Analysis of Akhmatova’s poem “ Motherland»

The late Anna Andreevna Akhmatova leaves the genre of the “love diary,” a genre in which she knew no rivals and which she left, perhaps even with some apprehension and caution, and moves on to thinking about the role of history. Akhmatova wrote about A.S. Pushkin: “He does not close himself off from the world, but goes towards the world.” This was also her road - to peace, to a sense of community with it.

Thinking about the fate of the poet leads to thinking about the fate of Russia and the world.

At the beginning of Anna Andreevna Akhmatova’s poem “Native Land” there are two final lines of a poem composed by Akhmatova herself in the post-revolutionary years. And it starts like this:

I'm not with those who abandoned the earth

To be torn to pieces by enemies.

Akhmatova did not then want to join the ranks of emigrants, although many of her friends ended up abroad. The decision to stay in Soviet Russia there was neither a compromise with the Soviet people, nor agreement with the course she had chosen. The point is different. Akhmatova felt that only by sharing her fate with her own people could she survive as a person and as a poet. And this premonition turned out to be prophetic. In the thirties and sixties, her poetic voice acquired unexpected strength and power. Having absorbed all the pain of her time, her poems rose above it and became an expression of universal human suffering. The poem “Native Land” sums up the poet’s attitude towards his homeland. The name itself has a double meaning. “Earth” is both a country with the people inhabiting it and with its own history, and simply the soil on which people walk. Akhmatova, as it were, returns the lost unity to meaning. This allows her to introduce wonderful images into the poem: “dirt on galoshes”, “crunch on teeth” - which receive a metaphorical load. There is not the slightest bit of sentimentality in Anna Akhmatova’s attitude towards her native land. The first quatrain is built on the denial of those actions that are usually associated with the manifestation of patriotism:

We don’t wear treasured incense on our chests,

We don’t write sobbing poems about her...

These actions seem unworthy to her: they do not contain a sober, courageous view of Russia. Anna Akhmatova does not perceive her country as a “promised paradise” - there is too much in national history testifies to the tragic sides of Russian life. But there is no resentment here for the actions that the native land “brings to those living on it.” There is a proud submission to the lot that it presents to us. In this submission, however, there is no challenge. Moreover, there is no conscious choice in it.

And this is the weakness of Akhmatova’s patriotism. Love for Russia is not for her the result of a completed spiritual path, as it was with Lermontov or Blok; this love was given to her from the very beginning. Her patriotic feeling is absorbed with mother's milk and therefore cannot be subjected to any rationalistic adjustments.

The connection with our native land is felt not even on a spiritual, but on a physical level: the earth is an integral part of our personality, because we are all destined to physically merge with it - after death:

But we lie down in it and become it,

That's why we call it so freely - ours

The poem is divided into three sections, which is emphasized and graphic.

The first eight lines are constructed as a chain of parallel negative constructions. The ends of the phrases coincide with the ends of the lines, which creates a measured “persistent” information, which is emphasized by the rhythm of iambic pentameter.

This is followed by a quatrain written in three-foot anapest. Changing meters throughout one poem is a rather rare phenomenon in poetry. In this case, this rhythmic interruption serves to contrast the flow of negations, a statement about how the collective is perceived lyrical hero motherland. This statement is of a rather reduced character, which is reinforced by the anaphoric repetition:

Yes, for us it’s dirt on our galoshes,

Yes, for us it’s a crunch in the teeth...

And finally, in the finale, the three-foot anapest is replaced by a four-foot one. This interruption of meter gives the last two lines a breadth of poetic breath, which find support in the infinite depth of the meaning contained in them.

The poetry of Anna Andreevna Akhmatova “was nourished - even in the initial poems - by a feeling of homeland, pain for the homeland, and this theme sounded louder and louder in her poetry... Whatever she wrote about in last years“, in her poems there was always a persistent thought about the historical destinies of the country with which she is connected with all the roots of her being.”

The poem is called “Native Land” - this is a very important word for everyone. In fairy tales, heroes always carried a handful of their native land with them. And she helped them - she gave them strength in battles. Even at the most dangerous moment she helped out!

