Enterprises of the Russian military-industrial complex have created a powerful electromagnetic missile "Alabuga", which has a warhead with an electric generator magnetic field high power. It was reported that it was capable of covering an area of ​​3.5 kilometers with one blow and disabling all electronics, turning them into a “heap of scrap metal.”

Mikheev explained that “Alabuga” is not a specific weapon: under this code, in 2011-2012, a whole range of scientific research was completed, during which the main directions for the development of radio-electronic weapons of the future were determined.

“A very serious theoretical assessment and practical work was carried out on laboratory mock-ups and specialized testing grounds, during which the range of radio-electronic weapons and the degree of their impact on equipment was determined,” Mikheev said.

This impact can vary in intensity: “Starting with the usual interference effect with the temporary disabling of the enemy’s weapons systems and military equipment up to its complete radio-electronic destruction, leading to energetic, destructive damage to the main electronic elements, boards, blocks and systems."

After the completion of this work, all data on its results were closed, and the topic of microwave weapons itself fell into the category of critical technologies with the highest classification of secrecy, Mikheev emphasized.
“Today we can only say that all these developments have been translated into specific development work on the creation of electromagnetic weapons: shells, bombs, missiles carrying a special explosive magnetic generator, in which, due to the energy of the explosion, a so-called microwave electromagnetic pulse is created , which disables all enemy equipment at a certain distance,” the interlocutor noted.

Similar developments are being carried out by all leading world powers - in particular, the USA and China, the KRET representative concluded.

Russia today is the only country in the world that is armed with ammunition equipped with electromagnetic generators, said Viktor Murakhovsky, editor-in-chief of the Arsenal of the Fatherland magazine, member of the expert council of the military-industrial complex board.
This is how he commented on the words of Vladimir Mikheev, adviser to the first deputy general director of the Radioelectronic Technologies concern, who stated that Russia is creating electronic munitions capable of disabling enemy equipment due to a powerful microwave pulse.

“We have such standard ammunition - for example, such generators are in the warheads of anti-aircraft missiles; there are also rounds for hand-held anti-tank grenade launchers equipped with such generators. In this area, we are at the forefront in the world, similar ammunition, as far as I know, is still there are no supplies for foreign armies. In the USA and China, such equipment is now only at the testing stage," RIA Novosti quotes V. Murakhovsky.

The expert noted that today the Russian defense industry is working to increase the effectiveness of such ammunition, as well as to strengthen the electromagnetic pulse due to new materials and new design diagrams. At the same time, Murakhovsky emphasized that calling such weapons “electromagnetic bombs” is not entirely correct, since today they are in service Russian army There are only anti-aircraft missiles and grenade launcher rounds equipped with such generators.

Speaking about radio-electronic weapons of the future, being developed today in Russia, the interlocutor cited the example of the “Microwave guns” project, which is currently at the research stage.

“At the research stage, there is a new product on a tracked chassis that generates radiation that can disable a drone at a great distance. This is exactly what is now colloquially called a “microwave gun,” said Murakhovsky.

For the first time, the world saw a really working prototype of an electromagnetic weapon at the LIMA 2001 arms exhibition in Malaysia. An export version was presented there domestic complex"Satchel-E". It is made on the MAZ-543 chassis, has a mass of about 5 tons, ensures guaranteed destruction of ground target electronics, aircraft or guided ammunition at ranges of up to 14 kilometers and disruptions in its operation at a distance of up to 40 km. Despite the fact that the firstborn created a real sensation in the world media, experts noted a number of its shortcomings. Firstly, the size of the effectively hit target does not exceed 30 meters in diameter, and secondly, the weapon is disposable - reloading takes more than 20 minutes, during which the miracle gun has already been shot down 15 times from the air, and it can only work on targets in the open terrain, without the slightest visual obstacles. It is probably for these reasons that the Americans abandoned the creation of such directed EMP weapons, concentrating on laser technologies. Our gunsmiths decided to try their luck and try to “bring to fruition” the technology of directed EMP radiation.

Active pulse radiation produces something similar to a nuclear explosion, only without the radioactive component. Field tests have shown the high efficiency of the unit - not only radio-electronic, but also conventional electronic equipment of wired architecture fails within a radius of 3.5 km. Those. not only removes the main communication headsets from normal operation, blinding and stunning the enemy, but also actually leaves an entire unit without any local electronic control systems, including weapons. The advantages of such a “non-lethal” defeat are obvious - the enemy will only have to surrender, and the equipment can be received as a trophy. The only problem is the effective means of delivering this charge - it has a relatively large mass and the missile must be quite large, and, as a result, very vulnerable to destruction by air defense/missile defense systems,” the expert explained.

Interesting are the developments of NIIRP (now a division of the Almaz-Antey air defense concern) and the Physico-Technical Institute named after. Ioffe. While studying the impact of powerful microwave radiation from the ground on air objects (targets), specialists from these institutions unexpectedly received local plasma formations, which were obtained at the intersection of radiation flows from several sources. Upon contact with these formations, air targets underwent enormous dynamic overloads and were destroyed. The coordinated operation of microwave radiation sources made it possible to quickly change the focusing point, that is, to retarget at enormous speed or to accompany objects of almost any aerodynamic characteristics. Experiments have shown that the impact is effective even against ICBM warheads. In fact, these are no longer even microwave weapons, but combat plasmoids. Unfortunately, when in 1993 a team of authors submitted a draft air defense/missile defense system based on these principles to the state for consideration, Boris Yeltsin immediately proposed joint development to the American president. And although cooperation on the project did not take place, perhaps this is what prompted the Americans to create a HAARP complex(High freguencu Active Auroral Research Program) - a research project to study the ionosphere and auroras. Let us note that for some reason that peaceful project is funded by the Pentagon’s DARPA agency.

Reference:
The element base of RES is very sensitive to energy overloads, and a flow of electromagnetic energy of a sufficiently high density can burn out semiconductor junctions, completely or partially disrupting their normal functioning. Low-frequency EMF creates electromagnetic pulse radiation at frequencies below 1 MHz, high-frequency EMF is affected by microwave radiation - both pulsed and continuous. Low-frequency EMF affects the object through interference to the wired infrastructure, including telephone lines, external power cables, data supply and removal. High-frequency EMF directly penetrates into the radio-electronic equipment of an object through its antenna system. In addition to affecting the enemy's electronic resources, high-frequency electromagnetic radiation can also affect the skin and internal organs person. At the same time, as a result of their heating in the body, chromosomal and genetic changes, activation and deactivation of viruses, transformation of immunological and behavioral reactions are possible.

