Phrases in French. Basic phrases and words in French for tourists

Any study foreign language helps in development, career and can significantly strengthen your social status. This is an excellent brain training that allows you to maintain a sound mind and memory at any age. French is considered a rich and analytical language, structuring thought and developing a critical mind, when negotiating and discussing basic phrases in French will serve you well.

Do they need to know

Knowing everyday phrases is necessary not only for tourists: French is an insanely beautiful, melodic and inspiring language. People who know history cannot remain indifferent to France and its heroes, in an effort to join its culture, many feel the desire to learn the language of its people. Hence the mass enthusiasm for this language of lovers and poets, which was spoken by Maupassant, Voltaire and, of course, Dumas.

French is in the top six official languages United Nations, it is spoken in 33 countries around the world (including Haiti and some African countries). Already for a long time knowledge of French is considered good tone, is the language of diplomats and just educated and cultured people. The main phrases in this language are heard at international symposiums and scientific congresses.

Where useful

If you wish to work in France, knowledge of the language will be essential. Many large French corporations also work in Russia, if you start a career in them, then knowing French phrases at the initial level will help an employee of Renault or Bonduelle, Peugeot, as well as the cosmetic leader of L Oréal.

Many decide to come to France for permanent residence, and knowledge of French in this case is necessary as air. Due to insufficient language proficiency, misunderstanding may arise, new acquaintances and expansion of the circle of communication are impossible, even conflict situations are possible. This interferes with the well-being of those who wish to arrange their lives in France. English in this country is at a low esteem, so knowledge of French is required, at least at a minimum level. The French are a very proud nation, and from everyone who comes here to live, they demand respect for the language and culture. Ignorance of everyday simple phrases can hurt the local people to the core.

Another passionate dream of many of our compatriots is to receive higher education in France. This country offers many options for studying, including budgetary basis. And again - where without language? As soon as there are difficulties with the translation in the exam, you may be denied admission to the university. Some French universities accept applicants without exams, only based on the results of an interview in French. That is why it is so important to know the language if you want to study in the country.

In French universities, as a rule, they enter a year before the start of the academic year, that is, the preparatory process can take quite a long time, there is an opportunity to learn French well, and the earlier you start your studies, the better you will show the result on the entrance tests.

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General

Transport

French is deservedly considered the most sensual language in the world - in its everyday life there are several hundred verbs denoting emotions and feelings of various kinds. The lyrical melody of the throat sound “r” and the exquisite precision of “le” give a special charm to the language.

Gallicisms

The French words used in Russian are called gallicisms, they have firmly entered the Russian-speaking conversation with a large number of words and derivatives from them, similar in meaning or, conversely, only in sound.

The pronunciation of French words differs from Slavic ones in the presence of throat and nasal sounds, for example, “an” and “on” are pronounced by passing the sound through the nasal cavity, and the sound “en” through the lower part of the front wall of the throat. Also, this language is characterized by an accent on the last syllable of the word and soft hissing sounds, as in the word "brochure" and "jelly". Another indicator of gallicism is the presence in the word of suffixes -azj, -ar, -izm (plume, massage, boudoir, monarchism). Already these subtleties make it clear how unique and diverse official language France.

Abundance of French words in Slavic languages

Few people realize that "metro", "baggage", "balance" and "politics" are primordially French words borrowed by other languages, beautiful "veil" and "nuance" too. According to some data, about two thousand gallicisms are used every day in the territory of the post-Soviet space. Clothing items (knickers, cuffs, vest, pleated, overalls), military themes (dugout, patrol, trench), trading (advance payment, credit, kiosk and mode) and, of course. the words accompanying beauty (manicure, cologne, boa, pince-nez) are all gallicisms.

