to 2 days.
3. Impaired kidney and liver function – the next day.

The first stage is dangerous due to the absence of symptoms. The second entails severe vomiting, headaches, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and severe weakness. During this period, it is necessary to take urgent measures that can guarantee the salvation of the patient. The last phase is the appearance of tar-like stool, the skin turns yellow, blood is found in the urine, and vomit looks like coffee grounds. At this stage, it is very difficult to save the patient’s life; most often, death is likely.

Satanic mushroom is one of the most insidious, because the human body does not give any signals of poisoning for 12 hours. During this time, deadly toxins manage to infect the internal organs of the victim. Only half a day later the first signs appear: vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness. These symptoms include yellowness of the skin, eyeballs, and irregular heartbeat. Urine the color of dark beer, a noticeable enlargement of the liver, clouding of consciousness - this is a critical condition when it is almost impossible to save a person from death.

Causes severe cutting pain in the peritoneum, loose stools, heavy sweating, excessive salivation, lacrimation, pupils are constricted to the limit. The poisoned person experiences high fever, increased agitation, hallucinations, and slurred speech.

This video provides visual information about the main features, similarities and differences between inedible and edible mushrooms:

First aid for poisoning

Gastric lavage is the most important thing to do at the first suspicion of poisoning with inedible mushrooms. This procedure can be done at home. It must be repeated up to 5 times. The victim should drink at least 5-6 glasses of water, and then artificially vomit. To do this, take a spoon and press on the root of your tongue.

After these manipulations, the patient is sent to bed, his limbs are covered with warm heating pads, and he is given strong black tea. At the first stage (shortly after eating poisonous mushrooms), in the absence of diarrhea, mild laxatives are given. It is necessary to monitor your blood pressure to prevent a sharp drop, which laxatives can lead to by dehydrating the body.

What is the most important thing for a mushroom picker who goes into the forest on a “silent hunt”? No, not a basket at all (although you will also need that), but knowledge, especially regarding which mushrooms are poisonous and which ones can be safely put in the basket. Without them, an outing for a forest delicacy can smoothly turn into an urgent trip to the hospital. IN in some cases will turn into the last walk in life. To avoid disastrous consequences, we bring to your attention brief information about dangerous mushrooms that should never be cut off. Take a closer look at the photos and forever remember how they look. So let's begin.

Among poisonous mushrooms, the first place in toxicity and frequency of fatal poisoning is occupied by toadstool. Its venom is stable before heat treatment, and also has delayed symptoms. After tasting mushrooms, you can feel like a completely healthy person for the first day, but this effect is deceptive. While precious time is running out to save a life, toxins are already doing their dirty work, destroying the liver and kidneys. From the second day, symptoms of poisoning manifest themselves as headache and muscle pain, vomiting, but time is lost. In most cases, death occurs.

Even just for a moment touching the edible mushrooms in the basket, the poison of the toadstool is instantly absorbed into their caps and legs and turns the harmless gifts of nature into a deadly weapon.

The toadstool grows in deciduous forests and in appearance (at a young age) slightly resembles champignons or greenfinches, depending on the color of the cap. The cap can be flat with a slight convexity or egg-shaped, with smooth edges and ingrown fibers. The color varies from white to greenish-olive, the plates under the cap are also white. The elongated leg at the base expands and is “shackled” in the remains of a film-bag, which hid a young mushroom underneath, and has a white ring on top.

In a toadstool, when broken, the white flesh does not darken and retains its color.

Such different fly agarics

About dangerous properties Even children know fly agaric. In all fairy tales it is described as a deadly ingredient in the preparation of a poisonous potion. It’s so simple: the red-headed mushroom with white spots, as everyone saw it in illustrations in books, is not at all a single specimen. Besides it, there are other varieties of fly agaric that differ from each other. Some of them are very edible. For example, Caesar mushroom, ovoid and blushing fly agaric. Of course, most species are still inedible. And some are life-threatening and it is strictly prohibited to include them in the diet.