Here the author Anna (Akhmatova) writes that they do not carry this earth on their chests. In my opinion, this is in vain, but this means that the heroes of the poem are serious, adult people who do not believe in fairy tales. Also, the heroes with her (Anna uses the word “we”) do not write poems about the Motherland “to the point of sobbing,” that is, poems that would make one want to cry. And they don’t even dream about their native land...

And their dreams are difficult. In reality, their land does not seem like paradise to them. (We at home also know that life in other countries is often more fun and simpler! But this doesn’t make us love our country any less.) And here Nice words that, on the other hand, they do not sell or buy their land. They probably wouldn’t exchange their grandparents’ house (even a very old one) for an apartment in a high-rise building in the very center of the city.

The heroes also get sick and, in general, live poorly on this earth. I feel sorry for them. But this, of course, is not the fault of the Motherland. They don't remember her specifically. For them, it is simply a natural part of life - the basis.

Anna further asserts (at the beginning of each line “yes”) that the Motherland for “us” is just dust and dirt, which you just swear at. But he immediately calls her dust. That is, this is what remains from the old days, from fires, from everything... And what remains from everything. Their ashes will be mixed with that old one, so they have the right to call this land theirs.

There are a lot of outdated words in the poem, the meaning of which I can only guess... There is also a beautiful and strange epigraph.

I liked the poem, although it could have been more optimistic. But I know that poetry, in general, is often sad. In sadness you can notice subtleties that slip away in joy. The verse is not very long, but capacious.

Option 2

The poem "Native Land" was written by Akhmatova when she was in one of the hospitals in Leningrad.

The work belongs to the civil-patriotic lyrics, filled with a feeling of compassion, sincerity, and mystery. The first years after the war were a rather difficult stage in the life of the poetess. Tragedies in the family, lack of freedom of speech and press, persecution and mass negative emotions. Imbued with the spirit of patriotism, the poem was created in secret from a wide public circle. Akhmatova’s native land continued to be so. Many poets and writers emigrated to that time hard times from the country, but Akhmatova, no matter what, continued to believe in the victory of truth and common sense.

“Native Land” - the poem is imbued with popular recognition. Pure love and reverence for one’s country are the feelings that permeate every line of the poem.

The work is not large in size and consists of only 14 lines, the first half is written in iambic meter, and the final part is written in anapest. The cross rhyme: “breasts are stirring, composing is paradise” gives a feeling of free composition.

It is important to note that the whole of Russia, which is famous for its fertile soil. It is precisely this kind of Russia (loose, dirty, but at least its own) that the Russian people observe before them day after day, for whom Akhmatova writes.

The main theme is the image of a country dear and dear to the heart. Her image appears not majestic, but quite everyday. The native land in the understanding of the Russian people is a place of hard work.

The poem leads the reader to philosophical reflection. At the end, the author expresses his personal position regarding the understanding of what the native land is. It becomes like this only for those who live on it and go into it. Immediately in the reader’s mind a parallel image of a mother arises, whom no one chooses or changes throughout her life. Akhmatova managed to prove by personal example all her devotion and loyalty to her native country, despite the difficulties and oppression from the authorities.

The work "Native Land" is not replete with artistic means expressiveness, because Akhmatova had a desire to present everything simply and freely. The method of comparison used in the sentence: “we do not make land in our souls an object of purchase and sale,” creates an emphasis on the fact that the Motherland is one in the soul of a patriot.

Analysis of the poem Native Land of Akhmatova

After the revolution in our country, a lot of poets decided to move from hungry Russia to a well-fed and moneyed Europe. It should be noted that such a poetess as Anna Akhmatova also had quite a few opportunities to change her place of residence, but, however, she did not decide to take advantage of any of them, sincerely believing that Russia is her homeland, and leaving her homeland means betraying it. That is why, when Anna received various similar offers from relatives and acquaintances, she experienced a strong feeling of annoyance, sincerely not understanding how people could so easily just up and leave everything, going for an easy life.