The main technical means of producing powerful electromagnetic pulses, which form the basis of low-frequency EMP, is a generator with explosive compression of the magnetic field. Another potential type of low-frequency, high-level magnetic energy source could be a magnetodynamic generator driven by rocket fuel or explosive. When implementing high-frequency EMR, electronic devices such as broadband magnetrons and klystrons, gyrotrons operating in the millimeter range, generators with a virtual cathode (vircators) using the centimeter range, free electron lasers and broadband plasma beams can be used as a generator of powerful microwave radiation. generators.

sources

When people talk about electromagnetic weapons, they most often mean the destruction of electrical and electronic equipment by directing electromagnetic pulses (EMP) at it. Indeed, the currents and voltages that arise as a result of a powerful impulse in electronic circuits lead to its failure. And the greater its power, the greater the distance at which any “signs of civilization” become unusable.

One of the most powerful sources of EMP is nuclear weapons. For example, American nuclear test in the Pacific Ocean in 1958 caused disruption of radio and television broadcasts and lighting interruptions in the Hawaiian Islands, and disruption of radio navigation for 18 hours in Australia. In 1962, when at an altitude of 400 km. The Americans detonated a 1.9 Mt charge – 9 satellites “died”, radio communication was lost for a long time over a wide area Pacific Ocean. Therefore, an electromagnetic pulse is one of the damaging factors nuclear weapons.

But nuclear weapons are only applicable in a global conflict, and EMP capabilities are very useful in more applied military affairs. Therefore, non-nuclear means of destroying EMP began to be designed almost immediately after nuclear weapons.

Of course, EMP generators have been around for a long time. But creating a sufficiently powerful (and therefore “long-range”) generator is not so easy technically. After all, in essence, it is a device that converts electrical or other energy into high-power electromagnetic radiation. And if a nuclear weapon has no problems with primary energy, then if electricity is used together with power sources (voltage), it will be more of a structure than a weapon. Unlike a nuclear charge, delivering it “at the right time, in the right place” is more problematic.

And in the early 90s, reports began to appear about non-nuclear “electromagnetic bombs” (E-Bomb). As always, the source was the Western press, and the reason was the American operation against Iraq in 1991. The “new secret superweapon” was indeed used to suppress and disable Iraqi air defense and communications systems.

However, we similar weapons was proposed back in the 1950s by academician Andrei Sakharov (even before he became a “peacemaker”). By the way, at the peak of his creative activity (which did not occur during the period of dissidence, as many people think), he had a lot original ideas. For example, during the war years he was one of the creators of an original and reliable device for monitoring armor-piercing cores at a cartridge factory.

And in the early 50s he proposed to “wash away” East Coast USA with a giant tsunami wave, which can be initiated by a series of powerful sea nuclear explosions at a considerable distance from the coast. True, the command of the Navy, seeing “ nuclear torpedo", made for this purpose, flatly refused to accept it for service for reasons of humanism - and even yelled at the scientist with a multi-deck photic obscenity. Compared to this idea, the electromagnetic bomb is truly a “humane weapon.”

In the non-nuclear munition proposed by Sakharov, a powerful EMP was formed as a result of compression of the magnetic field of the solenoid by the explosion of a conventional explosive. Due to the high chemical energy density in the explosive, this eliminated the need to use an electrical energy source for conversion to EMP. In addition, in this way it was possible to obtain a powerful EMP. True, this also made the device disposable, since it was destroyed by the initiating explosion. In our country, this type of device began to be called an explosive magnetic generator (EMG).

Actually, the Americans and the British came up with this same idea in the late 70s, as a result of which the ammunition that was tested in combat in 1991 appeared. So there is nothing “new” or “super-secret” in this type of technology.

We have (and Soviet Union occupied leading positions in the field of physical research) such devices found application in purely peaceful scientific and technological fields - such as energy transportation, acceleration of charged particles, plasma heating, laser pumping, high-resolution radar, modification of materials, etc. Of course, they were carried out research and towards military applications. Initially, VMGs were used in nuclear weapons for neutron detonation systems. But there were also ideas of using the “Sakharov generator” as an independent weapon.

But before we talk about the use of EMP weapons, it should be said that the Soviet Army was preparing to fight in conditions of the use of nuclear weapons. That is, under the conditions of the EMR damaging factor acting on the equipment. Therefore all military equipment was developed taking into account protection from this damaging factor. The methods are different - from the simplest shielding and grounding of metal equipment casings to the use of special safety devices, arresters and EMI-resistant equipment architecture.

So it’s also not worth saying that there is no protection from this “miracle weapon”. And the range of action of EMP ammunition is not as large as in the American press - the radiation spreads in all directions from the charge, and its power density decreases in proportion to the square of the distance. Accordingly, the impact decreases. Of course, it is difficult to protect equipment near the detonation point. But there is no need to talk about an effective impact on kilometers - for enough powerful ammunition it will be tens of meters (which, however, is greater than the destruction zone of high-explosive ammunition of the same size). Here the advantage of such a weapon - it does not require a precise hit - turns into a disadvantage.

Since the time of the “Sakharov generator”, such devices have been constantly improved. Many organizations were involved in their development: Institute high temperatures USSR Academy of Sciences, TsNIIKhM, MVTU, VNIIEF and many others. The devices have become compact enough to become combat units of weapons (from tactical missiles and artillery shells to sabotage means). Their characteristics improved. In addition to explosives, rocket fuel began to be used as a source of primary energy. EMGs began to be used as one of the cascades for pumping microwave generators. Despite limited opportunities in terms of hitting targets, these weapons occupy an intermediate position between fire weapons and electronic suppression weapons (which, in fact, are also electromagnetic weapons).

Little is known about specific specimens. For example, Alexander Borisovich Prishchepenko describes successful experiments in disrupting an attack by P-15 anti-ship missiles by detonating compact VMGs at distances of up to 30 meters from the missile. This is, rather, a means of EMP protection. He also describes the “blinding” of magnetic fuses of anti-tank mines, which, being at a distance of up to 50 meters from the place where the VMG was detonated, stopped working for a considerable time.

