Winter is popularly called: Winter. Zimka, Zimochka, Zimushka, Zimonka, Zimishka (frail), Zimishcha (strict, long), Gray-haired Enchantress.

Winter includes three calendar months - December, January, February and is 90-91 days (in a leap year).

Winter comes from the northeast. According to the astronomical calendar, it begins in the northern hemisphere on the December solstice (December 22-23) and lasts until the March equinox (March 21-22).

Since ancient times, people have noted four important reference points of time - the winter and summer solstices Solstice - the moment in time at which the center of the Sun passes either through the northernmost point of the ecliptic, which has a declination of + 23 ° 27 "(point of the summer Solstice), or through its southernmost point , which has a declination - 23 ° 27 "(point of the winter Solstice).

Near the Solstice, the declination of the Sun changes very slowly, since at this point its movement along the ecliptic occurs almost parallel to the equator. This is the reason why the noon height of the Sun remains almost constant for several days, which is the reason for the term "Solstice". Due to the fact that the time interval between two successive passages of the Sun through the same point of the Solstice does not coincide with the duration of calendar years, the moments of the Solstice move from year to year relative to the beginning of the calendar day.

The moments of the Solstice occur in a simple year 5 hours 48 minutes 46 seconds later than in the previous one, and in a leap year - 18 hours 11 minutes 14 seconds earlier; therefore, the moments of the Solstice may fall on two adjacent calendar dates.

At present (2nd half of the 20th century), the Sun passes the point of the summer Solstice on June 21 or 22 (this moment is called the summer Solstice and is considered the beginning of astronomical summer in the Northern Hemisphere), and the point of the winter Solstice is on December 21 or 22 (the winter Solstice, the beginning astronomical winter in the northern hemisphere).

The longitude of the day in the Northern Hemisphere near the summer Solstice is the greatest, near the winter - the smallest. In the Southern Hemisphere at this time, respectively, the shortest and longest days are observed., Spring and autumnal equinoxes. The winter solstice is associated with the Christmas and New Year holidays, which are called winter holidays. Christmas is the birthday of Christ (January 7).

According to the phenological seasons of the year, winter includes 111 days from November 27 to March 17. Sub-seasons of winter:

In some calendars, the following names are indicated: Fore-Winter, Wilderness, Pre-Spring.

The folk calendar determines winter from frosts, and the end - drop by drop, taking as a basis the phenomena of wildlife. Therefore, the onset of winter is determined by a different period of time.

Meteorologists divide winter into two periods: mild and cold winters.

The cold mode is not established immediately. "Winter does not live without three winters." In the winter time - October, November - usually there are “fittings” of snow. "Winter without snow, summer without bread."

We have already mentioned the frosts characteristic of winter in the first section. But there are also thaws in winter. "Quick thaw - long frost."

Winter is characterized by a diamond stone, reflecting the transparency of ice, blinding sparks of snowflakes.

Winter scares summer, but it still melts. Winter builds summer. If it is warm in winter, it will be cold in summer. Winter is cold - summer is warm. Snowy winter - rainy summer. Winter is frosty - summer is hot. winter snow deep - in summer the bread is high. Winter will find everything that summer postponed. Winter without snow, summer without bread. In the winter cold - everyone is young. Frost and iron breaks and beats a bird on the fly. Winter wanders with bowed head, summer runs skipping. Lots of snow, lots of bread. The snow is deep - the bread is good. Clouds go against the wind - it will snow.

Frost is a harbinger of snow. Rapid thaw - there will be little rain in the summer. At the beginning of winter there was heavy snow, at the beginning of summer there will be heavy rain. Frost at night - no snow during the day. In winter there is a lot of frost - in summer there is a lot of dew. A snowstorm during the day portends frost at night. The ice is very cracking - it will be frost. snow flakes large - there will be a thaw. The ice has turned black, the forest is noisy - wait for the thaw.

Winter frolics not only in the forest, but on our nose. Winter day with a sparrow. In winter, the sun is like a stepmother: it shines, but it does not warm. In winter, I would eat a fungus, but the snow is deep. In winter, everyone loves a sheepskin coat. In winter, the day is dark, but the night is bright.” Russian house. (Universal set of calendars 1994 - 2000) - Nizhny Novgorod: Nizhny Novgorod, 1994, p.172-173.

Winter is dry and cold, summer is dry and hot. If there are blizzards in winter, bad weather in summer. Large frost throughout the winter - summer is hard on health. Snowy winter portends a good growth of grasses. The ring around the sun - to bad weather.

Stars shine strongly in winter - to frost. If the windows begin to sweat with double frames - to increased frost. If the forest makes noise in winter, expect a thaw. Cat on the stove - to the cold; cat on the floor - to heat. The bullfinch under the window chirps in winter - to the thaw. Sparrows chirp together - to the heat. Crows and jackdaws sit down at noon with their noses - to the heat, to the north - to the cold.
hold))))) UTB I came up with a catfish in 1 hour

Autumn is slowly giving way to winter. In the morning it is already very cold, in some places the first frost appears. During the day, the sun tries to warm the air, but, probably, it does not have enough strength. The frosty breath of winter is felt in everything.

During the night, clouds gathered in the sky, and in the morning, like fluff, the first light snowflakes fell from them. They whirled in a dance and covered the ground with a snow-white carpet. From this magical snowfall, my soul was both joyful and sad.

In the morning the sun came out, and the snow gradually began to melt. It always happens, because it's only the first snow!

It's still dark outside. You go out into the street - and immediately you feel the fresh frosty air, which at first pleasantly tickles, and then tingles your nose, cheeks and fingertips. Any state of nature has its own unique smell. Inhaling the smell of a frosty morning, ...

