Maroon color. Made by us. Deprivation of the right to wear

A number of post-Soviet states:

• troops of the Russian National Guard (formerly internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia);
• internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Belarus;
• National Guard of the Republic of Kazakhstan (formerly internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan);
• internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, until their disbandment on March 12, 2014.

The maroon beret is awarded in order to pass complex qualification tests and is a source of exceptional pride.

Contract servicemen and conscripted servicemen (who have served in units) are allowed to take qualification tests for the right to wear a maroon beret. special purpose at least a year) and have demonstrated solid knowledge and skills in all subjects of combat training of this course (with an overall rating of no lower than “good”), and are positively characterized in their service. In this course, the core subjects are special fire, special physical and tactical training of troops of the National Guard of Russia (other states).

In Russia, in addition to military personnel of the National Guard troops (internal troops), in different time employees were allowed to participate in qualification tests special units police (militia) and the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia.

In the USSR and Russia

Story

• For the first time, as a uniform headdress of the special forces of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs, the maroon beret was adopted in 1978 in the 9th special purpose training company (URSN) of the 3rd battalion of the 2nd regiment OMSDON (Dzerzhinsky Division). The maroon color of the beret matched the color of the shoulder straps of the internal troops. The head of combat training of the internal troops, Lieutenant General Alexander Sidorov, supported and approved this idea and, on his instructions, the first 25 berets made of fabric were ordered from one of the factories maroon color.

1979-1987

• Berets were worn during demonstration exercises by a small group of military personnel, as well as by officers and sergeants on public holidays.

In American special forces, nothing was ever given for nothing; everything had to be earned. The right to wear the Green Beret was earned through grueling trials, through blood and sweat.

Miklos Szabo, "Alpha Team"

Striving for continuous improvement of the training process for special forces soldiers and their professional growth, Sergei Lysyuk and Viktor Putilov drew up an exam program, the passing of which automatically nominated the person who passed it to the elite of the special forces.

In the initial period, qualification tests had to be carried out illegally, under the guise of complex control classes. The wearing of a maroon beret by the select few did not find understanding among the command, which believed that this insignia should be worn by all military personnel of special forces units, regardless of their level of training.

• May 31 - Commander of the Internal Troops Anatoly Kulikov approved the Regulations “On qualification tests of military personnel for the right to wear a maroon beret.” Only special forces units of the internal troops are tested for the maroon beret.

• August 22 - Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated No. 326 “On measures to comply with the rules of wearing the established uniform by employees of internal affairs bodies and military personnel of internal troops,” according to which it was prohibited to wear maroon berets to employees of internal affairs bodies and military personnel of internal troops, except for special forces units of internal troops .

• Various special forces units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs - riot police, special forces (OMSN), special forces departments of the GUIN (when they were still in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs) - began to take exams for the maroon beret in their units. The conditions for their delivery in these units differed from those accepted in the special forces of the internal troops - the tests were carried out in accordance with the tasks assigned to this unit.
• Some police special forces units began to be issued a maroon beret as regular uniform.
• In the linear units of the internal troops, commanders, without any reason, began to issue a maroon beret to outsiders - mainly to sponsors helping military units.
• A number of commanders are beginning to use passing the exam as a way to raise their personal authority, a way to reward military personnel whom, for some reason, the commander considered it necessary to encourage. In addition, some commanders conducted tests with violations.

Officers and warrant officers of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs Russian Federation(with the exception of officers and warrant officers of naval units and aviation, as well as special motorized military units internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation) wear: a khaki woolen cap; wool cap with maroon piping.

This decree destroyed the existing system of traditions and previous regulations for appropriating and wearing a maroon beret.

• Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia “On the procedure for passing qualification tests for the right to wear a maroon beret” [ ] - streamlined the surrender process and eliminated all speculation around the highest symbol of the special forces.

Innovations: conducting qualification tests - centrally, in one place (in order to track the level of training of test participants); preliminary tests have been introduced - the selection of the most worthy military personnel who already have experience in participating in such events.

