Purpose: To get acquainted with the features of the construction of the text - descriptions, namely, the description of nature. Learn to express your own thoughts and feelings. Improve the skills of monologue speech through artistic description nature. Show the dependence of the choice of each content element, each micro-theme and language means on the topic and main idea of ​​the text; to form the ability to select elements of content and language tools artistic expressiveness of the disclosure of the topic; develop the ability to see the beauty in everyday pictures and describe your feelings in words; The development of students' aesthetic perception of the world, the ability to appreciate the beautiful in art, poetry, prose.

Equipment: illustrations of the paintings “Seasons”, musical recording by A.S. Griboyedov "Waltz" No. 2; P.I. Tchaikovsky "October", "June". “ Dictionary” Russian language Ozhegov, textbook.

Epigraph: The feeling of nature is innate, and every person has it. ( V. Peskov)

During the classes

Teacher: Nature has always excited writers, poets, artists, composers, it inspired them to new creations. (Poems about nature by A.S. Pushkin, S.A. Yesenin are heard). Announcement of the task of the lesson: after today's lesson, you should have such a consonance of “living words” so that each line of your composition “breathes with holy charm ”.

Making an entry in a notebook: number, topic

– What role do you think the description of nature plays in the works of writers and poets. (Answers of children).

- Guys, do you want to learn how to describe nature so that it also excites the reader.

The waltz of A.S. Griboyedov "Waltz" (No. 2).

- So, have you ever watched how the leaves fall off in the fall? (answers)

Have you ever noticed how a leaf flies away from a branch? Did you feel the lightness of rustling leaves walking along the alley, through the forest, in the garden?

Appeal to the epigraph. (parsing, meaning)

But a writer can, looking at nature, cover a whole space or corner, but express it in words, magical, enchanting. And in today's lesson, we will try to imbue with the same feelings and desires that K. Paustovsky experienced when creating a work about autumn nature “Yellow Light”. You and I must determine the topic and main idea text. (Text analysis, oral planning, writing key words in a notebook).

Thus, we have identified small themes (micro-themes) that make up the theme of the story “Yellow Light”.

- Can one of the parts be omitted? (for example, "Fire in the forest" ...). No. This means that all parts complement the picture of autumn in nature, all of them are subject to the disclosure of the theme: “Autumn in nature”. Did you notice when you read the text that you were in this forest? (Answers)

And this is because K. Paustovsky described nature in such a way, picked up such words, expressions. For example, not just - but a lot, abundance, apparently-invisibly, these are the words - decorations, coloring. And we need to protect this beauty, it is defenseless.

Showing the scene "Chamomile" Yakovlev.

But back to the topic of the lesson. With the help of words, you can prove your statement, convey a chain of successive events, formulate an idea about some object, phenomenon.

- What are the three types of speech (writing) I named? (reasoning, narration, description)

– The type of speech we are working with today? Where is the answer to the question? (description - in the topic of the lesson)

Writing in a notebook: type of speech - description

speech style - (What styles of speech do you know? What style of speech do we mainly use when describing?)

art

genre - sketch.

Remember what text styles you know? (answers). What are the parts of the story?

(1 - beginning; 2 - main part; 3 - ending: - decoding of parts). And when writing an essay, of course, we must adhere to this. The beauty of nature, a fairy tale, in crimson and gold, dressed forests - such a verbal image of autumn turned out to be the majority.

We will add a sound image to the verbal image.

Listen to two excerpts from "The Seasons" by Tchaikovsky(“June” and “October”). We determine which time of the year corresponds to which music. Why?

Physical education “Flower”

The flower was sleeping and suddenly woke up (sit down, gradually get up),
I didn't want to sleep anymore.
Flinched, looked back (turn right, left),
Soared up and flew (wave hands).

The text is in front of you. I ask you to find mistakes, i.e. arrange sentences sequentially (work with a dictionary - defining the meaning of the word “sequentially”).

And here I am in the forest. Winter. The forest stands as a dark wall. The sky above is blue - blue.

Somewhere in the depths of the forest, a woodpecker is knocking. The trees are covered with fluffy snow, it's good in the forest. Crossbills sit on the trees. Snow shimmers in the sun. (Work with text).

Recording key words. Remember, before you write, you need to study very well what you are going to write, you need to take a closer look, think about it, ask yourself, choose what single word as the writer would write. And, having written, we must feel nature with all the senses (hearing, touch, sight).

Exercise: write in a notebook words, phrases, sentences about nature outside the window that reflect your inner state, your perception, your feelings of this season. (3-4 minutes). Reading several works at the request of children.

Now read all the words you wrote during the lesson. . These are your reference words that you can use in your essay. Naturally, you should title your essay. Use verse lines. This will be your homework.

Write an essay describing common theme. This is a broad topic. Formulate possible narrow themes for sketching.

We remember: what is a sketch (it is a picture drawn with words).

For strong students (or everyone who wants to, those who understand how to cope with the work) I suggest writing an essay-sketch, the rest - an essay-description, an essay-narrative with the inclusion of a description. In the next lesson, when analyzing essays, we will have excellent material for determining the type of speech and the genre of written work. I wish you success. Summing up the lesson. Grading.

June-Khleborost. Nature woke up by the beginning of summer and now its active growth is coming, therefore the month is called - Khleborost. The rye is earing, the gardens are filled with vigorously blooming greenery. The sun rises high above the sky and begins to bake even stronger, the day becomes long, and the evening is long and warm.

June: warmth envelops the earth

Description of the nature of summer in its very beginning in June(I - II week).
Summer has come. June. Nature blooms and ripens in summer, the gardens are full of greenery, the meadows are covered with a wide train of green grass. Heavy cumulus clouds soar slowly in the sky, like huge ships. And although the month of May at the end spoiled with warm and hot summer days, the first June days often cool, sometimes rainy. You should not be upset, because the protracted cloudy weather at the beginning of the month is not for long. A dry anticyclone will bring warm winds, and the high sun in the sky will provide warm and hot weather. In June, the air temperature is moderate without sharp jumps and averages +15 +17 ° C.

