What or who is dangerous in the forest. Summary of the lesson “Forest dangers. Dangerous animals of Russia and neighboring countries

Walk in the woods- it is always a joy from communicating with the world of wildlife, it causes a whole range of sensations and impressions, painted in spring-summer-autumn-winter colors. However, lovers of such trips must know: the forest is, first of all, the most complex complex of relationships between plants, animals, soils, sunlight and night darkness you, air and water.

man in the forest- a guest, and from the point of view of the forest inhabitants - an uninvited and uninvited guest, often not at all knowing the rules away behavior. Hence - accidents, emergencies, injuries, fears, legends and myths associated with both exaggeration and understatement of the danger that the forest is fraught with.

Animals living in the forest are a danger to humans. They are very diverse, but it is still possible to formulate several general patterns in their behavior:

1. Animals, especially birds and mammals, are significantly better than a man adapted to life in the forest. They have more advanced sense organs and are almost always the first to notice a person by smell and sound. Its smell for a wild animal is the strongest signal of danger.

2. One should not exaggerate the widespread opinion about the fearfulness of animals, especially large predators. For some of them, such as the bear and the tiger, a very common behavioral trait is curiosity, which can sometimes turn into unprovoked aggression.

3. Not people, but animals are in the forest on their territory, so they regard the appearance of a person as a typical “violation of the border”, “invasion” with all the ensuing consequences.

4. In the animal world, in contrast to human society, the concepts of "alien" and "enemy", "unknown" and "dangerous" often coincide, so it is at least naive to count on a friendly attitude on the part of forest dwellers.

5. Animals, to a greater extent than people, try to avoid danger: mobile animals go as far as possible from a person, inactive animals use various ways passive or active protection. forest animals- unsurpassed masters of disguise, they know how to use all sorts of shelters.

6. The behavior of many animals (especially large ungulates and carnivores) changes significantly during certain periods of their life cycle(reproduction, migration, etc.). Animals become much more aggressive, and the danger to humans increases dramatically.

7. Any species, even a widespread species, prefers certain habitats, and here the probability of an accidental meeting with animals of this species is higher.

Remember two fairly simple and accessible rules that will help you avoid many troubles. It is necessary to have an idea about the habits of animals and birds, plus be attentive and careful during forest walks.

Animal emergencies in the forest can be divided into two groups: an active attack, potentially dangerous beast and accidents resulting from the careless (or illiterate) treatment of an animal, which in a normal situation is quite neutral towards a person.

In the main zone of settlement in Russia and Ukraine, situations of the first type are most often associated with large predatory and ungulate animals - a bear, a wolf, a tiger, a lynx, a leopard, an elk, a wild boar, a deer. Attacks that are not provoked by a person are quite rare. For example, a tiger attacks people for no reason in about 4% of all cases. Usually, the beast attacks: in self-defense, while hunting, being caught near prey, when a person carelessly invades its territory, during the mating season (the so-called rut; animals during this period are especially aggressive), protecting offspring, with persistent pursuit under -wound or just when chance meeting with a person, with sudden close eye-to-eye contact.

According to many experts, the most unpredictable large forest predator in terms of behavior is the brown bear. Most of the sudden encounters with this animal end in its swift flight. Nevertheless, cases of unprovoked attacks on a person in the European part of Russia are noted almost every year. Unexpectedly, "go out to the bear", as a rule, pickers of mushrooms, berries and tourists. Sometimes a bear shows aggression and may even chase a person, but then quickly stops the pursuit and runs away. However, much more serious incidents are also known, when the beast literally besieged the hunting lodge - sometimes for almost a week! - and did not let people out of there. Cases of aggression of a bear disturbed in a winter den are quite common. However, such “dates” are easy to avoid, knowing the favorite bearish places in given forest(the bears are quite conservative in choosing the territory for the den) and avoid them as far as possible. A significant danger is fraught with a meeting with a wolf, although this predator will almost always prefer to hide than attack. The well-known Canadian naturalist Farley Mowat remarkably described such a sudden meeting. “... We faced nose to nose. We were separated by some two meters ... We silently stared at each other. I don't know what was going on in his massive skull, but my head was filled with a swarm of unsettling thoughts. The amber eyes of a seasoned tundra wolf stared straight at me; apparently, he was heavier than me and, no doubt, had a much better command of unarmed combat techniques.

