SCO Members of the organization Intersections of interests Considering the divergent interests of the countries participating in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, a Russian economist. Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan

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What is the SCO?
The Shanghai Cooperation Organization or SCO is
Eurasian political, economic and military organization,
which was founded in 2001 in Shanghai by the leaders of China,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan (10
July 2015, it was announced the start of the procedure for India to join the SCO and
Pakistan)
In June 2002, the heads of SCO member states met in
St. Petersburg, Russia. There they signed the SCO Charter,
which contained the organization's goals, principles, structure and
form of work, and approved it officially from the point of view
international
rights.
SCO
not military
bloc (such as NATO) or
an open, regular safety meeting (such as
ARF), but occupies an intermediate position

SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANIZATION Shanghai Organization cooperation - international an organization founded in 2001 by the leaders of China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan. On July 10, 2015, the start of the procedure for India and Pakistan to join the SCO was announced. With the exception of Uzbekistan, the rest of the countries were members of the “Shanghai Five”, founded as a result of the signing in the years. between Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, China, Russia and Tajikistan agreements on confidence-building in the military field and on mutual reduction armed forces in the border area.

SCO Membership: 8 member states 4 observer states 2 candidate observer states 6 states with “dialogue partner” status Official languages: Russian, Chinese Leaders: Secretary General - Tajikistan Rashid Alimov (appointed on June 7, 2012; holds position since 1 January 2016 to December 31, 2018)

HISTORY OF THE SCO DEVELOPMENT The prerequisites for the creation of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization were laid back in the 60s of the 20th century, when the USSR and the PRC entered into negotiations to resolve territorial disputes. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, new negotiators emerged in the form of Russia and the Central Asian states. After the PRC resolved territorial disputes with neighboring CIS states (Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan), the opportunity arose further development regional cooperation. In 1996, the Shanghai Five was formed. Subsequent annual summits of the Shanghai Five were held in Moscow in 1997, Almaty (Kazakhstan) in 1998, Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan) in 1999 and Dushanbe (Tajikistan) in 2000. By the time of the Bishkek summit, the creation of permanent cooperation mechanisms had begun: meetings of ministers and expert groups. A new international organization began to take shape. There are national coordinators appointed by each country.

In 2001, a meeting was held in Shanghai. Then five participating countries accepted Uzbekistan into the organization, which led to the renaming of the organization to the Shanghai Cooperation Organization or the “Shanghai Six”. The first documents adopted by the SCO were the “Declaration on the Establishment of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization”, the “Shanghai Convention on Combating Terrorism, Separatism and Extremism” and the “Joint Statement on the Connection of Uzbekistan to the Shanghai Five Mechanism”.

FEATURES OF THE SCO The total territory of the SCO member countries is more than 34 million km², that is, 60% of the territory of Eurasia. The total population of the SCO countries is 3 billion 40 million people (2015), half of the world's population. The PRC economy is the second economy in the world in terms of nominal GDP, the first in terms of GDP at purchasing power parity (since 2014). The SCO is not a military bloc (like, for example, NATO) or an open regular security meeting (like, for example, the ARF), but occupies an intermediate position. The main objectives of the organization are strengthening stability and security in a wide area uniting member states, combating terrorism, separatism, extremism, drug trafficking, developing economic cooperation, energy partnership, scientific and cultural interaction.

SCO GOALS: strengthening mutual trust, friendship and good neighborliness between member states; development of multidisciplinary cooperation in order to maintain and strengthen peace, security and stability in the region, promote the construction of a new democratic, fair and rational political and economic international order; joint counteraction to terrorism, separatism and extremism in all their manifestations, the fight against illegal drug and weapons trafficking, other types of transnational criminal activities, as well as illegal migration; encouraging effective regional cooperation in political, trade, economic, defense, law enforcement, environmental, cultural, scientific and technical, educational, energy, transport, credit and financial and other areas of common interest; promoting comprehensive and balanced economic growth, social and cultural development in the region through joint actions on the basis of equal partnership in order to steadily increase the level and improve the living conditions of the peoples of the Member States; coordination of approaches when integrating into world economy; promoting human rights and fundamental freedoms in accordance with the international obligations of member states and their national legislation; maintaining and developing relations with other states and international organizations; cooperation in prevention international conflicts and their peaceful settlement; joint search for solutions to problems that will arise in the 21st century.