Not only “bombs” were tested as EMP ammunition - rocket-propelled grenades for blinding complexes active protection(KAZ) tanks! The RPG-30 anti-tank grenade launcher has two barrels: one main, the other small in diameter. A 42-mm Atropus rocket, equipped with an electromagnetic warhead, is fired in the direction of the tank slightly earlier than the cumulative grenade. Having blinded the KAZ, she allows the latter to calmly fly past the “thoughtful” defense.

Digressing a little, I will say that this is a fairly current trend. We came up with the KAZ (“Drozd” was also installed on the T-55AD). Later, Arena and the Ukrainian Zaslon appeared. By scanning the space surrounding the vehicle (usually in the millimeter range), they fire small destructive elements in the direction of approaching anti-tank grenades, missiles and even shells that can change their trajectory or lead to premature detonation. With an eye on our developments, in the West, in Israel and South-East Asia The following complexes also began to appear: “Trophy”, “Iron Fist”, “EFA”, “KAPS”, “LEDS-150”, “AMAP ADS”, “CICS”, “SLID” and others. Now they are becoming widespread and are beginning to be routinely installed not only on tanks, but even on light armored vehicles. Countering them is becoming an integral part of the fight against armored vehicles and protected objects. And compact electromagnetic devices are ideally suited for this purpose.

But let's return to electromagnetic weapons. In addition to explosive magnetic devices, there are directional and omnidirectional EMR emitters that use various antenna devices as the radiating part. These are no longer disposable devices. They can be used over a considerable distance. They are divided into stationary, mobile and compact portable. Powerful stationary high-energy EMR emitters require the construction of special structures, high-voltage generator sets, and antenna devices large sizes. But their possibilities are very significant. Mobile emitters of ultra-short EMR with a maximum repetition frequency of up to 1 kHz can be placed in vans or trailers. They also have a significant range and sufficient power for their tasks. Portable devices are most often used for a variety of security, communications, reconnaissance and explosives missions over short distances.

About the possibilities of domestic mobile installations can be judged by the export version of the Ranets-E complex presented at the LIMA-2001 arms exhibition in Malaysia. It is made on the MAZ-543 chassis, has a mass of about 5 tons, ensures guaranteed destruction of the electronics of a ground target, aircraft or guided munition at ranges of up to 14 kilometers and disruption of its operation at a distance of up to 40 km.

Among the unclassified developments, MNIRTI products are also known - “Sniper-M” “I-140/64” and “Gigawatt”, made on the basis of car trailers. They are, in particular, used to test means of protecting radio engineering and digital systems for military, special and civilian purposes from damage by EMP.

A little more should be said about electronic countermeasures. Moreover, they also belong to radio frequency electromagnetic weapons. This is so as not to create the impression that we are somehow incapable of fighting precision weapons and “almighty drones and combat robots.” All these fashionable and expensive things have a very weak point - electronics. Even relatively simple means can reliably block GPS signals and radio fuses, which these systems cannot do without.

VNII "Gradient" serially produces a station for jamming radio fuses of projectiles and missiles SPR-2 "Rtut-B", made on the basis of armored personnel carriers and standardly in service. Similar devices are produced by Minsk KB RADAR. And since up to 80% of Western field artillery shells, mines and unguided rockets, and almost all high-precision ammunition are now equipped with radio fuses, these fairly simple means make it possible to protect troops from destruction, including directly in the zone of contact with the enemy.

The Sozvezdie concern produces a series of small-sized (portable, transportable, autonomous) jammers of the RP-377 series. With their help, you can jam GPS signals, and in a stand-alone version, equipped with power supplies, you can also place transmitters over a certain area, limited only by the number of transmitters.

An export version of a more powerful system for suppressing GPS and weapon control channels is now being prepared. It is already a system of object and area protection against high-precision weapons. It is built according to a modular principle, which allows you to vary the area and objects of protection. When it is shown, every self-respecting Bedouin will be able to protect his settlement from “high-precision methods of democratization.”

Well, returning to the new physical principles of weapons, one cannot help but recall the developments of NIIRP (now a division of the Almaz-Antey air defense concern) and the Physico-Technical Institute named after. Ioffe. While studying the impact of powerful microwave radiation from the ground on air objects (targets), specialists from these institutions unexpectedly received local plasma formations, which were obtained at the intersection of radiation flows from several sources. Upon contact with these formations, air targets underwent enormous dynamic overloads and were destroyed.

The coordinated operation of microwave radiation sources made it possible to quickly change the focusing point, that is, to retarget at enormous speed or to track objects of almost any aerodynamic characteristics. Experiments have shown that the impact is effective even against ICBM warheads. In fact, these are no longer even microwave weapons, but combat plasmoids.

Unfortunately, when in 1993 a team of authors presented a draft air defense/missile defense system based on these principles for consideration by the state, Boris Yeltsin immediately proposed joint development to the American president. And although cooperation on the project (thank God!) did not take place, perhaps this is what prompted the Americans to create the HAARP (High Freguencu Active Auroral Research Program) complex in Alaska.

The research carried out on it since 1997 is declaratively of a “purely peaceful nature.” However, I personally do not see any civil logic in research into the effects of microwave radiation on the Earth’s ionosphere and airborne objects. We can only hope for the traditional American history of failed large-scale projects.

Well, we should be glad that to the traditionally strong position in the field of fundamental research, the state’s interest in weapons based on new physical principles has been added. Programs on it are now a priority.

In the first case, a magnetic field is used as an alternative to explosives in firearms. In the second, the ability to induce currents is used high voltage and disabling electrical and electronic equipment as a result of the resulting overvoltage, or causing pain or other effects in humans. Weapons of the second type are positioned as safe for people and used to disable enemy equipment or render enemy manpower incapacitated; belongs to the category of non-lethal weapons.

The French shipbuilding company DCNS is developing the Advansea program, during which it is planned to create a fully electrified surface combat ship with laser and electromagnetic weapons by 2025.

