Family pack of lions 5 letters. The cruel laws of the pride of lions. Sex life Lviv

• Class: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758 = Mammals
• Infraclass: Eutheria, Placentalia Gill, 1872 = Placentals, higher animals
• Order: Carnivora Bowdich, 1821 = Carnivores
• Family: Felidae Gray, 1821 = Felidae, cats

Lion, pride, lion cubs...

In a pride, lion cubs are born at any time of the year. A pride is a flock of lions, some say, and thereby attribute to the lion a quality that is not characteristic of it and even seems indecent: something like herdness. No, a pride is not a herd, not a flock, much less a herd. A pride is a pride, and if we go down the path of comparisons, then another definition is closer to it: big family. Several animals: a male (usually one adult, but sometimes two or three), females, cubs, young lions - in other prides there are up to 18 and even up to 30 lions. Children of different ages are under universal control and care.

The general leadership is carried out by the old lion - the head of the family. We saw prides of only lionesses - apparently the head of the family died... Only eight lion cubs remained after him. Three of them are about twice the size of the other five. This means they cannot be brothers, they must have different mothers. But all six adult lionesses are equally affectionate with all the babies. When a lion cub passes near an adult lioness or even a lion, a hard tongue will certainly gently run over its face or back.

The pride has its own domain. Usually these are tens square kilometers thickets and open places, and everyone who subsists here on grass, twigs, and leaves belongs to the lions. If people do not interfere with them, lions manage their farming rationally: they somehow manage to combine the birth rate of lion cubs and the stability of the herds grazing around them. They will never run over an extra antelope; they will get as much meat as they can eat. A pride of four lions, for example, kills a large antelope or zebra usually once a week. One lion kills about fifteen large animals with an average weight of one hundred and ten kilograms per year. Naturally, he shares the prey with his pack brothers.

When the time comes to take care of procreation, this happens in any month of the year, the lion takes his girlfriend away from the pride. Then they return to the pride. Pregnancy for a lioness is 100-108 days. She leaves the pride to give birth. Look for a lair somewhere in the thick of thorny bushes, in tall grass or in a rock crevice. She will bring three, rarely five or six lion cubs - blind, spotted. He lives with them in solitude for about six weeks, but does not lose contact with the pride, at least vocally: they call to each other with roars. Time flies quickly, and now the lioness, proud of her motherhood, returns, leading her one-and-a-half-month-old playful and very cute-looking offspring into her large family.

In the evening the pride goes hunting. The important ones, even the arrogant ones, go first and are in no hurry. There seems to be no hurry. Of course, antelopes and zebras are not eager to show loyal feelings, but, on the contrary, realizing that hungry lions are after their souls, they rush in panic anywhere. The stomping, the crackling of broken bushes. (But when the lions, lying in the shade, dozed and sybaritized, grazed nearby without fear.)

Night is coming. The darkness has a strange effect on hunters: they are nervous, their movements are impetuous and fast. Presumably, the world illuminated by the moon and stars seems especially charming to them. Appetite improves accordingly. But animals never forget that they are lions. Think about it, what hunter would think of approaching the game from the same direction from which the wind blows? And the lion does just that. He also growls in order to scare the victim with his strong voice. For I am accustomed to the fact that it is proper to be afraid of him. While one is frightening, distracting attention, his comrades took place in an ambush. They hid well. They know the Cossack art of crawling on their bellies: a lion, even in short grass that is knee-deep, will hide so much that you won’t notice it. The bloody role is assigned to young lions and lionesses (who do not always cope with this matter skillfully). The old lion usually only leads the hunt, giving ventriloquist instructions to his subordinates.

Here's a throw... In the first seconds, the speed is excellent, a good fifty kilometers per hour. But those who are doomed to be prey to lions are also generally recognized walkers. Therefore, sometimes a spectacular performance ends only with the idle snap of huge jaws. And what jaws these are! For example, if they grab a human shoulder, they bite right through it without any effort. By morning, heavy, they go “home.”

