Slovenia temperature by month. Climate of Slovenia. Thermal resorts of Slovenia

Administratively, Slovenia is divided into 12 statistical units (Gorenjska, Goriška, Zasavska, Koroška, ​​Lower Posavska, Notranjska Kraška, Obalno-Kraška,

Podravska, Pomurska, Savinska, Central Slovenia, South-Eastern Slovenia). In addition, the country is divided into 210 communities, 11 of which have city status.

The largest cities in the country are:

Attractions

Museums and galleries

Entertainment

Parks and Recreation

Leisure

Things to do

Thermal resorts of Slovenia

Slovenia is famous for its thermal springs, offering guests of the country various health and treatment programs. Resorts have thermal waters various properties, having a temperature from + 27 to + 37 ° C, as well as mineral waters, including the world famous Radenska and Donat Mg waters with a unique content of magnesium salts. The links below will take you to the specific resort page and find detailed description properties of water.

Ski resorts in Slovenia

Slovenia, for all its compactness and access to the fairly warm Adriatic Sea, can boast of the presence of good ski resorts. Using the links below you will find a description of the resorts, their main characteristics, photographs, location on the map and hotels nearby.

• Ski resort Maribor Pohorje
• Ski resort Kranjska Gora

Beach holidays in Slovenia

Slovenia occupies the territory in the north-west of the Balkan Peninsula and in the north of the Istrian Peninsula. The country's seaside resorts are located on the coast of the Gulf of Trieste Adriatic Sea. The length of the coast is 46 km, the beaches of Slovenia are covered with small pebbles, bulk sand, there are also rocky beaches and concrete platforms. Sea water very clean. Star hotels have their own beaches, but mostly Slovenian beaches are municipal. They are well equipped, have changing cabins and showers, and you can rent a sunbed and umbrella (3-5 euros). There are also grassy or sandy beaches on the shores of the lakes. The swimming season lasts from July to September.

Main beaches of Slovenia:

Nature protection areas of Slovenia

Guests of the country are attracted not only by the many architectural and historical attractions, beach holidays on the Adriatic coast, ski resorts, but also ample opportunities for ecotourism. Fortunately, in Slovenia, despite its relative compactness, there is no shortage of various types of national parks and environmental zones. The main and most interesting of them are listed below; follow the links for detailed information and various contacts.

Getting around the country

Since Slovenia has a small area, there are no domestic airlines in the country. Therefore, the most common type public transport here are buses and trains.

Bus

Bus service in Slovenia is very well developed; by bus you can reach the most remote corners of the country. Buses run regularly and are very comfortable. The ticket price depends on the destination, for example, from Ljubljana to Bohinj (50 km) you can travel for 8 euros.

Among urban public transport, the bus is also the most popular. Buses on main routes in cities operate from 3:00 to 00:00, the rest - from 5:00 to 22:30. You can buy a bus ticket at the bus station ticket office. The cost of travel around the city will be 1.20 euros (ticket for 1 hour, you can change trains). The fare does not depend on the distance. Paying for travel in the capital is possible only with an Urbana karta transport card (cash is not accepted on the bus), which can be purchased and topped up at special terminals at bus stops or at tobacco and newsstands. There are also different types of travel tickets.

Train

The country's railway network is managed by the state-owned company "". First Railway was laid across the territory of Slovenia in 1840. Railway routes cover almost the entire territory of the country, there is regular communication between major cities. Trains are represented by commuter trains and by fast trains Eurocity and Intercity (ICS). The carriages are comfortable and equipped with air conditioning. Main Train Station in Ljubljana is located in the very center of the city.

Train tickets are sold in railway ticket offices and tourist offices.

Taxi

There are taxi services in every city in Slovenia. Taxi cars are equipped with meters. The fare for them is as follows: about 1.5-2 euros per landing, and then 1.2-2 euros for each kilometer traveled. Long-distance travel, travel at night and on holidays may cost more. For example, a taxi ride from Ljubljana airport to the city center (20 km) will cost about 40 euros. Taxis can be found in parking lots, stopped by “voting” or called by phone.

