Medicinal plants. This medicinal and very useful fungus Trutovik is multi-colored in folk medicine

The tinder family - Polyporaceae

Trametes multi-colored is a tinder fungus with fan-shaped fruiting bodies, which usually form large clusters. Fruiting bodies in clusters grow imbricate or rosettes. The size of the fruiting bodies is small - up to 8 cm in the largest dimension, 0.5 ... 1 cm thick. The hat is velvety, with concentric zones of various shades of blue, gray, black, yellow-brown. The flesh is thin, leathery, white or light brown. Hymenophore whitish or straw-yellow, pores 3-5 per 1 mm. The spore size is 4...6x1.5...2.5 µm, the color of the spore powder is white or yellowish. Fruiting bodies are annuals; dried fruiting bodies rarely remain until spring. IN English language mushroom for characteristic "variegated" appearance called Turkey tail - turkey tail.

At present, most sources use latin name Trametes versicolor, however, a synonym for Coriolus versicolor, which is becoming obsolete, can be found not only in old publications, but also on commercial sites.

Varicolored trametes is sometimes confused with other mushrooms with a similar zonal cap color, such as mushrooms of the genus Stereum (there are no pores on the lower surface of the fungus) and Daedaleopsis (hymenophore in the form of dichotomously branched plates).

Spreading

Trametes multi-colored - a cosmopolitan species, very widespread in the forest zone almost throughout the globe. In many forest biotopes, this is the most abundant tinder fungus.

habitat

Trametes reznotsvetny settles on dead wood - fallen trunks and stumps, causing white rot of wood. Usually grows on hardwood, most often birch and oak, but sometimes also settles on coniferous wood. In forest ecosystems plays a very important role, participating in the biodegradation of dead wood and the return to circulation of organic and mineral substances included in it. At the same time, it can cause economic damage, hitting harvested wood and wooden structures.

Chemical composition

Trametes versicolor contains protein-bound polysaccharide-K (PSK). The polysaccharide part of the complex consists of beta-1,4-glucan with beta-1,3 and beta-1,6 side chains. The preparation of polysaccharide-K has a pronounced anti-cancer and immunostimulating effect. The mycelium of the fungus secretes environment laccase is an enzyme that degrades wood lignin.

pharmachologic effect

Of the active ingredients of the fungus, the most famous is the preparation of polysaccharide-K or PSK, known under the commercial name Krestin. PSK has demonstrated anti-cancer activity not only in experiments in vitro And in vivo but also in clinical trials. PSK does not directly kill cancer cells, but stimulates an immune response. PSK acts on the tumor by blocking its growth and spread of metastases, suppressing the expression of some oncogenes and reducing the concentration of free radicals. Side effects taking the drug were noted only in rare cases. Anticancer activity is shown not only by the PSK preparation from the mycelium, but also by aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the fruiting bodies of the fungus, but with less efficiency. The antiviral activity of PSK and its ability to regulate cholesterol levels have also been shown.

Antibiotics of the trametes multi-colored exhibit antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal effects. The active substances of the fungus stimulate the liver and kidneys.

Application

PSK is used in Japan, China and Australia as an adjuvant (intensifier of the action of the main drug) in the chemotherapy of stomach cancer, rectum and lung carcinoma. A statistically significant increase in the life span of cancer patients was shown with the use of PSK. The use of PSK in the treatment of breast, liver, and leukemia cancer has been less certain. The Chinese version of PSK has a slightly different composition and is known as PSP.

Trametes multi-colored is part of the fees for the treatment of liver diseases and chronic bronchitis.

Secreted by the mycelium of the fungus, laccase has the ability to break down wide range organic pollutants. This makes the enzyme preparation a promising tool for biotechnological methods of cleaning soil from pesticides and wastewater from phenolic compounds. It is also of interest to use laccase to bleach paper pulp instead of the currently environmentally unsound bleaching process using chlorine compounds.

Sin .: tinder fungus, multi-colored tinder fungus, saprophyte, multi-colored coriolus, variegated tinder fungus, turkey tail, cuckoo tail, pied, yun-ji, kawaratake, multi-colored coriolus.

Trametes versicolor is a tinder fungus with fan-shaped fruiting bodies that usually form large clusters. Fruiting bodies in clusters grow imbricate or rosettes. The fungus has antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal activity.

Ask the experts

In medicine

Trametes versicolor is not included in the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation and is not used in official medicine, however, scientists do not deny the medicinal properties of varicolored trametes. In China and Japan, it is used in the complex treatment of cancer along with radiation and chemotherapy, before and after surgical interventions to remove tumors. It has been proven that when this fungus is used as a drug, atypical cells become sensitive to radiation therapy and chemotherapy treatment. In addition to the anti-cancer properties, the multi-colored trametes is able to stop some inflammatory processes.

