Methodological development in literature (Grade 10) on the topic: Analysis of the poem “Silentium!” F. I. Tyutcheva. Analysis of Tyutchev's poem "Silentium

Below are several options for analyzing this poem, choose the one you like. The poem is known under the names Silentium, Silentium, Silence

Analysis of Tyutchev's poem Silentium

Fedor Tyutchev - was not a poet from his youth, he never even thought about this kind of activity. In his mature years, Tyutchev became and was subsequently for many years a diplomat. Tyutchev began to create poems without thinking about fame or how to write more beautifully and choose words. He simply expressed his thoughts and feelings through lines in poetry. Poems came out beautiful, poetic and even - sometimes romantic, depending on what thoughts and emotions were at that moment. Tyutchev is a very interesting figure who was able to achieve a lot in his business, and also in his interesting hobby, which later glorified him all over the world. One of his co-workers saw his poems and liked them very much. This man begged Fyodor Tyutchev to publish some poems, at least a few. Tyutchev, at first reluctantly, but then nevertheless agreed, if only for the sake of experiment.

The first poem that was published in ordinary magazines, read by all ordinary citizens, "Silentium!". This work is translated from Latin into Russian - be silent. It was not for nothing that Tyutchev wrote this poem, because in many expressions and by the very name he wanted to express his opinion that it was necessary to be silent, no matter what the cost. Because feelings and emotions can be misunderstood by someone, and therefore you need to be silent and not talk about your real feelings in this moment. The work is very strong in terms of philosophical expressions and reflections on the meaning of silence, and why it is important to do so.

It was in 1830 that this work was published, the title of which is on Latin. There was information that Tyutchev wrote this work on the eve of something bad, because in his soul he felt something bad. Tyutchev, without knowing it himself, after a few years became the very founder of Russian romanticism.

Analysis of Tyutchev's poem Silence

Fyodor Ivanovich (1803-1873) was originally engaged in the activities of a diplomat (he received his education at Moscow State University), he wrote poems for himself, found solace and an outburst of emotions in a pleasant occupation. But still, he began to publish his creations. Tyutchev goes on a working visit to Munich and stays for 22 years, where he meets his future wife named Eleanor Peterson. His creative direction: romanticism and Russian lyrics.

Tyutchev wrote the poem "Silence" in 1830 (there was an opinion that he dedicated it to Eleanor and it was written much earlier). The poem is presented a little tragically, in it the author speaks of silence, that all deep feelings should be kept in oneself. He believes that it is safer this way, in order to preserve the beautiful, you need to touch it less, namely, to admire the moments, amazing views. The author in the 2nd paragraph writes about how to speak out to the heart, that is, he wants to voice a thought, but how to convey it to desired form it is not clear how one can get true understanding from other people, also a mystery.

It is said that a word spoken aloud is a lie, it can be understood as follows: everything that is spoken aloud can be distorted by misunderstanding, then the purity of thought will be lost. Fedor Ivanovich believes that if you understand yourself, you can find happiness, the vast world lies within us, and external fuss prevents us from understanding ourselves. Also, the author in the last lines conveys the idea that it is necessary to respect the opinions of others.

Interesting perception environment with Fyodor Ivanovich. It is felt in "Silence" that there is fear in the author. Unfortunately, he had grief later, from which he quickly turned gray - Eleanor died. As if the author was afraid of losing happiness, and so it happened. Like many, he tries to find in his work an understanding of other people, a desire to be heard. Not everyone can get into the lines.

The author has a little more than 400 hundred poems. He writes about nature, about feelings, about tragedy. Many of his works were included in the program of schoolchildren of various classes. He dedicates poems to his beloved women, he dedicated two to A. S. Pushkin. He had 9 children from different marriages. Also Tyutchev F.I. did not receive the title of a professional writer, he was engaged all his life public service. His authorial period can be divided into categories: youth the verses are similar to the poetry of the previous century, 1820-1840, lyrical motifs, and then a more refined style.

Analysis of the poem Silentium Silence according to plan

Perhaps you will be interested

• Analysis of the poem Life of Nekrasov

  Nekrasov's poem "Life" is filled with deep philosophical sense. The poet touched interesting topic in his work is the eternal struggle of good and evil in the human soul.