Auto

Car enthusiasts can travel around the country in a rented car. To rent a car, the driver must be at least 21 years old, have at least 1 year of driving experience, and present driver license international standard, as well as provide a credit card from any bank (or make a cash deposit, the amount of which depends on the type of car).

The main highways in Slovenia are two routes perpendicular to each other: Slovenik (northeast - southwest of the country) and Illyrica (northwest - southeast). Traffic on them is toll-free. Auxiliary highways are free. The speed limit on highways is 130 km/h, on other roads - 90 km/h, in cities - 50 km/h. According to Slovenian rules, the headlights of a moving car must be turned on at any time of the day. Parking lots are paid and marked with a blue line.

Kitchen

The cuisine of Slovenia is a mix of Slavic, Mediterranean, Austrian and German culinary traditions. From German cuisine to Slovenian cuisine came the widespread use of sauerkraut, a love for fried homemade sausages and schnitzels, and from Austrian cuisine came many ways of preparing omelettes, the presence of apple strudels and other desserts. Slavic culinary traditions are represented in Slovenian cuisine in the form of a wide variety of first courses, porridges, varieties of dumplings, dumplings and dumplings. A tribute to Mediterranean cuisine is the widespread use of seafood and herbs.

As a rule, a meal in Slovenia begins with local cheese prepared using authentic technologies.

Among the traditional first courses are “kisla juha” (pork soup with vegetables and vinegar), beef soup “govea juha”, mushroom soup, fish soup “brodet”, “vipavska jota” (sauerkraut soup with smoked meat).

Among meat dishes On the Slovenian table, traditional sausages “krajinske klobase” and “čevapčiči”, a version of kebab “radšnjiči”, dried ham “pržut”, chicken “kurji paprikash” with red bechamel sauce, goulash in a pot “bograč” stand out. Among baked goods with meat, it is worth trying “burek” - a layered meat pie with cheese, “štrukli” dough balls stuffed with minced meat, and dumplings with lamb “žlikrofi z bakeltse”.

Slovenian cuisine also includes seafood dishes; in particular, “Slovenian pilaf” is popular in the country - with mussels, crabs and shrimp.

A traditional side dish is porridge (zhgantsy), buckwheat porridge is especially popular. There is also a large selection of sweet peppers stuffed with all kinds of fillings.

It is recommended to end your meal in a Slovenian restaurant with desserts, among which are “creme schnitt” (puff pastry cake with vanilla cream and whipped cream), “potica” nut pies, “gibanica” hot cake (made from puff pastry, filled with poppy seeds) , nuts, raisins, apples and cottage cheese), Austrian strudel, which in Slovenia is called “zavitek”, pancakes with whipped cream “palacinka”, as well as sweet potato balls filled with apricots or plums, served with sugar.

In Slovenia, it is customary to drink Turkish coffee, but restaurant menus also include black coffee and coffee with cream (“kava with sour cream”). Black tea (the so-called “Russki tea”) is extremely difficult to find; Slovaks call herbal tea tea.

Among the alcoholic drinks in Slovenia, it is worth mentioning home-made pear vodka “Viljamovka”, juniper vodka “Brinjenets”, plum vodka “slivovka” and liqueur “Pleterska Hruska” with pear in a bottle. Popular beer brands are Elatorog, Union and Gambrinus.

Slovenia is famous for its wines. The country's vineyards are located at the same latitude as the famous vineyards of Burgundy and Bordeaux; winemaking traditions date back to the Roman era. Therefore, local wines will be able to satisfy the taste of the most demanding gourmets. Among the local wines, the most notable are “Teran”, “Porto”, “Refoshk”, “Shipon”, “Chardonnay Izbor”, “Lashki Riesling”, “Modra Frankinha”, “Modri ​​Pinot”, “Chardonnay Vurberg”, “Majski-Vrh” .

You can eat in Slovenia almost any time and anywhere. The country has a rating system for establishments Catering. Thus, the highest ranking establishment is called “restavracija”, followed by “gostilna” or “gostisce” - traditional taverns. Small national eateries are called “okrepcevalnica”. You can drink beer with a light snack in the “pivnitsa”, coffee with dessert in the “kavarna”, and eat ice cream in the “slascicarna”. Compared to all-European prices, prices in cafes and restaurants in Slovenia are low, and the quality of prepared food is at the proper level. For example, you can have a hearty dinner for 8-10 euros per person, with alcohol - 15-20 euros. In hotels and restaurants, a service charge is included in the bill. It is customary for waiters to leave a tip of about 10% of the bill.