• September - first qualification tests according to the new regulations

Tests

Purpose of testing:

• Identify military personnel with the highest individual training for actions to neutralize armed criminals, free hostages and perform other tasks in critical situations and in emergency circumstances;
• Creating an incentive to cultivate high moral qualities in military personnel.

Preliminary

The preliminary stage of testing is the final inspection during the training period for the special forces unit program. The overall assessment for the inspection should be no lower than “good”, and for special fire, special physical and tactical training of internal troops - “excellent”.
Testing includes: running 3 thousand meters; pull-up (according to NFP-87); a set of strength exercises - 4×10 (flexion-extension of the arms in a lying position, squat-rest in a lying position, abdominal exercise, jumping from a squat position) is carried out in seven repetitions.
Testing is carried out 1-2 days before qualification tests.

Basic

The main tests are carried out in one day and include a forced march of at least 10 km, followed by overcoming obstacles SOP (special obstacle course) in extreme conditions, inspection of training for storming high-rise buildings, acrobatics and hand-to-hand combat.

• 12-kilometer forced march.
• Passing a special obstacle course - overcome on the move after completing the march. After passing through the OSP (fire-assault zone), in order to inspect the condition of the weapon during the forced march and overcoming obstacles, one blank shot is fired from a service weapon.
• Examination of high-speed shooting skills against a background of fatigue. Trainees immediately after inspecting the functionality of the weapon move to the firing line to perform 1 SUUS (special firing training exercise) from a machine gun. The exercise time is 20 seconds.
• The examination of skills in storming high-rise buildings using special descent equipment is carried out on a five-story building. The exercise time at this stage is 45 seconds. Didn't meet the given time are not allowed for subsequent tests.
• Performing acrobatic exercises: kip-up from a supine position; kicking a silhouette followed by a somersault; forward somersault from an acrobatic springboard or swing bridge.
• Performing 4 complexes hand-to-hand combat.
• Training matches (of special importance) - the fight is conducted for 12 minutes without a break with a change of three partners, one of whom is the same examinee, the others are military personnel who already have a maroon beret. In the case of a passive duel between subjects, they are “broken” for one minute, and the duel with each of them is conducted by observers who will participate in the tests of the next subjects. If the subjects continue to show passivity, the “breaking” is repeated.

Note: the subject is allowed to provide medical care on the court for no more than 1 minute during the battle.

Peculiarities

• If there are three comments, the serviceman is removed from further testing.
• It is impossible for all participants to pass the test. Only 20-30% of those taking part reach the second and third tests.
• Instructors are strictly prohibited from providing assistance to subjects during the march and overcoming obstacles, as well as from interfering in the testing process or issuing any commands or orders to help the participant.
• The doctor's decision during testing is the most important thing.
• Since 2009, the standard for “high altitude” was not 45 seconds, but 30 seconds. Taking into account the fact that the subject must run 15 meters away from the building that he stormed and put the “eight” on the table or hit the table with his palm.
• After performing acrobatic elements, the subjects show sets of special exercises: three sets of hand-to-hand combat and one with a weapon.

Award ceremony

• The presentation of the maroon beret is carried out during the general formation of the military unit (participants of examination tests) in a solemn atmosphere. A serviceman who has successfully passed all the tests receives a beret, kisses him, standing on right knee, puts it on his head, turns to the line, puts his hand to the headdress and loudly says: “I serve the Russian Federation and special forces!” (formerly “I serve the Fatherland and special forces!”)

• From this moment on, the serviceman has the right to wear a maroon beret with his everyday and dress uniform. In the column of the military ID “Special notes”, as a rule, a corresponding entry is made and sealed with the official seal of the unit. Later, a certificate with an identification number is issued, confirming the right to wear a maroon beret.

