23.09.2019
Analysis of Tyutchev’s poem “I remember the golden time…. “I remember the golden time...
“I remember the golden time...” Fyodor Tyutchev
I remember the golden time
I remember the dear land to my heart.
The day was getting dark; there were two of us;
Below, in the shadows, the Danube roared.And on the hill, where, turning white,
The ruins of the castle look into the distance,
There you stood, young fairy,
Leaning on mossy granite,Touching baby's foot
A century-old pile of rubble;
And the sun hesitated, saying goodbye
With the hill and the castle and you.And the quiet wind passes by
Played with your clothes
And from the wild apple trees, color after color
There was light on the young shoulders.You looked carefree into the distance...
The edge of the sky was smoky in the rays;
The day was dying out; sang more sonorously
A river with darkened banks.And you with carefree joy
Happy day spent;
And sweet is fleeting life
A shadow flew over us.
Analysis of Tyutchev’s poem “I remember the golden time...”
It is generally accepted that in the life of Fyodor Tyutchev there were only three women whom he truly admired. However, the diaries of this poet and statesman They keep many secrets, including their relationship with Amalia Krudener. When the girl was only 15 years old, 19-year-old Tyutchev proposed to her. If the young lady’s parents, who considered themselves close to the Austrian throne, had not resisted, then Amelie, as the girl was affectionately called at home, would probably have become the wife of the great Russian poet. But this marriage was not destined to become a reality. Moreover, after an unsuccessful matchmaking, Tyutchev stopped appearing at the girl’s house, and the next meeting with Amelia took place only 10 years later. It was then that the poem “I Remember the Golden Time” was written, dedicated to days long gone by. Nevertheless, they left a very vivid memory in the poet’s soul. Moreover, Tyutchev and Krudener maintained warm friendly relations throughout their lives, despite living in different countries.
In the poem, the author is mentally transported to the past, remembering: “The day was getting dark, we were two: below, in the shadows, the Danube was rustling.” The lyrical picture that the poet recreates is complemented by such surprisingly romantic features as the ruins of a white castle in the distance, moss-covered granite stones and warm rays of the setting sun. The poet calls his chosen one nothing more than “young fairy” - a teenage girl who, nevertheless, is full of hidden charm and grace. Her actions seem childish and naive to the poet, but her gestures and gaze already reveal the manners of a real socialite, which in a few years will make a real splash at the court of not only Germany, but also Russia. “You looked carefree into the distance...” the poet notes, realizing that this time was truly happy not only for him, but also for his chosen one. In any case, the young people were freed from the need to observe etiquette and could at least be themselves for a little while, enjoying the beauty of nature and the timid feelings that were just emerging between them.
Years later, Tyutchev realizes that that memorable evening was a real gift of fate. After all, before his charm, even now, all other events in life fade, which, according to the poet, flew by like a shadow, without leaving a single bright memory of itself, with the exception of this amazing meeting.
"I remember the golden time..."
The poet's first, early love was Amalia Maximilianovna Krudener. They met in the second half of 1823, when twenty-year-old Fyodor Tyutchev, assigned as a supernumerary official to the Russian diplomatic mission in Munich, had already mastered his few official duties and began to appear more often in society. Five years younger than him was Countess Amalia Maximilianovna Lerchenfeld. But the attraction that the young people felt for each other from their first meetings swept away all doubts about their different positions in society.
The fifteen-year-old beauty took under her protection a well-mannered, slightly shy Russian diplomat. Theodor (that was Fyodor Ivanovich's name here) and Amalia took frequent walks along the green streets of Munich, full of ancient monuments.
They were delighted by trips through the suburbs breathing with antiquity, and long walks to the beautiful Danube, noisily making its way through the eastern slopes of the Black Forest. There is too little information left about those times, but a picture of them is recreated by Tyutchev’s memories of his former love, written 13 years after his first meeting with Amalia and dedicated to her:
I remember the golden time
I remember the dear land to my heart.
The day was getting dark; there were two of us;
Below, in the shadows, the Danube roared.
And on the hill, where, turning white,
The ruins of the castle look into the distance,
There you stood, young fairy,
Leaning on the hazy granite,
Touching baby's foot
A century-old pile of rubble;
And the sun hesitated, saying goodbye
With the hill and the castle and you.