For several seconds neither of us moved, we continued to hypnotize each other with our eyes. The wolf broke the spell first. With a jump that would have done honor even to Russian dancers, he soared into the air and took to his heels ... "

IN last years experts note that people encounter wolves in the forest zone more often than before. Fans of forest walks, and especially long-distance routes, should be careful.

Perhaps the most serious danger is a sudden encounter with a wolf or a fox that is sick with rabies. Here the attack is almost guaranteed, and it is almost impossible to avoid it. A sick animal can be recognized by its "dazedness", angry eyes, sharply aggressive behavior, immediate, literally on the move, attack. The animal sometimes seems to spit; there is often foam in the corners of the mouth. These animals are dangerous even when they are already dying and, snarling, cannot move. In no case should you approach them - they may have time to bite, and then a long treatment will be necessary.

Animals with rabies are not found everywhere, and before going to the forest it would be useful to get information from the SES about the foci of the disease. In case of a bite, you should immediately consult a doctor, because only the correct and, most importantly, timely treatment started and carried out guarantees a complete recovery.

In recent years, due to the emergence of numerous holiday villages, another serious problem- feral dogs that stray in packs, often large. Animals are very aggressive, secretive and cunning (learned from humans). Meeting with a flock is extremely dangerous in the same cases as with other predators. If such dogs fell on you, we advise you to use a peculiar method of protection. Since many of these animals still remember communication with a person, a sharp and imperative shout “no!” often helps.

Wild ungulates common for Russian and Ukain forests- moose, wild boars, deer, roe deer - are much more shy and cautious than predators, and, as a rule, leave a person. However, during the mating season, these animals are characterized by increased excitability and aggressiveness and can pose a significant danger. There are cases when an elk kept a tree “under siege” for hours, on which an unlucky tourist or hunter escaped from an angry elk.

How to avoid an unwanted meeting with wild beast? Perhaps the best way is to minimize the chance of collision. Refrain from traveling to areas where predator encounters are common; do not appear in the favorite habitats of dangerous animals. If you still went on a hiking trip, be extremely careful and careful, especially at night. The presence of predators or dangerous ungulates can be indicated by a variety of signs: footprints on the soil, crushed grass and undergrowth, peeled bark on trees, droppings, feeding places, and sometimes the remains of prey. Wolves, the first to smell a person, make specific sounds (snorting, howling, sonorous barking), warning other members of the pack, and especially young animals. Boars during the rut or feeding behave so noisily that it is not so difficult to notice them. Animal paths, impassable, overgrown with bushes and littered areas of the forest, windbreaks should be avoided. In such places, there is a high probability of meeting an animal, and besides, it is extremely inconvenient to retreat here. Going into the forest (best not alone), be sure to tell about where you are going to go and when you plan to return.

But what if an unpleasant date still happened? First of all, don't lose your presence of mind! Try not to panic. Experienced hunters it is believed that the animal feels when a person is afraid of him, your fear will only spur aggression, i.e., the instinct of an attack on a weaker opponent may work in the animal. No sudden movements and piercing screams - at least at the first moment, until you are sure that you can really scare the beast in this way, and not attract the beast. However, sometimes the scream actually confuses the animal and even turns it into a stampede. Stories are told about how a man, spreading his arms, ran screaming towards a bear, and he retreated in fear. However, not everyone is capable of such actions!