Winter morning. It is snowing, covering the ground with a white veil. Snowflakes look like white fluffy stars. The streets became cozy, as if someone had put everything in its place. This winter sorceress has dressed the whole city in a fabulous outfit. In contrast to this...

Winter is a wonderful time of the year. And especially good in the winter in the forest. It seems to us that peace and silence reign in the winter forest, but this is only at first glance. When the sun comes up, the whole forest is transformed and sparkles. Many forest inhabitants went into hibernation, and ...

Winter is the most magical and wonderful time of the year when everything comes true cherished dreams. At this time of the year, the trees are covered with white and fluffy snow, and huge snowdrifts are piled along the edges of the roads, in which it is very pleasant to lie or play king of the hill, ...

I, as always, swayed for a long time, but this time I would not want to miss my homework on the topic - “Winter in my life”, because this is my life - that is, winter. I do not want to say that winter - favorite time year (no such) or that winter ...

Popov N.V. The joy of a teacher. Phenological observations // Donskoy Vremennik. Year 2011. pp. 60-65. URL: http://www..aspx?art_id=715

PHENOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS.

literary sketches

Description of nature by seasons

Description of spring - March

It was March 1969. When the fine spring days came, I impatiently walked along the still viscous road to the country grove.

The grove greeted me with the melodious murmur of a stream, rapidly rushing towards a ravine lost in the thick of bushes and trees. The muddy stream, crashing into the polluted blockages of snow, exposed its lower clean layers, and in this snow-white rim it began to look surprisingly elegant.

In the depths of the grove, an open glade is full of joyful spring bustle. Wherever you look - everywhere on the melted snow in the rays bright sun silver streams gleam rhythmically. There are so many of them that it seems as if the earth itself moved towards them. The mirror-like surface of puddles generously scattered across the clearing shines festively. In some places, tiny islands of thawed black earth triumphantly rise above the melted snow.

And around the dark wall stands a silent forest. And in this gloomy frame, the cheerful glade sparkled even brighter.

See even more descriptions of March by tag#March

Description of spring - April

In the first half of April, dogwood is one of the first among the trees to bloom. All strewn with bouquets of golden yellow flowers, it burns like a night fire against the background of a dark, still bare garden. If at this time of spring from the window of a running train you see a bright yellow tree in a flashing garden, know that this is a dogwood blossom. Much more modest is the outfit of birch bark and elm that bloom a little later. Their thin branches with tufts of reddish anthers attract little attention of passers-by. And only hundreds of bees circling around the branches signal the height of flowering. The ash-leaved maple will soon bloom. Scattering branches and twigs far to the sides, he densely hung on them a green fringe of long pre-long stamens with brown anthers. Unsightly and this outfit, but the bees and cling to him. And not every beauty of gardens attracts as many winged admirers as an old maple tree. You walk past a buzzing tree and rejoice - spring!

For more descriptions of April, see the tag#April

Description of spring - May

May has come. And the calm watercolor colors of April were replaced by juicy, screaming strokes of the height of spring. This is the hottest time of the year for a phenologist, especially in hot, dry springs, when trees, shrubs, grass seem to stray from the age-old rhythm of the spring carnival and begin to dress randomly and hastily in expensive holiday clothes.

Golden currants are still burning furiously on the boulevards, the incessant rumble of bees is still standing over the jubilant cherries, and the fragrant bird cherry buds are just beginning to open, as a white flame on impatient pears shoots high into the sky. The fire immediately spread to the neighboring apple trees and they instantly flared up with a pale pink glow.

The hot dry wind blown the fire of spring even more strongly and it was as if a shower of flowers poured down on the ground. The horse chestnut, roughly pushing aside the beautiful lilac, arrogantly stepped forward with festive torches blazing brightly among the dark foliage. Stunned by unheard of impudence, the lilac managed to restore its shattered prestige only two days later, throwing thousands of luxurious white, cream, purple, purple bouquets to the envy of its neighbors.

For more descriptions of May, see the tag#May

Description of summer - June

At the beginning of June, the so-called “early summer” begins - the most intense, but also the most joyful, like a noisy holiday, time of the year, when concern for the growing offspring dominates all wildlife.

From morning to evening, the bird choir does not stop in the steppe, groves and gardens. Thousands of discordant singers take part in it, whistling, chirping, chirping, croaking, screeching and squeaking in every way. The air rings from loud and quiet, joyful and dreary, melodic and harsh sounds. Birds sing standing, sitting and flying, during rest and during the hottest time of their working day. The bird world is seized with such joyful excitement that the songs themselves break free.

Won swallow with early morning until late in the evening tirelessly cuts through the air in pursuit of midges for insatiable children. Here, it would seem, there is no time for songs. And yet the swallow, storming the sky, chirps something cheerful and carefree.

Remember how black swifts squeal with delight on the fly. Yes, what to say! It is enough to listen at this time on the expanse of the wall to the sonorous trills of larks full of happiness in order to feel the enthusiastic thrill of the steppe that engulfed it from edge to edge.

The bird choir is accompanied, as best they can, by field crickets, grasshoppers, bumblebees, bees, mosquitoes and mosquitoes, flies and flies and other countless insects chirping and buzzing.

And at night, from dawn to dusk, passionate serenades of nightingales rumble in the groves and, like an ugly echo, hundreds of frogs on the river respond to them. Having settled down in rows along the water's edge, they jealously try to shout down each other.