And the quiet wind passes by
Played with your clothes
And from the wild apple trees, color after color
There was light on the young shoulders.
You looked carefree into the distance...
The edge of the sky was smoky in the rays;
The day was dying out; sang more sonorously
A river with darkened banks.
And you with carefree joy
Happy day spent;
And sweet is fleeting life
A shadow flew over us.
More poems can be attributed to the period of this love of the poet: “K.N.” (“Your sweet gaze, full of innocent passion...”), “To Nysa”, “Glimmer”, “Friend, open up to me...”
During the year that Fyodor Ivanovich met Amalia Maximilianovna, that very “golden time,” Tyutchev was so fascinated by his young chosen one that he began to seriously think about marriage. The Countess, at sixteen years old, looked charming, she had many admirers, which apparently aroused the poet’s jealousy. Among her fans was Baron Alexander Krudener, secretary of the embassy, Tyutchev’s comrade. Plucking up courage, Fyodor Ivanovich decided to ask for Amalia’s hand in marriage. But the Russian nobleman seemed to her parents not such a profitable match for their daughter, and they preferred Baron Krudener to him.
At the insistence of her parents, Amalia, despite the tender feelings she had for Tyutchev, still agreed to marry Krudener. The young diplomat was completely heartbroken. It was then that, in all likelihood, that mysterious duel between Fyodor Ivanovich and one of his rivals or even one of Amalia’s relatives should have happened. But in the end, according to Fyodor Tyutchev’s uncle Nikolai Afanasyevich Khlopkov, for him “everything ended well.”
It is not known whether Amalia Maximilianovna later regretted her marriage, but she retained friendly feelings for the poet and, at every opportunity, provided Fyodor Ivanovich with any, even small, service.
After the Krudeners left, Tyutchev wrote in a letter to his parents: “Do you sometimes see Mrs. Krudener? I have reason to believe that she is not as happy in her brilliant position as I would wish for her. Sweet, lovely woman, but what an unhappy one! She will never be as happy as she deserves. Ask her, when you see her, if she still remembers my existence. Munich has changed a lot since she left.”
Having great connections at the Russian court, being closely acquainted with the all-powerful Count Benckedorff, through him she more than once provided friendly services to Fyodor Ivanovich and his family. Amalia Krudener contributed in many ways, for example, to Tyutchev moving to Russia and Fedor Ivanovich receiving new position. The poet always felt terribly uncomfortable accepting these services. But sometimes he had no choice.
Over the years, Tyutchev and Amalia met less and less often. Back in 1842, Baron Krüdener was appointed military attaché at the Russian mission to Sweden. In 1852 he died. After some time, Amalia Maximilianovna marries Count N.V. Alerberg, Major General. Tyutchev had his own worries - expanding his family, service, which remained a burden to him...
And yet, fate gave them two more friendly dates, which became a worthy epilogue to their many years of affection. In July 1870, Fyodor Ivanovich was treated in Carlsbad. At this time, European and Russian nobility came here for the healing waters; many were familiar to Tyutchev. But the most joyful thing for him was his meeting with Amalia Maximilianovna, who also came with her husband for treatment.
Walks with the elderly, but still attractive countess inspired the poet to write one of his most beautiful poems. On July 26, returning to the hotel after a walk, he wrote a poetic confession:
I met you - and everything is gone
In the obsolete heart came to life;
I remembered the golden time -
And my heart felt so warm...
How late autumn sometimes
There are days, there are times,
When suddenly it starts to feel like spring
And something will stir within us, -
So, all covered in a breeze
Those years of spiritual fullness,
With a long-forgotten rapture
I look at the cute features...
Like after a century of separation,
I look at you as if in a dream -
And now the sounds became louder,
Not silent in me...
There is more than one memory here,
Here life spoke again, -
And you have the same charm,
And that love is in my soul!..