Summer needs time to heat up. There are still long hot, sultry and simply warm pleasant days ahead, when the sun wakes up early and sets very slowly, giving plenty of work up before plunging into twilight. And here the sun begins to bake, hot days come. The greenery is in full bloom, endowing with edible herbs. The sky is blue and clear, from time to time fluffy clouds float across it. Warm air exudes the aroma of flowering.

And, suddenly, unexpectedly, hot summer sun replaced by the rising clouds. The sky is rapidly darkening. After all, there had just been the sun, and now it was swallowed up by formidable darkness, advancing in front, covering all living things in darkness. Nature is on the alert, the birds calm down, only strong gusts of wind grow stronger each time, ready to pluck the branches from the tops of the trees on their way.

Thunder strikes with the first volleys, and then, with water like from a bucket, it charges a downpour. The sky is not visible, only the reflections of lightning with a crackle alternate with peals of thunder. The storm subsides as suddenly as it began. The sky is brightening, lightning flashes are becoming less frequent, thunder is receding. The first rays of the sun peep through, brightly reflected in the puddles. And again the life of the summer forest comes to life, the birds chirp happily, the animals come out of their hiding places. Meanwhile, in the forest, in the most hidden dark places, the first mushrooms appear.

Beginning of summer in the folk calendar

"The swallow begins the morning, and the nightingale ends the evening"

At the very onset of summer, from ancient times in Rus', a unique rite "the cuckoo's baptism" was performed. After the complete departure of winter, cold winds and bad weather, it was necessary to appease the summer nature for new plant forces, good weather and a noble harvest. IN ancient Rus' the description of summer from the first days was like this. Early in the morning on the first Sunday of summer, Russian girls went into the forest to find orchid grass - they called it cuckoo's tears, and then, plucked it, carried it to the hut to sew outfits, each for its own cuckoo. Then the cuckoos cummed, meeting each other, people hugging and kissing. After all, becoming related to each other, becoming closer, together they brought the generosity of summer closer to themselves.

Bread sprouts in June, not for nothing that the month of June was called "grain-growing". Throughout the first ten days of the month, active sowing took place in the fields, starting from the days of Falaley-Borage and Olena, June 2 and 3, from the names of which it is clear that cucumbers, flax, belated wheat, as well as barley and buckwheat were planted these days. On June 7, aphids appeared, feeding on plant sap, releasing honeydew. By June 11, ears of bread were already rising on Fedosya-Chariot, by this time beans were planted. From the earliest dawn until late sunset, people worked in the field in order to be in time before the end of the sowing, which fell on the second half of June on the day of the equinox.

Summer in Russian poetry

Summer… One of the most amazing, beautiful and vibrant seasons. Summer nature is special, impressive. Everyone associates summer with something of their own: sounds, smells, sensations. These are juicy meadow grasses, the aroma of wild flowers, and even dusk, coolness. spruce forest. All the natural splendor of summer is reflected in the work of famous Russian poets. They dedicated beautiful time a huge number of romantic, exciting lines.

A real hymn to awakening nature is Sergei Yesenin's ode to a summer morning. Its summer is warm, washed with silvery dew, charming in its calmness. This delightful natural idyll shatters every day with the onset of the day into fragments of everyday worries, in order to be reborn again the next morning.

Golden stars dozed off,
The mirror of the backwater trembled,
Light shines on the river backwaters
And blushes the grid of the sky.

Sleepy birches smiled,
Tousled silk braids.
Rustling green earrings,
And silver dews are burning.

The wattle fence has an overgrown nettle
Dressed in bright mother-of-pearl
And, swaying, he whispers playfully:
"Good morning!"

Afanasy Fet in his work deeply describes nature in the summer, in particular, the lines of the poem "I came to you with greetings ..." evoke an association with the maturity of feelings, relationships. The allegory of the lines conveys the special sharpness of life and semantic fullness through romantic feelings, the lightness of being and the aura of carelessness.

I came to you with greetings
Say that the sun has risen
What is hot light
The sheets fluttered;

Tell that the forest woke up
All woke up, each branch,
Startled by every bird
AND full of spring thirst;

Tell that with the same passion
Like yesterday, I came again
That the soul is still the same happiness
And ready to serve you;

Tell that from everywhere
Joy blows over me
I don't know what I will
Sing - but only the song matures.

Summer is different. Everyone sees it in their own way, sometimes experiencing mixed and conflicting, but invariably strong feelings.

June: the sun is turning

Description of the summer nature of June (III - IV week).
The lilac continues to bloom, the smell of fresh grass spreads through the districts. Summer nature fills the air with herbal incense. The poplar has already spread fluff in the seeds, just to wait for light gusts of wind that carry new life around. In the forest, in stalls and ponds, the smell of spices spreads, no longer floral, but sweet herbal.

The greens are ripening with might and main, and now the strawberries have hatched by the end of the month. And blueberries are already keeping up with her, just have time to collect. In the morning, the cry of swallows is heard, in the afternoon frogs croak in the reservoirs, and the evening ends with the lullaby of a nightingale. This time describes summer nature as the most fertile warm time of the year for working in the field, evening walks and nightly gatherings around the fire.

A white blizzard of poplar fluff rushes through the park alleys with a light wind, a kind of winter in fluffy warm snows. The clearings are covered with white heads of hordes of dandelions, as if hundreds of small astronauts have landed on the ground. Just about the wind, shaking the dandelions from side to side, will pluck the seeds in parachutes and carry them home. The squeak of chicks is heard, coming from the crowns of trees, parents barely have time to feed the voracious maturing chicks. The young growth grows quickly, you will not notice how it will already jump out of the nest, once or twice and flew.