Deprivation of the right to wear

For actions that discredit the rank of a serviceman of a Special Forces unit, the serviceman may be deprived of the right to wear a maroon beret. Discrediting the rank of a military member of a special forces unit is:

• Manifestation of cowardice and cowardice during hostilities;
• Miscalculations and unreasonable actions that resulted in the death of comrades, failure of a combat mission and other grave consequences;
• Decrease in the level of your physical and special training;
• The use of special hand-to-hand combat techniques outside of a combat situation and for personal gain;
• Allowing hazing;
• Gross violations of general military regulations and criminal legislation;
• Systematic violation of military discipline.

The decision to deprive the right to wear a maroon beret is made by the Council maroon berets military unit at the request of the unit commander.

• “Councils of Maroon Berets” have been created in detachments and special forces units of the internal troops. They contain the most trained and experienced “krapovikov”, who enjoy unquestioned authority among their colleagues. It is by decision of the council that one or another candidate is allowed to take qualification tests for the right to wear a maroon beret.
• “The Council of Maroon Berets of the Internal Troops” was formed by order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Internal Troops of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs. The chairman is Colonel Igor Medvedev, Colonel Mikhail Illarionov has been appointed deputy. It included a number of other senior officers, as well as chairmen of the “Councils of Maroon Berets” of military units. It was this collegial body, after holding a meeting in the city of Smolensk in 2008, that developed a proposal to hold two stages of the competition.

Data

The maroon beret does not give its owner any privileges over other military personnel (no increase in salary, no promotion, or any other special treatment).

In other countries

The traditions of the special forces of the internal troops in most post-Soviet states not only retained their high status, but also developed into a real cult. Presentation of a maroon beret based on the results of qualification tests the best fighters occurs in the special forces of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Belarus,

The maroon beret is a uniform headdress of units and special forces units of internal troops in a number of states in the territory of former USSR- Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Ukraine, and earlier - the internal troops of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs. It is a source of pride and a sign of the exceptional valor of a special forces soldier. The right to wear a maroon beret has the right to military personnel of special forces units (SPN) who have sufficient professional, physical and moral qualities who have successfully passed qualification tests. In addition, a maroon beret can be awarded for courage and bravery shown in the performance of military duty during military operations and special operations, as well as for special services in the development of special purpose units and units. (From Wiki).

The second stage is overcoming obstacles fire assault strip. Participants overcame obstacles in threes, gradually moving from object to object.

After passing through the fire-assault zone, the fighters demonstrate the readiness of their weapons for battle. They must load the blank cartridge given to them at the start and fire. If the shot does not occur, then the candidate is removed from the race.

Fire training. In 20 seconds, the participant had to hit a “terrorist” target with a machine gun without hitting a “hostage.”

Altitude training. The dealer must go down from the window of the fifth floor, take a line through the window of the fourth, in the window of the second floor, knock down a dummy with his foot and throw a grenade through the window, then unfasten the carbine on the ground and, having run 15 meters from the building, put the “eight” on the instructor’s table or slam his hand on table. You have 30 seconds to complete the exercise. Those who made mistakes during execution or did not meet the allotted time are removed from the tests.

Acrobatics and a set of special exercises. Participants perform 3 acrobatic elements [kip-up from a supine position; kicking a silhouette followed by a somersault; forward somersault from an acrobatic springboard] and sets of special exercises [with and without weapons]

And finally hand-to-hand combat. Applicants must fight for 12 minutes without a break. The fights were divided into 4 rounds of 3 minutes each, in which the participants fought among themselves and with the instructors.

And now the instructors, who had just confronted the candidates so harshly, are sincerely happy for those who passed the test.

20. The berets were presented during the general formation of the test participants. Those awarded the right to wear a maroon beret stood on their right knee, kissed the beret and, standing up and putting it on, said: “I serve the Fatherland and the special forces!” Then they were congratulated by other "krapoviki".

As a result of the tests on October 11, out of more than a hundred applicants, 8 special forces were awarded the right to wear a maroon beret. Currently, about 500 “krapovikov” serve in the internal troops of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs.