That is why, after she experienced terrible and difficult years In the life of our country in 1961, the poetess writes the poem “Native Land”. Anna considers the main goal of her work to be the opportunity to convey to more people the main idea: everyone has one homeland, and leaving your homeland means betraying yourself.

But despite this, in this work we're talking about not about the country, but about its fertile power, about its land. The earth that feeds and waters everyone, giving not only food, but also shelter, and much more.

However, it is worth noting that in past times the attitude towards the land was completely different, so the poetess considered it necessary to point out this fact too.

The fact is that by the time this poem was written, the tradition of bowing to the earth had become a thing of the past, and it was replaced by a new direction. Now the earth is treated as nothing more than natural resource.
But it is worth noting that Anna Akhmatova considered herself one of those people who still understood the importance of the earth for every person.

This is exactly what she wanted to express in her poem and she completely succeeded.

As for various epithets, the poem is fully filled with them. Each artistic element used allows us to make this poem so bright, colorful and memorable.

In conclusion, I would like to say that even in modern world, in the era of developed humanity, we should not forget about what benefits the earth gives us and how much a person receives from it, actually depending on it. Therefore, it is simply impossible to treat this natural resource in an obscene and disrespectful manner, considering it to be nothing more than just your opportunity to earn income. When making a profit from the land, do not forget to return it in replacement. Respect what our ancestors have preserved for us for centuries.

Analysis of the poem Native Land according to plan

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The theme of the homeland in the poetry of Anna Akhmatova occupies one of the most important places. In the poem “Native Land,” she views the homeland not as a country, but as a land that has nurtured and raised its children. We invite you to familiarize yourself brief analysis“Native Land” according to a plan that will be useful to 8th grade students in preparing for a literature lesson.

Brief Analysis

History of writing– The verse was written in 1961, and refers to the final period of the poetess’s work.

Theme of the poem- Love to motherland.

Composition- Compositionally, the poem is divided into two parts. In the first part, the lyrical heroine denies any external manifestation of love for her homeland, and in the second she shares her definition of the homeland.

Genre– Patriotic lyrics.

Poetic size– The first 8 lines are written in iambic, the next 6 lines are written in anapest, using cross and pair rhymes.

Metaphors – « dirt on galoshes”, “crunch on teeth”.

Epithets – “cherished”, “bitter”, “promised”.

Inversion– « We don’t do it in our souls.”

History of creation

The poem was written by Anna Andreevna in her declining years, in 1961, during her stay in the hospital. This was the final period in Akhmatova’s work - a time of reflection, memories and summing up. The work was included in the collection entitled “A Wreath for the Dead.”

After the October Revolution, Akhmatova had many chances to leave the country, where chaos and rebellion reigned. Many relatives and friends of the poetess lived in Europe, but every time she received an invitation, she flatly refused to leave the places dear to her heart. Anna Andreevna sincerely did not understand how one could live far from one’s homeland, among strangers. In 1917, at a turning point in the history of Russia, the poetess made her conscious choice - no matter what, to share the fate of her homeland.

However, such a decision cost Akhmatova a lot of tears. She had to endure the execution of her husband, the arrests of friends who were shot or rotted alive in the camps, and the arrest of her only son.

Akhmatova shared the fate of millions of fellow citizens during the Great Patriotic War. Anna Andreevna survived all the horrors of besieged Leningrad, hunger, and the threat of repression constantly hung over her.

In 1961, the poetess wrote her poem “Native Land,” which she dedicated to the land-nurse, a patient and forgiving mother, the value of which modern society has ceased to understand.

Subject

The central theme of the work is love for the homeland. However, the poetess presents this feeling without excessive pathos. Moreover, she rejects any manifestation of pathos in this matter, believing that putting feelings on display reeks of falsehood and feigned patriotism.

At the center of Akhmatova’s work is not the country as such, but the fertile nurse-land, which gives its children shelter, food and inexhaustible strength. This is what it's all about the main idea poems. The poetess is sad that the land began to be treated only as a natural resource, but not as the greatest value that a person has.