The Leo man is one of the most graceful, but at the same time simple constellations. He has the characteristic features of friendliness, a sense of tact, he is beautiful, gallant, well-groomed and very good-looking. Leo men are a very majestic and royal sign. But in terms of relationships, everything is quite simple for them. They can not for a long time to be alone, constantly in search of an interlocutor and a friend. It is not at all surprising that Leos charm women with just their gestures. A girl may try to bewitch him for a long time, but King Leo has many admirers. Not all women are able to resist such a sign as Leo. This constellation provides its owner with powerful energy and excellent thinking. Such male representatives always manage to attract the attention of most women.

The character of a Leo man in love and family life

In a male representative under the sign of Leo, one can distinguish the absolute amount positive aspects. Leo is not only the king of beasts among animals, but also the Leo zodiac sign carries the qualities of the king of the world. These people try to be the first in everything.

In what characteristics Lviv:

• Vanity. The Leo man has a sense of increased pride and openness.
• Authoritarianism - any situation, regardless of their own living conditions, provokes Leos to take over in any situation by any means, often authoritarian, subjugating everyone around them.
• Sense of possessiveness - a man under this constellation has a sense of possessiveness. Sometimes this feeling can even lead to negative consequences for the owner of this quality. Leo men consider everything around them theirs.
• Selfishness - a man with the sign of Leo very often thinks only about himself and his well-being.

Leo men want everything around them to be the way they need it; they want unconditional submission in any area of ​​life, especially from their beloved. But representatives of the stronger sex under the sign of Leo have not only such “terrible” qualities as indicated above, but also certain favorable features in its nature, including:

• optimism - these people are often in good mood, in a difficult situation they try to find the good sides;
• sociability - have an increased need for communication, can support a conversation on any topic;
• resilience - they try to get out of any life situation with their heads held high;
• fidelity - despite such a set of self-centered qualities, the Leo man in a relationship is quite faithful.

If we summarize all the data about Leo in a male person, then it is possible to say that selfishness and the desire to be admired by everyone can provoke a bad attitude towards him from his interlocutors. But Leo can’t do anything, he sees only himself with the crown.

Career for a Leo man

Such a sign for a man will provide a large number of successes in the work sphere. Leo men take their own work activities very seriously and can often even simply disappear into it. Even if he does not hold high positions, he will work tirelessly if only the management praises the activities of such an employee. But if suddenly a Leo man is criticized by management, especially in the workplace, this can discourage him from working at all, and the desire to do anything will disappear completely.

If a Leo man is the head of a company, he will be a strict, authoritarian and honest boss. He will never refuse to help his employees, if necessary he will explain and show how to do it. Often the work team becomes a family for Libra, and workplace- second home. The ability to achieve your goals in a short time, and extraordinary performance for the desired goal provide the opportunity to climb the ladder. career ladder for the shortest period.

What areas of work are suitable for a Leo man:

Leos prefer serious work that is associated with large capital, business, finance, among them may be the profession of economist, business leader, lawyer.

Signs that suit Leo in family life

Despite the majestic character of this sign and high attractiveness to the opposite sex, not every woman with a certain sign can be suitable for forming a good union. Character traits character of incomparable characters form negative situations in which to a greater extent The woman will suffer directly. For this reason, such unions are condemned to a short existence. Leo men try to have as many bright romances as possible throughout their lives, because they cannot imagine life without constant romances at all.

The following are considered impeccable signs for a long and prosperous relationship:

1. Virgo - such a marriage can be long, since Virgo will be able to tame a cat like Leo. In the right situation, Virgo will be able to shout, and for obedience she can stroke the majestic cat;
2. Capricorn - such a union will not be very favorable for Capricorn, since Capricorn will only rejoice at the success of his loved one, but the sign will not experience happiness next to Leo;
3. Leo - a girl with the sign of Leo is able to please a man with her similar disposition; two Leos can easily figure out what they need from life together, but home life will be able to separate them into corners.