But this feast of nature would not have been a feast if plants had not taken the most ardent part in it. They made every effort to decorate the land as beautifully as possible. Thousands fled across the fields and meadows and turned into emerald carpets with intricate patterns from bright rims of all colors of the palette.

The air is filled with the aroma of wall herbs. White ships-clouds float high in the blue sky. The steppe feasts.

See even more descriptions of June by tag#June

Description of summer - July, August

The jubilant early summer quickly passes, and by the end of June the steppe begins to burn out. The most terrible months for herbs are coming - July, August. The sultry sun without fire and smoke almost completely incinerated the steppe vegetation. From the steppe breathed a lifeless semi-desert. Not a single encouraging green speck is visible.

But at the scorched steppe there are still preserved in some places the corners, full of unusual beauty. Over there, on a cliff, descending in steps to the river valley, some mysterious spots are whitening. But it's hard to guess what it is. Closer, closer, and a wonderful pale pink clearing opens up in front of you, completely overgrown with low bushes of yurei (head-headed). Widely stretched on the ledge of the slope, it smoothly falls to the valley. The incessant buzz of bees stands over thousands of pale pink bushes.

The glade is not large, but it stands out so strikingly and beautifully against the background of faded herbs that it absorbs all your attention and therefore seems huge and especially beautiful. The impression is that you are standing in the middle of a luxurious mountain meadow.

For more summer descriptions, see the tag#Summer

Description of autumn - October

October came, and with it the golden autumn, that autumn that asks for the artist's canvas, Levitan's - affectionate, thoughtfully sad, indescribably beautiful.

Autumn does not like the flashy colors of a stormy spring, the blinding daring sun, the furiously roaring thunderstorm. Autumn is all in subtle colors - soft, gentle, charming. She listens with quiet sadness to the rustle of falling leaves, the silence of the forest going to rest, the farewell cries of cranes in the high sky.

Shrubs give a lot of color to autumn landscapes. Various by appearance, autumn color and brightness, they fill the undergrowth and forest edges in a motley crowd. The gentle blush of currants and scarlet lashes of wild grapes, orange-red hawthorn and crimson svidina, flaming skumpia and blood-red barberry, skillfully woven into the compositions of autumn paintings, enrich them with a unique play of colors on their leaves.

On the edge of the forest stands a slender ash tree in a beautiful cloak of countless elusive golden-greenish halftones, radiating streams of calm light. Gilded openwork leaves are sharply minted on the dark bark of the trunk and branches, then, hanging in the still air, they seem translucent, somehow fiery and fabulous.

The high svidina, all engulfed by the autumn fire, having moved close to the ash tree, created an incomparable play of colors - gold and crimson. On the other side of the forest beauty, a short cotoneaster has skillfully decorated its leaves with pink, red and orange tones and halftones and scattered them in intricate patterns on thin branches.

This forest picture in kind is so good that, admiring it, you feel in your soul a feeling of wonderful music. Only on these unforgettable days of the year can one observe in nature such an extraordinary richness and harmony of colors, such a rich tonality, such subtle beauty penetrating all of nature, that not visiting a forest or a grove at this time means losing something very valuable and dear.

For more descriptions of autumn, see the tag#Autumn

Beautiful, fabulous description of nature in winter

Not a single season can compare in beauty and splendor with snow-white elegant winter: neither bright, cheerful, jubilant spring, nor summer, unhurried and dusty, nor enchanting autumn in farewell attire.

Snow fell, and such a fabulously wonderful world suddenly appeared outside the window, so much captivating beauty, poetry opened up in the street boulevards, squares and parks that you looked closely at, that it was impossible to sit in the room. I was irresistibly drawn to perceive with my own eyes the immense milky-white dome of the sky, and the myriads of playful snowflakes falling from the heights, and the newly revived trees and shrubs, and all the transformed nature.

Winter has no other brush than white. But look at the inimitable skill with which she wields this brush. Winter does not just sweep away the autumn slush or the ugly traces of a broken thaw. No, she, skillfully using the play of chiaroscuro, creates picturesque corners of the winter landscape everywhere, gives everything an unusual, artistic look.

In winter, elegant attire, one cannot recognize either a decrepit gnarled apricot, or a rickety dilapidated fence, or an ugly heap of garbage. In the place of a faceless lilac bush, such a wonderful creation of the mistress of winter suddenly appeared that you involuntarily slow down your steps in admiration for it. And really, you can’t immediately tell when the lilac is more charming - in May or now, in winter. Even yesterday, the boulevards, drearily wet in the rain, today, at the whim of winter, have become a festive decoration.

But the sorceress of winter, in addition to magical snowflakes, has one more invincible weapon in store for conquering human hearts - precious pearls of hoarfrost.

Billions of needles of hoarfrost turned modest squares into fabulous radiant halls that suddenly appeared at the crossroads of streets. In the hitherto gloomy blackened bare forests, the trees, throwing on fragile pearl clothes, stand like brides in wedding dresses. The restless wind, having flown on them, froze with delight on the spot.

Nothing moves in the air. Silence and silence. The Kingdom of the Fairytale Snow Maiden.

The days of February are running. And now it's March again. And again, seasonal pictures of nature that we have seen dozens of times before pass before our eyes. Boring? But nature does not stamp its creations according to the eternal pattern. One spring is never a copy of another, just like the rest of the seasons. This is the beauty of nature and the secret of its enchanting power.

The charm of pictures of nature is similar to the charm of immortal works of art: no matter how much we admire them, no matter how much we revel in their melodies, they do not lose their inspiring power.

The beauty of nature develops in us a noble sense of beauty, awakens creative imagination, without which a person is a soulless machine.