The name “fly agaric” is made up of two words: “flies” and “pestilence”, that is, death. And without explanation, it is clear that the mushroom kills flies, namely its juice, which is released from the cap after sprinkling it with sugar.

Deadly poisonous fly agaric species that pose the greatest danger to humans include:

Small but deadly ragged mushroom

The poisonous mushroom got its name from its peculiar structure: often its cap, the surface of which is covered with silky fibers, is also decorated with longitudinal cracks, and the edges are torn. In the literature, the mushroom is better known as fiber and has a modest size. The height of the leg is slightly more than 1 cm, and the diameter of the hat with a protruding tubercle in the center is a maximum of 8 cm, but this does not prevent it from remaining one of the most dangerous.

The concentration of muscarine in the pulp of the fiber exceeds the red fly agaric, and the effect is noticeable within half an hour, and within 24 hours all symptoms of poisoning with this toxin disappear.

Beautiful, but “crappy mushroom”

This is exactly the case when the title matches the content. It’s not for nothing that the false valu mushroom or horseradish mushroom is called such an indecent word by the people - not only is it poisonous, but also the flesh is bitter, and the smell it emits is simply disgusting and not at all mushroom-like. But thanks to its “aroma”, it will no longer be possible to gain the trust of a mushroom picker under the guise of russula, which valui is very similar to.

The scientific name of the mushroom is “hebeloma adhesive.”

False tree grows everywhere, but most often it can be seen at the end of summer on the light edges of coniferous and deciduous forests, under an oak, birch or aspen. The cap of a young mushroom is creamy-white, convex, with the edges turned down. With age, its center bends inward and darkens to a yellow-brown color, while the edges remain light. The skin on the cap is nice and smooth, but sticky. The bottom of the cap consists of adherent plates that are gray-white in young valuei and dirty yellow in old specimens. The dense, bitter pulp also has a corresponding color. The leg of the false valuu is quite high, about 9 cm. It is wide at the base, tapers further upward, and is covered with a white coating similar to flour.

A characteristic feature of the “horseradish mushroom” is the presence of black inclusions on the plates.

The poisonous twin of summer honey mushrooms: sulfur-yellow honey fungus

Everyone knows that they grow on stumps in friendly flocks, but among them there is a “relative” that looks practically no different from tasty mushrooms, but causes severe poisoning. This is a false sulfur-yellow honey fungus. Poisonous lookalikes live in clusters on the remains of tree species almost everywhere, both in forests and in clearings between fields.

The mushrooms have small caps (maximum 7 cm in diameter) of gray-yellow color, with a darker, reddish center. The pulp is light, bitter and smells bad. The plates under the cap are tightly attached to the stem; in the old mushroom they are dark. The light leg is long, up to 10 cm, and smooth, consisting of fibers.

You can distinguish between “good” and “bad honey fungus” by the following characteristics:

• The edible mushroom has scales on its cap and stem, while the false mushroom does not;
• The “good” mushroom is dressed in a skirt on a leg, the “bad” one does not have one.

Satanic mushroom disguised as boletus

The massive leg and dense pulp of the satanic mushroom make it look like, but eating such a beauty is fraught with severe poisoning. Satanic bolete, as this species is also called, tastes quite good: there is no smell, no bitterness characteristic of poisonous mushrooms.

Some scientists even classify bolet as a conditionally edible mushroom if it is subjected to prolonged soaking and prolonged heat treatment. But no one can say exactly how many toxins boiled mushrooms of this type contain, so it’s better not to risk your health.

Externally, the satanic mushroom is quite beautiful: the dirty white cap is fleshy, with a spongy yellow bottom that turns red over time. The shape of the leg is similar to the real one edible boletus, just as massive, in the shape of a barrel. Under the cap, the stem becomes thinner and turns yellow, the rest is orange-red. The flesh is very dense, white, only pinkish at the very base of the stem. Young mushrooms have a pleasant smell, but older specimens give off a disgusting smell of spoiled vegetables.