When meeting a bear or a tiger, you should not turn your back on the beast: he will regard such a pose as proof of your weakness. From danger, a person naturally tries to run away, but in this case, running away is good only if you are absolutely sure that you will reach a safer place (for example, a hunting lodge, a tree, a car, etc.) faster than a predator, and to do this in forest conditions is extremely difficult. It is almost impossible to run away from a bear or a tiger; besides, in all predators, the flight of the prey only warms up the desire to pursue it. Experts, as the best way out of the situation, are advised to freeze in place, and then as calmly as possible, backing away, retreat and, only having retired 10-15 meters, also slowly, sideways retreat. At these moments it is very important not to provoke a predator to aggressive behavior excessive courage or, on the contrary, cowardice, not to aggravate the situation, which at the very beginning is rather neutral than openly dangerous. The experience of unexpected encounters with a tiger shows that in about 80% of cases the animal does not show aggression at the first moment, behaves “cognitively”, does not leave the person, but does not approach him either. A tiger can simply stand still and look in the direction of a stranger, and then retire with dignity.

Experienced people do not advise looking directly into the eyes of a predator for a long time, since such a look (and a person, numb with fear, usually stares at the animal) can be perceived as rivalry and will only spur aggression.

Retreating, you need to carefully monitor the facial expressions of the animal in order to predict its intentions. A bear, for example, has a good "indicator" of a relatively calm state - ears standing upright. If the ears are pressed to the head, the hair on the back of the neck stands on end, the beast shows its teeth, trembles, hunches a little, it means that it is really angry and ready to attack.

When you are faced with large predator nose to nose, remember that there is a certain critical distance, under which the situation will still remain quite neutral and the beast will most likely not dare to attack first, but will only frighten. If the distance is less than critical, then the predator may feel cornered and go ahead, i.e., rush at the person. Therefore, suddenly finding yourself, for example, directly in front of a bear, move a few meters to the side, keeping a critical distance.

While in the forest, it is sometimes worth making your presence known (by voice or in another way), as if warning the animals and giving them the opportunity to leave. In general, if a person is not on the hunt, the most correct thing for him is to go noisily, speak loudly or hum. But here exclusively dangerous predator, a connecting rod bear, the sounds of a human voice can, on the contrary, attract.

Experienced hunters also talk about more "exotic" ways of behavior at critical moments of a meeting with a predator. This, for example, is the “persuasion” of the animal: the person began to talk affectionately about something and the calm intonation softened the aggressive tension of the animal. In some cases, objects thrown aside helped - a backpack, a hat, a sweater, food; they diverted the attention of the predator and gave time to retreat. Another way to reduce the aggression of the beast is to pretend to be dead, as some small animals do. It is recommended to fall on your side, if possible curl into a ball, reducing the surface of the body, and hide your head. It is likely that the beast will sniff, touch or even move you for a long time - you need to be prepared and endure for this.

To avoid direct contact with a predator, all methods are good, since an unprepared person has very few chances to emerge victorious in a fight with a tiger, wolf or bear. Meanwhile, experts note that hand-to-hand combat with brown bear more often ends in serious injuries than death on the spot, the beast is more likely to “remember”, but not kill. There were cases when hunters, having fallen into the “arms” of a bear, acted so decisively and courageously (any means were used, up to blows to a sensitive nose and bites!), That the beast retreated.

Nevertheless, let us remind you once again: there are no rules of conduct that would guarantee an unarmed person absolute safety when meeting with a large predator. Most importantly, try to avoid encountering wild animals.

Other type emergencies- careless handling of forest inhabitants that are quite harmless at first glance. Unfortunately, such emergencies happen much more often than attacks by large animals, and the person himself is primarily to blame for them.

From this point of view, many forest animals can be considered as potentially dangerous. First of all, it is an extensive and diverse group of poisonous animals.

At certain circumstances danger is represented by arachnids and insects, especially those biting and stinging - beetles, ants, wasps, mosquitoes, flies, butterflies. These small mobile animals, almost imperceptible in dense grass or bushes, are able to penetrate the eyes, nose, mouth, ears, which can lead to serious injuries, especially in children. Halts and overnight stays on a hike should be done away from places of accumulation of social insects; We also advise you to carefully check the clothes. Explain to young children that it is strictly forbidden to take insects in your hands, and even more so in your mouth, since even the most “kind” beetle will always have means of protection - spines, “jaws”, an unpleasant smell, caustic substances, etc.