Contraindications and side effects

Since there is no data on the clinical use of varicolored trametes in our country, it is not possible to say anything about contraindications. Definitely, women should refrain from treating this remedy during childbearing or during breastfeeding. It is also not recommended to use multi-colored trametes in childhood.

Any use of trametes must be coordinated with your doctor!

Classification

Multi-colored trametes (lat. Trametes versicolor) belongs to the Polyporaceae family (lat. Polyporaceae), the genus Trametes (lat. Trametes).

Botanical description

The fruiting body of this fungus is perennial. Trametes can reach 3 to 5 cm in length and 5 to 9 cm in width. The shape of the mushroom can be different, most often it is fan-shaped or round form. Occasionally, you can find a rosette-shaped form in the end of the trunk. This type of fungus is sessile, grows to wood mainly sideways. Often the fruit bodies of the multi-colored trametes grow together with each other at the bases, which have a slightly narrowed shape. Trametes is very soft and silky to the touch. The surface of the mushroom is sinuous, has various shades. The surface of the fungus is replaced by hairy and bare areas. The color of the multi-colored trametes can be grayish, yellowish, bluish or brown. The edges of the cap are lighter from the middle. The base of the fruiting body often has a greenish tint. When the mushroom dries completely, it becomes white. The cap of the trametes is semicircular, reaching no more than 10 cm in diameter. The smell of the pulp of the mushroom is pleasant.

Spreading

Trametes multi-colored is found in the forest zone almost throughout the globe. However, in Russia this species is practically unknown. A fungus of this species prefers to grow on a woodpile, old wood, rotten stumps left over from deciduous trees(oak, linden). Occasionally, varicolored trametes is found on trunks and remains coniferous trees. Most often, the mushroom grows in groups; it is almost impossible to meet this type of fungus alone.

Distribution regions on the map of Russia.

Procurement of raw materials

It should be noted that this mushroom is not edible. It is prepared for medicinal purposes. Trametes harvesting begins in August-September. For medicinal purposes, young fruiting bodies are cut from a tree with a sharp knife, cleaned of earth, fallen leaves and branches, then dried in an oven at a temperature of 50-60 degrees. Dried mushrooms are usually ground into a powder. The resulting powder is packed in a sealed package that excludes the influence of oxygen, moisture and light, and sterilized.

Chemical composition

Mushroom fruit bodies contain biologically active polysaccharopeptides, polysaccharides, glucans, glycoproteins, triterpenes, polyunsaturated fatty acids, B vitamins, as well as D3, F, H, C, etc., amino acids, trace elements - manganese, iron, chromium, zinc, boron , copper, potassium, calcium, cobalt.

Pharmacological properties

Studying chemical composition varicolored trametes showed the presence in it of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids. That is why this type of fungus has the ability to restore and regulate the liver. Trametes multi-colored is an excellent tool for the prevention of gallstone disease.

Trametes polysaccharides have the ability to restore metabolic processes and normalize hormonal levels in the human body. In China, trametes is popular with people who have hormonal problems.

Chitinous fiber, found in the composition of trametes, has sorbing properties, i.e. able to cleanse the intestines. Also, the fungus is used to normalize the intestinal microflora. The mushroom contains antibiotic and anti-cancer substances, helps to strengthen the immune system, has antiviral, antibacterial properties.

Application in traditional medicine

trametes multicolored, medicinal properties which has long been used in Chinese traditional medicine, mainly intended for the treatment of malignant tumors. As a medicine, a decoction is prepared from the fungus.

Trametes is used in Asian folk medicine to treat many infectious diseases lungs, intestines, kidneys, Bladder and liver. For this purpose, infusions based on trametes are prepared.

Trametes is actively used in Japan and China in the treatment of diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, thrombosis and rheumatism. Based on this fungus, a topical ointment is prepared.

Historical reference

In China, the multi-colored trametes is known as "wungji", it is also called "foggy mushroom" (Cloud Mushroom). In Japan, it is called "kawaratake" or a mushroom that grows by the river (Mushroom by the River). In Japan and China, it was used to remove fluid, reduce sputum in the treatment of inflammatory processes in the upper respiratory tract. Local healers believe that trametes is useful for maintaining strength of mind and vital energy and also to strengthen tendons and bones. If you take this mushroom for a long time, it gives a person energy and increases his life expectancy. In Japan, these mushrooms are also highly valued and are in demand among people suffering from various chronic diseases. In Japan and China, mushroom extracts are sold in sealed containers. Profit from sales reaches several million dollars a year.

Literature

1. Bondartseva M. A. Trametes versicolor - Trametes multi-colored // Families albatrellous, aporpium, boletopsia, bondarceviaceae, ganoderma, corticia (species with a porous hymenophore), lahnocladial (species with a tubular hymenophore), polyporous (genera with a tubular hymenophore), porium , rigidopor, feol, fistulin / Resp. ed. A. E. Kovalenko. - St. Petersburg: Nauka, 1998. - S. 329. - 391 p. - (Key to mushrooms of Russia. Order of aphyllophoraceae; Issue 2). - 500 copies. - ISBN 5-02-026625-6.