Purchases

Tourists visiting Slovenia note that the country has great opportunities for high-quality and inexpensive shopping. The country has a variety of retail outlets - from small souvenir shops and fashion boutiques of famous world designers to large department stores and large shopping centers.

Store opening hours

Shops in Slovenia are open from 7:00-8:00 to 19:00 on weekdays, on Saturdays - from 8:00 to 13:00 - 14:00. In resort towns, shops are open longer, open on Saturdays and half a day on Sundays. Large department stores and shopping centers open daily.

What to buy

First of all, in Slovenia it is worth buying high-quality leather shoes, in particular, those produced by the local shoe factory Alpina. Its stores can be found in all major cities countries. Women will certainly love the beautiful and comfortable underwear made by the famous Slovenian company Pascarel.

Since the country is rich in thermal springs and healing fango mud, you can purchase cosmetics produced on their basis by local cosmetology companies.

Souvenirs from Slovenia

As souvenirs from Slovenia, tourists bring clothes and household items made of linen, decorated with hand embroidery, lace from Idrija, pottery, interior items made of wicker, wood carvings from the Ribnik Valley, crystal, ceramics and glass.

Among the “delicious” souvenirs, it makes sense to buy the meat delicacy “pršut”, chocolate “Gorenka” in 1 kg packaging, Slovenian wines and locally produced strong alcoholic drinks - “meditsa”, “khruskovets”, “viljamovka”. Since Slovenia is famous for beekeeping, you can bring small painted decorative hives and various types of honey as souvenirs.

Discounts

Discounts in stores in Slovenia happen several times a year: in winter (New Year and Christmas sales) and at the end of summer (sale of summer collections). During these periods, discounts on goods in the country reach 40-70%.

Tax Free

When leaving Slovenia, all non-EU residents are entitled to a VAT refund of 22%. The tax refund system can be used when purchasing any goods (except alcohol and cigarettes) worth more than 60 euros. To receive a tax refund, you must issue a special Refund Check by making a purchase at a retail outlet marked with the Global Refund Tax Free logo. When departing from the airport (before checking in your luggage), you must present to the customs officer a Tax Free receipt, a receipt for goods and purchases in store packaging with price tags. Funds can be collected at the Cash Refund Office counter in cash or on a credit card by mailing a check to Global Refund, or by bank transfer to the address provided.

Connection

Telephone

While in Slovenia, telephone calls can be made using payphones powered by cards and tokens, the cost of which depends on the denomination (100 units, 200 units). You can purchase cards and tokens for telephone calls at post offices, newspaper and tobacco kiosks, etc.

• To call Slovenia from a landline phone to a landline number: 8 - 10 - 386 - area code - subscriber number.
• To call Slovenia from a landline phone to a mobile number: 8 - 10 - subscriber number (the international dialing code of Slovenia 386 is already included in the mobile number).
• To call Slovenia from mobile phone to a mobile number: + 386 - subscriber number.

Main telephone codes of Slovenian cities:

• Ljubljana - 01
• Maribor – 02
• Bohinj – 04
• Portorož – 05
• Rogaska Slatina – 05

Emergency phone numbers

mobile connection

GSM communication standards in Slovenia are 900/1800. There are several mobile operators operating in the country today:

WiFreeLjubljana, which allows unlimited free access to city sites, and free access to all other Internet resources for the first hour.

Economy

Safety

Slovenia is a completely safe country for tourists. Attitude towards Russians guests here are very respectful; service workers for the most part understand Russian, in addition to which they also speak in English, on the coast- By- Italian, and on the lakes- in German.

located in the Eastern Alps, in southeastern Europe, in the northwestern part of the Balkan Peninsula. It is in Slovenia that Central and Southern Europe intersect. The country has western borders with Italy, northern with Austria and northeastern with Hungary, and Croatia borders on the east and south with Slovenia, this is the longest border of the country. Slovenia partially includes the Istrian peninsula.