Who Libra won't get along with:

Marriage relationship with a Leo man

In certain situations, it may even be difficult to get along with Leos. But the advantage of such a sign is that Leo strives for independence and autonomy. In addition, Leos do not want their wife to work at work. They prefer that their spouse stay at home and run the household. At the same time, she must look great, be in shape and always be beautiful.

Leo men can be very demanding of their chosen one. In their companion they are looking not only for a lover, but also for a good friend. Such a manifestation as women's work does not accept it, believing that a man should provide for his family.

At first it will be quite difficult to get along with Leo, since he is very picky about his chosen one. A Leo husband can even behave very authoritarianly with his wife. But this is only out of good intentions.

Leo man: behavior in love and family life

When meeting girls, the Leo man will look after you very nicely and present beautiful and expensive surprises and gifts. He is very generous to his beloved and will literally shower his beloved with all kinds of niceties. IN love relationships Leos do not want to prove their devotion, because they believe that if he chose this particular girl, then there is nothing to prove, everything is already clear.

To keep such a man close, you need to constantly take care of yourself, be sure to apply makeup, do a manicure, and in general be simply stunning. He believes that a simple girl is not suitable for such a majestic person.

Sex life Lviv

Sex for a Leo man is above all else. IN intimate relationships Leo is quite passionate and wants to dominate his partner. It won’t be surprising if your Leo partner is delighted with this type of sex like BDSM. The duration of sexual intercourse and foreplay can simply surprise you. One may get the impression that the Leo man does not get tired at all from sexual intercourse. In sex they do not value banal poses and actions, as they are considered great aesthetes. Before sexual intercourse, the girl is given a lot of caresses and tenderness. Pay special attention to foreplay.

As a rule, the Leo man takes over the activity in sex. They really appreciate the emotional response from their partner. She shouldn't lie silently. If a girl is not at all emotional in sex and does not give praise to her partner, then this will upset the man, and he will leave for another, more liberated girl.

Fatherly qualities of a Leo man

Leos are caring and extremely responsible fathers. They will literally lick and groom their children. Generosity in gifts for children and good upbringing have a huge place in the life of a Leo father. But a harmful child can get it. The Leo man does not dissolve in children completely and unconditionally.

Leo woman in family life

Just like the Leo man, the woman under this sign is the bearer of royal and selfish character traits. A lioness is a self-confident woman, quite beautiful and well-groomed, and has excellent shape.

Characteristics of a Leo woman in family life

Such a woman is constantly the focus of good company. She is the owner of the most royal character traits:

• Grace;
• Excellent taste;
• Femininity;
• Wit;
• Coquetry;
• Intelligence;
• Ability to behave with dignity;
• Loyalty;
• Beauty;
• Pride;
• Selfishness.

A characteristic that many people may like about her is that she can be straightforward, but at the same time, this trait will bring her a lot of trouble. Such a girl will never miss the opportunity to visit a beauty salon, fitness center, spa, because she strives to always be in in good shape, well-groomed and beautiful.

The spouse will never be able to see such women in a simple dressing gown and disheveled curlers on their heads; they always strive to look excellent.

Work and career

The Leo woman prefers to be perfect in everything. She achieves the same in her work activities. Since such a lady strives for a good life, she has to achieve everything without the help of others. The Leo woman has great tenacity to achieve her goal.

The representative of this sign is an excellent performer. Such individuals can be trusted with the most complex and responsible projects. But often Leos themselves become leaders. The following professions are suitable for Leo women:

The Leo woman can find a job related to communications or art.

Women prefer to work in the public sector:

• Show Business;
• Theater;
• Movie.

Compatible signs with a Leo woman

Strong marriage A Leo woman can conclude with the following signs:

• Aries;
• Virgo;
• Sagittarius.

In such relationships with representatives of these signs, Leos will gain complete mutual understanding and respect in the relationship. The most harmonious union will be with Virgo.