The second half of the month in the folk calendar

"The sun from Petra-turn softens the course, the month goes to profit"

In June, a variety of plants, medicinal herbs bloom, Ivan da Marya rises, at every step plantains, buttercups, Ivan Chai is smoothed by warm winds. Forest edges crumble in juicy points of berries. In the forest, you can pick up a lot of ripe strawberries, and a little later, wild strawberries will turn red on the bushes higher.

June 25 is the day of the solstice. From now on, the sun turns in the direction of shorter days. Now, in the morning, cold dew covers the grass low above the ground. This natural water can be drunk because it is very pure, collected from the settled air vapors, summer dew does not contain salt deposits. At the end of June, on the 29th, Tikhon comes, and, indeed, the sun shortens its course, yes, and the birds subside. The sun slowly, with unhurried steps, hangs in the sky. Only in the shade of the shelter of deciduous trees is there salvation from the incandescent rays growing in strength. Summer turns into hot July.

Summer in Russian painting

Russian artists convey the picture of the summer landscape in a very colorful and varied way. Here you can see majestic green trees, and an eared field, and an unusual turquoise sky with light gentle white clouds.

(Painting by B. V. Shcherbakov "June in the Moscow Region")

The description of summer nature is unusually colorful in B. V. Shcherbakov's painting "June in the Moscow Region", which depicts the real greenery of the forest. From the front right corner into the depths of the picture, meandering along the laid channel, lies the smooth surface of the river. On both sides of it are mighty trees, it seems that these are pines mixed with hardwoods. To the right, almost by the river, a slender birch stands alone. In the foreground on the left are stacks of harvested hay. The upper part of the picture is occupied by a clear sky, on which only fluffy white clouds are visible.

Beautiful landscapes of nature fill the human soul with delight, only this beauty is truly mesmerizing.

Mini-essay on the topic nature

Option 1. Peculiar and indescribably beautiful nature in autumn. Despite the fact that rain and fog are quite frequent, there are also clear, quiet days for a walk in the nearest forest. Swear, love the golden robe of the forest, listen to the birds singing, look at the birds flying away. Thunder rumbled somewhere in the distance. Drop by drop it began to rain. Hiding under a tree, he looked around. How beautiful it is around I like it autumn nature . The air is so fresh! I really don't want to go home.

Option 2. Human and nature are closely related to each other. Nature creates all the conditions for human life, so it is so important to live in harmony with it. Beautiful landscapes of nature fill the human soul with delight, only this beauty is truly mesmerizing. Man's interest in nature is unlimited; how many secrets and mysteries are forests and seas. There's a lot we don't know yet about nature. To enjoy the beauty of nature, you do not need to travel far, just go to a park or forest. Nature is especially beautiful in autumn, when you want to sit on the benches and absorb all its beauty, enjoy it. It is then that you feel how your soul is filled with new colors, how it is saturated with the beauty of the surrounding world. At these moments, you realize how closely people are connected with nature.

Popov N.V. The joy of a teacher. Phenological observations // Donskoy Vremennik. Year 2011. pp. 60-65. URL: http://www..aspx?art_id=715

PHENOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS.

literary sketches

Description of nature by seasons

Description of spring - March

It was March 1969. When the fine spring days came, I impatiently walked along the still viscous road to the country grove.

The grove greeted me with the melodious murmur of a stream, rapidly rushing towards a ravine lost in the thick of bushes and trees. The muddy stream, crashing into the polluted blockages of snow, exposed its lower clean layers, and in this snow-white rim it began to look surprisingly elegant.

In the depths of the grove, an open meadow is full of joyful spring bustle. Wherever you look - everywhere on the melted snow in the rays bright sun silver streams gleam rhythmically. There are so many of them that it seems as if the earth itself moved towards them. The mirror-like surface of puddles generously scattered across the clearing shines festively. In some places, tiny islands of thawed black earth triumphantly rise above the melted snow.

And around the dark wall stands a silent forest. And in this gloomy frame, the cheerful glade sparkled even brighter.

See even more descriptions of March by tag#March

Description of spring - April

In the first half of April, dogwood is one of the first among the trees to bloom. All strewn with bouquets of golden yellow flowers, it burns like a night fire against the background of a dark, still bare garden. If at this time of spring from the window of a running train you see a bright yellow tree in a flashing garden, know that this is a dogwood blossom. Much more modest is the outfit of birch bark and elm that bloom a little later. Their thin branches with bunches of reddish anthers attract little attention of passers-by. And only hundreds of bees circling around the branches signal the height of flowering. The ash-leaved maple will soon bloom. Scattering branches and twigs far to the side, he densely hung on them a green fringe of long pre-long stamens with brown anthers. Unsightly and this outfit, but the bees and cling to him. And not every beauty of gardens attracts as many winged admirers as an old maple tree. You walk past a buzzing tree and rejoice - spring!

For more descriptions of April, see the tag#April

Description of spring - May

May has come. And the calm watercolor colors of April were replaced by juicy, screaming strokes of the height of spring. This is the hottest time of the year for a phenologist, especially in hot, dry springs, when trees, shrubs, grass seem to stray from the age-old rhythm of the spring carnival and begin to dress randomly and hastily in expensive holiday clothes.

Golden currants are still burning furiously on the boulevards, the incessant rumble of bees is still standing over the jubilant cherries, and the fragrant bird cherry buds are just beginning to open, as a white flame on impatient pears shoots high into the sky. The fire immediately spread to the neighboring apple trees and they instantly flared up with a pale pink glow.

A hot dry wind blowing up the fire of spring even more strongly, and it was as if a shower of flowers poured onto the ground. Horse chestnut, roughly pushing aside the beautiful lilac, arrogantly stepped forward with festive torches blazing brightly among the dark foliage. Stunned by unheard of impudence, the lilac managed to restore its shattered prestige only two days later, throwing thousands of luxurious white, cream, purple, purple bouquets to the envy of its neighbors.