Despite large-scale preventive measures, there is a threat of infection with serious diseases, which can be carried by forest insects. First of all, flies should be mentioned here. They carry pathogenic microorganisms (causative agents of dysentery, cholera, typhoid fever, diphtheria) on their lanks and proboscis. These insects are especially dangerous near forest dumps. A person is “owed” to ticks by such serious diseases as tick-borne encephalitis and piroplasmosis. No less dangerous are fleas (they carry plague and tularemia) and blood-sucking mosquitoes, which not only cause pain with bites, but also carry a number of pathogens. Perhaps the simplest and most accessible method of preventing the bites of these animals is a thorough examination of exposed areas of the body immediately after each visit to the forest, as well as the use of a wide arsenal modern means repelling insects. And of course - preventive vaccinations, thanks to which the frequency and severity of diseases has been significantly reduced.

Small and medium in size predatory mammals related to the mustelid family (badger, ermine, weasel, pine marten, black polecat, European mink, otter), are harmless only at first glance. Remember that mustelids are, although relatively small in size, but still the most real and very energetic predators capable of active and aggressive defense; when protecting the young, they are able to seriously bite. There are cases when a badger, disturbed in its hole, severely bit the hunting dogs and the hunters themselves, which they would never do first when they accidentally met a person. Some animals (for example, weasel, polecat, ermine) are not devoid of curiosity and willingly visit settlements, and in the forest they can approach the parking lot of tourists, especially at night.

It is not superfluous to recall once more about such an “iron” rule of behavior in the forest as a ban on destroying animal shelters - burrows, nests, etc. A person who violates this rule not only behaves unworthily towards our smaller brothers, but also exposes to grave danger own health and life, as in the face of loss own house or the death of offspring, the most peace-loving creature "goes wild".

In conditions of limited visibility, especially at night, any animal, even a harmless one, can be very frightening, especially a child, with a loud cry, a sudden sharp movement, or simply appearance(For example, non-venomous snakes). People sometimes had heart attacks from fright, when not only such a large bird like capercaillie, but even hazel grouse. The sharp and noisy rise of birds is nothing but active protection, designed to bring the predator into a state of shock for a moment. In the forest, with relative isolation, fright is much more difficult to bear and sometimes leads to severe stress, psychological trauma. Here you always need to be internally prepared for fear, for the fact that you can hear or see something “terrible”.

Study the habits of wild animals, then the fear of them will recede, and the forest dwellers will favorably accept you into their "company".

One day, while walking in the forest, I thought that the forest is not so safe. This world, separate from civilization and the bustle of the city, makes you think a little: there is complete silence and many dangers that can await us at every step. There are predators and poisonous plants... But that's not all! After some thought, I decided to tell you about possible dangers in the forest thicket, and what measures should be taken.

- this is the first thing you should think about when going for mushrooms or berries, or just walking through the same forest expanses. But the forest is both beautiful and wonderful, and the air is pleasant, fresh ... But at the same time, dangers are not ruled out. Unfortunately, it is not uncommon for people, having gone to the forest, to disappear or die, often for unknown reasons ... Although this does not mean that you will definitely run into danger, it is still worth protecting yourself.

And now let's take a closer look at what awaits us in the forest, and how to deal with it.

Watch out, poison!

As everyone knows, mushrooms and berries in the forest are both edible and inedible. If you are hungry, you should not rush to all sorts of "goodies" without knowing their names. It is better to take with you food taken from home or bought in a store. That will be safer. Alternatively, you can take sandwiches: here you don’t really need to take it, and you will eat well. And do not forget about water, because being without water for a long time is also not an option.