Their last meeting took place on March 31, 1873, when the poet, already paralyzed, suddenly saw Amalia Maximilianovna at his bedside. His face immediately brightened, tears appeared in his eyes. He looked at her silently for a long time, not uttering a word out of excitement. And the next day Fyodor Ivanovich, with a trembling hand, wrote a few words to his daughter Daria: “Yesterday I experienced a moment of burning excitement as a result of my meeting with Countess Adlerberg, my good Amalia Krudener, who wished last time to see me in this world and came to say goodbye to me. In her face, the past of my best years came to give me a farewell kiss. Amalia outlived Tyutchev by fifteen years. Amalia Lerchenfeld and Fyodor Tyutchev were able to carry their love throughout their lives. It was a real feeling.
After this came the support of Turgenev, who helped the aspiring poet publish his first collection. In the same year, 1854, Turgenev himself wrote a positive article about Tyutchev’s poems. But Fyodor Ivanovich, despite his unique and wonderful works, was never able to become a hero of his time, since he himself did not strive for fame, and all his poems did not correspond to the poetic laws of versification of that time.
The history of the creation of the poem “I remember the golden time...”
Little is known about Tyutchev's poem "I Remember the Golden Time...". But it is definitely established that it was written in 1836 and was dedicated to a beautiful woman, a real social beauty - Baroness Amilia von Krudener.
Their first meeting took place when they were still completely young people, practically children. So, Fyodor Tyutchev at that time was barely eighteen years old, and Amalia was 14 years old. This unexpected meeting took place in Munich.
The girl by birth was considered the illegitimate daughter of the famous count, German aristocrat M. Lerchenfeld. But she bore a different surname - Sternffeld. She knew that she was the cousin of the Russian Empress.
As soon as young Tyutchev saw Amalia, he immediately fell in love with her. She reciprocated his feelings. That's why they loved spending time together so much, walking through the ruins of the castle or wandering away from a noisy company. It is known that they were so passionate about each other that at some point they also exchanged baptismal chains that they wore around their necks.
Amalia looked simply gorgeous at any age, but nature gave her not only this gift. She was always grateful to Tyutchev for the feelings that she once experienced, so in those days when the poet was dying, she came to him again. The poet-philosopher was so shocked by this that in his letter to his daughter he described this visit in detail:
“Yesterday I experienced a moment of burning excitement as a result of my meeting with Countess Adterberg... In her face, the past of my best years came to give me a farewell kiss.”
He was very pleased that this beautiful woman always remembered him and in moments when he needed moral support, she was next to him.
I remember the golden time
I remember the dear land to my heart.
The day was getting dark; there were two of us;
Below, in the shadows, the Danube roared.
And on the hill, where, turning white,
The ruins of the castle look into the distance,
There you stood, young fairy,
Leaning on mossy granite.
Touching baby's foot
A century-old pile of rubble;
And the sun hesitated, saying goodbye
With the hill and the castle and you.
And the quiet wind passes by
Played with your clothes
And from the wild apple trees, color after color
There was light on the young shoulders.
You looked carefree into the distance...
The edge of the sky was smoky in the rays;
The day was dying out; sang more sonorously
A river with darkened banks.
And you with carefree joy
Happy day spent; And sweet is fleeting life A shadow flew over us.
The plot of Tyutchev's work
This work was written by the lyricist 13 years after their separation. And when we met, Fyodor remembered a lot: walks through the ancient suburbs, the banks of the beautiful and wide Danube.
Unfortunately, there is practically no information left about what happened to the poet-philosopher and the young girl, but Tyutchev himself perfectly recreates this picture in his work, saying that he remembers that “golden” time very well. The lyricist claims that the land where he was so happy remained forever in his memory. The day was quickly rolling towards sunset, but that was not the main thing, since they were alone. They retired from the whole world to where the Danube rustled, and on the hill, as if White spot, there was an ancient ruined castle. Amalia, like a fairy, stood there, leaning on the coastal granite. Her young and beautiful legs lightly touched the rubble. And the sun, like a person’s life, quickly disappeared, saying goodbye to all these pleasant memories.
But the breeze continued to play, touching the beautiful girl’s clothes, her beautiful shoulders. The gaze of the lyrical heroine carefreely looks into the distance. Tyutchev's description of nature is wonderful! The day was coming to an end and its last rays were slowly fading away. But this only amused and amused the beautiful heroine. And just like this day, glorious and sweet, the whole life of the heroine herself and the author of these delightful lines also passed by.