For more descriptions of May, see the tag#May

Description of summer - June

At the beginning of June, the so-called “early summer” begins - the most intense, but also the most joyful, like a noisy holiday, time of the year, when concern for the growing offspring dominates all wildlife.

From morning to evening, the bird choir does not stop in the steppe, groves and gardens. Thousands of discordant singers take part in it, whistling, chirping, chirping, croaking, squealing and squeaking in every way. The air rings from loud and quiet, joyful and dreary, melodic and harsh sounds. Birds sing standing, sitting and flying, during rest and during the hottest time of their working day. bird world seized with such joyful excitement that the songs themselves break free.

There is a swallow from early morning until late evening tirelessly cuts through the air in pursuit of midges for insatiable children. Here, it would seem, there is no time for songs. And yet the swallow, storming the sky, chirps something cheerful and carefree.

Remember how black swifts squeal with delight on the fly. Yes, what to say! It is enough to listen at this time on the wall expanse to the sonorous trills of larks full of happiness in order to feel the enthusiastic thrill of the steppe, which engulfed it from edge to edge.

The bird choir is accompanied, as best they can, by field crickets, grasshoppers, bumblebees, bees, mosquitoes and mosquitoes, flies and flies and other countless insects chirping and buzzing.

And at night, from dawn to dusk, passionate serenades of nightingales rumble in the groves and, like an ugly echo, hundreds of frogs on the river respond to them. Having settled down in rows along the water's edge, they jealously try to shout down each other.

But this feast of nature would not have been a feast if plants had not taken the most ardent part in it. They made every effort to decorate the land as beautifully as possible. Thousands fled across the fields and meadows and turned into emerald carpets with intricate patterns from bright rims of all colors of the palette.

The air is filled with the aroma of wall herbs. White ships-clouds float high in the blue sky. The steppe feasts.

See even more descriptions of June by tag#June

Description of summer - July, August

The jubilant early summer quickly passes, and by the end of June the steppe begins to burn out. The most terrible months for herbs are coming - July, August. The sultry sun without fire and smoke almost completely incinerated the steppe vegetation. From the steppe breathed a lifeless semi-desert. Not a single encouraging green speck is visible.

But at the scorched steppe there are still preserved in some places the corners, full of unusual beauty. There, on the cliff, descending in steps to the river valley, some mysterious spots are turning white. But it's hard to guess what it is. Closer, closer, and a wonderful pale pink clearing opens up in front of you, completely overgrown with low bushes of yurei (head-headed). Widely stretched on the ledge of the slope, it smoothly falls to the valley. The incessant buzz of bees stands over thousands of pale pink bushes.

The glade is not large, but it stands out so strikingly and beautifully against the background of faded herbs that it absorbs all your attention and therefore seems huge and especially beautiful. The impression is that you are standing in the middle of a luxurious mountain meadow.

For more summer descriptions, see the tag#Summer

Description of autumn - October

October came, and with it Golden autumn, that autumn that asks for the artist’s canvas, Levitan’s - affectionate, thoughtfully sad, indescribably beautiful.

Autumn does not like the flashy colors of a stormy spring, the blinding daring sun, the furiously roaring thunderstorm. Autumn is all in subtle colors - soft, gentle, charming. She listens with quiet sadness to the rustle of falling leaves, the silence of the forest going to rest, the farewell cries of cranes in the high sky.

Shrubs give a lot of color to autumn landscapes. Different in appearance, autumn color and brightness, they fill the undergrowth and forest edges in a motley crowd. The gentle blush of currants and scarlet lashes of wild grapes, orange-red hawthorn and crimson svidina, flaming skumpia and blood-red barberry, skillfully woven into the compositions of autumn paintings, enrich them with a unique play of colors on their leaves.

On the edge of the forest stands a slender ash tree in a beautiful cloak of countless elusive golden-greenish halftones, radiating streams of calm light. Gilded openwork leaves are sharply minted on the dark bark of the trunk and branches, then, hanging in the still air, they seem translucent, somehow fiery and fabulous.

The high svidina, all engulfed by the autumn fire, having moved close to the ash tree, created an incomparable play of colors - gold and crimson. On the other side handsome forest the short cotoneaster has skillfully decorated its leaves with pink, red and orange tones and halftones and scattered them in intricate patterns on thin branches.

This forest picture in kind is so good that, admiring it, you feel in your soul a feeling of wonderful music. Only on these unforgettable days of the year can one observe in nature such an extraordinary richness and harmony of colors, such a rich tonality, such subtle beauty penetrating all of nature, that not visiting a forest or a grove at this time means losing something very valuable and dear.

For more descriptions of autumn, see the tag#Autumn

Beautiful, fabulous description of nature in winter

Not a single season can compare in beauty and splendor with snow-white elegant winter: neither bright, cheerful, jubilant spring, nor summer, unhurried and dusty, nor enchanting autumn in farewell attire.

Snow fell, and such a fabulously wonderful world suddenly appeared outside the window, so much captivating beauty, poetry opened up in the street boulevards, squares and parks that you looked closely at, that it was impossible to sit in the room. I was irresistibly drawn to perceive with my own eyes the immense milky-white dome of the sky, and the myriads of playful snowflakes falling from the heights, and the newly revived trees and shrubs, and all the transformed nature.

Winter has no other brush than white. But look at the inimitable skill with which she wields this brush. Winter does not just sweep away the autumn slush or the ugly traces of a broken thaw. No, she, masterfully using the play of light and shade, creates picturesque corners of the winter landscape everywhere, gives everything an unusual, artistic look.

In winter, elegant attire, one cannot recognize either a decrepit gnarled apricot, or a rickety dilapidated fence, or an ugly heap of garbage. In the place of a faceless lilac bush, such a wonderful creation of the mistress of winter suddenly appeared that you involuntarily slow down your steps in admiration for it. And really, you can’t immediately tell when the lilac is more charming - in May or now, in winter. Even yesterday, the boulevards, drearily wet in the rain, today, at the whim of winter, have become a festive decoration.