Delusion - the most famous case in the forest

Before going into the forest, take everything you need with you: a compass, a navigator, a small first aid kit (bandage, cotton wool, hydrogen peroxide), a knife, a plastic raincoat. Always remember the area you are in. And if you still get lost, try to make notches on the trees so as not to walk in circles. In general, there are plenty of ways to get out of the forest. Read about it. In this case, the main thing is not to panic and act according to the rules.

Annoying and dangerous insects

Mosquitoes, midges, ticks, how many of them are there ... Before going into the forest, wear long-sleeved clothes, tuck your pants into socks. In general, the body must be completely closed. It is better to choose clothes that are slippery, so that it is more difficult for insects to crawl on it, and not very dark, so that they are easier to notice. Remedies for mosquitoes and ticks - also by the way! And after the forest, carefully check. And stay away from power lines, most of the ticks are there.

Wild animals

There may be bears, wolves, and wild boars in the forest, there are many of them there ... Therefore, be on the lookout: take something to eat with you, not only for yourself, but also for the animals as well. And when you find the beast in the forest, try to appear invisible to him. Step back slowly and carefully, preferably facing him. And if he did see you and goes straight for you, you will have to take action. With each animal individually. More about this is written in.

Look, don't drown!

In the forest, not only animals and plants can be dangerous. No one has ruled out a swamp in the forest yet. Therefore, when you see an area overgrown with reeds in the forest, do not approach it. And when you feel the water under your feet, go back. And at the same time, do not try to build a hero out of yourself and try to step there or go further, otherwise it can suck in such a way that it doesn’t seem enough! But if you find yourself in a quagmire alone, the chances of salvation will be almost zero.

Ups and downs

Walking through the forest, there is a great chance to stumble upon an unexploded combat projectile. But since the Second World War, they have remained there - mother do not worry. Some of them were buried by partisans to destroy the Nazis, and some landed from military vehicles and remained lying there to this day. So, if you see anything rusty or looks like ammunition, do not touch it. Stay away from sin. Better yet, call the Ministry of Emergency Situations to neutralize the projectile.

So, after reading the above, keep it all in your memory as the apple of your eye, if you are going to go to the forest. But that's not all! In the forest, you can still (rarely, but quite possible):

• Get a bullet from a hunter
• Fall under a falling tree
• Fall into a hole full of wolves
• Run into a maniac or a forester
• Meet the devil

Yes, and try not to go into the forest alone, so there will be more chances for rescue in emergency situations. I wish you a pleasant walk. Take care of yourself!

The best way spend the weekend - go to the forest for mushrooms, for berries. About what dangers lie in wait for you on " silent hunting” will tell the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia for the Pskov Region.

Danger #1 - Snakes

Snakes, as a rule, are found in pine-forest landscapes, along the outskirts of swamps, in clearings and clearings, near streams and forest rivers. In spring and autumn, snakes are active from 11 am to 5 pm.

In most cases, meeting with a snake can be avoided if you follow the basic rules of behavior in dangerous places:

Wandering in tall grass, in swamps, in stone placers, in deadwood, it is necessary to wear high boots, thick woolen socks; tight, body-hugging trousers tucked into shoes;

In order to avoid a snake bite, carefully look under your feet so as not to step on it; a stick put forward will not be superfluous. Vipers have a weak sense of smell and hearing, the sudden appearance of a person can prevent the snake from hiding in a timely manner;

Do not sit on fallen trees, stumps, etc., without first examining them;

In no case should you check with your hands the hollows of trees, voids under the roots, rodent burrows.

If you see a snake, it is better to walk around it, and do not try to kill or drive it away.

If the bite could not be avoided, then it is necessary to immediately provide the victim with complete rest in a horizontal position. Please try to deliver it as soon as possible. medical institution. Independent movement of the victim is unacceptable!