Despite feelings that were more than friendly, Tyutchev was denied marriage. He was not the best match for Amalia. Therefore, she soon marries Baron Krudener. The subtle lyricist then experienced shock and grief; he even fought a duel with someone. But this story had a good ending. Amalia helped the poet all her life, providing him and his family with some services. The poet sometimes felt awkward, but he could not refuse. It always seemed to him that this beautiful and kind woman very unhappy in marriage.
Soon Tyutchev, thanks to the efforts of Amalia, is looking for a new source of inspiration for himself, and she herself, having married a second time, leaves him. But life gave them two more unforgettable meetings.
Analysis of the poem
Many critics noted that this Tyutchev poem is an imitation of foreign poetry - Heine. But knowing the personal history of the author, and his unusual style letters, one cannot argue so clearly.
In its content, Tyutchev's poem is very intimate. The author talks in it about what memories from the past, after meeting Amalia, suddenly came to life in his soul. He remembered past feelings and experiences when he was deeply in love with this woman. As a subtle lyricist, he wants to show his reader how strong and deep love for a woman can be.
The composition of Tyutchev's poem consists of three parts: introduction, main part and conclusion. Already in the first part, the lyricist shows that his hero returns in his dreams and dreams to the past, which he himself calls the “golden” time. It was this time that was happy for him, because he himself loved very much. In the second part, the poet-philosopher moves on to a description of nature. He describes spring, since it is very similar to the youth of a person himself.
The autumn that the lyricist describes is the time of the present period in the hero’s life, when love is a thing of the past and he can only remember what happened in his life. But spring awakens new feelings in a person’s soul, fills him with energy, and even makes him younger. In conclusion, the hero meets again with the woman he once loved and he comes to life, his soul becomes younger.
Tyutchev's happiness lies in a quiet and peaceful evening, in an incredibly beautiful and picturesque sunset, in the beautiful spring blossoms of wild apple trees. The theme of time especially stands out from the entire plot: this is the day that is ending, and that is why the sun is already burning so slowly and dimly. For the author, every minute is precious when this happiness lasts. The happiest day is the day of love. But time constantly passes, without stopping. The irreversibility of time in Tyutchev’s poem can be seen by glancing at the castle, of which only ruins remain.
Artistic and expressive means of Tyutchev's work
Many researchers of Tyutchev’s work have noted that in his poetic work “I remembered the golden time...” the author uses a German syntactic turn. In Russian they don’t say or write like that. The author also uses pronouns, but only in plural, showing that his love story can happen to anyone.
The poet uses words with diminutive suffixes. This is how he shows the power of love for the woman he is talking about. Makes him realize that this is a reality that he is still trying to mistake for a dream. Poetic size Tyutchev's work - iambic tetrameter. Many literary critics of that time, poets and writers also noted the melodiousness of the poem “I remember the golden time...”, which is achieved by the fact that the author uses the most various means expressiveness of literary speech.
A lot of expressive means The author uses speech to show the beauty of the woman he loved and the time when he was happy:
⇒ Epithets: if there is wind, then it is warm, if there is thunder, then, according to the author, it is distant, but the lyricist’s earth is in turmoil.
⇒ Metaphors: the poet’s beautiful flame was surrounded, but the same troubled earth for the lyricist was drowned in radiance.
⇒ Comparison: the lyricist’s dust flies, and even like a whirlwind.
Critical assessments of Tyutchev's creativity
Many critics could not remain indifferent to Tyutchev’s work. Thus, Dobrolyubov noted the simultaneous sultry and severity of his works, which reflect all moral issues. Tolstoy argued that all of Tyutchev’s lyrics are serious and thoughtful, that the poet-philosopher never jokes with his muse.
Everyone believed that it was Tyutchev’s work that became the beginning of the poetry of romanticism in Russia. Many critics had a negative attitude towards the lyricist's poetry, calling him a victim of chaos, and his lyrics - poetry of the night. Bryusov was the first to study Tyutchev’s work and came to the conclusion that he was an unusual beginning of symbolism. Turgenev argued that those who have not read Tyutchev’s lyrics, therefore, do not feel and do not know what poetry is.
Indeed, in order to learn to feel the beauty of words and soul, you need to touch the work of the great poet - Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev.