You can distinguish Satanic boletus from edible mushrooms by cutting the flesh: when it comes into contact with air, it first acquires a red tint and then turns blue.

The debate about the edibility of pig mushrooms was stopped in the early 90s, when all types of these mushrooms were officially recognized as dangerous to human life and health. Some mushroom pickers continue to collect them for food to this day, but this should not be done under any circumstances, since pig toxins can accumulate in the body and symptoms of poisoning do not appear immediately.

Externally, poisonous mushrooms are similar to milk mushrooms: they are small, with squat legs and a fleshy round cap of a dirty yellow or gray-brown color. The center of the hat is deeply concave, the edges are wavy. The fruit body is yellowish in cross section, but quickly darkens from the air. Pigs grow in groups in forests and plantings; they especially love wind-fallen trees, located among their rhizomes.

There are more than 30 varieties of pig's ear, as the mushroom is also called. All of them contain lectins and can cause poisoning, but the thinnest pig is considered the most dangerous. The cap of a young poisonous mushroom is smooth, dirty olive, and becomes rusty over time. The short leg has the shape of a cylinder. When the mushroom body is broken, a distinct smell of rotting wood is heard.

The following pigs are no less dangerous:

Poisonous umbrellas

Slender mushrooms on tall, thin stalks with flat, wide-open caps resembling an umbrella grow in abundance along roads and roadsides. They are called umbrellas. The cap actually opens up and becomes wider as the mushroom grows. Most varieties of umbrella mushrooms are edible and very tasty, but there are also poisonous specimens among them.

The most dangerous and common poisonous mushrooms are the following umbrellas:

Poisonous rows

Row mushrooms have many varieties. Among them there are both edible and very tasty mushrooms, as well as frankly tasteless and inedible species. There are also very dangerous poisonous rows. Some of them resemble their “harmless” relatives, which easily misleads inexperienced mushroom pickers. Before you go into the forest, you should look for a person to be your partner. He must know all the intricacies of the mushroom business and be able to distinguish “bad” rows from “good” ones.

The second name for the rows is govorushki.

Among the poisonous talkers, the following rows are considered one of the most dangerous, capable of causing death:

Gall mushroom: inedible or poisonous?

Most scientists classify the gall mushroom as inedible, since even forest insects do not dare to taste its bitter pulp. However, another group of researchers is convinced that this mushroom is poisonous. If the dense pulp is eaten, death does not occur. But the toxins it contains in large quantities cause enormous harm. internal organs, in particular the liver.

People call the mushroom bitter for its unique taste.

The size of the poisonous mushroom is not small: the diameter of the brown-orange cap reaches 10 cm, and the creamy-red leg is very thick, with a darker mesh-like pattern in the upper part.

The gall mushroom is similar to the white one, but, unlike the latter, it always turns pink when broken.

Fragile impatiens galerina swamp

In marshy areas of the forest, in thickets of moss, you can find small mushrooms on a long thin stalk - marsh galerina. The brittle light yellow leg with a white ring at the top can be easily knocked down even with a thin twig. Moreover, the mushroom is poisonous and should not be eaten anyway. The dark yellow cap of the galerina is also fragile and watery. IN at a young age similar to a bell, but then straightens, leaving only a sharp bulge in the center.

This is not a complete list of poisonous mushrooms; in addition, there are many more false species, which can easily be confused with edible ones. If you are not sure which mushroom is under your feet, please pass by. It’s better to take an extra lap through the forest or return home with an empty wallet than to suffer from severe poisoning later. Be careful, take care of your health and the health of those close to you!

Video about the most dangerous mushrooms for humans

Inedible mushrooms of our forests, toadstool mushroom, red fly agaric mushroom and much more

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According to the nature of poisoning, poisonous mushrooms are divided into 3 groups: causing food poisoning that cause disruption nervous system and deadly poisonous.

Poisonous mushrooms(photos and names):

Paxillus involutus

Synonyms: Cowshed, Filly, Pig, Pig, Pig, Pig, Pig's ear.