• Analysis of Zhukovsky's poem Evening Grade 9 essay

  It's no secret to anyone that great poet Vasily Zhukovsky was a true admirer of romanticism and often admired the works of foreign masters, trying to create in a similar manner

• Analysis of Pushkin's poem Autumn

  This work was created in 1833. It is considered one of the most difficult to present among the huge number of poems by A. S. Pushkin. This was the peak of his work, since it was already the second Boldin autumn time

• Analysis of Rubtsov's poem In the Upper Room

  The lyrical work of Nikolai Rubtsov "In the Upper Room" is one of the most famous creative works poet. The presented verse is often considered to be Russian folk art as it is filled with rich symbolic images

• Analysis of the poem Laugh full! what is it with you? Feta

  A small cycle of "Divination", which completely absorbed the folk and romantic traditions of the lyrics, common in Russia.

The poem "Silentium!" subjected to a huge number of the most controversial interpretations and is still considered the most mysterious in his work. Brief analysis"Silentium" according to the plan can be used in the lesson of Russian literature in grade 10 to give students an idea about this work.

Brief analysis

History of creation- the exact date of its writing is unknown, but approximately it dates back to 1830. For the first time in printed form, it was published three years later in the newspaper Molva.

Theme of the poem- maintaining your spiritual world from external influences, opposition to the environment and the preservation of internal treasures.

Composition- three-part, and Tyutchev himself divides it, ending each part with the words “and be silent!”. All of them

Genre- This philosophical lyrics, which, with the ambiguity characteristic of Tyutchev, reveals the theme of mutual understanding of people or its absence.

Poetic size- iambic tetrameter with pyrrhic.

Metaphors – “they get up and come in”, “the heart will express itself”, “exploding, you will stir up the keys”, “feed on them - and be silent”, “there is a whole world in your soul”, “they will be deafened by the noise”, “heed their singing”.

epithets – "in the depths of the soul"

Comparison – “like stars in the night”, “thought uttered”, “the whole world”, “mysterious magical thoughts”, “daytime rays”.

History of creation

ABOUT exact date the history of creation is silent about the writing of the poem, but traditionally it dates back to 1830. However, this work had several editions at once - it was published twice in Sovremennik and once in the newspaper Molva. It was in this edition that it was first published in 1833. It is curious that during the second publication in Sovremennik, a mistake was made in the 16th stanza.

Interestingly, its name, which translates as “Silence,” is given another shade of meaning - it was with this Latin word that students of German classical universities were called to order. Thus, it can be interpreted not only as a call to silence, but also as an indication of the need to listen. This interpretation is based on the fact that Tyutchev once lived in Germany for a long time and attended many lectures at the main university in Munich.

Subject

The verse is dedicated to a topic that worried many poets - loneliness creative person and the need to protect inner world, to keep its integrity. Tyutchev expresses the last thought quite categorically, using the imperative mood.

In addition to the main idea, there are other ideas in the poem that the author develops. So, he talks about lies, which can be considered a side topic. Tyutchev says that only silence helps to make thoughts (and hence poetry) free from conceited thoughts and the usual desire to please, which is inherent in all people, including those who write poetry.

Composition

The eighteen-line poem is divided into three stanzas, each of which can be considered an independent work, but the thematic unity turns them into a single work, held together by a common thought. But there is also a formal unifying means - this is the verb "be silent", used at the end of each stanza in the imperative mood.

Thus the composition “Silentium!” - three-part, where the first part is the lyrical hero's appeal to the reader: he tells him to be silent, not revealing his soul and his heartfelt impulses to anyone. The second stanza argues for the position expressed in the first - the poet explains to his reader why he believes that silence is necessary.

Finally, the third stanza shows what can happen to a person who decides to bare his soul before the world. Tyutchev describes all the threats that await him and says that the best way out will be the same silence, the need for which was mentioned in the first stanza. Thus, the composition is peculiarly looped.