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See what “Electromagnetic weapons” are in other dictionaries:

ELECTROMAGNETIC WEAPONS- (microwave weapon), a powerful electronic pulse covering an area within a radius of 50 km from the center of application. Penetrates into buildings through seams and cracks in the finishing. Damages key elements electrical diagrams, bringing the entire system into... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

ELECTROMAGNETIC WEAPONS- ELECTROMAGNETIC (MICROWAVE) WEAPONS a powerful electronic pulse that covers an area within a radius of 50 km from the center of application. Penetrates into buildings through seams and cracks in the finishing. Damages key elements of electrical circuits, causing the entire... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

ELECTROMAGNETIC WEAPONS- weapon, damaging factor to which is a powerful, usually pulsed, flow of electricity. mag. radio frequency waves (see Microwave weapons), coherent optical. (see Laser weapons) and incoherent optical. (cm.… … Encyclopedia of the Strategic Missile Forces

Directed energy weapon- (English Directed energy weapon, DEW) a weapon that emits energy in a given direction without the use of wires, darts and other conductors, to achieve a lethal or non-lethal effect. This type of weapon exists, but... ... Wikipedia

Non-lethal weapons- Weapons of non-lethal (non-lethal) action (OND), conventionally called “humane” in the media, these weapons are designed to destroy equipment, as well as temporarily incapacitate enemy personnel, without causing... ... Wikipedia

Weapons based on new physical principles- (unconventional weapons) new types of weapons, lethal effect which is based on processes and phenomena that have not previously been used in weapons. By the end of the 20th century. genetic weapons were in various stages of research and development,... ...

- (non-lethal) special types of weapons capable of briefly or for a long period of time depriving the enemy of the ability to conduct fighting without causing him irreparable losses. Intended for cases where the use of conventional weapons... ... Dictionary of emergency situations

NON-LETHAL WEAPONS- special types of weapons capable of short-term or long-term deprivation of the enemy’s ability to conduct combat operations without causing him irreparable losses. Intended for those cases when the use of conventional weapons, and even more so... ... Legal encyclopedia

Weapon- This term has other meanings, see Weapons ... Wikipedia

Non-lethal weapons- Experimental laser weapon (PHASR), which temporarily blinds the enemy. Non-lethal weapon, or non-lethal weapon (NLE) weapon, which when normal use should not result in death or serious injury to... ... Wikipedia

Used directly to hit a target.

In the first case, a magnetic field is used as an alternative to explosives in firearms. The second uses the ability to induce high voltage currents and disable electrical and electronic equipment as a result of the resulting overvoltage, or cause pain or other effects in humans. Weapons of the second type are positioned as safe for people and used to disable enemy equipment or render enemy manpower incapacitated; belongs to the category of non-lethal weapons.

The French shipbuilding company DCNS is developing the Advansea program, during which it is planned to create a fully electrified surface combat ship with laser and electromagnetic weapons by 2025.

Types of electromagnetic weapons

Defeat missiles and precision-guided munitions with EMP weapons

• anti-radar missiles with their own radar search radars;
• 2nd generation ATGM with control via unshielded wire (TOW or Bassoon);
• rockets with their own active radars search for armored vehicles (Brimstone, JAGM, AGM-114L Longbow Hellfire);
• radio-controlled missiles (TOW Aero, Chrysanthemum);
• precision bombs with simple GPS navigation receivers;
• glide munitions with their own radars (SADARM).

Using an electromagnetic pulse against the rocket's electronics behind its metal casing is ineffective. The impact is possible mainly on the homing head, which can be great mainly for missiles with their own radar as such.

Electromagnetic weapons used to destroy missiles in the Afghanit active defense complex from the Armata tank platform and the Ranets-E combat EMP generator.

Defeat guerrilla wars with EMP weapons

EMPs are effective against means of guerrilla warfare because consumer electronics has no EMP protection.

The most typical objects of EMR damage:

• radio mines and mines with electronic fuses, including traditional amateur radio devices for terrorist and sabotage actions;
• portable infantry radio communication devices unprotected from EMP;
• household radios, cell phones, tablets, laptops, electronic hunting scopes and similar electronic household appliances.

Weapon EMP protection

There are many effective means of protecting radars and electronics from EMP weapons.

Measures apply in three categories:

1. blocking the entry of part of the electromagnetic pulse energy
2. suppression of induced currents inside electrical circuits by quickly disconnecting them
3. use of electronic devices insensitive to EMR

Means for relieving some or all of the EMR energy at the entrance to the device

As a means of protection against EMR, AFAR radars are equipped with “Faraday cages” that cut off EMR outside their frequencies. For internal electronics, simply iron screens are used.

In addition, a spark gap can be used as a means of discharging energy immediately behind the antenna.

Means for breaking circuits in the event of strong induced currents

To open the circuits of internal electronics when strong induction currents from EMR occur, use

• Zener diodes are semiconductor diodes designed to operate in breakdown mode with a sharp increase in resistance;

At one time, such a device as the Gauss rifle became widespread among science fiction writers and computer game developers. It is often used by invincible heroes in novels, and it is what is usually used in computer games. However, in fact, the Gauss rifle found practically no use in modern world, and this is mainly due to the features of its design.

The fact is that the operation of such a rifle is based on the principle of mass acceleration based on a traveling magnetic field. To do this, use a solenoid in which the rifle barrel is placed, and it must be made of dielectric. The Gauss rifle only uses projectiles made from ferromagnets. Thus, when current is applied to the solenoid, it appears in it, which attracts the projectile inward. In this case, the impulse must be very powerful and short-lived (in order to “accelerate” the projectile and at the same time not slow it down inside the solenoid).

This principle of operation gives the model advantages that are not available for many other types. small arms. It does not require cartridge cases, has low recoil, which is equal to the momentum of the ejected projectile, and has a great potential for silent shooting (if there are sufficiently streamlined projectiles, starting speed which will not exceed. Moreover, such a rifle makes it possible to fire in almost any conditions (as they say, even in outer space).

And, of course, many “craftsmen” appreciate the fact that a Gauss rifle with their own hands at home can easily be assembled from virtually nothing.

However, some design features and the principles of operation that are characteristic of a product such as a Gauss rifle also have negative sides. The most important of them is low efficiency, which uses from 1 to 10 percent of the energy transferred by the capacitor to the solenoid. However, multiple attempts to correct this shortcoming did not bring any significant results, but only increased the efficiency of the model to 27%. All other disadvantages that the Gauss rifle has stem precisely from its low efficiency. Rifle requires a large number of energy for efficient operation, it also has a bulky appearance, large dimensions and weight, and the recharging process is quite long.

It turns out that the disadvantages of such a Gauss rifle cover up most of its advantages. Perhaps, with the invention of superconductors, which can be classified as high-temperature, and the advent of compact and powerful power sources, these weapons will once again attract the attention of scientists and the military. Although most practitioners believe that by this time there will be other types of weapons that are much superior to the Gauss rifle.



The only area of ​​application of this type of weapon that is already profitable in our time is space programs. The governments of most spacefaring nations planned to use the Gauss rifle for installation on space shuttles or satellites.