For more descriptions of winter, see the tag#Winter

Nature Conservation and School Local History

It remains to say a little about the protection of nature. Faithful guardian of nature - disinterested love for her. Schoolchildren's care of the school garden, floriculture, experimental work at school sites, at young naturalist stations - all this is not enough to instill in schoolchildren a loving, caring attitude towards nature, their native steppe, and the forest. In all such pursuits, there is a certain mercenary beginning. A schoolboy takes care of “his” tree with love and immediately breaks “someone else's”. The schoolgirl admires the richness of forms and colors in the gladioli and peonies she breeds and does not notice the wonderful clearings in nature.

In the fight for the preservation of native nature school local history may be one of the effective measures. The teacher, who has become close to nature, has an unselfish, careful attitude to her, unfeigned, without a shadow of any sentimentality, a manifestation of joyful emotions caused by the colors of many-sided nature, native landscapes, will involuntarily slip and be transmitted to schoolchildren on excursions, hikes and other similar cases. This will strengthen the ranks of faithful defenders of nature.

Finishing my story, I will note that I am not yet a decrepit, dissatisfied grumbler with everything. To the best of my ability, I continue to conduct phenological observations, I do not interrupt my scientific connection with the phenocentre (Leningrad), I try to follow the methodological literature, I give feedback on works sent occasionally, I write. In a word, I have not yet climbed onto a warm stove.

school phenology

I also invested a lot of time and effort in school phenology. Phenological observations provide less food for the creative search of the teacher than innovative work with visual aids, but they can also bring a lot of life-giving element into the work of the teacher.

In 1918, in connection with the collection of a herbarium, I began to conduct fragmentary phenological observations on plants and some animals. Having obtained some literature on phenology, I ordered my observations and continued them with some success.

In the spring of 1922, students of grades 5-6 of the railway school were involved in phenological observations by me. I made simple devices - a tenemeter and a goniometer, with the help of which the schoolchildren observed the apparent movement of the sun. A year later, our first wall charts appeared with a colorful image of the observed phenolic objects, the spring course of the sun and temperature. There were no methodological guidelines on school phenology in the literature of that time, and, of course, my undertaking had blunders and failures. And yet it was an interesting, exciting job. Phenological observations often posed before me questions, for the solution of which it was necessary to look sharply and thoughtfully at the phenomena of nature, to rummage through books, and then little secrets of nature were revealed.

Nothing escaped the keen eyes of schoolchildren either in early spring or in winter. So, on December 12, they noticed frogs swimming under the ice, and on December 28, a toad jumping in the yard. This was interesting news not only for schoolchildren, but, frankly, for me as well. And so our first wall table appeared in the classroom with the April pheno-observations. What only was not shown on it! Under the graph of the course of the sun and the weather, drawn by me, in the order of the onset of phenomena, the following were depicted: the beginning of a molt in a cow, a horse, a dog, a cat, the passage of birds, the arrival of swallows, the appearance of lizards, frogs, butterflies, the flowering of grasses and trees, and others. The drawings were made by students and pasted on old, scribbled paper, which we had found with difficulty in the office. railway station. The table was far from shining in appearance, but in terms of content it was interesting and useful in terms of teaching. We were proud of her.

Soon, having established contact with the research institute of the Central Bureau of Local Lore (TsBK), I began to send him summaries of my phenomenal observations. The realization that your observations are used in the research work of the CBC and that you thereby participate in them stimulated these studies.

The CBC, for its part, supported my undertakings at school, supplying current literature on phenology.

When the first All-Russian Conference of Phenologists was convened in Moscow in 1937, the TsBK invited me. The meeting was very small, and I was the only representative of the schools.

Starting with ingenuous observations of the course of seasonal natural phenomena, I began to gradually turn from a simple observer into an inquisitive local historian-phenologist. At one time, while working at the Novocherkassk Museum, I sent out phenological questionnaires on behalf of the museum throughout the Azov-Chernomorsky Territory, repeatedly spoke at regional and city conferences of teachers with reports on the formulation and significance of school phenological observations published in regional and local newspapers. My reports on phenology at the All-Union Geographical Congress in Moscow (1955) and at the All-Union Congress of Phenologists in Leningrad (1957) received a positive response in the central press.

From my many years of practice in school phenology, I well remember the spring of 1952, which I met in the distant village of Meshkovskaya, lost in the Upper Don steppes. In this village, I lived with my sick wife, who needed the healing steppe air, for about a year. Having got a job as a teacher at the age of ten, in order to organize phenological observations, I began to explore local opportunities for these classes. According to schoolchildren and local residents, in the vicinity of the village, in some places, the remains of virgin steppes still untouched by the plow have been preserved, and the beams are overgrown with shrubs, trees and herbs.

The local steppes in terms of species composition of plants differed from the steppes of the Lower Don known to me. For a phenologist, all this was extremely tempting, and I looked forward to the arrival of spring.

As always, schoolchildren of grades 6-10 were involved in phenological observations, living both in the village itself and in the surrounding farms, that is, 5-10 kilometers from it, which significantly expanded the area of ​​our pheno-observations.

In early spring, the school hung in a conspicuous place a large wall chart depicting the still bare “phenological tree”, on which seasonal phenomena were noted during the course of spring. A small board with three shelves was placed next to the table, on which there were bottles of water to display living plants.

And now on the table appeared images of the first heralds of spring: starlings, wild ducks, geese, and a few days later, to my amazement, bustards (?!). In the steppes of the Lower Don, there was no trace of this giant bird a long time ago. So our table gradually turned into a colorful “phenological tree”, and live flowering plants with labels filled all the shelves. The table and the plants on display attracted everyone's attention. During the spring in front of students and teachers about 130 species of plants. A small reference herbarium was compiled from them.