Thin pig (Paxillus involutus) Other names of the mushroom: Pig Cow Pig Synonyms: Cow barn Filly Pig Pig Pig Pig Pig Pig's ear Thin pig (lat. Paxillus involutus) or simply Svinushka is a mushroom of the Svinushka family. Until 1981, this mushroom was considered conditionally edible and belonged to the 4th category in terms of nutritional quality. Currently classified as poisonous, although many mushroom pickers do not agree […]

Tylopilus felleus

Synonyms: Gorchak, False white mushroom.

Bile mushroom(Tylopilus felleus) Other names of the mushroom: False porcini mushroom Other names: False white mushroom Bitter mushroom Bile mushroom (Latin Tylopilus felleus) is an inedible tubular mushroom of the genus Tilopil (Latin Tylopilus) of the Boletaceae family (Latin Boletaceae), inedible due to its bitter taste. The gall fungus grows in coniferous forests, mainly on sandy soil, sparsely and sparsely from July to October. Hat up to 10 cm […]

Amanita phalloides

Synonyms: Green fly agaric, White fly agaric.

Pale grebe (Amanita phalloides) Synonyms: Green fly agaric Amanita phalloides white Pale grebe (lat. Amanita phalloides) is a mushroom from the genus Amanita (fly agaric), one of the most dangerous deadly poisonous mushrooms. Pale grebe grows in coniferous and deciduous forests, birch forests, oak forests alone and in groups from June to autumn frosts. Rarely seen. The cap of the pale grebe reaches 10 cm in ∅, at first bell-shaped, […]

Tricholoma pardinum

Synonyms: Tiger row, Leopard row.

Poison row (Tricholoma pardinum) Other names: Tiger row Leopard row Poison row (lat. Tricholoma pardinum) is a poisonous mushroom from the genus Tricholoma (Ryadovka) of the Row family. The poisonous row grows in deciduous, oak and coniferous (pine) forests on calcareous soil in groups from August to October. The cap is 4-12 cm in ∅, initially convex, then flat-prostrate, with a curled edge, dirty white, […]

Amanita muscaria

Red fly agaric (Amanita muscaria) Red fly agaric (lat. Amanita muscaria) is a poisonous psychoactive mushroom of the genus Amanita, or Amanita (lat. Amanita) of the order Agaricales (lat. Agaricales), belongs to basidiomycetes. The red fly agaric grows in coniferous, deciduous and mixed forests, especially in birch forests. It is often and abundantly found singly and in large groups from June until autumn frosts. Hat up to 20 cm […]

Synonyms: Satanic pain.

Satanic mushroom (Boletus satanas) or Satanic Boletus Satanic mushroom (lat. Boletus satanas) is a poisonous (according to some sources, conditionally edible) mushroom from the genus Boletus (lat. Boletus) of the Boletaceae family (lat. Boletaceae). Grows in light oak and deciduous forests on calcareous soil. The cap is 10-20 cm in ∅, cushion-shaped, grayish-white, pale ocher-white with an olive tint, dry, fleshy. The flesh is pale, almost [...]

Tricholoma album

White row (Tricholoma album) Cap: the diameter of the cap is 6-10 cm. The surface of the mushroom is grayish-white, always dry and dull. In the middle, the cap of old mushrooms is yellowish-brown in color and covered with ocher spots. At first the cap has a convex shape with a curled edge, later it acquires an outstretched convex shape. Stipe: the stem of the mushroom is dense, matching the color of the cap, but with age it becomes yellowish-brown at the base. […]

Hypholoma fasciculare

Synonyms: Honey fungus sulfur-yellow.