When people talk about electromagnetic weapons, they most often mean the destruction of electrical and electronic equipment by directing electromagnetic pulses (EMP) at it. Indeed, the currents and voltages that arise as a result of a powerful impulse in electronic circuits lead to its failure. And the greater its power, the greater the distance at which any “signs of civilization” become unusable.


One of the most powerful sources of EMP is nuclear weapons. For example, a US nuclear test in the Pacific Ocean in 1958 caused disruption to radio and television broadcasts and lighting in Hawaii and disrupted radio navigation for 18 hours in Australia. In 1962, when at an altitude of 400 km. The Americans detonated a 1.9 Mt charge – 9 satellites “died”, radio communications were lost for a long time over a vast area of ​​the Pacific Ocean. Therefore, an electromagnetic pulse is one of the damaging factors of nuclear weapons.

But nuclear weapons are only applicable in a global conflict, and EMP capabilities are very useful in more applied military affairs. Therefore, non-nuclear means of destroying EMP began to be designed almost immediately after nuclear weapons.

Of course, EMP generators have been around for a long time. But creating a sufficiently powerful (and therefore “long-range”) generator is not so easy technically. After all, in essence, it is a device that converts electrical or other energy into high-power electromagnetic radiation. And if a nuclear weapon has no problems with primary energy, then if electricity is used together with power sources (voltage), it will be more of a structure than a weapon. Unlike a nuclear charge, delivering it “at the right time, in the right place” is more problematic.

And in the early 90s, reports began to appear about non-nuclear “electromagnetic bombs” (E-Bomb). As always, the source was the Western press, and the reason was the American operation against Iraq in 1991. The “new secret superweapon” was indeed used to suppress and disable Iraqi air defense and communications systems.

However, in our country such weapons were offered by academician Andrei Sakharov back in the 1950s (even before he became a “peacemaker”). By the way, at the peak of his creative activity (which did not occur during the period of dissidence, as many people think), he had a lot of original ideas. For example, during the war years he was one of the creators of an original and reliable device for monitoring armor-piercing cores at a cartridge factory.

And in the early 50s, he proposed “washing away” the eastern coast of the United States with a giant tsunami wave, which could be initiated by a series of powerful sea nuclear explosions at a considerable distance from the coast. True, the command of the Navy, having seen the “nuclear torpedo” made for this purpose, flatly refused to accept it for service for reasons of humanism - and even yelled at the scientist with a multi-deck foul language. Compared to this idea, the electromagnetic bomb is truly a “humane weapon.”

In the non-nuclear munition proposed by Sakharov, a powerful EMP was formed as a result of compression of the magnetic field of the solenoid by the explosion of a conventional explosive. Due to the high chemical energy density in the explosive, this eliminated the need to use an electrical energy source for conversion to EMP. In addition, in this way it was possible to obtain a powerful EMP. True, this also made the device disposable, since it was destroyed by the initiating explosion. In our country, this type of device began to be called an explosive magnetic generator (EMG).

Actually, the Americans and the British came up with this same idea in the late 70s, as a result of which the ammunition that was tested in combat in 1991 appeared. So there is nothing “new” or “super-secret” in this type of technology.

In our country (and the Soviet Union occupied a leading position in the field of physical research), such devices found application in purely peaceful scientific and technological fields - such as energy transportation, acceleration of charged particles, plasma heating, laser pumping, high-resolution radar, modification of materials, etc. etc. Of course, research was also carried out in the direction of military use. Initially, VMGs were used in nuclear weapons for neutron detonation systems. But there were also ideas of using the “Sakharov generator” as an independent weapon.

But before we talk about the use of EMP weapons, it should be said that the Soviet Army was preparing to fight in conditions of the use of nuclear weapons. That is, under the conditions of the EMR damaging factor acting on the equipment. Therefore, all military equipment was developed taking into account protection from this damaging factor. The methods are different - from the simplest shielding and grounding of metal equipment casings to the use of special safety devices, arresters and EMI-resistant equipment architecture.

So it’s also not worth saying that there is no protection from this “miracle weapon”. And the range of action of EMP ammunition is not as large as in the American press - the radiation spreads in all directions from the charge, and its power density decreases in proportion to the square of the distance. Accordingly, the impact decreases. Of course, it is difficult to protect equipment near the detonation point. But there is no need to talk about an effective impact over kilometers - for sufficiently powerful ammunition it will be tens of meters (which, however, is greater than the affected area of ​​high-explosive ammunition of the same size). Here the advantage of such a weapon - it does not require a precise hit - turns into a disadvantage.

Since the time of the “Sakharov generator”, such devices have been constantly improved. Many organizations were involved in their development: Institute of High Temperatures of the USSR Academy of Sciences, TsNIIKhM, MVTU, VNIIEF and many others. The devices have become compact enough to become combat units of weapons (from tactical missiles and artillery shells to sabotage weapons). Their characteristics improved. In addition to explosives, rocket fuel began to be used as a source of primary energy. EMGs began to be used as one of the cascades for pumping microwave generators. Despite their limited capabilities for hitting targets, these weapons occupy an intermediate position between fire weapons and electronic suppression weapons (which, in fact, are also electromagnetic weapons).

Little is known about specific specimens. For example, Alexander Borisovich Prishchepenko describes successful experiments in disrupting an attack by P-15 anti-ship missiles by detonating compact VMGs at distances of up to 30 meters from the missile. This is, rather, a means of EMP protection. He also describes the “blinding” of magnetic fuses of anti-tank mines, which, being at a distance of up to 50 meters from the place where the VMG was detonated, stopped working for a considerable time.

Not only “bombs” were tested as EMP ammunition - rocket-propelled grenades to blind the active protection systems (APS) of tanks! The RPG-30 anti-tank grenade launcher has two barrels: one main, the other small in diameter. A 42-mm Atropus rocket, equipped with an electromagnetic warhead, is fired in the direction of the tank slightly earlier than the cumulative grenade. Having blinded the KAZ, she allows the latter to calmly fly past the “thoughtful” defense.

