Various types of shrimp are found in the Black Sea. Near the shore, in the thickets of algae, both small species and those reaching ten centimeters in length are found everywhere. They have excellent taste qualities, and local fishermen use them as bait.

The Black Sea is rich in animal world. Shrimp have always aroused special interest and sympathy among scientists and vacationers. They are considered to be a symbol of the sea.

They belong to the family of decapods, of which there are about 11 species from 5 families in this place.

Animal food is not the main source of nutrition. Shrimp also ingest plankton, soil and algae. They search for food using their senses of smell and touch. Sitting on rocks, they pick up food with their long front legs and small claws.

They have well developed legs and a tail fan.

Shrimp are the food of many marine predators, so they have to make sprinting movements with the help of their long legs. Sometimes this results in them literally jumping out of the water.

Females carry up to one and a half thousand eggs. From them larvae emerge, which become shrimp after several molts.

Types of shrimp

Near the shore you can find two types of these shrimp: large adpersus and small elegans. They have a bright body olive color, blue stripes on legs. They prefer places in thickets in shallow water.

Scientists note an increasing number of shrimp, and predict that in the future it will even be possible to organize private farms for their cultivation. This type of activity in the Black Sea may compete with the import of these animals. There will be no need to purchase tiger shrimps abroad.

At Cape Tarkhankut there are representatives up to 10 cm in length and weighing 10 g. In the local grotto, shrimp live in entire settlements. During the day they hide in stone crevices and at night they go out to fish, so for a long time no one knew about the existence of giant specimens.

In the waters of the Black Sea, shrimp have also been found that are initially red in color, and not just after cooking.

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Shrimp are small swimming decapod crustaceans classified in the infraorder Caridea, widely distributed throughout the world, in both freshwater and saltwater bodies. Size about 2-30 cm. Far Eastern seas There are more than 100 species of shrimp in Russia.
Spongikolya - special kind shrimp are distinguished by the fact that they live in pairs in glass sponges. They crawl in there as larvae and grow there, depriving themselves of the opportunity to get out. Food is obtained due to the fact that the sponge drives water through itself, which contains plankton. Spongikola got its name from the word “spongia” - “sponge”.
Some species of shrimp are hermaphrodites. Having transformed from larvae into adults, they are males. In two years adult life they turn into females.
Shrimp belong to the class of crustaceans. They are widespread in all seas and oceans. Shrimp come in different varieties appearance, by size, color, by way of life. They lead a local lifestyle without making significant migrations. Shrimps, common on the shelf of the western coast of Africa, most often live on muddy areas, near river mouths with bottom water temperatures ranging from 17-23°C and sea depths of 30-70m. During daylight hours, the shrimp buries itself in the silt, and with the onset of darkness it stays above the silt zone and hunts mainly on small crustaceans. Shrimp live 12-18 months, reaching a maximum length of up to 30 cm. Specimens measuring 6-14 cm usually prevail in catches.
Branches measuring 5-8 cm are caught in the North Pacific Ocean and the Barents Sea. In the Far East, shrimp is usually called shrimp or chilim. Off the coast of the Kuril Islands, Southern Sakhalin and Primorye, grass shrimp live in thickets of sea grasses, and small sandy shrimp live near river mouths. A large shrimp (up to 30 cm long) - the bear shrimp - is common in the Seas of Japan, Okhotsk and Bering Seas. Small northern or pink shrimp form large commercial aggregations in the Bering and Barents Seas and on Georges Bank (northwest Atlantic).
In the Black Sea there is a very small shrimp measuring 4-5 cm. The waters of Antarctica are home to a huge mass of euphausiids - shrimp-like crustaceans measuring 3-4 cm (the so-called “krill”). While they serve as food for baleen whales, seals and numerous birds, however, the promising value of these crustaceans is enormous as raw material for the production of feed meal and food concentrates. Depending on the species, shrimp are pink, brown or bluish-white in color, but turn orange in the kitchen pan. The body of the shrimp consists of a cephalothorax and neck, covered with a shell. The cephalothoracic part of the shrimp is crammed internal organs. This part of the body does not contain edible meat and is used to produce valuable feed meal for birds and livestock. A medium-sized shrimp (12-16 cm long) weighs 70-100 g. The weight of large shrimp (up to 30 cm long) reaches 300 g. The weight of the edible part is 20-30%.