- a poet who wrote many beautiful poems. He wrote a lot about love, dedicating his works to the women he loved and memories of a wonderful past. Exactly love lyrics occupies a significant place in his work. Among his love poems, let’s highlight the work I Remember a Golden Time, which we met recently and now we are writing, making poems I Remember a Golden Time.
The history of the creation of the poem
If we talk about the history of the creation of the poem, it is known that Tyutchev wrote the poem I remember the golden time in 1834. He dedicates this poem to his first crush, a sweet and lovely girl whom the author first met when he was just under twenty and she was about fifteen years old. It was Australian Amilia von Kruder. The young people had mutual feelings, so they liked to spend time together, as evidenced by Tyutchev’s poem.
Poem I remember the golden time Tyutchev
From the title and from the first line we understand that this work is the writer’s recollection of past wonderful days when he spent the evenings with his first love. Yes, their relationship did not work out, but wonderful moments were etched in their memory. In the work, the author recalls a separate evening when lyrical hero, together with his young fairy, as the author calls the heroine in the poem, were walking by the river. The poem is about love, so you can feel tenderness and love in every line.
The author describes beautiful landscape, where among the ruins of the castle, not far from the river, his beloved stood and peered into the distance. She enjoys life, because it is so fleeting. I want to take as much as possible from it, enjoy the surrounding landscapes, sunsets and sunrises. And now the sun is setting below the horizon, warming the heroine with its last rays. The wind flutters her dress and also tears off the petals of the blossoming apple trees that lay on the girl’s shoulders. The day was dying, the river was noisy. Another day has flown by. The author draws our attention to how fleetingly moments fly by, days and our lives fly by.
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………..3
1. Poem “I remember the golden time...” - dedication to Baroness Amalia von Krüdener……………………………………………………………………………….…..4
2. The work of F. Tyutchev in the assessments of critics…………………………………9
Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………….12
List of references……………………………………………………………...13
Introduction
As you know, literary historians consider the 1840s unsuccessful for Russian poetry. But it was precisely in this decade that the gift of the great lyricist, Fyodor Tyutchev, began to unfold. Paradoxically, readers did not seem to notice him, and his lyric poems did not fit into the popular idea of what a “correct” poetic composition should be. And only after Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov’s article “Russian modern poets” (1850) appeared in the most authoritative literary magazine of that time, Sovremennik, that it was as if a veil fell from the readers’ eyes.
Among others, N.A. Nekrasov wrote about the outstanding talent of Fyodor Tyutchev, and then reprinted 24 of his poems, first published in Sovremennik 14 years ago. In 1854, through the efforts of Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev, the first collection of Tyutchev's poems was published. Shortly before this, 92 poems by Tyutchev were published as an appendix to the third volume of Sovremennik for 1854, and in the fourth volume of the magazine for the same year Nekrasov published Turgenev’s enthusiastic article “A few words about the poems of F.I. Tyutchev"...
And yet Tyutchev did not become a poet of the Pushkin or at least Lermontov era. Not only because he was indifferent to fame and made almost no effort to publish his works. After all, even if Tyutchev diligently carried his poems to editors, he would still have to stand in the “queue” for a long time for success, for reader response. Why did this happen? Because each literary era has its own stylistic habits, “standards” of taste; creative deviation from these standards sometimes seems like an artistic victory, and sometimes like an irreparable defeat.
IN test work An analysis of F. Tyutchev’s poem “I Remember the Golden Time” will be presented.
1. Poem“I remember the golden time...”- dedicationBaroness Amalie von Krüdener
The poem “I Remember the Golden Time” was written by F. Tyutchev no earlier than 1834. It was first published in the Sovremennik magazine in 1836. This poem is addressed to the secular beauty Baroness Amalia von Krudener. 1
Of course, at that “golden” time when eighteen-year-old Fyodor Tyutchev and fourteen-year-old Amalia met in Munich, she was not a socialite. The illegitimate daughter of the German aristocrat Count Maximilian Lerchenfeld, although she was the cousin of the Russian Empress, lived in modest poverty and bore the surname Sternfeld of Darnstadt. True, after the death of his father half brother Amalia obtained the highest permission for her to be called Countess Lerchenfeld.