But the sorceress of winter, in addition to magical snowflakes, has one more invincible weapon in store for conquering human hearts - precious pearls of hoarfrost.

Billions of needles of hoarfrost turned modest squares into fabulous radiant halls that suddenly appeared at the crossroads of streets. In the hitherto gloomy blackened bare forests, the trees, throwing on fragile pearl clothes, stand like brides in wedding dresses. The restless wind, having flown on them, froze with delight on the spot.

Nothing moves in the air. Silence and silence. The Kingdom of the Fairytale Snow Maiden.

The days of February are running. And now it's March again. And again, seasonal pictures of nature that we have seen dozens of times before pass before our eyes. Boring? But nature does not stamp its creations according to the eternal pattern. One spring is never a copy of another, just like the rest of the year. This is the beauty of nature and the secret of its enchanting power.

The charm of pictures of nature is similar to the charm of immortal works of art: no matter how much we admire them, no matter how much we revel in their melodies, they do not lose their inspiring power.

The beauty of nature develops in us a noble sense of beauty, awakens creative imagination, without which a person is a soulless machine.

For more descriptions of winter, see the tag#Winter

Nature Conservation and School Local History

It remains to say a little about the protection of nature. Faithful guardian of nature - disinterested love for her. Schoolchildren's care of the school garden, floriculture, experimental work at school sites, at young naturalist stations - all this is not enough to instill in schoolchildren a loving, caring attitude towards nature, their native steppe, and the forest. In all such pursuits, there is a certain mercenary beginning. A schoolboy takes care of “his” tree with love and immediately breaks “someone else's”. The schoolgirl admires the richness of forms and colors in the gladioli and peonies she breeds and does not notice the wonderful clearings in nature.

In the fight for the preservation of native nature school local history may be one of the effective measures. The teacher, who has become close to nature, has an unselfish, careful attitude to her, unfeigned, without a shadow of any sentimentality, a manifestation of joyful emotions caused by the colors of many-sided nature, native landscapes, will involuntarily slip and be transmitted to schoolchildren on excursions, hikes and other similar cases. This will strengthen the ranks of faithful defenders of nature.

Finishing my story, I will note that I am not yet a decrepit, dissatisfied grumbler with everything. To the best of my ability, I continue to conduct phenological observations, I do not interrupt my scientific connection with the Phenocenter (Leningrad), I try to follow methodical literature, I give feedback on the work sent occasionally, I write. In a word, I have not yet climbed onto a warm stove.

school phenology

I also invested a lot of time and effort in school phenology. Phenological observations provide less food for the creative search of the teacher than innovative work with visual aids, but they can also bring a lot of life-giving element into the work of the teacher.

In 1918, in connection with the collection of a herbarium, I began to conduct fragmentary phenological observations on plants and some animals. Having obtained some literature on phenology, I ordered my observations and continued them with some success.

In the spring of 1922, students of grades 5-6 of the railway school were involved in phenological observations by me. I made simple devices - a tenemeter and a goniometer, with the help of which the schoolchildren observed the apparent movement of the sun. A year later, our first wall charts appeared with a colorful image of the observed phenolic objects, the spring course of the sun and temperature. None guidelines there was no school phenology in the literature of that time and, of course, my undertaking had blunders and failures. And yet it was an interesting, exciting job. Phenological observations often posed before me questions, for the solution of which it was necessary to look sharply and thoughtfully at the phenomena of nature, to rummage through books, and then little secrets of nature were revealed.

Nothing escaped the keen eyes of the schoolchildren. in early spring, not in the winter. So, on December 12, they noticed frogs swimming under the ice, and on December 28, a toad jumping in the yard. This was interesting news not only for schoolchildren, but, frankly, for me as well. And so our first wall table appeared in the classroom with the April pheno-observations. What only was not shown on it! Under the graph of the course of the sun and the weather, drawn by me, in the order of the onset of phenomena, the following were depicted: the beginning of a molt in a cow, a horse, a dog, a cat, the passage of birds, the arrival of swallows, the appearance of lizards, frogs, butterflies, the flowering of grasses and trees, and others. The drawings were made by students and pasted on old, scribbled paper, which we had found with difficulty in the office. railway station. The table was far from shining in appearance, but in terms of content it was interesting and useful in terms of teaching. We were proud of her.

Soon, having established contact with the research institute of the Central Bureau of Local Lore (TsBK), I began to send him summaries of my phenomenal observations. The awareness that your observations are used in research work The CBC and you thereby participate in them stimulated these classes.

The CBC, for its part, supported my undertakings at school, supplying current literature on phenology.

When the first All-Russian Conference of Phenologists was convened in Moscow in 1937, the TsBK invited me. The meeting was very small, and I was the only representative of the schools.

Starting with ingenuous observations of the course of seasonal natural phenomena, I began to gradually turn from a simple observer into an inquisitive local historian-phenologist. At one time, while working at the Novocherkassk Museum, I sent out phenological questionnaires on behalf of the museum throughout the Azov-Chernomorsky Territory, repeatedly spoke at regional and city conferences of teachers with reports on the formulation and significance of school phenological observations published in regional and local newspapers. My reports on phenology at the All-Union Geographical Congress in Moscow (1955) and at the All-Union Congress of Phenologists in Leningrad (1957) received a positive response in the central press.

From my many years of practice in school phenology, I well remember the spring of 1952, which I met in the distant village of Meshkovskaya, lost in the Upper Don steppes. In this village, I lived with my sick wife, who needed the healing steppe air, for about a year. Having got a job as a teacher at the age of ten, in order to organize phenological observations, I began to explore local opportunities for these classes. According to schoolchildren and local residents, in the vicinity of the village, in some places, the remains of virgin steppes still untouched by the plow have been preserved, and the beams are overgrown with shrubs, trees and herbs.