Intersections of interests Considering the divergent interests of the countries participating in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, Russian economist R. Andreeshchev noted that in the case of the SCO there are no obvious prerequisites for cooperation. In his opinion, the cementing factor is the reluctance of the countries of Central Asia, as well as Russia and China, to accept the policies imposed by the US administration, the active economic and political expansion of which does not meet the interests of these countries. No less important is the issue of stability, which still remains unresolved for the region and causes statements by representatives of Western countries about an alleged “lack of democracy” in the former republics of the USSR. Considering the divergent interests of the countries participating in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, Russian economist R. Andreeshchev noted that in the case of the SCO there are no obvious prerequisites for cooperation. In his opinion, the cementing factor is the reluctance of the countries of Central Asia, as well as Russia and China, to accept the policies imposed by the US administration, the active economic and political expansion of which does not meet the interests of these countries. No less important is the issue of stability, which still remains unresolved for the region and causes statements by representatives of Western countries about an alleged “lack of democracy” in the former republics of the USSR. According to A. A. Koltyukov, head of the Institute military history The Ministries of Defense of Russia, China, Pakistan, Iran and India, not least of all, view the SCO as a tool to counter the American military presence in the region, which undoubtedly poses a threat to the security of these countries. According to A. A. Koltyukov, head of the Institute of Military History of the Ministry of Defense Russia, China, Pakistan, Iran and India, not least of all, view the SCO as a tool to counter the American military presence in the region, which undoubtedly poses a threat to the security of these countries

Interests of the participating countries and their divergences China, considering the SCO countries as a promising sales market, believes that the priorities of the SCO are between anti-terrorist and economic activity should be shared equally, and in the future, economic strategy may take the main place in the organization’s activities. Russia, on the contrary, insists on maintaining the traditional activity of the SCO in the fight against manifestations of the “three evils” (in SCO terminology): terrorism, extremism and separatism and, fearing the establishment of economic hegemony of the PRC in post-Soviet Asia, is making efforts to restrain Beijing’s proposals to intensify economic cooperation within the SCO. China, considering the SCO countries as a promising sales market, believes that the SCO's priorities between anti-terrorist and economic activities should be divided equally, and in the future, economic strategy may take the main place in the organization's activities. Russia, on the contrary, insists on maintaining the traditional activity of the SCO in the fight against manifestations of the “three evils” (in SCO terminology): terrorism, extremism and separatism and, fearing the establishment of economic hegemony of the PRC in post-Soviet Asia, is making efforts to restrain Beijing’s proposals to intensify economic cooperation within the SCO.

Cooperation in the field of security The activities of the SCO initially lay in the sphere of mutual intraregional actions to suppress terrorist acts, as well as separatism and extremism in Central Asia. According to Chinese Foreign Minister Tang Jiaxuan, she became the first international organization which made the idea of ​​fighting terrorism the core of its activities. The activities of the SCO initially lay in the sphere of mutual intraregional actions to suppress terrorist acts, as well as separatism and extremism in Central Asia. According to Chinese Foreign Minister Tang Jiaxuan, it became the first international organization to make the idea of ​​combating terrorism the core of its activities.

Economic cooperation Despite the fact that the SCO was initially created with the goal of jointly protecting the borders of neighboring states, almost immediately its activities also acquired an economic focus. A few months after the start of the SCO, at their first meeting in Almaty, the prime ministers of the member states of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization discussed issues of regional trade and economic cooperation, the development of the SCO and other problems, signed a Memorandum between the governments of the SCO member states on the main goals and areas of regional economic cooperation and the launch of a process to create favorable conditions in the field of trade and investment. Despite the fact that the SCO was initially created with the goal of jointly protecting the borders of neighboring states, almost immediately its activities also acquired an economic focus. A few months after the start of the SCO, at their first meeting in Almaty, the prime ministers of the member states of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization discussed issues of regional trade and economic cooperation, the development of the SCO and other problems, signed a Memorandum between the governments of the SCO member states on the main goals and areas of regional economic cooperation and launching a process to create favorable conditions in the field of trade and investment

Cultural and humanitarian cooperation In the Declaration on the creation of the SCO, the participating countries also stated the need to develop cultural cooperation. In the Declaration on the creation of the SCO, the participating countries also stated the need to develop cultural cooperation. For the first time, the ministers of culture of the participating countries met in Beijing on April 12, 2002. Governments actively supported the holding of Culture Days, the participation of artistic groups and artists. Since that time, humanitarian cooperation has gradually intensified: joint events are held to coincide with significant historical dates countries included in the SCO, exchanges of students and teaching staff are practiced, attempts are being made to create joint training centers. For the first time, the ministers of culture of the participating countries met in Beijing on April 12, 2002. Governments actively supported the holding of Culture Days, the participation of artistic groups and artists. Since that time, humanitarian cooperation has gradually intensified: joint events are held to coincide with significant historical dates of the SCO member countries, exchanges of students and teaching staff are practiced, and attempts are made to create joint educational centers.