Tyutchev fell in love at first sight, and it seems that Amalia was touched too. Otherwise, together with a not at all impressive Russian young man, I would not have broken away from the traveling company in order to climb to the ruins of an ancient castle and look from there at the Danube, glorified by Heinrich Heine. (The Danube is located quite far from Munich, of course, by Bavarian rather than Russian standards.) The young people even exchanged baptismal neck chains...
Nature gifted Amalia Lerchenfeld not only with ageless, as if enchanted beauty, but also with the gift of a long and grateful memory. She came to the dying Tyutchev without an invitation. The shocked poet described this visit in a letter to his daughter: “Yesterday I experienced a moment of burning excitement as a result of my meeting with Countess Adterberg, my good Amalie Krüdener, who wished to see me for the last time in this world and came to say goodbye to me. In her face, the past of my best years came to give me a farewell kiss.”
The lover Tyutchev and his chosen one were delighted by trips through the suburbs breathing with antiquity, and long walks to the beautiful Danube, noisily making its way through the eastern slopes of the Black Forest. There is too little information left about those times, but a picture of them is recreated by Tyutchev’s memories of his former love, written 13 years after his first meeting with Amalia and dedicated to her:
“I remember the golden time,
I remember the dear land to my heart.
The day was getting dark; there were two of us;
Below, in the shadows, the Danube roared.
And on the hill, where, turning white,
The ruins of the castle look into the distance,
There you stood, young fairy,
Leaning on the hazy granite,
Touching baby's foot
A century-old pile of rubble;
And the sun hesitated, saying goodbye
With the hill and the castle and you.
And the quiet wind passes by
Played with your clothes
And from the wild apple trees, color after color
There was light on the young shoulders.
You looked carefree into the distance...
The edge of the sky was smoky in the rays;
The day was dying out; sang more sonorously
A river with darkened banks.
And you with carefree joy
Happy day spent;
And sweet is fleeting life
A shadow flew over us."
Plucking up courage, Fyodor Ivanovich decided to ask for Amalia’s hand in marriage. But the Russian nobleman seemed to her parents not such a profitable match for their daughter, and they preferred Baron Krudener to him. At the insistence of her parents, Amalia, despite the tender feelings she had for Tyutchev, still agreed to marry Krudener.
The young diplomat was completely heartbroken. It was then that, in all likelihood, that mysterious duel between Fyodor Ivanovich and one of his rivals or even one of Amalia’s relatives should have happened. But in the end, according to Fyodor Tyutchev’s uncle Nikolai Afanasyevich Khlopkov, for him “everything ended well.” It is not known whether Amalia Maximilianovna later regretted her marriage, but she retained friendly feelings for the poet and, at every opportunity, provided Fyodor Ivanovich with any, even small, service. After the Krudeners left, Tyutchev wrote in a letter to his parents: “Do you sometimes see Mrs. Krudener? I have reason to believe that she is not as happy in her brilliant position as I would wish for her. Sweet, lovely woman, but what an unhappy one! She will never be as happy as she deserves.
Ask her, when you see her, if she still remembers my existence. Munich has changed a lot since she left.”
Having great connections at the Russian court, being closely acquainted with the all-powerful Count Benckedorff, through him she more than once provided friendly services to Fyodor Ivanovich and his family. Amalia Krudener contributed in many ways, for example, to Tyutchev’s move to Russia and Fyodor Ivanovich’s obtaining a new position. The poet always felt terribly uncomfortable accepting these services. But sometimes he had no choice.
Over the years, Tyutchev and Amalia met less and less often. Back in 1842, Baron Krüdener was appointed military attaché at the Russian mission to Sweden. In 1852 he died. After some time, Amalia Maximilianovna marries Count N.V. Alerberg, Major General. Tyutchev had his own worries - expanding his family, service, which remained a burden to him... And yet, fate gave them two more friendly dates, which became a worthy epilogue to their many years of affection.
Since the poems to Amalia were published in Sovremennik during Pushkin’s lifetime, Nekrasov, reprinting them, suggested: “Pushkin would not have refused such a poem.” In fact, the poem is not Pushkin’s at all. Tyutchev was fascinated by Heine's poetry and persistently tried to unravel the secret of this charm. Translated, rearranged... However, Heine’s spirit breathes truly freely not in Tyutchev’s translations and imitations, but in the poem “I remember the golden time...”, although in this case the Russian poet thought least of all about Heine, he only wanted as much as possible illuminate the faded picture more brightly with the spotlight of memory “ best years" own life. However, the landscape typical of early Heine with the ruins of an old castle, in which the figure of a “young maiden” is inscribed, shifted personal memory towards a German folk song, slightly simplifying it.