With certain compromises, it is possible to enter into a marriage with a man of the following signs, but the likelihood of his long-term life is questionable:

• Scales;
• Fish;

Which signs are completely unsuitable for a Leo woman:

1. Aquarius;
2. Twins;
3. Calf.

Leo woman marriage relationship

Since the Leo woman has a complex character, a man will have to try very hard to marry such a lioness woman. She will never take a rash step unless she is sure that this marriage will be truly worthwhile. The husband that a Leo woman chooses must be ideal in all aspects. For her, her husband will be the center of her entire big universe. A woman is capable of devoting her entire life to such a man; she will be a wonderful friend, lover, and life assistant to him.

The lioness will be a very affectionate and gentle wife, she is a wonderful housewife and friend. Such a representative of Lionesses will create the greatest comfort in the house.

A man may not worry at all about his wife’s fidelity. Even despite her flirtatiousness with other men, she will never cheat on her husband.

Leo love relationships in family life

Leos are often very popular opposite sex. Men can be crazy about such a beautiful, well-groomed, athletic and graceful girl. She can easily flirt and flirt with guys, driving them crazy.

However, if a man is of no interest to her, she can easily forget him and abandon him without regretting anything.

A lioness may not show any emotions at all when communicating with a man, since she considers it not a royal habit to express her passion left and right.

The Leo woman sees her lover as the same as she is - handsome, well-groomed, with an athletic build.

Sexual relationship between Leo man and woman

The Leo woman does not take sex very seriously. Sexual relations a woman does not give first place, for her it is secondary. They are not very passionate about sex, they may even be very indifferent to sex.

Since a woman looks excellent on the outside in most cases, men can be very shocked by the fact that sex is not an important criterion in life for her.

Leo Woman as Mom

Usually, most women of this sign dote on their children. I am ready to give everything for children. He will teach children the same characteristics as he and his father.

The lioness will give everything so that the children do not need anything. The Leo woman is first a companion for children, and only then a parent and educator.

The general sign of Leo for men and women has undeniable differences. Basically, two identical signs in two different genders can carry two completely different meanings.

From time immemorial, the lion has evoked respect and awe in humans. Its majestic appearance, menacing roar and courage gave the lion the status of the king of beasts. What distinguishes lions from other predatory cats is that they live in families called prides. Lions are the most sociable among predatory cats. They prefer to hunt, eat and rest in groups. Number pride of lions can range from four to forty individuals. The family is headed by a leader, but the lionesses do the main work. Their tasks are raising offspring and hunting. The boundaries of the territory are marked by the leader. To protect his family, he will fight to the death. Lionesses drive away alien females who try to join the pride. But fights do not happen so often; usually the lions, having caught the smell of the marked territory, turn aside. Hunting and recreation When hunting together, lionesses kill prey without much difficulty. The favorite delicacy of lions are antelopes, gazelles, zebras, sheep, and large horned animals. But in times of famine, the family does not disdain even mice and locusts. When tracking prey, lionesses approach it, hiding in the grass or bushes. Having waited for the right moment, they attack the animal, stunning it with a blow of its paw and biting it on the neck. Sick or weakened individuals are most often targeted. In addition to hunting on their own, lions take prey from others or pick up carrion. The leader of the pack eats first. If there is a lot of food, other members of the pride are allowed to eat at the same time. Otherwise, they are forced to wait their turn. The little lion cubs eat last. To ensure that they are not deprived of food, the dominant male watches the meal from start to finish. Having eaten their fill, the lions move into the shade and lazily fall asleep on their backs, spreading their paws and occasionally twitching their tails. To get rid of annoying insects, lions can sit on tree branches, climbing higher. Family Feelings Leos are very friendly towards each other. They rub their muzzles, protect members of their family, and allow individuals who, due to health reasons, cannot hunt, to eat. Males are attentive to their female friends during the courtship period. Having chosen a mate, they and the female leave the pride for a five-day “honeymoon.” The “lovers” spend all this time together: they walk, eat and sleep without being separated. After three and a half months, the pregnant female goes to a secluded place and gives birth to offspring. Born blind and helpless, lion cubs are exposed to danger from other predators. The lioness is forced to combine hunting and caring for the cubs. At the age of two months, the lion cubs, having become a little stronger, can join the pride. In the absence of their mother, they are allowed to feed from another female. A lioness who is able to hunt again in a pack will have more free time, which can be spent on raising and caring for her offspring. When there is a change of power in a pride, the new leader kills not only the previous dominant male, but also all of his offspring. This is due to the desire to have their own cubs, and females who are busy raising other people’s lion cubs are not ready for new matings.