But this is only one side of the matter, so to speak, service. The other consisted in the personal experiences of the teacher-phenologist. It is impossible to forget the aesthetic pleasure that I experienced at the sight of the lovely woods, in a great number of doves under the still sleeping trees in the ravine forest. I was alone, and nothing prevented me from perceiving the subtle beauty of nature. I had many such joyful encounters.

I described my experience at the Meshkovskaya school in the journal Natural History at School (1956, No. 2). In the same year, the drawing of my Meshkovsky "phenological tree" was placed in the Bolshoi Soviet Encyclopedia(T. 44. S. 602).

Phenology

(Pensioner)

After I retired, I devoted myself entirely to phenology. Based on his long-term (1934-1950) observations, he compiled a calendar of nature for Novocherkassk (The calendar of nature presents a list of seasonal natural phenomena arranged in chronological order indicating the average long-term dates of their onset at this point. N. P.) and its environs.

I subjected my phenomaterials to mathematical processing in order to find out their practical suitability in the local economy. Tried to find among flowering plants signaling devices of the best terms of carrying out various agricultural works. It was research and painstaking work. Armed with Pomorsky's "Variational Statistics" manual, I sat down to tedious calculations. Since the results of the analyzes turned out to be encouraging in general, I tried not only to find agricultural signaling devices among flowering plants, but also to predict the time of their flowering, which significantly increased the practical significance of the proposed method. Hundreds of analyzes I have done have confirmed the correctness of the theoretical conclusions. It remains to put the theory into practice. But this was the work of the collective farm agronomists.

Throughout my long work on the issues of agricultural phenosignal devices, I kept a business relationship with the phenosector of the Geographical Society (Leningrad). On this topic, I have repeatedly made presentations at meetings of pest control specialists. Agriculture in Rostov, at the All-Union Congress of Phenologists in Leningrad (1957). My article "Phenosignalizers in Plant Protection" was published in the journal Plant Protection (Moscow, 1960). Rostizdat in 1961 published my small work "Signals of Nature".

As an ardent popularizer of phenological observations among the general population, for my many years of activity in this field, especially after retirement, I made many reports, messages, lectures, conversations, for which I made at least a hundred wall tables and as many more small ones.

This ebullient period of my phenological activity always evokes gratifying memories in my soul.

Behind long years communication with nature and, in particular, over the past 15-20 years, when from the end of March to the end of October I was almost daily in the steppe or grove, I became so accustomed to nature that I felt among plants, as among close friends.

You used to walk along the blooming June steppe and joyfully greet old friends in your soul. You will bend over to the indigenous inhabitant of the former steppe freedom - field strawberries and “ask with your eyes” how she lives this summer. You stand in the same silent conversation near the mighty handsome iron ore and walk to other green acquaintances. It was always unusually joyful to meet after a long winter with spring primroses - golden goose onions, delicate bouquets of tiny (1-2 cm high!) Semolina and other pets of early spring.

By that time, I was already over seventy, and as before, like a three-year-old boy, I admired every steppe flower. It was not senile lisping, not cloying sentimentality, but some kind of inspiring merging with nature. Something similar, only incomparably deeper and finer, is probably experienced by great artists of the word and brush, such as Turgenev, Paustovsky. The elderly Saryan said not so long ago: “I never cease to be amazed by nature. And this delight before the sun and spring, before the blossoming apricot and the majesty of giant mountains, I try to depict on canvas ”(Izvestia. 1966. May 27).

Years passed. In 1963, I turned 80 years old. Old people's diseases began to set in. In the warm season, I was no longer able to go, as in previous years, 8-12 kilometers into the steppe or sit without getting up at a desk for ten hours. But I was still irresistibly attracted to nature. And I had to be content with close walks out of town.

The steppe beckons to itself with its endless expanses, mysteriously blue distances with ancient mounds on the horizon, an immense dome of the sky, songs of jubilant larks ringing in the heights, lively multi-colored carpets underfoot. All this evokes high aesthetic experiences in the soul, enhances the work of fantasy. True, now that the virgin lands are almost completely plowed up, the steppe emotions have somewhat weakened, but the Don expanses and distances have remained just as immense and enticing. So that nothing distracts me from my observations, I always wander through the steppe alone, and not along rolled lifeless roads, but along paths overgrown with impassable thickets of grasses and shrubs, steppe slopes untouched by a plow, rocky cliffs, deserted gullies, that is, in places where steppe plants and animals hide from people.

Over the long years of studying phenology, I have developed the habit and skills to look closely at the beauty of the surrounding nature, whether it is a wide open landscape or a modest violet lurking under a bush. This habit also affects the conditions of the city. I cannot pass by the mirrored puddles scattered on the panels by a swooping summer cloud, so as not to look for a moment into the bottomless wonderful blue of the overturned sky. In April, I cannot help admiring in passing the golden caps of dandelions that flared up under the doorway that sheltered them.

When my failing health did not allow me to roam the steppe to my heart's content, I moved closer to my desk.

Beginning in 1934, brief summaries of my phenological observations were published in the Novocherkassk newspaper Znamya Kommuny. In the early years, these were dry information messages. Then I began to give them a descriptive character, and from the end of the fifties - a narrative one with some pretense of artistry.

It was once a joy to wander around the steppe in search of plants unknown to you, to create new devices and tables, to work on the burning issues of pheno-signaling. This developed creative thought and ennobled life. And now my creative fantasy, which had been hushed up due to old age, again found its use in literary work.