Genre

The genre of the poem is philosophical lyrics. Important role plays and poetic size: thanks to the iambic tetrameter with perrichias, the poet's message is as simple and clear as possible, but at the same time convincing. Paired rhyming with exact masculine rhyme also greatly simplifies perception.

means of expression

To reveal the thought invested in the work, Tyutchev is helped by various artistic means, such as:

• Metaphors- “they get up and come in”, “the heart will express itself”, “exploding, you will disturb the keys”, “feed on them - and be silent”, “there is a whole world in your soul”, “they will be deafened by the noise”, “heed their singing”.
• epithets- "in the depths of the soul"
• Comparison- “like stars in the night”, “a thought uttered”, “the whole world”, “mysterious magical thoughts”, “daytime rays”.

One of the lines of this poem - "A thought uttered is a lie" - quickly became an aphorism, as well as a real author's credo of Tyutchev, who believed that only loneliness helps the poet to create and maintain sincerity.

Perhaps not a single work of Tyutchev was given so many conflicting interpretations as the poem "Silentium".
Leo Tolstoy marked this poem with the letter "G" - "depth" in the margins of the 1886 edition, meaning not only the depth of the universal content, but also the depth of Tyutchev's lyricism, expressed in "Silentium!". Tolstoy marked this poem in the “Reading Circle” on September 30 as an epigraph to the reflections offered to readers that day: “The more secluded a person is, the more audible is the voice of God always calling him.” “In important matters of life, we are always alone, and our real story can almost never be understood by others. The best part this drama is a monologue, or rather a heartfelt discourse between God, our conscience and ourselves. Amiel”, “Pascal says: a man must die alone. This is how a person should live. In the fact that the main thing in life is that a person is always alone, that is, not with people, but with God ”- these are quotes from Amiel and Pascal, cited right there in the Reading Circle. The variety of deep, hidden meanings of Tyutchev's poem has no end.
Here is the point of view of K. D. Balmont: “Tyutchev understood the need for that great silence, from the depths of which, as from an enchanted cave, illuminated by an inner light, transformed beautiful ghosts emerge.” According to K. Balmont, the poem "Silentium!": about the essence of the creative process, about the act of creativity, interpreted from the standpoint of idealism.
V. Ivanov: "the word has ceased to be equivalent to the content of inner experience." Following Vyacheslav Ivanov, a modern researcher of symbolism and modernism I. Angere: “Tyutchev suggests that the world, especially the invisible one, is so diverse and complex that the generally accepted human language is too poor to express the real phenomena of life and which is the reason for the falsity of our speech: “How heart to express itself? Thought spoken is a lie.”
Starting a direct analysis of the construction and means of expression poem "Silentium!", which remained forever in the history of Russian and world lyrics as one of the deepest insights into inner life human soul, I will make a reservation that just as each era creates its own Hamlet, each generation reads and will read “Silentium!” in its own way.
The text of Sovremennik of 1836, recognized as the main one in most editions of Tyutchev's poems, was chosen as the main text for analysis:

Silentium!
Be silent, hide and hide
And your feelings and dreams -
Let in the depths of the soul
They get up and come in

Admire them - and be silent.

How can the heart express itself?
How can someone else understand you?
Will he understand how you live?
Thought spoken is a lie.
Blowing up, disturb the keys,
Eat them - and be silent.

Only know how to live in yourself -
There is a whole world in your soul
Mysterious magical thoughts;
Outside noise will deafen them
Daytime rays will disperse, -
Listen to their singing - and be silent! ...