Leos have two types social organization- pride and lone lions. However, a third one can be distinguished - groups of bachelor lions, which play an important role in the fate of the first type - prides.

Things haven't worked out quite right for a long time correct opinion about pride. Usually a pride is viewed as a kind of patriarchal family - a lion father, lioness wives and their children, where the lion patriarch rules until the end of his life. This is not entirely true, not even true at all.

A pride is the basic social unit of lions. Prides vary in size and structure, but typically contain 5-9 adult females (range 1 to 18), their dependent offspring, and a coalition of 2-6 immigrant males (raised in other prides). The number of adult lions in a coalition is usually two, but their number can increase to four and then decrease again. Upon reaching sexual maturity, young males leave the pride. Pride sizes are smaller than worse conditions eg in dry areas with limited prey. On average, lionesses have 1/7 of the genes of other members of the pride. The number of lions in a pride varies depending on the timing of births or high mortality of lion cubs. Males stay in the pride for about 2 years, then another group of males replaces them.

The second type of social organization is wandering lions. A small part of lions lead a nomadic lifestyle, most often young and adult males without a pride. Most young males go through this, and some of them remain single for the rest of their lives. Nomadic lions follow the migrations of prey and hunt by gathering together. Lionesses are very attached to their pride and only a few females lead a nomadic lifestyle. A lone female usually returns to or settles close to the natal pride. It is much more difficult for her to join another group, since lionesses in a pride always have family ties and usually expel strangers. Stray lions have a very big sizes areas that may overlap with the pride territory. They usually occur singly or in groups of about 5, the membership of which varies freely.

Lions can change their way of life: nomads can form their own pride or join an existing one, and those living in a group can leave it.

The territory of a pride is 20-500 km², but the average size of prides in Africa is 26-226 km².

Leos have various models behavior both between prides and within the prides themselves. Different populations differ in diet and hunting preferences and methods.

Members of neighboring prides try to stay several kilometers away from their neighbors. If neighboring prides do come into contact, lionesses usually try to drive out the intruders, even if they outnumber them. Some lionesses play a greater role in defending territory than other females in the pride.

Territorial defense is carried out by males, females and immature lions. Males protect the pride from invasions of other males, thereby ensuring some exclusivity of mating, females protect their offspring from wandering males and their territory from prides of neighboring females. Females protect dens, hunting grounds, and watering areas from other prides. Increased aggressiveness in pride defense is common in areas with high lion densities, such as the Ngorongoro Crater. Territorial disputes often end with large groups drive out and persecute smaller groups.

Males defend their territory through cooperative behavior that is not determined by kinship or the behavior of companions. By making a roar, it warns the pride of a threat, and also prevents non-pride members from invading the territory. Females with lion cubs detect the roar of their males from the roar of strangers who may pose a threat to their offspring.

In general, males tend to stay on the periphery of the pride area. Mainly lionesses take part in the hunt - they are smaller, faster and more flexible than lions. During the hunt, females act in a coordinated manner - this helps them most successfully attack the prey. Division of hunting responsibilities among lionesses in national park Etosha shows that females constantly perform the same role - some pursue, others sit in ambush and kill the prey. When hunting, the group often begins to draw circles around the intended victim, and each lioness chooses the optimal route so that the victim runs away in the right direction, where an ambush awaits. At the same time, highly developed team hunting is not observed in the Serengeti, where individual lionesses may refrain from hunting depending on the type of prey pursued.

Because lionesses hunt in open areas where prey can easily spot them, coordinated action results in more successful hunts. Moreover, a group of lionesses is able to protect their prey from other predators, for example, hyenas, which are attracted by vultures flying over the corpse of a killed animal. Females do the bulk of the hunting. Males, as a rule, do not participate in it, except in cases where the victim is a large animal - for example, a giraffe or buffalo.