And the joyful torments of creativity began. In order to sketch a sketch of the life of nature for a newspaper or magazine, I often sat for hours at my desk. Notes were regularly published in the Novocherkassk and Rostov newspapers. The consciousness that my notes open the eyes of the townsfolk to the beauty in the familiar nature and thereby calling them to its protection, gave importance to these activities. Based on their materials, I wrote two small books: Notes of a Phenologist (1958) and Steppe Etudes (1966), published by Rostizdat.

We have collected for you interesting materials about winter, which schoolchildren may need when compiling stories and reports about this time of year, and primary school teachers to familiarize students with the topic "Winter. Winter months. winter phenomena nature. Winter signs about the weather.", In this case, the story can be presented as a presentation. You will get a wonderful lesson or extracurricular activity.

What is winter?

When the last multi-colored leaves have finished falling and wrap the earth in their motley carpet, and the gray rain drops give way to chilly cold and the first sparkling snowflakes, winter comes into its own. She reigns for three whole months: timid frosty December, snowy and festive January and, of course, February, famous for its severe cold. In winter, nature sleeps sweetly, wrapped in a blanket of snow and soothed by the discordant but melodic tune of a blizzard. However, this exciting time of the year declares itself not only with a lush cap of snow-white snowdrifts and transparent icicles hanging from the roofs of houses, but also with a temperature that does not rise above zero degrees Celsius and makes it chilly to wrap yourself in warm clothes.

Changes in nature in winter

December

December, which marks the arrival of winter, in contrast to the mild autumn November, already very rarely pampers nature with its thaws. He carefully and gradually prepares for the onset of cold and frost, lowering the temperature column on the thermometer and wrapping everything around with a warm snow blanket. Thanks to such care, many small animals and plants can survive the coming cold, because it is warmer under the snow than outside. Sparkling snowdrifts often reach 30 cm and no longer surrender to the mercy of timid sunlight. The lower the air temperature, the harder the snow and the more sonorous its melodic crunch becomes.

Gradually, the day begins to give up its positions, and the cold December nights are getting longer. Short frosts are already beginning to show their severe character, and a thin crust of ice fetters the movement of meandering rivers. Sometimes December indulges in small thaws and a pleasant rise in temperature, but it can remind you of itself with sharp frosts, and the Arctic winds gradually bring more and more cold and freshness.

In the northern hemisphere, the night of December 22 is the longest of the year, and the day of December 22 is the shortest of the year. In a day winter solstice On December 22, the sun rises to its lowest height above the horizon for the entire year.

With the onset of December, a lot of folk signs about the weather are connected. Here are some of them:

• If in December the sky is overcast and the clouds hang low, then it is worth waiting for a big harvest next year.
• If thunder often rumbles this month, then in January there will be very severe frosts.
• The lack of rain means that spring and summer will also be dry.
• A lot of snow, hoarfrost and frozen ground signify a good harvest in autumn.
• If the bullfinches arrived this month, then the winter will be with frost.

In Rus', at the beginning of December, they already began to break through sledge tracks and arranged trekking. From December 9, in the evening, it was worth staying closer to the houses, as the wolves began to come closer to the village.

However, December marks not only the beginning of winter, but also the eager anticipation of the New Year. This holiday, celebrated on the night of December 31 to January 1, is one of the most wonderful days, because it symbolizes not only the beginning of a new year, but also the time of gaining new hopes and aspirations, faith in positive changes and magical events. Each person on this holiday becomes a child and is looking forward to the onset of a bewitching fairy tale and the fulfillment of all dreams. The smell of pine needles and the unique taste of tangerines evoke warm memories and makes the heart beat faster in anticipation of miracles.

January

Winter is in full swing in January. She reigns serenely in nature and continues her snowy and frosty procession. Epiphany cold and unique snow crystals create a magical winter fairy tale from intricate patterns on the windows, they sing about it, circling in the whirlpool of a snowstorm, and boldly look into the cloudless blue sky. The biting frost makes itself felt with clouds of steam from the mouth and a pleasant tingling of the cheeks and nose. All this magic is supported by the temperature already established in the range of -10-30 degrees Celsius. The days are gradually getting longer, and the impenetrable darkness of frosty nights is gradually losing ground. However, the piercing light of the bright sun does not have time to warm the earth, so the stubborn cold claims its rights even stronger and makes the air piercingly frosty. Thanks to this, at night you can admire clear sky and sparkling diamond stars. The wind does not have such force as in December and does not shake the trees dressed in snow, but only lovingly strokes their tops.

January is famous not only for its bewitching beauty, but also for the onset of the most important event in the life of Christians - the Nativity of Christ. This bright holiday, celebrated on January 7, is solemnly celebrated by all believers, and their congratulations to each other merge together to the chime of bells.

The days from January 7 to 19 are called Christmas time. They are illuminated by the light of the Nativity of Christ and are perfect for various games, fortune-telling and carols. Most often they guessed on the night of January 13-14. Young girls wanted to know who would be their betrothed, and married women sought to find out what the weather would be like in summer and whether it was worth waiting for a big harvest. Christmas time was also a period of noisy weddings. In Rus', sleigh rides and all kinds of snow fun were organized these days.

According to folk signs about the weather:

• if on January 21 the south wind blows, then the summer will be rainy, and if on the 23rd there is frost on the haystacks, then the summer will be cool and rainy.