Digressing a little, I will say that this is a fairly current trend. We came up with the KAZ (“Drozd” was also installed on the T-55AD). Later, Arena and the Ukrainian Zaslon appeared. By scanning the space surrounding the vehicle (usually in the millimeter range), they fire small destructive elements in the direction of approaching anti-tank grenades, missiles and even shells that can change their trajectory or lead to premature detonation. With an eye on our developments, the following complexes also began to appear in the West, Israel and Southeast Asia: “Trophy”, “Iron Fist”, “EFA”, “KAPS”, “LEDS-150”, “AMAP ADS”, "CICS", "SLID" and others. Now they are becoming widespread and are beginning to be routinely installed not only on tanks, but even on light armored vehicles. Countering them is becoming an integral part of the fight against armored vehicles and protected objects. And compact electromagnetic devices are ideally suited for this purpose.

But let's return to electromagnetic weapons. In addition to explosive magnetic devices, there are directional and omnidirectional EMR emitters that use various antenna devices as the radiating part. These are no longer disposable devices. They can be used over a considerable distance. They are divided into stationary, mobile and compact portable. Powerful stationary high-energy EMR emitters require the construction of special structures, high-voltage generator sets, and large antenna devices. But their possibilities are very significant. Mobile emitters of ultra-short EMR with a maximum repetition frequency of up to 1 kHz can be placed in vans or trailers. They also have a significant range and sufficient power for their tasks. Portable devices are most often used for a variety of security, communications, reconnaissance and explosives missions over short distances.

The capabilities of domestic mobile systems can be judged by the export version of the Ranets-E complex presented at the LIMA-2001 arms exhibition in Malaysia. It is made on the MAZ-543 chassis, has a mass of about 5 tons, ensures guaranteed destruction of the electronics of a ground target, aircraft or guided munition at ranges of up to 14 kilometers and disruption of its operation at a distance of up to 40 km.

Among the unclassified developments, MNIRTI products are also known - “Sniper-M” “I-140/64” and “Gigawatt”, made on the basis of car trailers. They are, in particular, used to test means of protecting radio engineering and digital systems for military, special and civilian purposes from damage by EMP.

A little more should be said about electronic countermeasures. Moreover, they also belong to radio frequency electromagnetic weapons. This is so as not to create the impression that we are somehow unable to fight high-precision weapons and “almighty drones and combat robots.” All these fashionable and expensive things have a very weak point - electronics. Even relatively simple means can reliably block GPS signals and radio fuses, which these systems cannot do without.

VNII "Gradient" serially produces a station for jamming radio fuses of projectiles and missiles SPR-2 "Rtut-B", made on the basis of armored personnel carriers and standardly in service. Similar devices are produced by Minsk KB RADAR. And since up to 80% of Western field artillery shells, mines and unguided rockets, and almost all high-precision ammunition are now equipped with radio fuses, these fairly simple means make it possible to protect troops from destruction, including directly in the zone of contact with the enemy.

The Sozvezdie concern produces a series of small-sized (portable, transportable, autonomous) jammers of the RP-377 series. With their help, you can jam GPS signals, and in a stand-alone version, equipped with power supplies, you can also place transmitters over a certain area, limited only by the number of transmitters.

An export version of a more powerful system for suppressing GPS and weapon control channels is now being prepared. It is already a system of object and area protection against high-precision weapons. It is built according to a modular principle, which allows you to vary the area and objects of protection. When it is shown, every self-respecting Bedouin will be able to protect his settlement from “high-precision methods of democratization.”

Well, returning to the new physical principles of weapons, one cannot help but recall the developments of NIIRP (now a division of the Almaz-Antey air defense concern) and the Physico-Technical Institute named after. Ioffe. While studying the impact of powerful microwave radiation from the ground on air objects (targets), specialists from these institutions unexpectedly received local plasma formations, which were obtained at the intersection of radiation flows from several sources. Upon contact with these formations, air targets underwent enormous dynamic overloads and were destroyed.

The coordinated operation of microwave radiation sources made it possible to quickly change the focusing point, that is, to retarget at enormous speed or to track objects of almost any aerodynamic characteristics. Experiments have shown that the impact is effective even against ICBM warheads. In fact, these are no longer even microwave weapons, but combat plasmoids.

Unfortunately, when in 1993 a team of authors presented a draft air defense/missile defense system based on these principles for consideration by the state, Boris Yeltsin immediately proposed joint development to the American president. And although cooperation on the project (thank God!) did not take place, perhaps this is what prompted the Americans to create the HAARP (High Freguencu Active Auroral Research Program) complex in Alaska.

The research carried out on it since 1997 is declaratively of a “purely peaceful nature.” However, I personally do not see any civil logic in research into the effects of microwave radiation on the Earth’s ionosphere and airborne objects. We can only hope for the traditional American history of failed large-scale projects.

Well, we should be glad that to the traditionally strong position in the field of fundamental research, the state’s interest in weapons based on new physical principles has been added. Programs on it are now a priority.






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Russia, as recognized by the US and NATO military, today is far ahead of all other armies in the world in terms of the quality of weapons.

Electromagnetic weapons: where the Russian army is ahead of its competitors

Pulse electromagnetic weapons, or so-called. “jammers” is a real type of weapon of the Russian army, already undergoing testing. The US and Israel are also conducting successful developments in this area, however, they relied on the use of EMP systems to generate the kinetic energy of a warhead.

We took the path of direct damage and created prototypes of several combat systems at once - for the ground forces, air force and navy. According to experts working on the project, the development of the technology has already passed the stage of field testing, but now work is underway to correct errors and try to increase the power, accuracy and range of radiation.

Today is our "Alabuga", exploding at an altitude of 200-300 meters, is capable of turning off all electronic equipment within a radius of 3.5 km and leaving a military unit of the battalion/regiment scale without communications, control, or fire guidance, while turning all the enemy’s available equipment into a pile of useless scrap metal. Apart from surrendering and handing over heavy weapons to the advancing units of the Russian army as trophies, there are essentially no options left.

Electronics jammer

The advantages of such a “non-lethal” defeat are obvious - the enemy will only have to surrender, and the equipment can be received as a trophy. The only problem is the effective means of delivering this charge - it has a relatively large mass and the missile must be quite large, and, as a result, very vulnerable to destruction by air defense/missile defense systems,” the expert explained.

Interesting are the developments of NIIRP (now a division of the Almaz-Antey air defense concern) and the Physico-Technical Institute named after. Ioffe. While studying the impact of powerful microwave radiation from the ground on airborne objects (targets), specialists from these institutions unexpectedly received local plasma formations, which were obtained at the intersection of radiation fluxes from several sources.