Danger #2 - Mushrooms

About 2 thousand species of mushrooms grow in Russia, of which 300 species are edible, but only 60 end up on the table. The rest are poisonous or simply inedible, have an extremely unpleasant taste and smell. poisonous mushrooms when eaten, cause various disorders in the human body up to fatality. Poisonous mushrooms include: fly agaric, pale grebes, small types of umbrellas, lines, cobwebs, fibers, etc. Therefore, in order to prevent poisoning, never pick mushrooms:

close industrial enterprises, landfills, fields treated with chemicals, railway tracks and highways, under high-voltage lines, within the city;

With an unpleasant odor, having a tuberous thickening at the base;

With a shell, a “bag” at the base of the leg (like a pale grebe, a red fly agaric);

Old, wormy, eaten or soaked in water after long rains- it is possible that the process of protein decomposition has begun in them;

Appeared after the first frost, which can cause the appearance of toxic substances in them;

After long hot days and lack of precipitation, do not collect the first harvest of mushrooms, because. even edible ones can be poisonous and life-threatening.

Eating poisonous mushrooms can lead to damage to the gastrointestinal tract, damage to the central nervous system, cardiovascular systems, damage to the liver and kidneys up to death.

Danger #3 - Ticks

How to avoid tick attacks? There is nothing difficult or complicated here. Going to the forest:

Choose clothes with long sleeves that fit snugly around the wrist;

Be sure to wear trousers and tuck them into high boots;

Don't forget the headgear;

Choose clothes in light colors to make it easier to notice the attacked tick;

Treat your clothing with an anti-mite repellent;

Lubricate the skin of the neck and hands with camphor or mint oil;

Periodically inspect your clothes in the forest and the following parts of the body: neck, armpits, groin, ears. Due to the fact that in these places the skin is the most delicate and thin, the tick most often sticks here.

When moving through the forest, beware of tall grass and bushes.

Danger #4 - Getting Lost

What should you do to avoid getting lost in the forest?

Charge mobile. Even if there is no network of your operator in the forest where you got lost, then “112” always works. A person with a mobile phone is easier to find.

Study the map of the area where you plan to go mushroom picking.

Wear bright clothes that will be noticeable from afar.

Inform relatives about the planned trip to the forest and about the approximate time of return. It is easier to find a person in hot pursuit.

If the forest is unfamiliar, try not to leave the paths, since they all go, as a rule, onto the road. You can leave beacons - break branches, make notches on trees in order to go back according to your marks.

When going to the forest, take a compass, matches, a supply of food with you: just in case.

About incidents in the conditions natural environment should be reported by calling "112". In the event of an alarm, searches can be organized immediately.

Your attention is invited to a lesson on the topic " forest hazards". On it we will consider what dangers can lie in wait for a person in the forest. This knowledge will be useful to you when you are going to rest in the forest, as it will allow you to find out which of the animals living there are dangerous, which plants should not be eaten.

Theme: Health and safety

Lesson:forest hazards

Many people go to the forest to relax, because there you can pick mushrooms and berries, get some fresh air and watch the life of animals. While in the forest, you need to follow certain rules.

Sometimes vipers can be found in a swamp or in a forest. They can be of different colors, but they always have a zigzag stripe on their back. Sometimes snakes are so dark that the stripe on their back is almost invisible. Distinguish harmless common grass snake from poisonous viper possible according to specific yellow spots on the head.

The viper prefers places where the ground is covered with moss, there are old stumps and heaps of brushwood lie. If not provoked, she does not attack people. The bite of a viper is very dangerous, especially for young children. If a person is bitten by a viper, you must immediately call 112 and report the incident.

Another danger in the forest is wasps. If a person accidentally or deliberately damaged a hornet's nest, angry wasps can sting him in any part of the body. The sting of the wasp does not get stuck in the body, like the sting of the bee, because the wasp can sting several times in a row. The wasp has poison near the sting, because of its impact, the stung place swells quickly and strongly, and wasps can sting small animals to death. If they are not disturbed, the wasps will not pay any attention to the person. The main thing is not to make any sudden movements, then even a wasp crawling on your arm will not sting.

You can see a lot in the forest different plants: some have beautiful foliage, others have a wonderful smell, others bloom beautifully. If a person does not know anything about a plant, in no case should it be touched, because it can be dangerous.