Sulfur-yellow honey fungus (Hypholoma fasciculare) Other names of the mushroom: Sulfur-yellow honey fungus or Sulfur-yellow honey fungus Sulfur-yellow honey fungus (lat. Hypholoma fasciculare) is a poisonous mushroom from the genus Hypholoma of the Strophariaceae family. Sulfur-yellow false honey fungus grows on stumps, on the ground near stumps and on rotten wood of deciduous and coniferous species. Often found in large groups. Cap 2-7 cm in ∅, first bell-shaped, then procumbent, yellowish, […]

Galerina marginata

Bordered galerina (Galerina marginata) Bordered galerina (lat. Galerina marginata) is a type of poisonous mushroom in the Strophariaceae family of the Agaricaceae order. Cap of galerina fringed: Diameter 1-4 cm, the shape is initially bell-shaped or convex, with age it opens to almost flat. The cap itself is hygrofan, it changes appearance depending on the humidity; the dominant color is yellow-brown, ocher, in wet weather - with more […]

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15.06 Poisonous mushrooms of Russia: How to identify a poisonous mushroom, how to distinguish an edible mushroom (PICTURES, PHOTO)

News about mushroom poisoning appears every season. Poisonous mushrooms are often similar to edible ones, so we remind mushroom pickers to refresh their memory of the rules on how to distinguish poisonous mushrooms, how to identify poisonous mushrooms and look at pictures and photos of poisonous mushrooms. If you doubt the edibility of a particular mushroom, it is better to leave it where it is. Read tips for novice mushroom pickers below: Poisonous mushrooms of Russia: How to identify a poisonous mushroom, how to distinguish an edible mushroom.

Poisonous mushrooms of Russia: How to identify a poisonous mushroom, how to distinguish an edible mushroom

Poisonous mushrooms contain deadly toxins and that is why eating them is strictly prohibited! Even after long and thorough processing (drying, soaking, salting, etc.), poisonous mushrooms may not lose their harmful substances. Before you go into the forest to pick mushrooms, you need to know, at least in theory, what some types of poisonous mushrooms look like. that can be found in our forests. Every person who likes to go mushroom picking should clearly remember that it is not worth putting unknown mushrooms in the basket. After all, even the smallest poisonous mushroom. processed together with other mushrooms can lead to serious consequences.

Poisonous mushrooms are mushrooms that, when consumed in normal doses, cause severe poisoning. According to the nature of the action of toxins, poisonous mushrooms are divided into three groups:

• mushrooms with a local irritant effect (food intoxication);
• fungi that cause disruption of activity in the central nervous system;
• mushrooms, causing poisoning, leading to death.

The first signs of mushroom poisoning - what to do in case of mushroom poisoning
The first signs of mushroom poisoning are similar to many other pathologies:

• vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, fever.

This may be the end of the matter, but sometimes, after the first symptoms, severe damage to the liver, pancreas, and kidneys develops. Death may occur. That is why self-treatment should not be done in any case! If you eat mushrooms and feel unwell, consult a doctor immediately. While the ambulance is driving, drink 4-5 glasses of boiled water at room temperature (a weak solution of potassium permanganate or soda solution) in small sips. This is done in order to make you vomit and flush your stomach. Mortality from mushroom poisoning is very high - from 50 to 90% in the regions of Russia. Tragic cases are known when entire families died.
IT IS IMPORTANT TO KNOW:
In general, mushrooms are a very difficult product to digest. Mushrooms are not recommended for children, the elderly, or those who suffer from diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, even healthy people You should not consume mushrooms with alcohol or starchy foods, in particular potatoes.
Poisonous mushrooms in the forests of Russia

Mortality from poisoning with poisonous mushrooms in some cases reaches 90%! Poisonous mushrooms are especially dangerous for a child's body. Main hallmark poisonous mushrooms is the presence in them is deadly hazardous substances, rather than external resemblance or the absence of any “normal” fungal characteristic. Therefore, going to mushroom hunting, it is important to become thoroughly familiar with the representatives of poisonous mushrooms.

Poisonous mushrooms - Pale toadstool

Pale toadstool is perhaps the most poisonous mushroom! It is better to avoid poisoning with toadstool! Appearance This mushroom is practically not much different from other mushrooms growing in forests, so it can easily be confused with an edible mushroom.
The color of the cap of this toadstool is yellowish-brown, pale greenish or greenish-olive. Usually the center of the cap is darker in color than its edges. The structure of this type of mushroom is quite fleshy, with cylindrical stripes of pale green color. On top of the leg there is a ring of striped pale or white color.
Pale grebe (photo) forms mycorrhiza on deciduous trees, growing in mixed and deciduous forests. It begins to bear fruit at the end of summer to the end of September. Pale grebe (pictures) has a strong toxic effect.