I would like to wish the special forces soldiers happy service. Let everyone for whom the maroon beret is a cherished goal achieve it.
I would also like to wish you comfortable, high-quality equipment.

The maroon beret is a difficult element of clothing for a special forces soldier; it is a symbol of valor and honor, the right to wear which not many are awarded. To receive this coveted insignia, there are only two possibilities:

1. A special beret can be earned for participation and display of courage in hostilities, for demonstrated courage and perseverance.
2. You can pass qualification tests for the right to wear this special headdress.

History of the headdress

Back in 1936, this element of clothing was introduced into women's uniforms. But in 1963 it was introduced into the uniform of the Marines, and in 1967, by the decision of General Margelov, this element of the uniform could be seen among the Airborne Forces. But the beret was officially introduced into the uniform of the Airborne Forces only in 1969. Vasily Filippovich Margelov borrowed it from the Marines, since he himself served there during the war. However, he did not immediately become maroon.

In 1980, during the World Olympics in Moscow, a special forces training company was created, on the basis of which, subsequently, the well-known Vityaz detachment was organized. The fighters of this unit required a special sign, which was somehow different from the others. This insignia was chosen to be a maroon beret. Maroon takes on the color, it has this color for a reason, the blood shed by fighters during participation in battles has the same color.

Until 1988, the beret was worn exclusively during parades, and all special forces soldiers had the right to wear it. But subsequently the choice of this special headdress was influenced by the brotherhood of maroon berets. Thanks to the former commander of the “Vityaz” detachment, Sergei Ivanovich Lysyuk, it was developed special program, which involves obtaining this honor through passing certain tests. The Brotherhood of maroon berets Vityaz initially carried out these tests behind the scenes, but in 1993 a regulation was adopted at the official level on passing qualification tests for the right to wear a maroon beret.

How are these tests carried out?

The tests have two purposes:

• They are designed to identify specially trained special forces soldiers capable of freeing hostages in special conditions and neutralize dangerous criminals.
• Another goal is motivational, creating an incentive for the entire special forces unit.

Not everyone is allowed to take such tests; military personnel who joined the army and served for at least six months under a contract or conscription into the internal troops have this right.

Has 2 stages, over 2 days. On the first day, applicants take tests in fire training, tactics, and also take those disciplines that were studied during training in special forces training courses. If the applicant passes this stage and receives a grade of at least “good”, he is admitted to the second stage. In addition, at the preliminary stage you must pass a physical fitness test.

The tests include a forced march of 3 kilometers, pull-ups and other exercises included in the program. After passing the preliminary exams, those who pass this stage and receive a grade of at least “excellent” are admitted to the main stage. In each discipline, they can be removed from the test for poor performance, so not everyone is allowed to the second stage.

The main stage includes:

• A forced march through difficult terrain with a length of about 10 kilometers.
• A complicated obstacle course.
• Shooting training.
• Test for the ability to storm multi-story buildings.
• Testing for acrobatic skills.
• Hand-to-hand combat.

While passing tests, fighters are exposed not only to colossal physical activity, but also a lot of psychological pressure. During the forced march stage, subjects are given additional commands. What are these commands? The commander conducting the test can give a command about a surprise attack by the enemy or create a simulation of passing through a zone with toxic substances.

In addition, overcoming obstacles with water and mud or evacuating the wounded only adds to the complexity. The time allotted for passing this test is assigned according to weather conditions and terrain features. Fighters who do not meet the allotted time are not allowed to participate in further tests.

An equally difficult stage is the obstacle course. At this stage, special observation of the subjects is established. For every 5 people, 1 instructor is allocated, since there are frequent cases of injury at this stage.

Psychological pressure is exerted by sound effects simulating explosions and gunshots. Part of the strip is filled with smoke to create special conditions close to real combat operations. It is not for nothing that the special forces motto sounds like “Special forces are like iron, without action they rust.” There are a lot of these actions during testing.