The local steppes species composition plants differed from the steppes of the Lower Don known to me. For a phenologist, all this was extremely tempting, and I looked forward to the arrival of spring.

As always, schoolchildren of grades 6-10 were involved in phenological observations, living both in the village itself and in the surrounding farms, that is, 5-10 kilometers from it, which significantly expanded the area of ​​our phenological observations.

In early spring, the school hung in a conspicuous place a large wall chart depicting the still bare “phenological tree”, on which seasonal phenomena were noted during the course of spring. A small board with three shelves was placed next to the table, on which there were bottles of water to display living plants.

And now on the table appeared images of the first heralds of spring: starlings, wild ducks, geese, and a few days later, to my amazement, bustards (?!). In the steppes of the Lower Don, there was no trace of this giant bird a long time ago. So our table gradually turned into a colorful “phenological tree”, and live flowering plants with labels filled all the shelves. The table and the plants on display attracted everyone's attention. During the spring in front of students and teachers about 130 species of plants. A small reference herbarium was compiled from them.

But this is only one side of the matter, so to speak, service. The other consisted in the personal experiences of the teacher-phenologist. It is impossible to forget the aesthetic pleasure that I experienced at the sight of the lovely woods, in a great number of doves under the still sleeping trees in the ravine forest. I was alone, and nothing prevented me from perceiving the subtle beauty of nature. I had many such joyful encounters.

I described my experience at the Meshkovskaya school in the journal Natural History at School (1956, No. 2). In the same year, the drawing of my Meshkovsky "phenological tree" was placed in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (V. 44. P. 602).

Phenology

(Pensioner)

After I retired, I devoted myself entirely to phenology. Based on his long-term (1934-1950) observations, he compiled a calendar of nature for Novocherkassk (The calendar of nature presents a list of seasonal natural phenomena arranged in chronological order indicating the average long-term dates of their onset at this point. N. P.) and its environs.

I subjected my phenomaterials to mathematical processing in order to find out their practical suitability in the local economy. I tried to find signaling devices among flowering plants best timing carrying out various agricultural activities. It was research and painstaking work. Armed with Pomorsky's "Variational Statistics" manual, I sat down to tedious calculations. Since the results of the analyzes turned out to be encouraging in general, I tried not only to find agricultural signaling devices among flowering plants, but also to predict the time of their flowering, which significantly increased the practical significance of the proposed method. Hundreds of analyzes I have done have confirmed the correctness of the theoretical conclusions. It remains to put the theory into practice. But this was the work of the collective farm agronomists.

Throughout my long work on the issues of agricultural phenolic alarms, I kept a business relationship with the phenosector Geographic Society(Leningrad). On this topic, I have repeatedly made presentations at meetings of pest control specialists. Agriculture in Rostov, at the All-Union Congress of Phenologists in Leningrad (1957). My article "Phenosignaling devices in plant protection" was published in the journal Plant Protection (Moscow, 1960). Rostizdat in 1961 published my small work "Signals of Nature".

As an ardent popularizer of phenological observations among the general population, for my many years of activity in this field, especially after retirement, I made many reports, messages, lectures, conversations, for which fresh hands made at least a hundred wall tables and as many more small ones.

This ebullient period of my phenological activity always evokes gratifying memories in my soul.

Over the long years of communication with nature, and especially over the past 15-20 years, when from the end of March to the end of October I was almost daily in the steppe or grove, I became so accustomed to nature that I felt among plants, as among close ones. friends.

You used to walk along the blooming June steppe and joyfully greet old friends in your soul. You will bend over to the indigenous inhabitant of the former steppe freedom - field strawberries and “ask with your eyes” how she lives this summer. You stand in the same silent conversation near the mighty handsome iron ore and walk to other green acquaintances. It was always unusually joyful to meet after a long winter with spring primroses - golden goose onions, delicate bouquets of tiny (1-2 cm high!) Semolina and other pets of early spring.

By that time, I was already over seventy, and as before, like a three-year-old boy, I admired every steppe flower. It was not senile lisping, not cloying sentimentality, but some kind of inspiring merging with nature. Something similar, only incomparably deeper and finer, is probably experienced by great artists of the word and brush, such as Turgenev, Paustovsky. The elderly Saryan said not so long ago: “I never cease to be amazed by nature. And this delight before the sun and spring, before the blossoming apricot and the majesty of giant mountains, I try to depict on canvas ”(Izvestia. 1966. May 27).

Years passed. In 1963, I turned 80 years old. Old people's diseases began to set in. In the warm season, I was no longer able to go, as in previous years, 8-12 kilometers into the steppe or sit without getting up at a desk for ten hours. But I was still irresistibly attracted to nature. And I had to be content with close walks out of town.

The steppe beckons to itself with its endless expanses, mysteriously blue distances with ancient mounds on the horizon, an immense dome of the sky, songs of jubilant larks ringing in the heights, lively multi-colored carpets underfoot. All this evokes high aesthetic experiences in the soul, enhances the work of fantasy. True, now that the virgin lands are almost completely plowed up, the steppe emotions have somewhat weakened, but the Don expanses and distances have remained just as immense and enticing. So that nothing distracts me from my observations, I always wander through the steppe alone, and not along rolled lifeless roads, but along paths overgrown with impassable thickets of grasses and shrubs, steppe slopes untouched by a plow, rocky cliffs, deserted gullies, that is, in places where steppe plants and animals hide from people.

Over the long years of studying phenology, I have developed the habit and skills to look closely at the beauty of the surrounding nature, whether it is a wide open landscape or a modest violet lurking under a bush. This habit also affects the conditions of the city. I cannot pass by the mirrored puddles scattered on the panels by a swooping summer cloud, so as not to look for a moment into the bottomless wonderful blue of the overturned sky. In April, I cannot help admiring in passing the golden caps of dandelions that flared up under the doorway that sheltered them.