Moreover, some words are consonant by ear, but have a distant or different meaning. For example:

• A frock coat is an item of men's wardrobe, and literally means "on top of everything."
• Buffet - for us it is a festive table, for the French it is just a fork.
• A dude is a dapper young man, and a dude in France is a dove.
• Solitaire - from the French "patience", in our country it is a card game.
• Meringue (a kind of fluffy cake) is a beautiful French word for a kiss.
• Vinaigrette (vegetable salad), vinaigrette is just French vinegar.
• Dessert - originally this word in France meant clearing the table, and much later - the last dish, after which they clean up.

Language of love

Tete-a-tete (one-on-one meeting), rendezvous (date), vis-a-vis (opposite) - these are also words from France. Amor (love) is a beautiful French word that has stirred the minds of lovers so many times. A stunning language of romance, tenderness and adoration, the melodic murmur of which will not leave any woman indifferent.

The classic “je tem” is used to denote strong, all-consuming love, and if “byan” is added to these words, then the meaning will already change: it will mean “I like you.”

Peak of popularity

French words in Russian first began to appear during the time of Peter the Great, and from the end of the eighteenth century they significantly moved native speech aside. French became the leading language of high society. All correspondence (especially love) was conducted exclusively in French, beautiful long tirades filled the banquet halls and negotiation rooms. At the court of Emperor Alexander III, it was considered shameful (bauvais ton - bad manners) not to know the language of the Franks, a person was immediately branded ignorant, so French teachers were in great demand.

The situation changed thanks to the novel in verse "Eugene Onegin", in which the author Alexander Sergeevich acted very subtly by writing a monologue letter from Tatyana to Onegin in Russian (although he thought in French, being Russian, as historians say.) By this he returned former glory of the native language.

Popular phrases in French now

Comme il faut in French means "as it should", that is, something made comme il faut - made according to all the rules and wishes.

• Se la vie! - a very famous phrase meaning "such is life."
• Je tem - singer Lara Fabian brought worldwide fame to these words in the song of the same name "Je t'aime!" - I love you.
• Cherchet la femme - also known to everyone as "look for a woman"
• A la ger, com ger - "in war, as in war." Words from the song that Boyarsky sang in the popular film of all time "The Three Musketeers".
• Bon mo is a sharp word.
• Fézon de parle - manner of speaking.
• Ki famm ve - que le ve - "what a woman wants, God wants it."
• Antre well sau di - it is said between us.

History of several words

The well-known word "marmalade" is a distorted "Marie est malade" - Marie is sick.

In the Middle Ages, Stuart suffered from seasickness during her trips and refused food. Her personal doctor prescribed slices of oranges with peel, thickly sprinkled with sugar, and the French chef prepared decoctions of quince to stimulate her appetite. If these two dishes were ordered in the kitchen, they immediately whispered between the courtiers: "Marie is sick!" (mari e malad).

Chantrap - the word for idlers, homeless children, also came from France. Children who did not have an ear for music and good vocal abilities were not taken to the church choir as singers (“chantra pas” - does not sing), so they wandered around the streets, smoking and having fun. They were asked: "Why are you idle?" Answer: "Shantrapa".

Podshofe - (chauffe - heating, heater) with the prefix under-, that is, heated, under the influence of heat, adopted for "warming". A beautiful French word, but the meaning is just the opposite.

By the way, everyone knows why it was called that? But this is a French name, and she also has a handbag from there - a reticule. Chapeau - translates as "hat", and "gag" is akin to a slap. The slap-folded hat is a folding top hat, which was worn by the mischievous old woman.

Silhouette is the surname of the controller of finance at the court of Louis XV, who was famous for his craving for luxury and various expenses. The treasury was empty too quickly and, in order to remedy the situation, the king appointed the young incorruptible Etienne Silhouette, who immediately banned all festivities, balls and feasts. Everything became gray and dull, and the fashion that arose at the same time for depicting the outline of a dark-colored object on a white background was in honor of the miserly minister.