The subsequent stages are just as difficult. The final stage, where hand-to-hand combat skills are tested, is carried out in special equipment. Wearing a protective helmet and boxing gloves, but even despite such protection, there are frequent cases of knocked out teeth and broken noses among the test subjects. However, for those who have passed all the tests with honor, all the difficulties of passing the tests become unimportant when they are awarded the insignia received in such a difficult struggle.

The presentation of the maroon beret takes place in a solemn atmosphere and in front of his colleagues, the fighter receives this award. At such a moment, emotions overwhelm everyone who with such difficulty won the right to wear this insignia. The soldier is given a beret and with the words: “I serve the fatherland and special forces!”, He becomes one of those who has the privilege of wearing this headdress of a special color.

Deprivation of the insignia

This measure is applied to fighters who, for some reason, were unable to maintain this privilege. This right can be deprived by various reasons. It is much easier to lose this right than to acquire it. The maroon beret may be deprived in cases where a fighter shows cowardice during hostilities or his actions led to the death of a comrade through his fault.

In addition, poor physical fitness, negligence, violation of discipline and the use of special training skills for selfish purposes can lead to the loss of this right. Such a decision can only be made in the council of maroon berets, based on a complaint received from the commander of the unit where the soldier serves.

After the service period was reduced to one year, only military personnel serving under a contract are allowed to take such tests. This insignia does not provide any special privileges in relation to other fighters. Does not give the right to receive an increased monetary allowance or special treatment for promotion.

But every fighter who was awarded the honor of wearing this insignia on his head can say what great importance this attribute of clothing is personal to him. It may lose color and look different immediately after being awarded, but it is not just a piece of uniform, it is the award that every special forces soldier strives for.

Originally posted by 16165853_vkontakte. at Beret in speckled colors

It all started today at half past six in the morning in Balashikha. Formation and final preparations.

The outfit of a candidate for the right to wear a maroon beret weighs 15 kg. Each of the fighters will face a difficult forced march and a lot of exciting adventures...

And - forward!

8 km of interval cross-country through the forest is behind us. there is a water hazard ahead

And after the obstacle there is a sand slide. The guys overcame it several times - crawling and running, under the explosions of training grenades. It was terribly difficult - I ran up onto it myself with a tripod on my shoulder and almost put my tongue on my shoulder)

After the cross-country there is a firing line immediately.

And behind it - combat acrobatics

After acrobatics there was shooting at a shooting range, and then - high-altitude training. The soldiers came down from the third floor, shot at the terrorists with pistols and threw grenades. Everything is for a while.

Then it was time for kata - formal exercises with and without weapons. We skated everything perfectly!

And the final touch is sparring. It’s tough, sometimes even cruel, but this is special forces. The main thing is to survive. Defeat not the enemy, but yourself. For they are invincible, having conquered themselves. Of the 10 people who reached the battles, 9 emerged victorious.

Nargada - maroon beret. These guys deserve to wear it, because they have stood the test - with blood and sweat, pain and suffering. They survived. That’s why it’s truly priceless to them. Symbol of fortitude. A symbol of the highest valor of Russian special forces!

The finalists of the exam are awarded by Sergei Ivanovich Lysyuk himself, a legend of the Russian special forces. It was he who, in 1985, developed the rules for passing the maroon beret. Today this exam is the most difficult in the world of special forces.

General photo - the brotherhood of maroon berets "Vityaz" and the newly-made brothers.

Well, Sergei Ivanovich and I) Oh, and he’s healthy!

And this is Sergey, instructor of the Central Scientific Research Center. Great fighter and very good man. Thanks to him, I was able to shoot some really cool footage for the future program.

And we all rooted for this little brother. He is from Kaliningrad, confidently went to the test and passed it with honor.

(bright red) color. It is a crushed root of madder - Rubia tinctorum, and similar species Rubia peregrina And Rubia mungista. Madder is a perennial plant; its root is from 10 to 25 cm long and about 0.5 cm thick, orange (yellow-red) inside, brown outside.