Poison mushrooms - False mushroom

The mushroom has a convex hat up to 5 cm in diameter. The color of the cap is predominantly yellowish with a red or orange tint and a darker color in the center. The mushroom has a thin, even, hollow, fibrous leg. The flesh of the mushroom is light yellow, has a bitter taste and an unpleasant odor.
The false honey fungus lives from June to October.
Most often it can be found in fairly large groups on rotting wood.
The mushroom is poisonous and causes distress digestive organs. After 1-6 hours, signs of poisoning immediately appear: vomiting, loss of consciousness, nausea, excessive sweating.
False foam is similar in external signs with autumn, winter, summer and gray-plate honey fungus.

Poisonous mushrooms - False chanterelle (orange talker)

This poisonous mushroom has a brightly colored cap from orange-red to copper-red. The shape of the false chanterelle's cap resembles a funnel with a smooth edge. The plates of the mushroom are bright red, sinuous. The stalk is approximately 10 cm long and 10 mm wide, often narrowed towards the base. False chanterelles mainly grow in the warm season from July to October, near real chanterelles. Also, this type of mushroom often grows in families, in rare cases alone.
The false chanterelle can be easily distinguished from edible chanterelle: A real chanterelle has a bright yellow color, a concave cap that is smooth on top and wavy at the edges. The leg is dense and elastic, slightly darker than the cap. Characteristic feature Chanterelles are characterized by their pleasant fruity aroma. False relatives of the chanterelle are brighter in appearance, yellow- orange color, with hollow and thin leg. The edges of her hat are smooth, unlike a real chanterelle. And most importantly: the pulp of the false chanterelle has a very unpleasant odor.

How to distinguish a poisonous mushroom - How to distinguish edible mushrooms

It is no secret that many poisonous mushrooms are disguised as edible ones. So, let's figure out how to distinguish edible mushrooms from inedible ones. It is worth remembering that even an edible mushroom can cause poisoning.
IT IS IMPORTANT TO KNOW:
Overripe mushrooms with a cap open like an umbrella have no nutritional value. It is better to hang such a mushroom on a branch - let the spores spread throughout the area. But if the cap is curved like a dome, it means that the mushroom has already released spores and a poison similar to that of a corpse is formed in it. It is dangerous and is the main cause of poisoning.

Differences between poisonous and edible mushrooms

Let's figure out what differences between poisonous and edible mushrooms novice mushroom pickers need to know. What you should pay attention to when picking mushrooms, what mushroom lovers should be wary of, and how to avoid becoming a victim of poisonous mushrooms.

Description. The porcini mushroom is distinguished by a thick and dense stem, a brown cap, white flesh, and a pleasant taste and smell. Porcini mushrooms are quite easy to distinguish from poisonous ones.

Danger. discoloration at the break, bitter taste. Do not confuse the white mushroom with the poisonous yellow one - its flesh turns pink when cut.

Description. The boletus is distinguished by a dense, brown-red cap, the flesh turns blue at the break. This is how you can distinguish the edible boletus mushroom from other mushrooms.

Description. The boletus is distinguished by a white leg with bright scales, the cap is brownish on top, the cap is white below, and the flesh at the break is white. These are the main differences between an edible mushroom and how edible boletus mushrooms are distinguished from inedible mushrooms.

Danger. the mushroom does not grow under its own tree.

Description. The butterdish (butterfly) has a yellow stem and the same cap with white marks on the edges and a sticky skin on top, as if greased with oil, which is easily removed with a knife. Learn to identify poisonous mushrooms.

Danger. discoloration at the break, reddish spongy layer, bitter taste.