Slovenia is washed by waters Adriatic Sea, or rather, his Gulf of Trieste. The coast stretches for 46.6 km.

Capital of the country is a city Ljubljana, the largest in area and population, and also containing many economic, cultural and political centers.

The area of ​​Slovenia is about 20.3 thousand square meters. km.

The country is dominated by mountainous terrain, and karst phenomena are frequent. About two-fifths of the entire country is occupied Eastern Alps, located in the north. In the northwestern part there are ridges Julian Alps. This is where highest point Slovenia - Mount Triglav 2864 m high. Impressive mountain peaks are also part of the southern Savina Alps, ridge Karavanke on the Slovenian-Austrian border, as well as the eastern massif Pohorje.

An abundance of karst terrain and caves (about 6,000) can be found in the southwestern limestone plateau of Kras, which is the outskirts of the large-scale Dinaric Highlands.

There are very few flat areas in Slovenia. Plains crossed by hills are located in the valleys of the Krna and Kupa rivers. The Sava River valley is fertile and densely populated, Pannonian Valley, and especially Dolenjska. Hilly area Primorska located on part of the Istrian peninsula.

Slovenia is a very green country, large areas are covered with forests. Moreover, a significant part of them is unique, since it consists of relict broad-leaved Central European and mountain dark coniferous forests. In general, the flora of Slovenia is extremely diverse: from beech and oak forests to green alpine meadows.

In Slovenia a large number of rivers, which, however, do not perform navigable functions and are used only for hydropower purposes. The predominant number of Slovenian rivers are located in the basin Danube. The largest of them is the river Sava, originating in the Julian Alps and crossing the country in a south-easterly direction. In the Sava basin, in turn, flow such rivers as Krka, Kolpa (Kupa) And Ljubljanica(the capital of Slovenia is also located on the latter).

The vast majority of Slovenian lakes are of mountainous or glacial origin. This is exactly what the largest in Slovenia is Lake Bohinj(3.18 sq. km area), and also Bledskoe And Triglav lakes. In addition, the country has a number of karst reservoirs, for example, a wild lake and the almost disappeared Lake Cerknica.

Climate

The country's climate is determined by the influence of the nearby Adriatic Sea and the Alpine Mountains, which block the path of cold northern winds and delay southern ones. air masses.

In Slovenia, there are quite clearly three climatic zones: coastal areas, central areas and the eastern part of the country.

The climate of the Adriatic coast belongs to subtropical Mediterranean type. In summer it is hot, the thermometer often rises above +27 °C, but in winter it almost never gets cooler than +10 °C. Spring and autumn are times of heavy rainfall, the volume of which can reach 381 mm per month.

Ian Vasquez

Brief description of the climate of Slovenia

Weather conditions in Slovenia throughout the year

Slovenia- a real Mecca for lovers of a bright holiday! Slovenia is an excellent alternative to Italy and Austria. There are much fewer tourists here, prices are more affordable, but the landscapes are just as breathtaking, and the cities are picturesque! Mountains and sea, lakes and waterfalls, caves and forests - it’s amazing how so many attractions fit into such a small area!

When going to this part of Europe, unexplored by our tourists, it is important to understand when the high season is in Slovenia, what dates to book tickets for, and what things to take with you. Therefore, before packing your bags, it is worth getting acquainted with the climate of this mountainous country.

Climatic zones of Slovenia: why is it never boring here?

Slovenia is clearly divided into three climatic zones: temperate continental, alpine, Mediterranean. Beach season lasts from May to October, ski resorts open from December to March. The remaining months are an ideal time to relax on the plains, get acquainted with Slovenian culture, tour the medieval principalities, explore karst caves and visit thermal health resorts. Balneological resorts accept patients all year round, so visiting Slovenia is useful at any time!

Alpine or mountain climate- This is the north-west of the country, the Alps region. The air in this area is cool, clean, saturated with ions and moisture. The snow here lasts longer than on the plains and melts 1 - 2 weeks later. Winter temperatures are slightly lower than in other areas and range from 0 to -8 degrees at night.