Akhmatova conveys to readers the idea of ​​her work - a person can only call his homeland if he lives in it, despite all the obstacles and difficulties of life. After all, a mother is never changed, even if she is far from ideal in some way: she is loved and accepted for who she is, with all her advantages and disadvantages.

Composition

The peculiarity of the compositional structure of the poem lies in its conditional division into two parts.

• In the first part the lyrical heroine expresses her sadness over the devaluation of the true concept of the homeland, that is, the land on which we live.
• In the second part she gives an exact definition of what her homeland means to her.

Anna Andreevna makes it clear that true love to the homeland deprived of bright external manifestations and does not have the goal of conquering the listener. This is a very intimate feeling that manifests itself differently for each person.

Genre

The poem “Native Land” is written in the genre of patriotic lyrics. The poetess herself defined the genre she used as “civil lyrics.”

When writing the poem, Akhmatova did not adhere to a strict external form. Thus, the first eight lines are written in iambic, and the remaining six are written in trimeter and tetrameter anapest. The feeling of freedom of the composition is enhanced by the alternation of two types of rhyme - paired and cross.

Means of expression

The peculiarity of the poem “Native Land” is that it does not abound in means of expressiveness. The poetess conveys its meaning simply and laconically, without the use of various artistic means.

But, nevertheless, in the work there are epithets(“cherished”, “bitter”, “promised”), metaphors(“dirt on galoshes”, “crunch on teeth”), inversion(“we do not do it in our souls”).

Anna Akhmatova
Motherland

And there are no more tearless people in the world,
More arrogant and simpler than us.
1922

We don’t carry them on our chests in our treasured amulet,
We don’t write poems about her sobbingly,
She doesn't wake up our bitter dreams,
Doesn't seem like the promised paradise.
We don’t do it in our souls
Subject of purchase and sale,
Sick, in poverty, speechless on her,
We don't even remember her.
Yes, for us it’s dirt on our galoshes,
Yes, for us it's a crunch in the teeth.
And we grind, and knead, and crumble
Those unmixed ashes.
But we lie down in it and become it,
That's why we call it so freely - ours.

1961 Leningrad

Read by I. Churikova

"Analysis of the poem" by A. Akhmatova "Native Land".

The late Anna Andreevna Akhmatova leaves the genre of the “love diary”, a genre in which she knew no rivals and which she left, perhaps even with some apprehension and caution, and goes on to think about the role and fate of the poet, about religion, about craft , fatherland. There is a keen sense of history.
Akhmatova wrote about A.S. Pushkin: “He does not close himself off from the world, but goes towards the world.” This was also her road - to peace, to a sense of community with it. Thinking about the fate of the poet leads to thinking about the fate of Russia and the world.
The epigraph of Anna Andreevna Akhmatova’s poem “Native Land” contains the final two lines of a poem composed by Akhmatova herself in the post-revolutionary years. And it begins like this: “I am not with those who threw the earth / To be torn apart by enemies.” A.A. Akhmatova did not then want to join the ranks of emigrants, although many of her friends ended up abroad. The decision to remain in Soviet Russia was neither a compromise with the Soviet people nor an agreement with the course she had chosen. The point is different. Akhmatova felt that only by sharing her fate with her own people could she survive as a person and as a poet. And this premonition turned out to be prophetic. In the thirties and sixties, her poetic voice acquired unexpected strength and power. Having absorbed all the pain of her time, her poems rose above it and became an expression of universal human suffering.
The poem “Native Land” sums up the poet’s attitude towards his homeland. The name itself has a double meaning. “Earth” is both a country with the people inhabiting it and with its own history, and simply the soil on which people walk. Akhmatova, as it were, returns the lost unity to meaning. This allows her to introduce wonderful images into the poem: “dirt on galoshes”, “crunch on teeth” - which receive a metaphorical load.
There is not the slightest bit of sentimentality in Anna Akhmatova’s attitude towards her native land. The first quatrain is built on the negation of those actions that are usually associated with the manifestation of patriotism: “We don’t carry it on our chests in treasured incense, / We don’t write poems about her sobbing…”. These actions seem unworthy to her: they do not contain a sober, courageous view of Russia. Anna Akhmatova does not perceive her country as a “promised paradise” - too much in Russian history testifies to the tragic sides of Russian life. But there is no resentment here for the actions that the native land “brings to those living on it.” There is a proud submission to the lot that it presents to us. In this submission, however, there is no challenge. Moreover, there is no conscious choice in it. And this is the weakness of Akhmatova’s patriotism. Love for Russia is not for her the result of a completed spiritual path, as it was with Lermontov or Blok; this love was given to her from the very beginning. Her patriotic feeling is absorbed with her mother's milk!
m and therefore cannot be subjected to any rationalistic adjustments. The connection with our native land is felt not even on a spiritual, but on a physical level: the earth is an integral part of our personality, because we are all destined to merge bodily with it - after death: “But we lie down in it and become it, / That’s why we call so freely - your own."
The poetry of Anna Andreevna Akhmatova “was nourished - even in the initial poems - by a feeling of homeland, pain for the homeland, and this theme sounded louder in her poetry... Whatever she wrote about in recent years, a persistent thought about the historical destinies of the country was always felt in her poems , with which she is connected with all the roots of her being.”
K. Chukovsky