However, if there is a male near the hunting site, he always dominates when dividing the prey. He more willingly shares what he kills with his offspring than with lionesses, and in the case of a victim he kills himself, he feeds on it himself. Small prey is eaten on the spot by the hunters themselves, while larger ones are dragged to the territory of the pride, where other family members have access to it. On the spot, lions often behave aggressively towards each other and try to eat as much food as possible.

Young individuals watch the hunting of adult animals, but they themselves begin to take part at the age of one year. They are capable of fully hunting only from the age of two.

The social organization of lionesses allows individual members of the pride to concentrate on caring for their offspring for quite a long time, without taking part in obtaining food. During the hunt, each family member performs a certain role, more or less permanent. One of the key factors for the survival of a pride is the health of the miners - for this reason, they are the first to get the right to butcher the carcass. Social organization is also facilitated by selection, due to which related individuals have priority in the division of prey (kin selection), organized protection of offspring, protection of territory, and insurance in case of injury or starvation.

Typically, a female joins her pride when her cubs reach 6-8 weeks of age. Sometimes she can return to the pride earlier, especially if the birth occurred in sync with other lionesses. In such cases, the cubs grow up almost simultaneously, consume the same amount of food, and have a better chance of survival.

In a pride, lion cubs are kept apart in " kindergarten"up to 1 year, although the mother looks after them for about 2 more years until she becomes pregnant. "Kindergartens" are the social core of the pride. They provide maternal protection for cubs and adolescents from predators and infanticide. Lion cubs can get milk from any lactating female in the pride , although mothers predominantly feed their own or the children of close relatives (sisters).Females with small litters care for other people's cubs more than females with large litters.

Males can treat lion cubs differently: sometimes they can play with them, and sometimes they drive them away. In most cases, they like to share food more than females.

The number of females changes only after the birth or death of any lioness, although some of them may themselves leave the pride and become nomadic. Mature males leave their natal pride at 2-4 years, unless the capture of the pride by other males forces him to do this earlier. Females mostly remain in natal prides, but some young females (in the Serengeti 33%) leave, also at the age of 2-4 years. Leaving a pride leads to reduced survival of the litter, especially the first one. Females remaining in the natal pride are reproductive for about 12 years, starting at 4-5 years of age.

During rest, lion communication takes place through various expressive movements. The most common tactile gestures are head rubbing and partner licking, which may be comparable to grooming in primates. When lions rub their noses against another lion's head, neck or face, it is a sign of greeting. This sign is used when an animal returns to its relatives. Males tend to rub against other males, while cubs rub against their mothers.

Licking another individual often occurs along with friction. This is a mutual gesture aimed at obtaining pleasure. In most cases, lions lick their head and neck.

There are many facial expressions and postures that lions use as visual gestures. They are capable of making sounds that vary in strength and pitch. Lions can roar, purr, hiss, cough, bark and roar. The roar occurs in a characteristic manner, starting with a few deep sounds and ending with strong ones. Usually lions roar at night; The sound can be heard at a distance of up to 8 km. It is used as a signal to other lions, both members of their own pride and strangers.

Three or more males usually form new prides from their group, and single lions or pairs of males often unite in larger groups consisting of the same males of different prides in order to successfully take over an existing pride. Bachelor groups form as coalitions of related and unrelated males. Coalitions of unrelated males consist of no more than 3 animals, while coalitions of close relatives consist of 4-9 animals. A male's reproductive success is directly related to his length of stay in the pride, which depends on the number of males in the coalition.

After conquering a pride, a coalition of males usually kill the lion cubs. Within a few days after the death of the cubs, the females enter a state of estrus. Sexual activity with new males begins in females who have lost their offspring almost simultaneously, which leads to synchronous births in the pride. Immature males usually leave the pride, young females remain at a distance or also leave the pride if they do not mate with new males. This is especially true for already pregnant young females, who will have to raise their offspring on their own.

When a pride grows too large, the next generation of young females may be forced to leave the natal territory and without a replacement male or coalition of males in the pride.