• Division: Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes)
• Subdivision: Agaricomycotina (Agaricomycetes)
• Class: Agaricomycetes (Agaricomycetes)
• Subclass: Incertae sedis (of uncertain position)
• Order: Polyporales (Polypore)
• Family: Polyporaceae (Polyporaceae)
• Genus: Trametes (Trametes)
• View: Trametes versicolor (Colored trametes)

Synonyms:

• Coriolus multi-colored;
• Coriolus multicolor;
• The tinder fungus is multi-colored;
• The tinder fungus is motley;
• Tail of a turkey;
• cuckoo tail;
• Pied;
• Yun-ji;
• Yun-chih;
• Kawaratake;
• Boletus atrofuscus;
• Cellularia cyathiformis;
• Polyporus caesioglaucus;
• Polystictus azureus;
• Polystictus neaniscus.

Multi-colored trametes (Trametes versicolor) is a fungus from the Polypore family.

External Description

Widespread mushroom trametes multi-colored belongs to the category of tinder fungus.

fruiting body variegated trametes perennial, characterized by a width of 3 to 5 cm and a length of 5 to 8 cm. It has a fan-shaped, semicircular shape, which can only occasionally be rosette-shaped in the end of the trunk. This type of fungus is sessile, grows sideways to the wood. Often the fruiting bodies of the multi-colored trametes grow together with each other at the bases. The very base of the mushrooms is often narrowed, to the touch - silky, velvety, in structure - very thin. The surface of the fruiting body of a multi-colored tinder fungus is completely covered with thin winding areas that have different shades. They are replaced by fleecy and bare areas. The color of these areas is variable, it can be gray-yellow, ocher-yellow, bluish-brown, brownish. The edges of the cap are lighter from the middle. The base of the fruiting body often has a greenish tint. When dried, the pulp of the fungus becomes almost white, without any shades.

The mushroom cap is characterized by a semicircular shape, with a diameter of no more than 10 cm. The mushroom grows mainly in groups. characteristic feature species is the diversity of fruiting bodies. In the upper part of the fruit body of the described species there are multi-colored areas of white, blue, gray, velvety, black, silvery colors. The surface of the mushroom is often silky to the touch and shiny.

The flesh of a multi-colored tinder fungus is light, thin and leathery. Sometimes it can have a white or brownish color. Her scent is pleasant spore powder mushroom - white color, and the hymenophore is tubular, finely porous, contains pores of irregular, unequal sizes. The color of the hymenophore is light, slightly yellowish, in mature fruiting bodies it becomes brownish, has narrow edges, and occasionally may cast red.

Season and habitat of the mushroom

The active growth of the variegated tinder fungus falls on the period from the second half of June to the end of October. The fungus of this species prefers to settle on woodpile, old wood, rotten stumps left over from deciduous trees (oaks, birches). Occasionally, a multi-colored tinder fungus is found on the trunks and remains of coniferous trees. You can see it often, but mostly in small groups. Alone, it does not grow. Reproduction of varicolored trametes occurs quickly, and often leads to the formation of heart rot on healthy trees.

Edibility

Inedible.

Similar types and differences from them

The multi-colored, shiny and velvety surface of the fruiting body distinguishes the variegated tinder fungus from all other types of mushrooms. It is almost impossible to confuse this species with any other, because it gives out a bright color.

Other information about the mushroom

Multi-colored trametes (Trametes versicolor) is a mushroom that is widely distributed in many forests on the planet. The variegated appearance of the fruit body is very similar to a turkey or peacock tail. A large number of shades of the surface makes the variegated tinder fungus a recognizable and well-distinguishable mushroom. Despite such a bright appearance on the territory of Russia, this type of trametes is practically not known. Only in some parts of the country is there little mention that this mushroom has healing properties. It can be used to make a medicine for the prevention of liver and stomach cancer, effective treatment ascites (dropsy) boiling multi-colored tinder fungus in a water bath. With cancerous ulcers, an ointment made on the basis of badger fat and dried Trametes mushroom powder helps well.

In Japan, the medicinal qualities of the multi-colored tinder fungus are well known. Infusions and ointments based on this fungus are used to treat various degrees of oncology. Interestingly, mushroom therapy in this country is prescribed in a complex way in medical institutions, before irradiation and after chemotherapy. Actually, the use of fungotherapy in Japan is considered a mandatory procedure for all cancer patients.

In China, variegated trametes is considered an excellent general tonic to prevent malfunctions in the immune system. Also, preparations based on this fungus are considered an excellent tool for the treatment of liver diseases, including chronic hepatitis.

A special polysaccharide called coriolanus was isolated from the fruiting bodies of the varicolored trametes. It is he who actively affects the tumor (cancer) cells and contributes to an increase in cellular immunity.