Beautiful French words will diversify your speech

IN Lately word tattoos are no longer only English and Japanese (as fashion dictated), they are increasingly being caught in French, and some of them have an interesting meaning.

The French language is considered quite complex, with many nuances and details. To know it well, you need to painstakingly study for more than one year, but to use several winged and beautiful phrases it's not obligatory. Two or three words, inserted at the right time into a conversation, diversify your vocabulary and make your speech in French emotional and lively.

1. French pronunciation is quite difficult, in particular, due to the presence of nasal vowels. When they are pronounced, the air comes out partly through the nose and partly through the mouth. When a syllable ends in a single "n" or "m", they are not pronounced, but indicate that the preceding vowel is nasal. There are three in total; in Russian transcription of words and phrases, two letters are in bold, which means one nasal sound - an (yan, am), he (om) or en.

2. The standard French “r” sound is pronounced as follows: the back of the tongue arches towards the palate, preventing the passage of air flow, and the tip of the tongue lies flat against the lower front teeth.

3. To convey the French sound "eu", where it is important for understanding, two Russian letters "oe" are used, put together. To pronounce the sound correctly, just slightly round your lips (the tongue lies flat) and try to say “o” in this position, thinking about “ё”.

4. The stress in French falls on the last syllable.

5. The French are very proud of their language. Therefore, even if you are going to communicate in English, you should start any question or sentence with the standard phrase: "Excusez-moi, parlez-vous anglais?"

Fastest to master colloquial it is possible by teaching Russian to foreigners, as well as by translating Russian classical literature and Russian educational literature into a foreign language. To do this, you need to know the Russian language and Russian literature well.

Russia is a world leader in attractions and cultural sites. In the future, Russia should become the most popular country for foreign tourists. The historical value of cultural sites and the opportunity for tourists to relax in Russia are much higher than any other country.

It has been noticed that many people do not know the elementary rules of the Russian language, for example:

1. The number of quotes must always be even, like brackets in mathematics.

Adjacent quotation marks can be of two types - "..." and "..." (paws and Christmas trees).

Correct: "words "words" or "words" words ""

Incorrect: "words" and "words" words

These mistakes are even in the names of large firms and some articles and books.

2. If there is information in brackets at the end of the sentence, a period is placed after the brackets, not before the brackets and inside before the closing bracket.

That's right: words (words).

Wrong: words. (words.)

Best regards, Denis Shevchuk, www.deniskredit.ru

Yes. Wee. Oui.

No. Non. Non.

Please. Sil wu ple. S "il vous plait.

Thank you. Mercy. Mercy.

Thank you very much. Merci to the side. Mercy beaucoup.

Hello (Good afternoon). Bonjour. Bonjour.

Hello. Salyu. Salut.

Excuse me (to get attention). EXCUSE MUA. Excusez-moi.

Sorry. Sorry. Pardon.

Unfortunately, I don't speak French. Desole, same ne parl pa français. Desole, je ne parle pas francais.

Where is…? Have se true...? Ou se trouve…?

Where are...? Have se true...? Ou se trouvent…?

Help! O sekur! Au secours!

Call the police! Apple la polis! Appelez la police!

Call a doctor. Apple en medsen! Appelez un medecin!

I'm lost! Zhyo myo sui egare. Je me suis egare(e)

Stop the thief! Oh wolf! Au voleur!

Fire! Oh phe! Au Feu!

I have a (small) problem, but yon (petit) problems J "ai un (petit) probleme

Help me please ede moa sil wu ple Aidez-moi, s "il vous plait

What's wrong with you? Que vous arrive-t-il?

I feel bad Zhe (o) yon malese J "ai un malaise

I'm sick of the same mal e coeur J "ai mal au coeur

My head hurts / my stomach

I broke my leg Je me suis casse la jambe

Good afternoon. Bonjour. Bonjour.

Good evening. Bonsuar. Bonsoir.

Bye/Hi. Salyu. Salut.