Average temperature: from 4 to 6 degrees below 0 in the mountains and from 0 to 2 degrees in intermountain valleys. In summer it is always cooler here than in the coastal and central regions. The amount of precipitation in the Alps region sometimes exceeds 2000 mm. In the highlands the weather is unpredictable: the air temperature can drop by 10 degrees within an hour!

Continental or Central European climate- This is the central and eastern part of the country. Only in these areas the air temperature in summer can rise to +32 degrees (average +20..+22°C). The main features of a temperate continental climate are hot summers and mild winters. In eastern Slovenia it is always warm in winter. The thermometer marks from November to February record from 0 to -2 degrees. It is snowing very rarely, and melts almost immediately. Peak precipitation occurs between August and November.

Mediterranean climate zone or subtropics- this is the coast. In coastal areas, the air temperature in summer is +22..+24°C, sometimes the thermometer jumps to +27. In winter, the temperature rarely drops below +10°C. It falls on the coast maximum amount precipitation, especially in the autumn-spring period.

Weather in Slovenia, or how many days does it rain in high season?

Official opening of the Adriatic – June 1, closing swimming season– September 20. It is September that is recommended by many travel agencies as “ Golden time" The water temperature in the first half of September is +22 degrees (until the end of the month the mark does not fall below +20 degrees).

The high season in Slovenia is July and August. The sea warms up to +24.4 degrees. There are no strong currents along the coast of Slovenia, and the depth of the bays does not exceed 40 meters. Thanks to these factors, the sea warms up very quickly, and throughout the year the water temperature corresponds to the air temperature (with a difference of 2-3 degrees).

The climate on the coast is mild. From May to October, only a light breeze can disturb vacationers. Summer in Slovenia is full of sunshine, and it rains only 6 days a month! In the “Port of Roses” (this is how the name of the Portorož resort is translated) there are up to 2335 sundial per year. Other cities in Slovenia are blessed with a little less sun.

The air temperature is as comfortable as possible. It never gets as hot here as in more southern countries. August 2003 was recognized as a record warm month. In Portorož the air temperature then was +26.1!

Tourist seasons in Slovenia: 365 unforgettable days.

The Alps do not allow cold northern winds into Slovenia and trap warm air masses from the south. The Adriatic Sea creates a gentle Mediterranean climate in this part of Europe. The geography and landscape make Slovenia beautiful and welcoming all year round.

The Slovenian winter lasts exactly 3 months: it begins in December and ends in February, and in early March the sun is already shining and the grass is green on the plains. In mid-spring it is rainy and cloudy in Slovenia, but in May real summer begins. The Slovenian summer lasts for 5 whole months, because autumn-like cool days begin only in October, and September is sunny and warm.

What can surprise Slovenia?

Slovenia can compete with the UK in terms of quantity and “quality” of fogs. Slovenian fogs are a unique phenomenon. In winter, the fogs here are so dense that when sitting in a car, you won’t be able to see the hood! The haze may not clear for several weeks. The strongest and most frequent fogs are in the capital of Slovenia, Ljubljana. Ljubljana is located in a lowland. The Ljubljanica River flows through the city, significantly increasing the haze.

Another reason to visit Slovenia in winter: the season of Christmas and New Year discounts. You can purchase goods here at this time with a discount of up to 70%! Shopping lovers will certainly be interested in the products of the Slovenian shoe factory Alpina. The brand offers leather shoes of excellent quality. Underwear from Pascarel is also popular among foreign tourists.

Slovenia also produces organic cosmetics, the composition of which is enriched with healing fango mud. In short, Slovenia is a paradise not only for speleologists and climbers, but also for connoisseurs of quality shopping.

What to do in Slovenia in spring, when ski season is already closed, but the beach is still far from opening? Nordicwalking (or nordic walking) is a great alternative excursion tours. Slovenia is one of the world centers of Nordic walking. After all, there is no better place and time for this popular entertainment! The air is saturated with the aroma of flowers, the routes are impressively beautiful, and the prices in hotels are affordable.

The art of packing suitcases: what to take with you to Slovenia?

Slovenia is not too picky when it comes to style. As a rule, people here give preference to convenience and do not chase fashion. Slovenian women often neglect makeup and dress with a kind of charming carelessness (in this they resemble French women). Casual and sporty styles dominate in clothing, so you can easily limit yourself to jeans (leggings, skinny ones), low-top shoes and comfortable ones. outerwear(by season).