Maroon- in Russian, a shade of red, darker and duller. Previously maroon cloth was cheaper than red cloth, and was used to make a number of elements of military uniforms for the lower ranks of the Russian Armed Forces of the imperial period.

Story [ | ]

At the end of the 19th century, madder was cultivated in significant quantities in France, Alsace, Holland, Bavaria, Belgium, the Caucasus and the Levant. The annual cost of madder root produced in France alone was estimated at no less than 100 million francs. There were also significant madder plantations in the Caucasus near Derbent and Shushi. The best varieties were considered to be Levant and Avignon crapp: Levant crapp went on sale in the form of a root, under the name “lizari” or “alizari”; European varieties are mostly in a ground state.

Madder is mentioned by Pliny and other ancient authors. It was discovered, for example, as a pink dye on plaster in an Egyptian tomb painting of the Greco-Roman period. Came to Holland in the 16th century. through Spain, which received madder from the Moors. Colbert introduced madder in Avignon in 1666, Franzen - in Alsace in 1729, but this dye began to occupy a prominent place only by 1760-1790.

To prepare an artistic pigment (varnish), alum was added to the madder root extract and precipitation was carried out using alkali.

The cultivation of madder ceased in the last quarter of the 19th century. after the German chemists Graebe and Liebermann proposed a method for producing alizarin in 1868.

Growing madder (according to the Brockhaus encyclopedia)[ | ]

Madder is propagated by cuttings or seeds and is usually harvested no earlier than 4-5 years after sowing. On soil favorable for its growth and in suitable climatic conditions tithe gives up to 200 pd. washed root. The roots dug out of the ground are dried in the sun and sold in this form.

Application of crappie[ | ]

Alizarin

The use of kappa as a dyeing substance was based on the content of pigments in it: alizarin and. Alizarin in crappie is, however, not in a free state, but in the form of a glycoside of ruberitric acid, which, during fermentation or under the influence of acids, breaks down into sugar and alizarin, according to the equation: C 26 H 28 O 14 + 2H 2 O = C 14 H 8 O 4 + 2C 6 H 12 O 6 .

The classic work of Graebe and Lieberman showed that both alizarin and purpurin are derivatives of the hydrocarbon anthracene: the first is dioxyanthraquinone C 14 H 6 O 2 (HO) 2, the second is trioxyanthraquinone C 14 H 5 O 2 (HO) 3. These works served as the basis for a vast industry chemical industry- the production of artificial alizarin, which quickly replaced krapp and krapp preparations, krapp extracts from dyeing practice. According to Rosenstiel's research, purpurin, another madder pigment, is found in crappie not in the form of a glucoside, but in the form of a carboxylic acid, pseudopurpurin, which, when heated with water, breaks down into purpurin and carbon dioxide.

In addition to alizarin and purpurin, two other substances have been isolated from kappa. chemically very close to alizarin: , an isomer of alizarin and, in composition, a carboxylic acid, standing to alizarin in the same ratio as pseudopurpurin to purpurin. The use of krapp in dyeing practice was based precisely on the ability of alizarin to produce durable and bright colored varnishes with various metal oxides; so, with iron - purple or black, with alumina - bright red and Pink colour, with tin mordant - fiery red, etc.

In particular, significant quantities of crappie were used in purple dyeing to obtain red, as well as to obtain black and brown colors. In order to, if possible, enhance the coloring ability of madder, its crushed root was very often preliminarily subjected to various treatments, which resulted in an already prepared crappie or the so-called crappie extract. This kind of pre-treatment more or less completely removed impurities harmful to dyeing: resins, acids, sugary and pectin substances, and when dyeing with crappie extract the result was always more lively and bright shade colors. One of the most common crappie preparations was; and was used in quite significant quantities. Crappe color (fleur de garance) was prepared by fermenting washed and ground crappie; Pinkoffin processing of crappie in an autoclave | ]