“Each of his poems began with a thought, but a thought that, like fiery point flared up under the influence of a deep feeling or a strong impression; as a result of this ... its origin, the thought of Mr. Tyutchev is never naked and abstract to the reader, but always merges with the image taken from the world of the soul or nature, penetrates it and penetrates it inseparably and inseparably, ”wrote Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev.
In the title itself, solemnity is felt, consisting in the fact that Tyutchev called the poem not the Russian word “Silence”, but the Latin “Silentium!”.
Among the best Tyutchev poems "Silentium!" has a very special fate. The poet did not keep drafts; in the editions of his poems, the section “Other editions and variants” is extremely poor; Silentium! - the only work that has come down to us in three editions. These editions testify not to a thorough search for words, but, as it were, to the incomplete negligence of the author, either vaguely reproducing the forgotten text from memory, or not needing an accurate record of his brilliant creation at all.
“Be quiet, hide and hide / And your thoughts and dreams,” Tyutchev prints in “Molva” of 1833. “And their feelings and dreams” - “Sovremennik” 1836. “Let in the depths of the soul /
They get up and hide themselves ... ”-“ Rumor ”. “They get up and come in” - “Contemporary”. “And they rise and they go in” - Sovremennik, 1854. “Like peaceful stars in the night” - “Rumor”. “Silently, like stars in the night” - “Sovremennik”. “Like stars clear in the night” - “Sovremennik” 1854. One can easily explain the first of the changes, "And thoughts and dreams" to "And feelings and dreams." The number of sonorants in the first two lines may seem excessive, especially the syllables: “mo”, “we”, “me”, and the abrupt “h” sets the tone for the first stanza. Other changes are more difficult to explain.
Such freedom of dealing with his own text was not characteristic of Tyutchev either in the early period of his work, when he translated Horace, imitated Zhukovsky and Batyushkov, was fond of Derzhavin, nor in the late period of the 1850-1860s, when Tyutchev's lyrics can be considered one of the remarkable achievements of Russian realism in lyrics.
Eighteen lines are divided into three sextines. Each of the three parts is closed in itself - in meaning, intonation, syntactically and musically. The connection of parts is only in the development of thought. The only formal detail that the poet allows himself to reinforce, to emphasize the unity of the three parts, is the last lines of the sextine:

Silently, like stars in the night,
Admire them - and be silent.
Exploding, disturb the keys, -
Eat them - and be silent.
Daytime rays will disperse, -
Listen to their singing - and be silent! ...

Persistent repetition - this technique prevails in a poem built as an appeal, as a conviction, as a desire to explain.
Again and again rereading the poem, oversaturated with imperative intonation, we are convinced that it does not have the character of a dispute and it does not have an addressee - a person with whom they argue. In the poem "Silentium!" no controversy. Rather, it comforts the hopeless, explains to the bewildered, to another or to himself, how to live in the world. “As the human thought is powerless, so the human word is also powerless. It is not surprising that in one of the most sincere poems, Tyutchev left us such harsh advice, ”writes Valery Bryusov.
The first stanza is an energetic conviction, a strong-willed pressure, addressed to oneself, whether to another, but to a relative and weak, in need of help with a word from a more experienced or just oneself, but matured: “Be quiet, hide and hide ...” . And then calmness: your feelings will not die from this, but will live the same life, get up and go in the depths of your soul, “like stars in the night”, “admire them”. The older friend carefully protects the younger one; a grown-up person teaches a young romantic, in whose soul beautiful stars of feelings and dreams rise and set. That is the first stanza.
In the second stanza, energetic pressure, perseverance give way to conviction with the help of logical thinking, evidence. To three critical questions:

How can the heart express itself?
How can someone else understand you?
Will he understand how you live?

follows aphoristically capacious: "The thought spoken is a lie." Here is what V. Bryusov writes about this: “From the consciousness of the incomprehensibility of the world, something else follows - the inability to express one’s soul, to tell one’s thoughts to another ... If a “thought”, that is, any rational knowledge, is a lie, then one has to appreciate and cherish everything non-rational forms of comprehension of the world: dream, fantasy, dream”. In the second stanza, we are talking about the possibility of conveying in words the life of the heart and soul. “A thought uttered” is not just a thought spoken, uttered, it is also an antonym to the word “unspeakable”. The meaning of the word is extraordinary, indescribable. Therefore, spoken is also ordinary. I think that to readers of the nineteenth century this sense of the word "spoken" was much more obvious, lay closer to the surface than for us.
Tyutchev is unusually stingy with the paths in "Silentium!". For three stanzas - three images: a comparison “Silently, like stars in the night”, a parallel of the soul with clear keys and an image of daylight rays dispersing the world of “mysterious magical thoughts”. Stars and keys - images expressing inner life souls, day rays - a symbol outside world.
Mysterious magical thoughts are not thoughts, they are romantic dreams. contact with real life they can't stand:

Outside noise will deafen them
Daytime rays will disperse, -

The poem begins with the call “Be quiet!...”, and each of the three stanzas ends with the same:
Admire them - and be silent,
Eat them - and be silent,
Listen to their singing - and be silent.