When my failing health did not allow me to roam the steppe to my heart's content, I moved closer to my desk.

Beginning in 1934, brief summaries of my phenological observations were published in the Novocherkassk newspaper Znamya Kommuny. In the early years, these were dry information messages. Then I began to give them a descriptive character, and from the end of the fifties - a narrative one with some pretense of artistry.

It used to be a joy to wander the steppe in search of plants unknown to you, to create new devices and tables, to work on the burning issues of pheno-signaling. This developed creative thought and ennobled life. And now my creative fantasy, which had been hushed up due to old age, again found its use in literary work.

And the joyful torments of creativity began. In order to sketch a sketch of the life of nature for a newspaper or magazine, I often sat for hours at my desk. Notes were regularly published in the Novocherkassk and Rostov newspapers. The realization that my notes open the eyes of the townsfolk to the beauty in the familiar surrounding nature and thereby call them to its protection, gave significance to these studies. Based on their materials, I wrote two small books: Notes of a Phenologist (1958) and Steppe Etudes (1966), published by Rostizdat.

Description of nature

Karnaukhova Larisa Veniaminovna,
teacher of Russian language and literature
GBOU secondary school №583
Primorsky district of St. Petersburg

Lesson Objectives:

Training: get acquainted with the features of texts describing nature: composition, style of speech, language means;

Prepare for writing an essay, using the works of masters of the word (Russian poets and writers) as a sample.

Developing: to develop the mental and speech activity of students, the ability to analyze, compare, develop communication skills, creative abilities.

Educational: to cultivate a careful and responsible attitude to the word; sense of beauty; improve ethical interpersonal communication skills.

Based on the wording of the topic, form the objectives of the lesson.

Use key words:

1. Get to know ....

2. Study....

Problem tasks of the lesson:

How to write an essay-description of winter nature (how to create a description text, what means (linguistic) to use, what parts will it consist of, in what style will it be written?)

Today at the lesson we will work in groups. Leaders organize the activities of the groups. A good beginning is an assistant to the cause.

Group work

1. Get acquainted with the features of the description of nature;

2. Prepare for writing an essay - a description of winter nature.

Checking the group assignment completed in the previous lesson. Each group worked with the text describing the nature of the exercises.

What is a landscape? Remind me. (Landscape is a description of nature.)

And with the help of what (besides words) can a landscape be created? (With the help of colors - painting, sounds - music)

Take a look at the reproduction of I Grabar's painting "February Blue". The artist used transparent, cold tones. The whole picture is permeated with a feeling of freshness, purity.

I. Grabar: “All nature celebrated some kind of holiday - the holiday of the azure sky, pearl birches, coral branches and sapphire shadows on lilac snow.”

What unites different types art?

(The love of writers, poets and artists for their native nature, admiring its charms).

Well, we must describe the winter nature in words and choose them correctly.

Let us recall the words of K. Paustovsky:

“If the writer, while working, does not see behind the words what he is writing about, then the reader will not see anything behind him either. But if the writer sees well what he writes about, then the simplest and sometimes erased words acquire novelty, evoke in him those thoughts, feelings, state that the writer wanted to convey to him.

1 group worked with the concept of text. (textbook Russian language grade 6, Baranova N.T., Ladyzhenskaya T.A., Trostentsova L.A. and others. exercise 277)

(Text by Ivan Bunin)

This statement is a text, since a text is a combination of sentences related in meaning and with the help of linguistic means.

That is, all the signs of the text are saved here:

1. Offers are mutually related;

2. There is semantic completeness;

3. There is intonation completeness;

4. Divided into parts.

The second part is bright, joyful colors.

In the third part - a description of the forest and its colors in the morning. (The deep shadow of the clearing, the blue shadow of the sledge track, the green crowns of the pines, the golden sunlight).

We called the text of Ivan Bunin - "Bright colors winter forest».

The essay should have a title that reflects the topic.

2 group worked with the concept of types of speech.

1. Narration - the image of successive actions. It consists of the beginning, the development of the action, the culmination (the highest moment of the action), the denouement. Questions that can be put to the narrative text: What happened? How did events develop?

Parts of speech: verbs predominate.

2. Description - the image of simultaneous signs of an object or phenomenon. Comprises:

1. General idea of ​​the subject;

2. Descriptions of details, parts;

Object of description: nature, man, animal, room.

Questions - what is the subject?

Parts of speech - adjectives predominate.

3. Reasoning is a type of speech that sets out the causes of phenomena or events, their interconnection. Comprises:

1. Thesis (a thought that needs to be proved);

2. Arguments (evidence), examples;

3. Conclusions.

Questions that can be asked for reasoning: why?

The speech type of this text is a description of a winter forest. The main idea is how bushes, stumps, branches look in a snowy forest. There are a lot of adjectives in the text (a pathetic bush, a tiny clearing, funny faces), comparisons (a bush that looks like a broom, brushwood looks like lace, fir branches like paws).

3 group worked with the concept of style of speech.

Conversational style; communication function, used in conversations, dialogues.

Features: ease, emotionality.

Colloquialisms, dialectisms are used.

scientific style; function-message, used in textbooks, scientific papers.

Features: accuracy, clarity.

Official business: function-message, used in documents, statements, regulations, laws.

Features: formality, accuracy.

journalistic; function-impact, used in newspaper or magazine articles, speeches.

Fiction style; function-emotionality;

It is used - in stories, novels, poems, poems.

Features: figurative and expressive means are used (epithets, metaphors, comparisons, personifications)

The text is a description of winter in a scientific style.

Winter is one of the four seasons.

The coldest time after autumn and before spring. (From the dictionaries: The Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language by Ozhegov and Shvedova and the Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language by V.I. Dahl)

The text is a conversational description of winter.

Went outside in the morning. Frost! Oh, and refrigeration! Oh! I'm running into the heat (Collusions, nouns with evaluative suffixes.)

In what style will you create your text?