February

With the onset of February, the cloudy gray sky, which continues to wrap the sleeping earth with a soft cap of snow, gradually becomes a little kinder and allows bright sunbeams to often peep through dense clouds. Winter still reminds of itself with the discordant tune of a blizzard and a cheerful carousel of snowflakes swirling with a blizzard, but the premonition of spring gradually begins to enliven everything around. Pink from the prickly frost, the cheeks gradually begin to warm up timidly. solar heat. The snow is covered with a thin crust and begins to slowly give up, anticipating the approach of spring. The days are getting longer, and the clear sky is increasingly pleasing to the eye with its unique blue.

In the southern regions of Russia, buds appear on willows - the first harbingers of spring, and thawed patches, like messengers, carry the news of its approach. The frosty wind pleasantly pricks the face with small snowflakes, and the chilly frost alternates with long-awaited thaws. However, bewitching snowstorms and stubborn cold will not soon surrender to the mercy of the beautiful spring.

February is associated with many folk signs about the weather.

• If the weather is very cold and frosty this month, then the summer will be hot.
• Little snow in February threatens a poor harvest.
• If thunder rumbles, then it is worth waiting for strong winds.
• Rainy February speaks of the same spring and summer.
• Bright stars predict frosts, and dim - thaw.
• If the frosts in February are very strong, then the winter will be short.

Signs of winter coming

One of the first signs of winter is the appearance of dense, low-hanging clouds. They envelop the sky like a fur blanket and do not allow the sun's rays to break through their veil and delight the earth with their warmth, and the sun is low and already warms not so much. Such clouds are very different from summer, light and cirrus. The winter sky does not please with its colors, but it compensates for this with sparkling snowflakes, neatly, like sparkling silver, covering everything around.

Thick cover of snow is also an important sign of winter. Only at this time of the year, fluffy snowflakes do not melt under timid sunlight, but, gradually increasing, create a reliable snow cover.

Winter is famous for its frosts. Gradually it gets colder. Thin needles of the first frosty winds begin to tingle your cheeks and nose and make you wrap yourself in winter clothes more tightly. Her permanent companions - a hat and mittens - are added to a warm jacket.

Plants and animals are also actively preparing for the onset of winter. Trees and shrubs in anticipation of cold weather and cloudy days shed their leaves. However, this will not last long and in the spring the first small leaves will appear on the branches. Only coniferous trees do not want to part with their green needles and continue to please them even in winter.

There is little food during the winter, so some animals hibernate, and those that remain awake grow fluffy and thick fur. A hare, for example, turns white, and a hedgehog and a bear hibernate.

It is also not easy for birds to endure cold and lack of abundant food, so many of them fly away to warmer climes, and the rest adapt to different types stern.

Natural phenomena in winter

At this time of the year, there are such interesting and unusual natural phenomena as:

• Blizzard
• black ice
• icicles
• Frost patterns

A snowstorm arises with the first gusts of wind and, boldly picking up the snow cover, drags it into a mysterious winter dance. It's very harsh a natural phenomenon, which is better not to meet on the way. The snowstorm boldly disposes of the snowy landscape and disposes of fluffy snowdrifts at will. Most often this happens in the middle of winter, when frost and cold rule their ball.

Icing like sweet winter dream, binds reservoirs and covers with a thin crust of ice not only the continuous flow of rivers, but also all roads. This happens if after rain or sleet the temperature column drops below zero. The ice on the rivers hinders navigation, but gives wide scope for all kinds of winter activities, such as sledding, skating or skiing.

Another interesting winter phenomenon is icicles. They, like ice daggers, pierce the ground as they fall and shatter into hundreds of sparkling fragments. Icicles form when snow begins to melt on rooftops or other flat objects, and the resulting water freezes at night in low temperatures.

Frosty patterns, like frost, are an incredible lace creation of winter. Their bizarre pattern and bewitching beauty leave a lot of room for imagination and immerse in snow fairy tale. This is made possible by the formation of ice crystals that settle on the irregularities of the glass. They overlap each other and create pictures of incredible beauty.

Winter is not only a beautiful time of the year, but also a very unusual one. She's like big mystery which is yet to be unraveled. For example:

• snow is a real work of art and there are no two identical snowflakes in the world.
• Snowflakes are 95% air, which is why they fall to the ground so slowly.
• In Antarctica, you can find purple, pink or red snow.
• IN different countries and parts of the world ice has different temperature. For example, the coldest ice is found in the Antarctic glaciers and reaches -60 degrees Celsius, while the warmest (0 degrees) is on the peaks of the Scandinavian Mountains and the Alps.
• More than half of the inhabitants of the Earth have never seen real snow at all.
• On February 18, 1979, snowfall was recorded in the Sahara desert, and this is one of the hottest places on the planet.
• You can enjoy the warmest winter in Northern Sudan. There, at this time of the year, the temperature rarely drops below +40 degrees.
• One of the coldest and most uninhabitable places is Antarctica. In winter, the air temperature there averages -70 degrees. And at Vostok station, which is located in Antarctica, a temperature of -89.2 degrees was recorded.

Winter is a wonderful and fabulous time of the year, when, despite the short day and frosty air, life does not stop, but is filled with new light and sound. The snow-white cover of snow and snowflakes sparkling in the sun, unique patterns on glass and ice crust that bind rivers and lakes are endlessly pleasing to the eye. The prickly frost, lovingly slapping your cheeks, reminds you of how many outdoor games this time of year hides and makes you freeze in anticipation of the New Year holidays.

In all seasons, nature is beautiful. What a beautiful autumn, and what a wonderful winter! Description of nature in the cold season is a great opportunity to get to know it better, enjoy the freshness, cheer yourself up. After all, not everyone is able to appreciate the world around them in any of its states.