Based on the article I read by N. Koroleva, I want to say that lyrically the poem “Silentium!” in the neutral style of 1830s lyrics with high-style words: "one", "stars" instead of "star". In parallel with high style words, colloquial syntax is used.

Let in the depths of the soul

Opinions on the size in which "Silentium!" are separated. Here is the point of view held by N. Koroleva, whose article I read: “To say about “Silentium!” that this poem is written in iambic tetrameter is tantamount to saying nothing. The rhythm of Tyutchev's poem and the stress system of the line are free from conventional meter. Fantastic theories arose about the size of this poem, that it was written in iambic with the inclusion of three lines of amphibrach ... Apparently, another key should be found to the music of Tyutchev's verse. If we approach revealing the secret of the rhythm of Tyutchev's "Silentium!" from another point of view, it turns out that it is written mainly in a three-stroke line:

Be silent, hide and hide
And your feelings and dreams -
Let in the depths of the soul
They get up and come in
Silently, like stars in the night,
Admire them - and be silent.

“Tyutchev masterfully knew how to use interruptions in rhythm, emphasizing with them the meaning of the verse. On the failure of the line that begins with the word “daytime”, the rhythm, as if stumbling, forms a pause and thus emphasizes its cherished meaning,” A. Gorelov writes about the rhythm of Tyutchev’s poem.
In his "Silentium!" the poet calls on the romantic to listen to the singing of "mysterious magical thoughts" in his own soul. The harmony of the proportionality of parts, the harmony of meaning and form, phrases and lines - these are the main means by which Tyutchev created his great masterpiece of romantic lyrics - 18 lines about silence.

Silentium! Fedor Tyutchev

Be silent, hide and hide
And your feelings and dreams -
Let in the depths of the soul
They get up and come in
Silently, like stars in the night,
Admire them - and be silent.

How can the heart express itself?
How can someone else understand you?
Will he understand how you live?
Thought spoken is a lie.
Exploding, disturb the keys, -
Eat them - and be silent.

Only know how to live in yourself -
There is a whole world in your soul
Mysterious magical thoughts;
Outside noise will deafen them
Daytime rays will disperse, -
Listen to their singing - and be silent! ..

Analysis of Tyutchev's poem "Silentium!"

It is no secret that Fyodor Tyutchev created his early works exclusively for himself, formulating in this way in an unusual way your thoughts and feelings. Being a diplomat and famous enough statesman He did not aspire to literary fame. And only the persuasion of one of his colleagues, who believed that Tyutchev's poems were really amazing, forced the poet to publish some of them.

Among the first works that were published in Russian magazines, it is worth noting the poem "Silentium!", The name of which in Latin means "Be silent!". This work has undergone several revisions, as the author considered it quite frank and very personal in order to present to the readers. Nevertheless, it was this work that brought the novice poet and accomplished diplomat the glory of a very subtle, romantic and not devoid of philosophical worldview writer.

The poem "Silentium!" was published in 1830, but it is assumed that it was created much earlier. And the reason for writing such an unusual work both in form and in content was Tyutchev's marriage to Eleanor Peterson a few years after entering the diplomatic service. The poet was madly in love with his young wife and after the wedding he considered himself truly happy man. However, the premonition of imminent trouble still haunted Tyutchev. The poem “Silentium!” .

It begins very atypically for the poet, who was later destined to become the founder of Russian romanticism. The first lines are a call to be silent, hiding your feelings and thoughts, which can be explained by the kind of activity of Tyutchev as a diplomat. However, the poet further develops his idea, noting that dreams remind him of the stars in the night, which are also ephemeral and far away. Therefore, the author calls, referring to an unknown interlocutor: "Admire them - and be silent!". Under the second participant in this strange dialogue, many researchers of Tyutchev's work mean his wife Eleanor. However, the poet's appeals are addressed not to a woman, but to a man.. Taking into account the fact that Tyutchev did not plan to show his first poems to anyone at all, it is easy to guess that the author is having this unusual conversation with himself. And it is to himself that he orders to be silent, believing that only in this way can he protect his personal happiness, his hopes and dreams from encroachment. At the same time, the poet points out that “the thought uttered is a lie,” and this phrase contains a hint of biblical truths, which say that a person’s thoughts are subject only to God, and the devil can overhear the words. Apparently, Tyutchev is desperately afraid of something, and this fear makes him withdraw into himself, to be much more restrained in conversations, actions and judgments.