“Native Land” Anna Akhmatova

And there are no more tearless people in the world,
More arrogant and simpler than us.

We don’t carry them on our chests in our treasured amulet,
We don’t write poems about her sobbingly,
She doesn't wake up our bitter dreams,
Doesn't seem like the promised paradise.
We don’t do it in our souls
Subject of purchase and sale,
Sick, in poverty, speechless on her,
We don't even remember her.
Yes, for us it’s dirt on our galoshes,
Yes, for us it's a crunch in the teeth.
And we grind, and knead, and crumble
Those unmixed ashes.
But we lie down in it and become it,
That's why we call it so freely - ours.

Analysis of Akhmatva’s poem “Native Land”

After the revolution, Anna Akhmatova had quite a few opportunities to leave rebellious Russia and move to a well-fed, prosperous Europe. However, every time the poetess received such a proposal from relatives or friends, she felt a sense of annoyance. She could not understand how it was possible to live in another country, where everything seemed alien and incomprehensible. Therefore, back in 1917, she made her choice, declaring that she intended to share the fate of her own homeland.

The first post-revolutionary years turned into a real nightmare for Akhmatova. Having survived the arrest and execution of his ex-spouse Nikolai Gumilev, as well as the loss of many friends who died in the camps, Akhmatova nevertheless refused to leave Russia. Here she survived the arrest of her own son, met her subsequent spouses and saw firsthand that an external enemy could unite the Russian people, turning even women, children and the elderly into courageous warriors.

Having survived the horrors of besieged Leningrad, hunger, mortal danger and even the threat of repression, in 1961 Anna Akhmatova wrote the poem “Native Land”, dedicated to the 20th anniversary of the start of the Great Patriotic War. It is not about the country as such, but about its eternal symbol - fertile black soil, which grain growers still revere as their breadwinner. However, in Soviet times the attitude towards the earth was somewhat different, which is why the poetess writes that “we don’t carry it in treasured amulet on our chests, we don’t write poems about it sobbing.”

Indeed, by the 60s of the last century, the tradition of worshiping one’s native land was a thing of the past. However, Akhmatova was convinced that ethnic memory was alive in the soul of every person, which had been accumulated over many generations. Yes, people who are accustomed to working in the fields simply do not pay attention to the land, which takes so much strength from them. “For us, this is dirt on galoshes,” the poetess is convinced. However, she is also well aware that not a single Russian person can imagine his life without this very “dirt.” If only because after graduation life path It is the earth that accepts the bodies of people, becoming a second home for them. “But we lie down in it and become it, that’s why we call it so freely – ours,” notes Akhmatova. And these simple lines contain the highest meaning, since there is no need to sing praises to our native land, it is enough just to remember that it is a part of the all-encompassing concept of “homeland”.