Snowball fell

For the inhabitants of the northern hemisphere, winter is a normal phenomenon. The worst thing is when in the winter months instead of snow it's raining. Unfortunately, with the onset of the third millennium, snow falls later and later, and melts faster than it falls on the surface of the earth. But let's not talk about sad things. How to make a description of nature at school (grade 6)? Winter, like any other season, is describable when it is. Indeed, in September or May it is more difficult to talk about snowy weather. All impressions should be here and now.

So, the snow fell. Outside the temperature is below zero. The sky is covered with clouds. But the long-awaited snow only pleases the soul, so it’s not at all sad. You walk along the path after school home, when it starts to get dark, but it's still light. White snow partially replaces street lighting. Yesterday it was still damp, with mud and bare asphalt underfoot. The courtyards are dark and dreary. But the snow that fell today fixed everything.

New Year's chores

For many people, the first snowfall, even in November, is associated with the upcoming holidays. First, of course, Catholics celebrate Christmas on December 25, and then everyone greets New Year, then a week later, Orthodox Christians praise the born Jesus Christ on His Christmas. All three holidays are closely connected with snow, Christmas tree, gifts. What a lovely winter! The description of nature will become unforgettable, interesting if this topic is opened on New Year's Eve. After all, almost all children and many adults have a good mood, the joy of expecting miracles. I want to write so much about my impressions and feelings so that I can re-read at any time.

The fallen snow cheers up the villagers and the townspeople. Finally, there is no mud, no rain either. Inclement weather does not seem so, because under the snow you can walk all day, ride, play. And New Year's Eve chores amuse anyone. How joyful to decorate a Christmas tree with toys, garlands, tinsel. Despite the fact that the Christmas tree is at home, everything is still associated with winter and snow.

The best time for fun games

Sledding down a slide or on a cardboard box is what children and sometimes even adults love. What fun begins! So you can have fun all day long. Children know what a good appetite after such a walk. The frost makes the cheeks and nose rosy, no cosmetics are needed for this. And how fresh the head, body, easy on the soul!

When there is a lot of snow, and the frosts are mild, the children begin to make snowballs and throw themselves at each other. Often, thanks to such games, the idea arises to build a snow fortress in order to defend against the enemy. This is what nature is like in winter! The description can also be supplemented by the presence of snowmen in almost every yard. Children roll snowballs and put them on top of each other. When the snowman is almost ready, the manifestation time begins creativity: what to make eyes for a snowman, what to put on him, what carrot to choose for the future nose, whether to give him a broom in his hand?

Winter forest

Yes, you need to visit the winter forest at least once a season. It is best to enjoy the silence far outside the city, where you can not hear the passing cars. Most often in the forest in winter there are snowdrifts, so it is better to visit fabulous places on skis. Why fabulous? Because that's what winter is. Describing the nature that is in the snow is a wonderful activity.

It is in the snow that the Christmas trees look magical. Here she is, a beauty standing among her sisters, twigs in the snow. And what a pine scent! Bushes, trees all in hoarfrost! When the weather is sunny, you can see how frozen snowflakes shimmer.

Silence. Feelings in the winter forest

In winter, it is very quiet in the forest, you can hardly even hear the wind. The trees are bare, it seems empty. But no! It's very nice here. Somewhere, perhaps, there are hare tracks. Can you imagine? As in a New Year's children's song, where a gray bunny jumped under the Christmas tree. Many forest dwellers have the ability to change color. The only pity is that some animals are now in hibernation. Migratory birds do not fill the forest with beautiful singing. Nevertheless, nature is always beautiful.

On a clear winter night in the forest you can see billions of stars, the moon. Extraordinarily beautiful. Nature gives every person the opportunity to admire, admire her and leave an unforgettable impression in his heart.

The description of nature in winter in the forest can be varied. Each person has their own feelings. But what everyone has in common is the enjoyment of silence, snow. The roofs of village houses are covered with snow, everything is white around.

Fancy snowflakes

What is the most unusual thing in winter? That's right, snowflakes! Any child can stretch out a hand in a mitten to catch it and examine it. Everyone, probably, looked at the snowflake, admired it. How does she manage to be so beautiful? It is not possible for a person to transform a tiny crystal of frozen water in such a way, but nature can do it. It remains only to admire. The only pity is that the snowflake melts even on the palm without a mitten, not only at home.

Winter is interesting with snow. Description of nature in cold weather brings a lot of ideas. For example, those people who have wooden windows in their houses can observe the most beautiful patterns on the glass. Frost also knows how to draw.

Ideas for fun

What fun is possible in winter? Of course, skiing, skating and even snowboarding! Any child will be happy to go down a big hill on a snow scooter, for example. You can hear joyful cries from everywhere. And somewhere nearby, adults are pouring a slide, children help with this. What is the description of a corner of nature here? In winter, large entertainment places can be built in parks, squares, forest park areas and outside the city. But everything is natural. No need for this attraction, technology. Sledges, snowboards, skates and skis do not count.

At present, in many big cities sidewalks are poured in parks so that you can not just walk, but skate along the routes that were laid in the summer when walking. There is another feature in winter. Master architects create entire cities from ice. Sculptures and structures appear. You can wander through the ice grotto or house, visit palaces and fortresses.

In general, winter should be spoken of as the most fun time of the year. You can gladly step into the knee-deep snow, clean the yard with a shovel, have fun with friends. Beautiful description nature in winter should cheer up the young author. How great it is when you come running from the street, after playing enough with friends, you drink hot tea with buns. And after that you sit down to write a given essay about winter. Fresh impressions will easily leave their mark both in the heart and on paper. Outside the window it is cold and frosty, but at home it is warm and cozy. But winter remains forever in the hearts of people as something unusual, wonderful.