The raven eye is a beautiful plant. It has a tall stem, four leaves at the top and a single flower that turns into a blue berry in autumn. This plant is very poisonous, especially the berry and rhizome.

Another plant is wolf's bast. This shrub is sometimes confused with sea buckthorn. They can be distinguished by the fact that sea buckthorn has yellow or orange berries, while wolf's bast has red berries. If a person eats only 10 berries of a wolf's bast, fatal poisoning will occur. In no case should you tear the flowering branches of this plant for bouquets, because it has a very poisonous bark.

Rice. 7. Wolf bast inflorescence ()

Everyone knows the lily of the valley with beautiful white flowers.

This is also a poisonous plant, most often poisoning occurs with its berries. The person begins dizziness, nausea and even loss of consciousness.

Hemlock. Its stem is high, up to 1.5 meters, and at the top there are white umbrellas of flowers. The plant blooms for a long time - from May to the end of autumn. Sometimes it is confused with parsley because of similar leaves, or with cumin because of the similarity of fruits. Hemlock is a very poisonous plant, if a person is poisoned by it, it will be difficult to save him.

Rice. 10. Sosnovsky's hogweed ()

Sosnovsky's hogweed is a very tall plant; a person sitting on a horse can hardly reach its inflorescences. This plant is dangerous with its beautiful carved leaves, they can burn a person so that the scars remain for life.

Rice. 11 and 12. European spindle tree () ()

European euonymus is a small shrub, up to three meters tall, its flowers are inconspicuous, with an unpleasant odor, but in autumn the plant becomes very attractive - red boxes hang from the tree, which are very poisonous.

Belena is black. She has a thick, hairy stem, dark green leaves, in place of the flower appears a box with a lid, which contains seeds resembling poppy seeds. Children confuse them, and the plant is very poisonous. A person after poisoning may begin insanity, loss of memory, he begins to do unreasonable actions. Therefore, among the people there is even a saying about a person who behaves inappropriately: "I overate henbane."

Another danger in the forest is the tick. Ticks are intelligent creatures and know how to hunt. They ambush on the blades of grass and on the branches of the bushes that grow along the paths. As soon as a person or animal passes by, the tick stretches out its paws, clinging to the victim. On its paws, it has claws and suction cups, which allows the tick to hook firmly. No wonder there is a saying "clung like a tick." When a person goes to the forest, he must dress properly. Clothing should be with a tight-fitting collar and cuffs, trousers tucked into shoes, hair tucked under a hat or scarf. You can use special repellent sprays against insects. After walking through the woods, be sure to carefully examine the body. If a child finds a tick on the body, he should turn to adults, remove it carefully so as not to crush it. The saliva of the tick may contain an infection, so it is better to consult a doctor.

Mushrooms appear in the forest in summer and autumn. But in order to collect them, one must learn to distinguish edible mushrooms from poisonous ones.

Fly agaric red - found both in conifers and in deciduous forests from July to October.

Another species is the panther fly agaric. His hat is gray or brown. The dots on the hat are arranged in even rows.

There is a smelly fly agaric, its leg is covered with scales, and it smells unpleasant. These mushrooms are deadly poisonous.

False foam is sulfur-yellow - its plates are greenish, and the flesh is yellow with an unpleasant odor. This mushroom is deadly poisonous.

Rice. 20. Talker whitish ()

The whitish talker is a deadly poisonous mushroom. It can be confused with a load, but the talker does not have milky juice.

deadly poisonous and death cap. She looks different: white, grayish, brown, but she always has white plates under her hat, white ring on a stalk and a torn pouch at the bottom of the mushroom. It can sometimes be confused with champignon, which has pink or purple plates, and there is no bag at the bottom of the leg.

When collecting edible mushrooms, do not shoot down those that remain in the forest. The forest needs everything that grows in it. Amanitas eat moose. Hogweed is a delicacy for a bear. poisonous plants people cure many diseases. In nature, everything is interconnected, and the extinction of some living beings entails the disappearance of others. Each person should live in such a way as not to harm nature, but to help it.