Good night Bon Nui. Bonne nuit.

Goodbye. Oh Revoir. Au revoir.

See you later. And the bianto. A bientot.

Bye (in Belgium) A tantot A tantot

Good luck. Bon chance. Bonne Chance.

Have a good day. Bon journe. Bonne journey.

Have a nice weekend Bon week-end Bon week-end

See you tomorrow A demain A demain

Until the evening A ce soir A ce soir

Bon appetit Bon appetit Bon appetit

Your health (at the table) A votre sante A votre sante!

Be healthy (at parting) Portez-vous bien!

Bless you (when sneezing) A vo sue A vos souhaits!

This is Mr Durand. Se Monsieur Duran. C "est monsieur Durand.

This is Mrs. Durand. Se Madame Durand C "est Madame Durand.

This is Mademoiselle Durand. Se Mademoiselle Durand C "est mademoiselle Durand.

What is your name? Coman vuzaplez-vu Comment vous appellez-vous?

What is your name? Koman tapel tu Comment t "appelles-tu?

My name is Petya, Mr. Smirnov Je mapel Petya (Monsieur Smirnov) Je m "appelle Petia (Monsieur Smirnov)

Very nice Enchante Enchante(e)

How are you? Sa wa? Ca va?

Everything is fine. And you? Trebian. E woo? Tres bien. Et vous?

How are you doing? Coman ale-woo Comment allez-vous?

How are you doing? Koman wa tu Comment vas-tu?

So-so Comsi - Comme Comme ci, comme ca

How old are you? Quel age avez-vous?

How old are you? Quel age as-tu?

Where are you from? D "ou venez-vous? D" ou venez-vous?

I'm from Russia, and you? Je viens de Russie, et vous?

Say hello to your parents (Mr. Petrov) / (official var.) Dit bon jour a vos para (n) (Monsieur Petrov) / Me salutation a ... Dites bonjour a vos parents (monsieur Petrov) / Mes salutations a ...

Do you speak Russian? Parle wu ryus? Parlez vous russe?

Do you speak English? Parle wu angle? Parlez vous anglais?

You understand? Komprene wu? Comprenez vous?

I understand. Zhe compran. Je comprends.

I don't understand. Zhe ne compran pa. Je ne comprends pas.

Does anyone here speak English? Es-kyo kelken isi parl angle? Est-ce que quelqu "un ici parle anglais?

Can you speak slowly? Purye wu parle muen vit? Pourriez-vous parler moins vite?

Repeat, please. Repete, sil vu ple. Repetez, s "il vous plait.

Please write it. Ekrivé le, sil vu ple. Ecrivez-le, s "il vous plait.

Do you want to learn French or are you going to visit a French-speaking country? First, it doesn't hurt to learn how to thank a person in French. The easiest way to say Thank you- this word merci(merci), but in some cases one word is not enough. As in Russian, there are many phrases in French to express gratitude.

Steps

Simple Expressions

1. Say "merci". single word merci is the most common way to say "thank you" in French. It is used by all French speakers in the world, so they will always understand you.

   • Word merci suitable for both formal and informal settings, and the pronunciation does not change regardless of the person you need to thank.
   • If you have to agree to an offer, smile, say "merci" and nod slightly. When it is required to refuse, it is also enough to say "merci" and shake your head.

2. Add "madame" (madame) or "monsieur" (monsieur) for politeness. Turning to to a stranger, especially older in age or position, add the French equivalents of the words "madam" and "master" to gratitude.

   • Always use such words when addressing a person politely, similar to "ma'am" or "mister" in Russian. In case of doubt, it is better to play it safe with politeness. The person himself will correct you if such an official appeal turns out to be excessive.

3. Use adjectives to express special gratitude. At times a simple word merci hardly enough. Some additional words and phrases will help emphasize your special gratitude.