Upon contact with these formations, air targets underwent enormous dynamic overloads and were destroyed. The coordinated operation of microwave radiation sources made it possible to quickly change the focusing point, that is, to retarget at enormous speed or to accompany objects of almost any aerodynamic characteristics. Experiments have shown that the impact is effective even against ICBM warheads. In fact, this is no longer even a microwave weapon, but combat plasmoids.

Unfortunately, when in 1993 a team of authors submitted a draft air defense/missile defense system based on these principles to the state for consideration, Boris Yeltsin immediately proposed joint development to the American president. And although cooperation on the project did not take place, perhaps this is what prompted the Americans to create a complex in Alaska HAARP (High freguencu Active Auroral Research Program)– a research project to study the ionosphere and auroras. Note that for some reason that peaceful project has agency funding DARPA Pentagon.

Already entering service with the Russian army

To understand what place the topic of electronic warfare occupies in the military-technical strategy of the Russian military department, just look at the State Armament Program until 2020. From 21 trillion. rubles of the general budget of the State Program, 3.2 trillion. (about 15%) is planned to be used for the development and production of attack and defense systems using sources of electromagnetic radiation. For comparison, in the Pentagon budget, according to experts, this share is much smaller - up to 10%.

Now let's look at what can already be “touched”, i.e. those products that have reached series production and entered service over the past few years.

Mobile electronic warfare systems "Krasukha-4" suppress spy satellites, ground-based radars and AWACS aircraft systems, completely block radar detection at 150-300 km, and can also cause radar damage to enemy electronic warfare and communications equipment. The operation of the complex is based on creating powerful interference at the main frequencies of radars and other radio-emitting sources. Manufacturer: JSC Bryansk Electromechanical Plant (BEMZ).

Sea-based electronic warfare system TK-25E provides effective protection for ships of various classes. The complex is designed to provide radio-electronic protection of an object from air- and ship-based radio-controlled weapons by creating active jamming. It is possible to interface the complex with various systems protected object, such as a navigation complex, radar station, automated system combat control. The TK-25E equipment provides the creation of various types of interference with a spectrum width from 64 to 2000 MHz, as well as pulsed misinforming and imitation interference using signal copies. The complex is capable of simultaneously analyzing up to 256 targets. Equipping the protected object with the TK-25E complex reduces the likelihood of his defeat by three or more times.

Multifunctional complex "Mercury-BM" developed and produced at KRET enterprises since 2011 and is one of the most modern systems EW. The main purpose of the station is to protect manpower and equipment from single and volley fire artillery ammunition equipped with radio fuses. Developer: OJSC All-Russian "Gradient"(VNII "Gradient"). Similar devices are produced by Minsk KB RADAR. Note that radio fuses are now equipped with up to 80% Western field artillery shells, mines and unguided rockets and almost all precision-guided ammunition, these fairly simple means can protect troops from destruction, including directly in the zone of contact with the enemy.

Concern "Constellation" produces a series of small-sized (portable, transportable, autonomous) interference transmitters of the series RP-377. They can be used to jam signals GPS, and in a stand-alone version, equipped with power supplies, also placing transmitters in a certain area, limited only by the number of transmitters.

An export version of a more powerful suppression system is now being prepared GPS and weapon control channels. It is already a system of object and area protection against high-precision weapons. It is built according to a modular principle, which allows you to vary the area and objects of protection.

Among the unclassified developments, MNIRTI products are also known - "Sniper-M""I-140/64" And "Gigawatt", made on the basis of car trailers. They are, in particular, used to test means of protecting radio engineering and digital systems for military, special and civilian purposes from damage by EMP.

Educational program

The element base of RES is very sensitive to energy overloads, and a flow of electromagnetic energy of a sufficiently high density can burn out semiconductor junctions, completely or partially disrupting their normal functioning.

Low-frequency EMF creates electromagnetic pulse radiation at frequencies below 1 MHz, high-frequency EMF is affected by microwave radiation - both pulsed and continuous. Low-frequency EMF affects the object through interference to the wired infrastructure, including telephone lines, external power cables, data supply and removal. High-frequency EMF directly penetrates into the radio-electronic equipment of an object through its antenna system.

In addition to affecting the enemy's electronic resources, high-frequency electromagnetic radiation can also affect the skin and internal organs of a person. At the same time, as a result of their heating in the body, chromosomal and genetic changes, activation and deactivation of viruses, transformation of immunological and behavioral reactions are possible.

Used directly to hit a target.

In the first case, a magnetic field is used as an alternative to explosives in firearms. The second uses the ability to induce high voltage currents and disable electrical and electronic equipment as a result of the resulting overvoltage, or cause pain or other effects in humans. Weapons of the second type are positioned as safe for people and used to disable enemy equipment or render enemy manpower incapacitated; belongs to the category of non-lethal weapons.

The French shipbuilding company DCNS is developing the Advansea program, during which it is planned to create a fully electrified surface combat ship with laser and electromagnetic weapons by 2025.

Classification

Electromagnetic weapons are classified according to the following criteria:

• use of a projectile or direct use of energy to hit a target for the second type
• lethality of human exposure
• focus on defeating manpower or equipment

Hitting a target with radiation

• Microwave gun
• An electromagnetic bomb using a UVI, VMGCH, or PGCH in its warhead.

see also

• Electromagnetic accelerator

Links

• A super-powerful electromagnetic gun has been tested, cnews.ru, 02/01/08



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See what “Electromagnetic weapons” are in other dictionaries:

- (microwave weapon), a powerful electronic pulse covering an area within a radius of 50 km from the center of application. Penetrates into buildings through seams and cracks in the finishing. Damages key elements of electrical circuits, bringing the entire system into... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

ELECTROMAGNETIC (MICROWAVE) WEAPONS a powerful electronic pulse that covers an area within a radius of 50 km from the center of application. Penetrates into buildings through seams and cracks in the finishing. Damages key elements of electrical circuits, causing the entire... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

ELECTROMAGNETIC WEAPONS- a weapon whose damaging factor is a powerful, usually pulsed, flow of electricity. mag. radio frequency waves (see Microwave weapons), coherent optical. (see Laser weapons) and incoherent optical. (cm.… … Encyclopedia of the Strategic Missile Forces

- (English Directed energy weapon, DEW) a weapon that emits energy in a given direction without the use of wires, darts and other conductors, to achieve a lethal or non-lethal effect. This type of weapon exists, but... ... Wikipedia

Weapons of non-lethal (non-lethal) action (OND), conventionally called “humane” in the media, these weapons are designed to destroy equipment, as well as temporarily incapacitate enemy personnel, without causing... ... Wikipedia

- (unconventional weapons) new types of weapons, the destructive effect of which is based on processes and phenomena that have not previously been used in weapons. By the end of the 20th century. genetic weapons were in various stages of research and development,... ...