Y. Tynyanov also noted that the syntactic phrase “we were two” is purely German; they don’t write or even say that in Russian. But this, of course, is not a grammatical error, but that very “little bit” that decides everything in art.
The poem “I Remember the Golden Time” is very intimate, and in it he talks about how memories of the past, caused by this meeting, revived the soul of the old poet, made him feel, worry, love. In it, he reveals his most sincere feelings and shows the reader how much a person can love. The composition of this poem includes three logical parts: introduction, main part and conclusion, farewell to the reader.
In the introduction, he shows that his “obsolete heart” plunged into the world of happiness, life, in “golden times.” Speaking about the golden color of some time, Tyutchev expresses an environment that managed to melt the ice in the poet’s heart and made him experience a feeling of love, which is expressed in the author’s words: “I”, “you”, “I”, “you” - a person does not know how to express your love.
In the second stanza, a description of nature in spring is connected to love - they are compared by the poet: the poet’s spring is very similar to a person’s youth. Here spring is opposed to autumn: at a time when autumn has already begun in life for an elderly person, youth is a thing of the past, love, like spring to nature, awakens him, rejuvenates him and fills him with energy. By using plural pronouns, the author unites all people, says something - what he said applies to all people.
In the third stanza, the lyrical hero meets his beloved, he comes to life, that same spring comes to him. Here he often uses words with the suffixes -an, -en, which makes the poem “sweeter” and shows the reader that the author really loves the woman he is talking about. The author does not believe that he is dating his beloved, he thought that he had parted with her forever, he cannot bring himself to accept this as reality, for him it is “as if in a dream.”
The poem “I remember the golden time...” is written in the most “colloquial” of iambic tetrameters. Nevertheless, in this text, even an untrained ear notices its melodiousness, or, as Zhukovsky used to say, “singability.” What and with what artistic means does the author achieve melodiousness?
Firstly, by the fact that here, as in the song, important semantically and rhythmically important groups of words are repeated with slight variations: I remember the time - I remember the region; the day was getting dark - the day was burning down; the ruin looks into the distance - you looked into the distance.
Secondly, the fact that the text is harmoniously voiced by the sounds of nature itself: “The river sang more sonorously in the darkened banks.”
Thirdly, the fact that most of the stress in the stanza falls on the same vowels, for example, in the first quatrain the sound-forming element is the alternation of stressed “o” and “e”.
2. The works of F. Tyutchev in the assessments of critics
Fet’s talent, according to Dobrolyubov, can “manifest itself only in capturing fleeting impressions from quiet natural phenomena,” and Tyutchev “is also accessible to sultry passion, harsh energy, and deep thought, aroused by more than just natural phenomena, but also moral issues, interests of public life.”
We can be convinced of the perfection of F. I. Tyutchev’s poetic logic by enjoying his most humane lyrics, even without having the special knowledge and talent of Turgenev, Nekrasov (unlike Nekrasov, Tyutchev does not penetrate into the depths of folk peasant life, the state of nature is important to him and that , what feelings it evokes in a person), Dobrolyubova.
Yes, in the last third of the 19th century Tyutchev turned out to be a forgotten poet. True, in the mid-90s and the beginning of the twentieth century, criticism began to talk about him again, but the philosophical content of his poetry was then interpreted in the spirit of aesthetic theories of the end of the century; They spoke more and more insistently about Tyutchev as the “forerunner of the Symbolists”; they wrote more and more often about the attraction of Tyutchev’s poetry to “night”, “chaos”, “madness”. It was as if the critics were competing in intensifying and thickening the colors, trying to emphasize the “nightly” rather than the light, the “sinister” and not the “pleasant” in the direction of the poet’s thoughts and feelings. Tyutchev’s poetry was called “the poetry of the night,” and the poet himself was called a “victim” of the abyss of secrets and infinity. At this time, Bryusov, one of the first to initiate the scientific study of Tyutchev’s legacy, considered Tyutchev as one of the predecessors of symbolism. However, Bryusov largely managed to overcome the one-sidedness and limitations in the interpretation of Tyutchev’s poetry.