1. Pleshakov A.A. The world around us: textbook. and slave. tetra. for grade 2 early school - M .: Education, 2006.
2. Bursky O.V., Vakhrushev A.A., Rautian A.S. The world around.- Balass.
3. Vinogradova N.F. The world around us.- VENTANA-GRAF.

1. Survival Encyclopedia ().
   
2. Velotut.ru ().
   

1. Read p. 28 - 29 of the textbook Pleshakov A. A. "The world around us" and give answers to questions 1-3.
2. Draw some dangerous forest animals or plants, sign them and give a short description.
3. Having gathered according to all the rules, take a walk through the forest. After the walk, write down everything you saw. What new did you learn from practical research?
4. *Make a small crossword puzzle by encrypting in it several animals, plants, mushrooms, insects that can be dangerous to humans.

The holiday season has come to an end, but the mushroom season, thanks to warm rainy weather, will last for a long time, forecasts promise. We decided to remind you of the dangers that you need to be prepared for so as not to spoil your pleasant walk through the autumn forest.

rabid animals

Most cases of rabies among wild animals are recorded in autumn and winter. Foxes, wolves, ferrets - all these animals familiar to our forests are often carriers of a dangerous rabies virus, which, when the first symptoms appear, leads to death in 100% of cases. As a rule, sick animals behave inappropriately and can come close to humans. Therefore, you should beware of wild animals, and if you could not avoid being bitten, then you should go to the nearest clinic for vaccination as soon as possible, which will protect against the spread of the virus in the body.

Poisonous mushrooms and berries

There is a golden rule of a mushroom picker: if you don't know a mushroom, don't take it. Therefore, if there is any doubt, it is not worth the risk, since such a risk can cost a life. Especially common mistake beginner mushroom pickers is an eaten pale toadstool, which is mistaken for russula. Eating this mushroom in 100% of cases leads to death from destruction of the liver. The same rule applies to berries, which, despite their attractive appearance, can be dangerous.

Mosquitoes and ticks

Mosquitoes and ticks become a little less in autumn than in summer, but at this time they are especially large and sting especially fiercely, so they can cause serious trouble to lovers of recreation on fresh air. There is only one way to deal with them: apply a repellent to open parts of the body, which will at least somehow scare off annoying insects, which from year to year are becoming less susceptible to chemical compounds. It is also worth wearing tight clothes and a hat for the duration of the hike.

In which case, do not panic: ticks themselves are completely harmless. If a tick has stuck to you only a few hours ago, then it does not pose a serious health hazard, and you can get rid of it in a couple of minutes with tweezers and a few drops of petroleum jelly. But remember that the danger is tick-borne encephalitis, which these insects often carry. Therefore, a tick that has bitten more than 12 hours ago should be removed and taken to the clinic for analysis.

Danger of getting lost

Chase after beautiful views autumn forest or the fascination with collecting numerous mushrooms can also be fraught with the danger of getting lost. Every year with the onset mushroom season police, rescuers and volunteers are looking for dozens and hundreds of people through the forests in all regions of Russia. Unfortunately, not everyone is found. So, if you suddenly get lost, first of all, calm down and do not panic. If you suspect that someone will start looking for you soon, it is best to stay where you are and periodically call for help or serve others. sound signals. If you went into the forest alone and you know that no one will miss you soon, listen to the noise and try to isolate the sounds of civilization from it: the sounds of moving vehicles, the barking of dogs - and move in their direction. It is best to walk along paths or along a stream or river.

You should also remember a very important rule that all guests of the forest, without exception, must adhere to: clean up after yourself. Leave the forest in the state it was in before you arrived. There is nothing more unpleasant than watching overwhelmed plastic bottles and plastic bags from polyana chips. Collect the garbage in a bag and take it with you, taking at the same time the garbage of those who rested before you.