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Benefit

Animal meat contains a lot of protein, which is easily digestible and contains many essential amino acids. The latter cannot be produced in the body; they come only with food. This product contains much more iodine than beef, so it is in demand in regions with iodine deficiency.

A rich set of mineral elements and vitamins affects almost all organs and systems, including skin, hair, and nails. This is an indispensable remedy for the prevention of heart and vascular diseases.

Habitats

Where do they catch shrimp? There are several habitats of these creatures:

1. There is a tiger species in Pacific Ocean. Closer to the equator, animals are larger and tastier. A wide variety of species are found in warm waters. There are fewer of them closer to the poles.
2. These animals are found in Kenya, Brazil, Ecuador, and Somalia. In these countries, the water usually has a temperature of +25 to +30 degrees, which is favorable for the development of these inhabitants. Their dimensions can be 30 cm. In South America, shrimp are farmed, resulting in a high-quality product.
3. A temperature drop to +15 degrees causes the death of marine life. Warm water works in a similar way - +35.
4. Small shrimp, 2.5-10 cm in size, live in the Barents, Baltic, and North Seas. Animals caught off the coast of Canada and Greenland are of great value.


5. There are many marine inhabitants in the Mediterranean, Black, and Azov Seas.
6. Freshwater animals are found in the Amur and cave reservoirs of Transcaucasia.
7. There are crustaceans in fresh waters Far East. The population is a relict because it has lost contact with the rest similar types due to geological changes in the land. They live at +15 degrees, but when the temperature drops to 10 degrees, the larvae die. Adults cannot tolerate drops to 0 degrees.

If animals live at temperatures that differ from optimal temperatures, they grow more slowly and also stop reproducing. In this climate they exist for up to 3 months. Shrimp are not very sensitive to salt water, since even those that live in fresh water, are of marine origin.

Industrial types

Although several thousand crustaceans live in nature, there is no commercial interest in all of them. In Russia, the most popular shrimp is the cold-water red beer shrimp. It is small in size and sweet in taste. It has subspecies - red comb and northern chilim. Gaming and king prawns.

The southern pink shrimp lives off the coast of Africa. Captain's is found in artificial reservoirs in China and Korea. In the Black and Mediterranean Seas there is sand shrimp, which is fished by Germany. Grassy Black Sea shrimp is caught. US restaurants serve spotted deep-sea creatures, as well as white and pink ones. There is a Chilean species, common on the coast of Chile.

Where and when to fish?

When can you catch shrimp? To get a rich catch, you need to go for shrimp at night or in the evening. Many people recommend going fishing early in the morning, but this should be before dawn. The location must be chosen according to the type of inlet or where there is an intense narrowing of the channel. The catch can be on the channel that connects the sea and the estuary.

The inhabitants crowd around the walls and supports of the pier, concrete structures, breakwaters, rocks, and the side of the ship. There are also a lot of them in algae thickets. A bright flashlight can serve as bait. During the dark period, they illuminate the water column. Lanterns with sealed housings are sold specifically for this purpose. These products are suitable for use underwater. The crustaceans quickly come running towards the light. How to catch shrimp? Several proven methods are used for this.

If you choose trawl fishing, you will need chicken giblets, fish, and meat. Fishermen have different opinions on this issue. Some believe that the bait should be somewhat dull, while others say that it is necessary to use fresh bait. Another subtlety is considered to be low tides. If you know about the time of their onset, you will be able to improve your fishing results. How to catch shrimp in Primorye? All proven methods are used for this. Let's look at them in detail.

Net

How to catch shrimp? By law, it is allowed to use a net with a diameter of up to 70 cm. You need to choose a device with a long and strong handle. While illuminating the lantern, it is held near walls, supports, structures, near seaweed and a ship.

In this way, the catch will not be large, but if the goods are not for sale, it will be enough. Along with the shrimp, silt, algae, and sand penetrate into the net. If you have a boat, you can fish from it. All the rules are the same, you just need to take a suitable net. How to catch shrimp in the Black Sea? Any of the methods indicated in the article is suitable.

Trawling

Another way to catch shrimp? A trawl is a device for catching not only crustacean inhabitants, but also fish. It is a metal circle or oval to which a fine-mesh mesh, similar to a bag, is connected. Its length can be 4 meters.