In an effort to “bring Tyutchev closer to the symbolists, highlighting the world of mysterious night material,” Bryusov rediscovered the poet to the reading public. His attention was drawn to the lines of a famous poem:
The soul would like to be a star,
But not when from the midnight sky
These lights are like living eyes,
They look at the sleepy earthly world, -
But during the day...
Although Bryusov called Tyutchev the first poet “ new school", whose "break with the Pushkin tradition" was "stronger than that of Fet", the understanding of the significance of the poetic discoveries made by Tyutchev led to the idea of continuing and developing the great Pushkin tradition. “Pushkin, Tyutchev Baratynsky,” wrote Bryusov, “these are three cherished names for everyone who loves Russian poetry, their works are great examples of our poetry.”
Time has discarded everything random, subjective and one-sided in the interpretation of Tyutchev’s poetry and justified the assessment given to his work by Pushkin, Nekrasov, Tolstoy, and revolutionary democrats. His work, marked by the depth of philosophical thought and the ability to penetrate the secrets of nature and the human soul, has received wide recognition. Tyutchev reflected everything heavenly in the earthly. The image of the earthly was man, the eternal - Nature.
According to Yu.N. Tynyanov, Tyutchev’s poems are, as it were, answers to completely real philosophical and political questions of the era. 2 I. Aksakov, in turn, protested against this simple operation of “Tyutchev’s thought”: “He has not only thinking poetry, but poetic thought.” Because of this, the external artistic form is not put on his thought, like a glove on a hand, but has grown together with it, like a covering of skin with the body, created together and simultaneously, by one process: it is the very flesh of thought.”
Here, although the term “external artistic form” and the image of “skin on the body” are not particularly convincing, the denied approach to “thought” and “verse” as a hand and a glove is very convincing.
Philosophical and political thought must be recognized here as themes, and, of course, their function in lyric poetry is completely different than in prose. That is why, although it is undoubtedly that they were a significant element in Tyutchev’s poetry, the nature of this significance is not at all indubitable, and therefore it is illegal to distract their study from the general literary one; therefore, it is necessary to take into account their functional role. There is no theme outside of verse, just as there is no image outside of vocabulary. The naive approach to verse as a glove, and to thought as a hand, which lost sight of the function of both in lyric poetry as a special form of art, led in the study of Tyutchev to a dead end of mystical “secrets” and “wonderful inventions.” The same direction of study led to the legend about Tyutchev’s historical “loneliness,” which has not been completely eliminated. The “secrets” should be replaced by the question of Tyutchev’s lyrics as a literary phenomenon...
Conclusion
Tyutchev is a very famous Russian poet. He lived at the same time as many famous poets and writers, and, in my opinion, is in no way inferior to them. He describes in his poems unique moments that once happened or periodically occur in the life of nature or man; in his poems he shows harmony in our world.
One of the first places in Tyutchev’s work is occupied by love lyrics, since there are a lot of them among all his poems, and he composed them throughout his life.
One of Tyutchev’s most famous poems is the poem “I Remember the Golden Time,” written to the social beauty Baroness Amalie von Krüdener, with whom Tyutchev was in love. This woman captivated the poet with her beauty even in her youth.
Democratic criticism of the 19th century highly valued the poetry of F. I. Tyutchev. I.S. Turgenev argued: “They don’t argue about Tyutchev; whoever does not feel it, thereby proves that he does not feel poetry.” F. I. Tyutchev and Dobrolyubov highly appreciated the perfect lyricism, contrasting the poet with the “pure” lyricism of A. Fet.
List of used literature
Marchenko A.M. F. Tyutchev: life and creativity. – M.: Education, 2004. P. 18.
Tyutchev F.I. Poems. Letters. Memoirs of contemporaries. - M.: “Pravda”, 1998. – 322 p.
1 Marchenko A.M. F. Tyutchev: life and creativity. – M.: Education, 2004. P. 18.
2 Tynyanov Yu.N. Poetics. History of literature. Movie. - M., 1977. - P. 38-51.