There is no point in packing too many warm clothes, even if you are traveling in winter. A warm parka or down jacket is enough. Frosts in Slovenia are extremely rare, there is no strong wind either, but due to the high humidity, even at 0 it feels like the temperature is much lower. When traveling in the fall, don't forget to take a raincoat or raincoat with you. Waterproof shoes and an umbrella will also be very useful.

Summary: Slovenia adheres to pan-European canons, so our tourists will not have any difficulties with the dress code. Be guided by the weather!

Weather in Slovenia by month.

December.

The weather in Slovenia in winter depends greatly on the region. In Maribor the temperature drops to -2 degrees, and in Ljubljana 0..+2 degrees.

January.

The average daytime temperature is +6 degrees, the water warms up to +11 degrees. Best places for a holiday in Slovenia in January - these are Rogaska Slatina, Maribor, Moravian Toplice.

February.

It's time to visit the resorts of Bovec, Bled, Kranska Gora, Cerkno, Maribor Pohorje. After all, February is best time for a ski holiday!

March.

It's time to exchange your snowboard for a bicycle, get to know the main cities of Slovenia or discover one of 15 unique health resorts.

April.

During the day in Moravian Toplice it is already +17 degrees, and the sea warms up to +15 degrees. The sun shines for at least 15 days, and it rains only a few times a month.

May.

Water temperature in the Adriatic Sea is +18..+19°C. In Bohinj it can rain for half a month, but in Otočica there is sun all month. Great time for ecotourism.

June.

Sea temperature +22, air temperature +27 degrees. In the first half of June, holidays by the sea are as comfortable as possible: calm weather, no heat and a minimum number of people on the beaches. It's not over yet in European schools academic year, so there are practically no families with children.

July and August.

Start high season! Time for the resorts Portorož, Izola, Strunjan, Piran and Koper.

September.

The Velvet season. There are very few families with children on the beaches (the school year has begun). There are also significantly fewer tourists. The sea is warm, the weather is fine.

October.

The swimming season is closed, but in most parts of the country it is still warm, the temperature during the day does not drop below +14 degrees, and the amount of precipitation is minimal. What to do in Slovenia in October? Try the famous Maribor wines, ride horses and get acquainted with Slovenian cuisine.

November.

Slovenia is divinely beautiful in November! “Forests dressed in scarlet and gold...” And even the fact that the air temperature is +10 degrees, and you risk getting caught in the rain, does not stop tourists who want to get to know this picturesque country.

One of the best European health resorts, the cradle of several civilizations and cultures, a country with rich history and amazing cuisine! Luxurious health resorts, the gentle Adriatic Sea, the majestic Alps - Slovenia is hospitable and multifaceted!

Weather in cities and resorts by month

Ljubljana

Koper

Maribor

Slovenia is located on the border of Central and Southern Europe, at the northwestern tip of the Balkan Peninsula. It has a predominantly mountainous terrain, known for karst phenomena. Mostly located in the temperate continental climate zone.

The length of the borders is 1,086 km. In the west, Slovenia borders with Italy (199 km), in the north - with Austria (330 km), in the northeast - with Hungary (102 km), in the east and south - with Croatia (455 or 670 km). Slovenia has access to the Gulf of Trieste on the Adriatic Sea and occupies part of the Istrian peninsula, where the country's main port, the city of Koper, is located. The length of the coast is 46.6 km, territorial waters are 12 nautical miles.

Slovenia is a mountainous country. Its northern and northwestern parts are spurs of the Alps (30% of the country's territory are the Julian Alps with the highest point of the country, Mount Triglav, 2864 m; Karavanke Mountains with the peak of Grintavets, 2558 m). The southern and western regions belong to the periphery of the Dinaric Highlands (30%), and the extreme northeast belongs to the periphery of the Middle Danube Plain (30%). The country's topography is highly dissected. Within the Dinaric Highlands, karst landforms are widely developed, one of the largest caves in Europe is Postojna Jama with the Pivka River, which has an underground drainage over a considerable distance.