If we compare the facts, it turns out that it was at this time that the poet got acquainted with his future wife and proposes to her. He does not flatter himself with the hope that the nee Countess Bothmer will agree to become his wife. However, contrary to expectations, she receives permission for marriage from Eleanor's relatives and for a long time can't believe his luck. Tyutchev is so grateful to fate for this unexpected gift who is afraid to frighten away with an extra word or with his own thought family well-being. That is why, occasionally breaking away from his "mysteriously magical thoughts", the poet orders himself: "Pay attention to their singing - and be silent!" . The author seems to have a presentiment that his personal happiness is not destined to last forever. And indeed, in 1838, after an unsuccessful return to Russia, accompanied by the wreck of the ship, Eleanor Tyutcheva dies in the hands of the poet. Thus, his fears become reality. According to eyewitnesses, after the death of his wife, Fedor Tyutchev became completely gray-haired in a few hours. And - completely parted with the illusions that he could be happy.

Tyutchev is a talented Russian poet, romantic and classic, who wrote primarily not for anyone, but for himself, revealing his soul on paper. Each of his poems is saturated with truth, the truth of life. One gets the feeling that the poet is afraid to express his opinion in front of people, sometimes even alone with himself, he is afraid to admit his feelings and orders himself to be silent and not reveal the secrets stored deep in his heart. Tyutchev "Silentium" wrote in 1830, just in the period of the departure of the era of romanticism and the arrival of the bourgeois-pragmatic era. The poem shows the author's regret about the bygone days and his lack of understanding of what will happen next.

Fyodor Ivanovich was a romantic at heart, pragmatism was alien to him, so the source of his inspiration disappeared with the advent of the July. The ensuing chaos destroyed all the hopes and expectations of the poet, leaving him in confusion and regret about the irretrievably lost era of romanticism. Almost all of Tyutchev's poems of that period are imbued with such a mood, "Silentium" was no exception. The author cannot get rid of the shadows of the past, but he takes a vow of silence to himself, running away from the bustle of the outside world and closing himself in.

At the beginning of the poem, the poet describes the usual for his lyrical hero: stars in the night sky, water springs. The first symbolize something divine, higher power, and the second - the image of nature, something earthly and understandable to each of us. Tyutchev "Silentium" wrote to explain to people the harmony of God with Nature and how it affects humanity. On the other hand, everyone must know their own universe, the microcosm that reigns in the soul.

In the middle of the poem, the poet asks questions about how to correctly voice his thoughts so that the other person understands you correctly, does not interpret the words wrongly, changing their meaning. Tyutchev "Silentium" wrote with a mute call to be silent and keep everything in himself, to keep the secret of the unspoken thought. You can also perceive the forced silence as a protest against the ordinary consciousness, the chaos that is going on around. In addition, the poet could resort to a romantic motive, thus conveying the loneliness of his lyrical hero, devoid of understanding.

Tyutchev's "Silentium" shows the complete impotence of the word, which is unable to fully convey what is happening in its inner feelings and vibrations. Each person is individual and unique in their judgments, thoughts and assumptions. A person has his own ideas about life, reacts in his own way to certain events, so it is not very clear to him how his feelings will be interpreted by other people. Each of us had moments when we were tormented by doubts whether they would understand what they would think or say.

Tyutchev wrote "Silentium" in order to prove that he believes in what will be understood by mankind. The poet simply wished to emphasize that there is no need to share every thought with the public, discuss it with the first person you meet. important questions. In some situations, it is better to hide your feelings, keep your opinions to yourself and calm your emotions. Everyone should have their own hidden from prying eyes: why open it to people who will never understand and appreciate the voiced ideas.