After immersion in the water, the trawl must be pulled along the bottom overgrown with algae. To do this, ropes are fixed to the metal frame. Often the trawl is tied to a boat. It is possible to install it in a place where shrimp live, but you need to place bait there in advance. Placing the device in the area of ​​narrow ducts helps. Then you just need to control the flow and turn it around in a timely manner.

Net

It is usually used for fishing from a boat. How to catch shrimp with a net? It is lowered to the bottom with sinkers and pulled out using a special rope. When choosing a fishing location, it should be taken into account that the depth should not be higher than the radius of the net.

There are other methods of catching crustaceans. For example, you need to tie the reeds into a medium-sized bundle, place them inside the bait and sink them to the bottom. After some time, you need to pull out the trap with its contents. But this option is poaching, so there is a possibility of trouble with it. How to catch Azov shrimp? Hunting for marine life is carried out in any of the 3 ways indicated here.

Do we need to take seasons into account?

It is important to consider not only how to catch shrimp at sea, but also the fishing periods:

1. Summer is spawning time for animals. Fishing during this period is prohibited, and poaching is punishable by law.
2. The mass run usually occurs in spring and autumn when the water is warm. Therefore, hunting for marine life in May, September, and October will bring great results.
3. In winter, crustaceans migrate to a depth of up to 30 meters, so even if you use a net or trawl, it will not be effective.

Deep sea fishing method

The deep fishing method is considered a complex process that can be used in the industrial field. The caught crustaceans are subjected to heat treatment on the ship, which improves their quality. Typically, trawls are used for industrial fishing. large sizes. They are launched along the bottom, which allows them to collect everything in their path.

This method allows you to catch shrimp, fish, shellfish and other inhabitants. The trawl is capable of plowing the seabed, destroying everything around it. It is lifted onto the deck by winches. When the production is sorted, the products are frozen and delivered to the mainland.

Preserving Shrimp

Since these marine creatures spoil quickly (in about 2-3 hours), it is necessary to properly preserve them after catching. Recreational fishermen place shrimp in a container with ice. If fishing is industrial, then seafood is frozen on the ship. You can preserve the product this way: place it in a cut-off bottle, fill it with water, and then put it in the freezer.

Thus, shrimp fishing has its own characteristics. You need to know where, when and how this can be done. You also need to remember about the safety of the product. In this case, hunting for sea creatures will bring excellent results.

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Features and habitat of shrimp

Shrimp are unique animals in terms of their body structure. Features of shrimp lie in their anatomy. Shrimp are one of the rare crustaceans that shed and change their shells.

Her genitals and heart are located in the head area. The digestive and urinary organs are also located there. Like most crustaceans, shrimp breathes using gills.

The gills of the shrimp are protected by a shell and are located next to the walking legs. Normally, their blood is light blue in color; when there is a lack of oxygen, it becomes discolored.

Shrimp live in almost all large bodies of water in the world. Their range is limited only to the harsh Arctic and Antarctic waters. They have adapted to life in warm and cold, salt and fresh water. The largest number of shrimp species are concentrated in equatorial regions. The further from the equator, the smaller their population.

Character and lifestyle of shrimp

Shrimps play important role in the ecosystem of seas and oceans. They clean the bottom of reservoirs from the remains of tubifex worms, aquatic insects and fish. Their diet consists of rotting plants and detritus - black silt formed as a result of the decomposition of fish and algae.

They lead an active lifestyle: they surf the bottom in search of food, crawl along the leaves of plants, cleaning them from snail leeches. Shrimp maneuverability in water is provided by walking legs on the cephalothorax and abdominal swimming legs, and the movements of the caudal peduncles allow them to quickly jump back and scare away their enemies.

Aquarium shrimp perform the functions of an orderly. They rid the reservoir of fouling by lower algae and feed on the remains of their dead “brethren.”

Sometimes they can attack sick or sleeping fish. Cannibalism among these crustaceans is rare. It usually appears only in stressful situations or in conditions of prolonged hunger.

Types of shrimp

All famous sciences Shrimp species are divided into four groups:

• Warm water;
• Cold water;
• Brackish water;
• Freshwater.