- (non-lethal) special types of weapons capable of short-term or long-term deprivation of the enemy’s ability to conduct combat operations without causing him irreparable losses. Intended for cases where the use of conventional weapons... ... Dictionary of emergency situations

NON-LETHAL WEAPONS- special types of weapons capable of short-term or long-term deprivation of the enemy’s ability to conduct combat operations without causing him irreparable losses. Intended for those cases when the use of conventional weapons, and even more so... ... Legal encyclopedia

This term has other meanings, see Weapons ... Wikipedia

Russia is developing electronic munitions designed to disable enemy equipment using a powerful microwave pulse, an adviser to the first deputy general director recently reported. Such statements, often containing extremely scant information, look like something out of the realm of science fiction, but they are heard more and more often, and not by chance. Electromagnetic weapons are being intensively worked on in the United States and China, where they understand that promising remote control technologies will radically change the tactics and strategy of future wars. Is modern Russia capable of responding to such challenges?

Between the first and second

The use of electromagnetic weapons is considered part of an element of the US "third countervailing strategy", which involves the use of new technologies and control methods to achieve an advantage over the enemy. If the first two “compensation strategies” were implemented during Cold War exclusively as a response to the USSR, the third is directed mainly against China. The war of the future involves limited human participation, but it is planned to actively use drones. They are controlled remotely; it is precisely such control systems that electromagnetic weapons should disable.

When talking about electromagnetic weapons, we primarily mean technology based on powerful microwave radiation. It is assumed that it is capable of suppressing, up to complete incapacitation, electronic systems enemy. Depending on the tasks being solved, microwave emitters can be delivered on rockets or drones, installed on armored vehicles, aircraft or ships, and also be stationary. Electromagnetic weapons usually operate over a range of several tens of kilometers, hitting electronics in the entire space around the source or targets located in a relatively narrow cone.

In this understanding, electromagnetic weapons represent a further development of electronic warfare. The design of microwave radiation sources varies depending on the targets and methods used. Thus, the basis of electromagnetic bombs can be compact generators with explosive compression of the magnetic field or emitters with focusing electromagnetic radiation in a certain sector, and microwave emitters installed on large equipment, such as airplanes or tanks, operate on the basis of a laser crystal.

Let them talk

The first prototypes of electromagnetic weapons appeared in the 1950s in the USSR and the USA, but it was possible to begin producing compact and not very energy-consuming products only in the last twenty to thirty years. In fact, the United States started the race; Russia had no choice but to get involved in it.

Image: Boeing

In 2001, it became known that work was being done on one of the first examples of electromagnetic weapons of mass destruction: the American VMADS (Vehicle Mounted Active Denial System) system made it possible to heat a person’s skin to the pain threshold (approximately 45 degrees Celsius), thus actually disorienting the enemy. However, in the end, the main goal of advanced weapons is not people, but machines. In 2012, a missile with an electromagnetic bomb was tested in the United States as part of the CHAMP (Counter-electronics High Power Microwave Advanced Missile Project) project, and a year later a ground-based electronic drone suppression system was tested. In addition to these areas, laser weapons and railguns similar to electromagnetic weapons are being intensively developed in the United States.

Similar developments are underway in China, where they recently announced the creation of an array of SQUIDs (SQUID, Superconducting Quantum Interference Device, superconducting quantum interferometer), which makes it possible to detect submarines from a distance of about six kilometers, and not hundreds of meters, as with traditional methods. The US Navy experimented with single SQUID sensors rather than arrays of them for similar purposes, but the high noise level led to the abandonment of the promising technology in favor of traditional detection means, in particular sonar.

Russia

Russia already has samples of electromagnetic weapons. For example, the remote mine clearance vehicle (RMD) “Foliage” is an armored vehicle equipped with a radar for searching for mines, a microwave emitter for neutralizing the electronic filling of ammunition and a metal detector. This MDR, in particular, is intended to accompany vehicles of the Topol, Topol-M and Yars missile systems along the route. “Foliage” has been tested several times; in Russia, it is planned to put into service more than 150 of these vehicles by 2020.

The effectiveness of the system is limited, since it only neutralizes remotely controlled fuses (that is, with electronic filling). On the other hand, the explosive device detection function always remains. More complex systems, in particular "Afganit", are installed on modern Russian cars universal combat platform "Armata".

In recent years, more than ten electronic warfare systems have been developed in Russia, including Algurit, Rtut-BM and the Krasukha family, and the Borisoglebsk-2 and Moskva-1 stations have been created.

The Russian military is already supplied with aerodynamic targets with a built-in electronic warfare system capable of simulating a group missile attack, thereby disorienting enemy air defenses. In such missiles, instead of a warhead, special equipment is installed. Within three years they will be equipped with the Su-34 and Su-57.

“Today, all these developments have been transferred to the level of specific development projects for the creation of electromagnetic weapons: shells, bombs, missiles carrying a special explosive magnetic generator,” says Vladimir Mikheev, adviser to the first deputy general director of the Radioelectronic Technologies concern.

He clarified that in 2011-2012, under the code “Alabuga”, a set of scientific research was carried out, which made it possible to determine the main directions for the development of electronic weapons of the future. Similar developments, the adviser noted, are underway in other countries, in particular in the USA and China.

Ahead of the rest of the planet

Nevertheless, in the development of electromagnetic weapons, it is Russia that currently occupies, if not a leading, then one of the leading positions in the world. Experts are almost unanimous on this.



“We have such standard ammunition - for example, there are generators in the warheads of anti-aircraft missiles, and there are also rounds for hand-held anti-tank grenade launchers equipped with such generators. In this area, we are at the forefront in the world; as far as I know, similar ammunition is not yet supplied to foreign armies. In the USA and China, such equipment is now only at the testing stage,” notes the editor-in-chief, member of the expert council of the military-industrial complex board.

According to analyst Samuel Bendett from CNA (Center for Naval Analyses), Russia is leading in electronic warfare, and the United States has fallen far behind here over the past 20 years. The expert, speaking recently in Washington, D.C., to government officials and representatives of military-industrial circles, particularly noted the Russian RB-341V Leer-3 GSM communications suppression complex.