Description. Moss mushrooms have a dark green or reddish velvety cap, a yellow stem and a spongy layer. These are the main signs by which you can distinguish the edible flywheel mushroom from inedible mushrooms.

Danger. lack of velvety, reddish color of the spongy layer, bitter taste.

Description. Chanterelle is dense, apricot or light orange in color, the plates from under the cap smoothly turn into a dense and durable stem. A way to distinguish the edible chanterelle mushroom from inedible mushrooms.

Danger. red-orange color, empty stem.

Description. Camelina is a lamellar mushroom of the appropriate color that secretes a milky juice - orange and not bitter in taste. This is how to distinguish the edible saffron mushroom from its look-alike mushrooms.

Danger. white, bitter, acrid milky juice.

Description. Honey mushrooms are pecked by families on stumps, roots, and trunks of dead trees. The cap of the honey fungus is ocher-colored and covered with small black scales directed from the middle, underneath there are whitish plates, and on the stem there is a white ring or film.

Danger. grows on the ground, yellow or reddish cap, without scales, black, green or brown plates, no film or ring on the stem, earthy smell.

Description. Milk mushroom is a lamellar mushroom, white, with fluffy edges, white and acrid milky juice, grows in flocks next to birch trees. This way you can distinguish milk mushrooms from poisonous and inedible mushrooms.

Danger. rare plates, sharp blueness and stone hardness at the fracture, absence of birch trees nearby.

Description. Volnushka is a lamellar mushroom with a shaggy pink cap, curved at the edges, white and acrid milky juice. This distinctive features waves.

Danger. The “wrong” hat is not pink, unfurled, without hairiness.

Description. Russulas - lamellar mushrooms, easily break, caps different color- pink, brownish, greenish, the skin is easily removed from them. This way you can distinguish edible russula mushrooms from inedible ones.

Danger. red or brown-black cap, pink leg, reddened or darkened soft film on the leg, coarse and hard pulp, unpleasant and bitter taste.

There are no reliable methods to distinguish between edible and poisonous mushrooms by eye. therefore, the only way out is to know each of the mushrooms. If the species identity of mushrooms is in doubt, you should under no circumstances eat them. Fortunately, among the hundreds of species found in nature, many have such clearly defined characteristics that it is difficult to confuse them with others. However, it is better to always have a mushroom identification tool on hand to distinguish a poisonous mushroom from an edible mushroom.

How to identify poisonous mushrooms

1 - paneolus; 2 — gray float; 3 — glowing talker; 4 - common veselka; 5 - pale grebe; 6 - fly agaric white (spring).

7 - red fly agaric; 8 - variegated champignon; 9 - Russula emetic; 10 — value; 11 - entoloma.

How to identify edible mushrooms

1 – breast; 2 – camelina; 3 – cone mushroom; 4 – greenish russula; 5 – edible russula; 6 – fox.

7 – oiler; 8 – morel; 9 – porcini mushroom; 10 – large umbrella; 11 – row; 12 – field champignon.

What to do in order not to get poisoned by mushrooms

If you are worried that a poisonous mushroom has gotten into your basket, know that there are two ways to remove the poison:

Both of these methods do not work on only one mushroom - toadstool.

We wish you a pleasant quiet hunt. And remember that mushrooms brought home must be processed on the same day. The exception is lamellar mushrooms - they can be soaked overnight.

Of the incredible number of varieties of mushrooms (more than 100,000), mushroom pickers can encounter only 700 species in our forests. Surprisingly, more than 400 of them are poisonous. And although “silent hunting” for mushrooms does not seem as dangerous as chasing tigers and rhinoceroses, the inability to distinguish between inedible species can have very serious consequences.

The toxins contained in mushrooms act in different ways: some exhibit a gastroenterotropic effect (disorder of the digestive system), others have a hepatonephrotoxic effect (damage to the kidneys, liver). May harm the heart and nervous system. In general, poisonous mushrooms can be divided into three groups by type.: causing food poisoning, causing disruption of the nervous system And deadly poisonous.