   • Most often they say merci beaucoup(mersi boku), which means "thank you very much", "thank you so much".
   • Also common is the expression merci mille fois or mille mercis, which translates as "a thousand thanks" or "many thanks."

4. Say "merci bien" in an appropriate tone. Word bien(bien) means "good" or "kind", and in combination with merci the phrase takes on the meaning of "thank you very much." At the same time, in French-speaking countries, such a phrase is often perceived as a mockery.

   • For example, the sentence "Merci bien, mais j'ai pas que ça à faire!" can be translated as "Thank you very much, but I have more important things to do!".
   • When in doubt, instead of "merci bien" it is better to say "merci beaucoup".

5. Add pour(pur) to express specific gratitude. In French, the word pour means "for" and is used before an action or item for which you need to express gratitude. If you also speak English, please note that this word is spelled similarly English verb"pour", but the pronunciation is more like "por".

   • For example, say "Merci pour les fleurs," which means "Thank you for the flowers."

6. Say "c'est vraiment gentil de votre/ton part" If a person has done you a favor or offered something, then tell him that he is extremely kind. This phrase literally means "it's very nice of you." Use votre when addressing someone who is older than you or who you don't know, or tone when referring to friends, peers, and people younger than you.

   • Such a phrase is used in the same cases as the Russians "very nice of you" or "you are so kind."
   • As in Russian, these phrases can be combined with the word merci. So, if on a hot day a person offered a glass cold water, then say "C" est vraiment gentil de ton part, merci!

   Verb "Remercier"

   1. Consider the context of the situation. Verb remercier means "to thank" in French, but when used in speech it sounds much more formal than in Russian. Usually such a verb should be used in formal, written communication.

      • IN oral speech such a verb would be appropriate in formal situations such as an interview or in an appeal to government authorities.

   2. Conjugate the verb correctly. In most cases, you will have to use the first person form singular if gratitude comes from you. If you need to thank not only on your own, then use the first person plural form.

      • Remercier- reflexive verb. Conjugate it according to the subject of the sentence, not the person to whom the thanks are intended. Use a polite reflexive pronoun vous when addressing elders in age or position.
      • The phrase "thank you / you" sounds like "je te remercie" (same te remercie) or "je vous remercie" (same woo remercie).
      • The phrase "thank you / you" sounds like "nous te remercions" (well, that's remercion) or "nous vous remercions" (well, woo remercion).

   3. State the reason for the thanks. As in the case with merci, you can use the preposition pour to indicate exactly the reason for your thanks. This wording is often used when expressing gratitude some time after the event.

      • For example, when meeting with a person who sent you flowers as a gift on last week, say "Je te remercie pour les fleurs", which means "Thank you for the flowers".

   4. Express gratitude with a verb remercier in letters. Often gratitude is expressed already at the end of the letter, for example, after a formal request addressed to the organization and official.

      • For example, a letter of application to an employer might end with "je vous remercie de votre attention", which translates to "thank you for your attention".

   5. Use remercier in noun form for formal correspondence. Similarly English language, French verb remercier can be turned into a noun. Needs to be discarded verb ending and add -ments.

      • Word remerciements commonly used in traditional and email messages to express gratitude. Ending s indicates plural. thanks. Most often, this word is used in plural. The plural article "les" must be used before the word.
      • For example, if you want to convey the gratitude of another person, then write "Tu as les remerciements de Pascal", which means "Pascal thanks you."
      • Word Remerciements also used to complete a letter. For example, you could say "avec tout mes remerciements", which translates to "with great gratitude".

      How to respond to gratitude

      1. Say "de rien" (de rien). Such a phrase is the easiest and most common way to respond to gratitude. These words literally translate as "out of nothing", but the literary version sounds like "no way".

         • In a word rien french is used R, one of the more difficult sounds to learn French. French R is a guttural sound that occurs in the throat, without the participation of the tip of the tongue.
         • You can also say "ce n" est rien "(se ne rien), which translates as" not at all.