The habitat of warm-water shrimp is limited southern seas and oceans. They are caught not only in natural environment habitats, but also cultivated under artificial conditions. Science knows more than a hundred species of warm-water shrimp. Examples of such shellfish are black tiger and white tiger shrimp.

Cold-water shrimp are the most common of the known subspecies. Their habitat is wide: they are found in the Baltic, Barents, North Seas, off the coast of Greenland and Canada.

At description of shrimp It is worth mentioning of such individuals that their length is 10-12 cm, and their weight is 5.5-12 grams. Cold-water shrimp cannot be artificially propagated and develop only in their natural habitat.

They feed exclusively on environmentally friendly plankton, which has a positive effect on their quality. The most famous representatives of this subspecies are the northern red shrimp, northern chilim shrimp and red comb shrimp.

Shrimp, common in the salty waters of seas and oceans, are called brackish shrimp. So, in Atlantic Ocean Reds live king prawns, northern white, southern pink, northern pink, serrated and other individuals.

On the South American coasts you can find Chilean shrimp. Waters of the Black, Baltic and Mediterranean seas rich in herbaceous and sand shrimps.

Freshwater shrimp mainly live in the countries of Southeast and South Asia, Australia, Russia and the countries of the former Soviet Union. The length of such individuals is 10-15 centimeters and weighs from 11 to 18 grams. The most famous species are the troglocar shrimp, Palaemon superbus, Macrobachium rosenbergii.

Shrimp food

The basis shrimp nutrition constitute dying aquatic plants and organic residues. In their natural habitat they are scavengers. Shrimps will not refuse the pleasure of feasting on the remains of dead mollusks or even young fish.

Among plants, they prefer to feed on those with fleshy and succulent leaves, for example, ceratopteris. In the process of searching for food, shrimp use the organs of touch and smell. Turning its antennas in different directions, it looks around the area and tries to find prey.

In search of vegetation, certain species of shrimp that live closer to the equator dig up the soil of the reservoir. They run around its perimeter until they run into food, and then, approaching it within a centimeter, they suddenly attack it. Blind individuals living at the bottom of the Black Sea feed on silt, grinding it with their mandibles - well-developed jaws.

For shrimp grown in aquariums, specially developed feed is produced, enriched with nutrients and iodine. It is not recommended to feed them perishable vegetables.

As food you can use lightly boiled carrots, cucumbers, zucchini, dandelion leaves, clover, cherries, chestnuts, and walnuts. A real feast for a shrimp is the remains of an aquarium fish or fellow shrimp.

Reproduction and lifespan of shrimp

During puberty, the female shrimp begins the process of forming eggs that resemble a green-yellow mass. When the female is ready to mate, she releases pheromones into the water - substances that have a specific odor.

Sensing this smell, the males become more active in search of a partner and fertilize her. This process takes no more than a minute. Then the shrimp produces caviar. The norm for an adult female is a clutch of 20-30 eggs. Embryonic development of larvae lasts from 10 to 30 days depending on temperature environment.

During the process of embryogenesis, larvae go through 9-12 stages. At this time, changes occur in their structure: at the beginning, the jaws are formed, a little later - the cephalothorax.

Most of the hatched larvae die due to unfavorable conditions or the “work” of predators. As a rule, 5-10% of the brood reach maturity. At shrimp farming in the aquarium it is possible to preserve up to 30% of the offspring.

The larvae lead a sedentary lifestyle and are not able to obtain food, feeding on the available food. Last stage The development of these mollusks is called decapodite. During this period, the larva leads a lifestyle no different from an adult shrimp. Average, life cycle shrimp life lasts from 1.5 to 6 years.

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Features of shrimp

How many legs do shrimp have? The answer seems to be obvious, but not all shrimp limbs are legs. Five rear pairs of thoracic legs are used for locomotion. The thoracic limbs have eight pairs, three of which are jaws for capturing food and self-defense. The other five pairs of thoracic limbs are used when moving. The legs located on the abdomen (pleopods) are used for swimming and for bearing eggs. The first pair of legs in males evolved into a copulatory organ. Lifespan different types Shrimp life can range from 1-2 years for dwarf shrimp and up to 10 years for longclaw shrimp.

Where do shrimps live?