The main rivers of Slovenia are the Sava, Drava and Soča with their tributaries. These are mountain rivers with significant hydropower potential (cascades of hydroelectric power stations have been built on them), but unsuitable for navigation. Some areas of Slovenia, especially karst ones, are completely devoid of rivers.

Historical regionsTraditionally, there are 4 regions on the territory of Slovenia, which differ from the modern one administrative division countries and are based on the borders of the Slovenian crown lands of the Habsburg dynasty: Krajna, Carinthia, Styria and the Slovenian Littoral region (marked with number 1 on the diagram). Historical regions consist of regions.

Geology and relief of Slovenia

The relief of Slovenia is predominantly mountainous; 4 regions can be distinguished on its territory. In the northwestern and northern parts of the country are the Eastern Alps, which occupy approximately 2/5 of the territory. In the northwest are the Julian Alps, where Mount Triglav (2864 m) rises - highest point countries. In the north, along the border with Austria stretches the Karavanke ridge (Mount Great Table, 2236 m), to the south rise the Savin Alps (Mount Grintavec, 2558 m), to the east - the Pohorje massif (Mount Crni Vrh, 1543 m). The second largest region (1/4 of the territory) occupies the southwest of the country - this is the limestone plateau of Kras, the northwestern end of the Dinaric Highlands. The word “karst” comes from the name of this plateau, since this arid plateau is world famous for its karst terrain and caves (Postojnska Jama, Škocjan Caves).

In the east of the country there is a flat fertile area (1/5 of the territory), where the western edge of the Middle Danube Lowland is located. In the east, in the Drava-Mura interfluve, there is the hilly region of Slovenske Gorice. East of Mura, to the border with Hungary, is the Slovenska Krajina region. In the west, off the coast of the Adriatic Sea, there is a narrow strip of coastal plain (1/12 of the country's territory), called Primorska (includes the Slovenian part of Istria, areas adjacent to the Adriatic coast, and the valleys of the Soča and Vipava rivers). In the depths of Slovenia there are minerals: brown coal, ores of lead, zinc, mercury, uranium, silver, as well as building stone.

Tectonic faults pass through the country, along which earthquakes such as the one that occurred in Ljubljana in 1895 are possible.

Climate of Slovenia

The climate of Slovenia is influenced by the proximity of the Adriatic Sea and the Alps, which trap air masses from the south and protect the country from cold northern winds. There are three climatic zones: the coastal regions of Istria, the central region and the eastern part of the country.

The Adriatic coast has a subtropical Mediterranean-type climate, characteristic of the Dalmatian coast. Summer temperatures often rise above 27 °C (June-July), and winter ones rarely fall below 10 °C, but sometimes the air temperature is influenced by the cold north wind of the forest. Precipitation is maximum in spring and autumn (up to 381 mm per month).

The northern and central regions of Slovenia, which make up most of its territory, are located in temperate continental climate with hot summers and cool winters. On the plateau and in intermountain valleys the average January temperature is from 0 to -2 °C, in the mountains - from -4 to -6 °C. The average July temperature is 18-19 °C in the foothills and 15-17 °C in the mountains. Precipitation is more than 950 mm per year, in mountainous areas this figure in some places exceeds 2000 mm. The third (eastern) part of the country has mild winters; from November to February, temperatures often drop below zero, but snow falls less frequently and melts quickly. Mid-summer maximum temperatures often rise above 21°C, and the average annual precipitation is 700 mm.

Water resources of Slovenia

Lake BohinjTotal volume of renewable water resources is 32.1 km3 (2005). Most of the rivers in Slovenia belong to the Danube basin. The largest of them, the Sava River, begins in the Julian Alps at the confluence of the Sava Dolinka and Sava Bohinjka rivers and crosses the country from northwest to southeast; the railway to Zagreb and Belgrade runs through its valley. The Sava basin includes the Krka, Kolpa (Kupa) and Ljubljanica rivers, on which the country's capital stands. The rivers Drava (source in the Austrian state of Carinthia) and its tributaries - Mura (source in the Austrian state of Styria), Draviņa, etc. flow through the eastern regions of Slovenia. The Soča river (with its tributary Vipava), which begins at Mount Triglav and flows along the western extremity of the country, as well as the river Reka, which laid part of its bed under the Kras plateau. The rivers of Slovenia are unsuitable for navigation, but are used for hydropower purposes (cascades of hydroelectric power stations have been built).