Did you know? ABOUT the bottom of a small pale grebe can kill four people. The wife of Emperor Claudius poisoned her husband with toadstool soup.

TO deadly poisonous mushrooms include those that contain:

1. Poisons phallotoxins (cyclopeptides). Present in pale toadstools, galerinas, special types umbrella mushrooms. Unpleasant symptoms appear after 6-24 hours, less often after 48 hours. A person suffers from vomiting, diarrhea, thirst, convulsions, and frequent urination. Three days of suffering is replaced by improvement, which ends in jaundice; As a result, the victim dies from a failure of the liver. Beginning mushroom pickers often confuse toadstools with russula, and white fly agarics with champignons.
   
2. Poison monomethylhydrazine. Found in strings and other mushrooms of the Helwellian family (for example, lobes). Signs of poisoning appear after 6-12 hours, sometimes only after a couple of hours. Headache, colic, vomiting, dizziness, weakness last for a couple of days. Liver function is disrupted and jaundice occurs. Possible death. However, the poison is easily neutralized by boiling for 15 minutes (drain the liquid, rinse, boil again - and you can eat).
   Lobed mushrooms
3. Poisons such as orellanine, cortinarine, grismaline. Contained in cobwebs and fibers. After 3-14 days and later, a feeling of dry mouth, vomiting, stomach pain, and excessive urination occurs. Kidney function stops. Poisoning cannot be treated and is fatal. Poisonous mushrooms are rarely confused with the edible group of spider webs.
4. Alkaloid muscarine. It is found primarily in torn mushrooms, such as conical torn, brick torn, torn with a beet-shaped leg, white torn, red torn, fibrous puff earthen head, as well as in representatives of a number of rows (talkers). Funnelworts have lower concentrations: puff, lead-white, meadow, field. Brown fly agaric and panther mushroom are endowed with muscarine in minute doses. Literally after fifteen minutes (sometimes after forty), vision decreases, the heartbeat quickens, shortness of breath, fever occurs, the face becomes red, the secretion of saliva and sweat exceeds the norm. Classified as deadly. The antidote is atropine. From folk remedies Tea made from the belladonna herb helps.
5. Lectins (special toxins). This substance is not destroyed when boiled. Identified in thin pig. Exact time It is impossible to indicate the onset of illness after taking mushrooms - there are cases of manifestations after several years. Abdominal pain, diarrhea, dizziness, and fever occur. Then the kidneys fail.
   Thin pig

To disrupt the functioning of the nervous system include mushrooms containing:




Mushrooms that cause food poisoning, containing unknown substances that cause stomach and intestinal disorders. They are present in yellow-skinned champignons, false mushrooms, and entolomas. After 30 minutes (or two hours), vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, headache, and colic occur. Fatal outcome can be avoided in most cases.

Important! It is strictly forbidden to look for mushrooms in dumping areas. industrial waste, near railway tracks and highways, due to the ability of mushrooms to accumulate heavy metals. The latter give rise to the same poisoning as the poison contained in mushrooms.

Poisonous mushrooms: names and photos

Poisonous mushrooms do not have a frightening appearance and do not have a particularly unpleasant odor (with the exception of the stinking fly agaric). Therefore, it is strictly forbidden to take dubious, completely unfamiliar gifts from the forest. Recognize them by sight - reliable way protection against poisoning.

The pig is thin.

Alder pig (damages the kidneys and changes the quality characteristics of the blood).
Alder pig

It is similar to a porcini mushroom, but unlike it, it has a black mesh on the stalk and pink pores.


They are the most dangerous and most often eaten, therefore they exceed all other varieties in terms of the number of victims.


fly agaric







Porphyritic fly agaric. The fly agaric is bright yellow.


Ryadovka











False foam






Champignon






Galerina






Did you know? Mushrooms cannot be classified as either animal or plant. Finding in themselves the qualities of both, they belong to a separate kingdom of organisms.

Talker









fiberglass











Mitsena





Line





Borovik








Umbrella






Cobweb












Russula




Lepiota