So, we will learn how to create a text: a description of nature in an artistic style (that is, use various visual and expressive means).

Exercise.

Determine the season by its properties: long-awaited, magical, wonderful, dazzling, bewitching (winter).

With the help of what words will we highlight the qualities, signs of objects and phenomena? (epithets)

An epithet is an artistic, expressive definition.

Epithets convey sounds, meaning, color, mood, impression.

An epithet is an adjective in a figurative sense.

Exercise.

Let's see if each definition is an epithet. Each group works with two phrases, draws conclusions.

1. First group.

Stone building - stone face. (A building built of stone - a face that does not express any emotions (nothing), frozen).

Epithet: stone face, as in this case, in a figurative sense, the word stone is used in this expression. We think that the author uses this epithet to show something remarkable in a person's face, to create his image.

2.Second group

Golden ring- golden fire (A golden ring is a ring made of a precious stone-gold. The word is used in its literal sense. Golden fire is beautiful, brilliant, sparkling, similar to gold. The adjective is used figuratively.)

3.Third group

Deep Lake is a magical lake. (Deep lake - the adjective denotes the size in depth, has direct meaning, is a simple notation). ( magic lake- the epithet means: the lake is charming, captivating, the author uses it to create an image, here the author's attitude to the lake is conveyed: admiration, admiration, joyful mood).

Outcome

Thus, the epithet not only highlights the properties, features of the subject, but also creates an image, conveys the attitude of the author, that is, it is a figurative and expressive means (linguistic).

Exercise: Write out epithets from poems, prose text, show their role.

First group:

K. Balmont: "Snowflake": description of a snowflake using epithets:

Light fluffy,

snowflake white,

What a pure

How brave!

Dear stormy

Easy to carry

Not in the sky azure,

Asking for the ground.

Azure miraculous

She left

Myself into the unknown

The country has fallen.

In the rays of shining

Slides, skillful,

Among the melting flakes

Preserved white.

Under the blowing wind

Trembling, uplifting,

On him, cherishing,

Light swings.

his swing

She is comforted

With his blizzards

Spinning wildly.

But here it ends

The road is long

touches the earth,

Crystal star.

lies fluffy,

Snowflake is bold.

What pure, What white!

The epithets of K. Balmont give the description of a snowflake musicality, draw the image of a snowflake, convey the author's admiration, admiration, feelings - joy, surprise, charm.

Question: What mood do we get? (fabulous, light)

Second group

Nikolai Brown's poem:

Is it snow flying from the heights

To forests, fields and thickets,

Is he like dead chalk,

Only white, white, white?

All needle-like from the frost,

At dawn it is soft pink,

He is far away, in the shadows, in the valley

Blue and even blue!

Snow is described using epithets: needle snow, pale pink snow, blue snow, blue snow.

The first epithet denotes the similarity of snow with needles in shape, the epithets pale pink, blue, blue are color epithets that show the richness of colors winter snow, paint a picture of winter nature with words, make it possible to feel the colorfulness, multicolored nature of Russian nature.

There is a mood of surprise, solemn and beautiful.

Third group

Ivan Shmelev "Summer of the Lord"

“What a beauty! The first star, and then another ... There are more and more stars. And what stars! Mustachioed, alive, fighting, pricking the eye. There is frost in the air, through it the stars are larger, shining with different lights - blue, crystal, blue and green ...

Freezing! The snow is blue, strong, squeaks thinly. On the street - snowdrifts, mountains. And the air is blue, silvered with dust, smoky, starry.

Snow is blue and hard.

The air is smoky, starry.

The epithets are mostly color, convey the elegance of winter nature, create a sense of celebration.

Language means are distinguished by their expressive power in conveying thoughts and feelings, they convey excitement, colorfulness, emotionality - all this allows you to visualize the picture vividly and vividly.

Collective planning.

1. Winter has come.

2. Snow, trees, forest, sky, sun, air, patterns - a winter picture.

3. Winter mood (festive, cheerful, cheerful, cheerful, warm)

What main images will help you draw a verbal winter landscape?

Air - quiet, transparent, frosty, silvery.

Forest - silent, bewitched.

Winter - fabulous, magical, formidable, cruel, amazing, wonderful, magical, sorceress, sorceress.

Snow - shiny, New Year's, fabulous, fluffy, silvery.

Reflection.

We live close to nature, which soothes, pleases, exalts the soul.

Nature is a source of mysteries and secrets, but they are revealed only to a keen eye and a sensitive heart. Today you all were just like that, stay the same, and then you will discover all the riches of Russian nature that can be expressed with the help of words.

Questions:

1. What have we learned?

2. What is this knowledge useful for?

3. Have we reached the goal?

4. What difficulties have arisen?

Among the many feelings, select 1-2 (delight, joy, surprise)

Applications for the lesson.

Group rules.

1. Listen to your partner carefully.

2. Ask and clarify to be sure that you understood him correctly.

3. Highlight positive responses first.

4. When in difficulty, ask for help from a partner, helping yourself if you are asked.

5. Remember: together you will do much more than either individually.

The following educational technologies were used in the lesson:

Differentiated learning technologies that allowed the teacher to take into account individually - psychological features children by area of ​​interest, by level of achievement (mental development), by personality types (type of thinking, character, temperament).

This was facilitated by the separation of children for group work, differentiated tasks (according to the level of complexity) for each of the groups;

Collaboration technology that helped provide joint activities teachers and students on the basis of mutual understanding, democratization (work in groups to complete tasks on the text, speech styles);

The technology for the development of critical thinking, which enabled students not only to perceive information meaningfully, but also to analyze it, highlight the main and secondary, draw conclusions (comparative tasks for identifying epithets and definitions).

Research technology - search, identification of problems that ensured the mental activity of students, developed independence (for example, assignments to identify problems and objectives of the lesson);

Game technologies. An entertaining game was used in the lesson: find out the subject by the attribute - determine the time of the year by the adjective.