The lakes in Slovenia are predominantly mountainous, glacial - Lake Bohinj (the largest of the permanent lakes), Lake Bled and the Triglav Lakes, there are also karst reservoirs, for example Wild Lake and the disappearing Lake Cerknica.

Soils of Slovenia

The complex geology of Slovenia is reflected in the distribution of soils. The small thick Pleistocene layer is highly acidic and viscous. Brown forest and mountain forest soils predominate, and the underlying layer of carbonate rocks is suitable for the growth of tree species. Alluvial and marshy soils are found in the valleys; karst funnels and failures are filled with red soil.

Arable land 8.53%, land occupied by permanent grain crops - 1.43% (2005). 30 km2 of land is irrigated (2003).

Flora and fauna of Slovenia

Hills in the area of ​​the city of IdrijaThe flora of Slovenia reflects physiographic diversity and is represented by 3200 species of vascular plants, of which 66 are endemic and 330 are listed in the Red Book.

Forests are distributed mainly in mountainous regions and occupy about 3/5 of the country's territory. Slovenia ranks third in Europe after Finland and Sweden in terms of forest area. The lower parts of the slopes (up to a height of about 600 m) are occupied by oak-hornbeam forests with an admixture of maple, linden and ash; higher up there are beech-fir forests, turning into pine-spruce forests (including juniper). In the upper belt of mountain ranges (above 1800 m) subalpine and alpine meadows. On the Kras Plateau the vegetation is sparse, steppe in nature, there are bushes and sparse oak-hornbeam forests. Mediterranean shrubs (maquis) grow in coastal areas.

Alpine ibex in the mountains of Slovenia The fauna of Slovenia has about 13 thousand species, including 423 species of vertebrates and 400 endemics (living mostly in caves and karst ponds), as well as 238 species that are endangered. In the mountains of Slovenia there are: mountain goat, European Brown bear, lynx, wolf, chamois, roe deer, wild boar, badger, hare, marten. Snakes, lizards and turtles live in karst areas, and proteas live in underground lakes. Birds are represented by wood grouse, partridges, falcons and other species. The waters of the Adriatic are not a particularly attractive habitat for fish, but the Soča River is home to trout and grayling. American palia and Danube salmon are also found.

In Slovenia, great attention is paid to the protection environment and conservation of biodiversity. The total area of ​​protected areas is 140.4 thousand hectares (8% of the country's area). The Julian Alps are home to the only national park Triglav, there are also 2 regional park, 34 landscape parks, 49 nature reserves and 623 natural monuments.

Population of Slovenia Slovenia

As of July 2009, Slovenia has 2,005,692 registered inhabitants. Slovenia ranks 145th in the world in terms of population. Average age population 41.7 years old. (men - 40, women - 43).

According to estimates for 2004, 2011.5 thousand people lived in Slovenia. As of 2004, 14.3% of the population belonged to the age group under 15 years old, 70.6% from 15 to 65 years old, 15.1% over 65 years old. Population growth in 2004 was 0.01%, with a birth rate of 8.9 per 1000 people, a death rate of 10.15 per 1000, and immigration of 2.11 per 1000. Infant mortality was estimated at 4.5 per 1000 births. Life expectancy is 75.93 years (for men – 72.18 years, for women – 79.92 years).

Of the successor countries of Yugoslavia, Slovenia is the most ethnically homogeneous: 88% of its population is Slovenian. Among the national minorities are Croats (3%), Serbs (2%), Bosnians (1%), Hungarians (0.4%), Italians and others. Religiously, 71% of the population are Catholics (including 2% Uniates), 1% are Protestants, 1% are Muslims. In Slovenia they predominate small towns. The largest of them are Ljubljana (257.9 thousand inhabitants in 2002), Maribor (97.7 thousand), Celje (38.5 thousand), Kranj (35.6 thousand), Velene (26.5 thousand .), Koper (23.6 thousand), Novo Mesto (22.1 thousand).

Source - http://ru.wikipedia.org/
http://www.goslovenia.ru/