Shrimp have spread widely throughout the world's oceans, and many species have colonized fresh waters. In tropical seas there is more species diversity. In Russia, shrimp live in the Far East, where their fauna consists of more than 100 species. Also found in Ukraine in the Azov and Black Seas.

Lifestyle and behavior

What do shrimp eat?

Shrimp mainly feed on plankton, parts of algae, small invertebrates (insect larvae, worms), and quickly completely consume dead fish. Shrimps of the Palaemon species, less commonly Macrobrachium, can also prey on juvenile fish if they are hungry.

Shrimp breeding

Shrimp are dioecious. Many species are protandrous hermaphrodites, meaning they change sex from male to female during life.

Shrimp lay up to 150 thousand eggs. From them the zoea larva appears; in primitive shrimps, the nauplius. Shrimp larvae are small planktonic organisms that serve as food for other animal species. The larvae are very sensitive to the external environment.

Natural enemies in nature

A large number of young individuals die at the larval stage, and only a small percentage of them survive to adulthood. Whales, whale sharks and other planktivores feed on small shrimp. They also become prey for other marine animals, from bottom fish to shellfish, seabirds and mammals.

How is it used by humans?

Shrimp meat is rich in proteins and amino acids. Like other seafood, they are high in iodine. They contain all fat-soluble vitamins: K, A, E, D, vitamins C (ascorbic acid), B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B9 (folic acid), PP (niacin), B-carotene. This real natural treasure contains calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, iron, phosphorus, manganese, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, fluorine, sulfur, zinc. The only drawback of shrimp is its high cholesterol content.

In science, there is no species of “king” shrimp; this is the conventional name for all large shrimp. Most close-up view shrimp - black tiger shrimp, reaches 36 cm in length and 650 grams in weight.

Every year, more than 3.5 million tons of shrimp worth 10 billion dollars are caught in the seas and oceans. Bottom trawling for shrimp destroys their habitat for up to 40 years.

Most large and giant thirty-centimeter shrimp are grown on special farms. Due to such production, mangrove swamps and coral reefs are destroyed in warm Asian waters. Farmed shrimp are filled with chemicals such as urea and superphosphate. If these farms are located in the sea, then the tides carry production waste into the sea.

By the way, researchers found 162 species of microbes in a batch of shrimp that were resistant to 10 different antibiotics.

Shrimp (lat. Caridea) belong to the infraorder crustaceans of the order decapods. Initially, they lived in the seas and oceans, but now they can be found in salt lakes and even in fresh water bodies. Where exactly do shrimp live, and how do they differ? It turns out that their size and taste directly depend on their location. A large number of shrimp live in the equator region various types. The closer to the Earth's poles, the fewer of these species there are. At the same time, along with the number, the size of each individual specimen decreases.

Warm water shrimp

Warm-water shrimp can easily be found, caught and eaten in equatorial countries, for example, in Kenya, Brazil, Ecuador or in the homeland of the most famous pirates in the world today - Somalia. Here, in the Pacific Ocean, at a water temperature of +25...+ 30°C, the largest (reaching a size of 30 centimeters) and delicious shrimps are found. globe- they are also called . For residents Galapagos Islands the extraction and export of these crustaceans is one of the main sources of income. But the most prized shrimp throughout the world come from the waters of Latin America, where they are bred on special farms. They meet the highest quality standards, because the owners and employees are proud of their impeccable reputation and never want to spoil it.

Shrimp living in cold waters

Smaller shrimp (from 2.5 to 10 centimeters in size) live in the seas and oceans, with average temperature water +15°C. If you want to see these crustaceans in their native element or taste dishes made from freshly caught shrimp, go to the shores of the Baltic, Barents or North Seas. However, the most delicious cold-water shrimp, from the point of view of gourmets, are those that can be found and caught in Greenland and off the coast of Canada.

Freshwater shrimp

Freshwater shrimp can be classified as a separate family. They are found in the Amur River basin and live in cave reservoirs in Transcaucasia. Shrimp living in the fresh waters of the Far East are considered relict, since as a result of geological changes in the land they became isolated from other related species.

The influence of temperature and salinity of water on the life of shrimp

Regardless of where shrimp live, their size and quality of life are subject to fluctuations in environmental temperature. Individuals living in equatorial waters feel best in the temperature range from +25 to +30°C. If the temperature of their habitat drops, reaching +15°C or lower, the shrimp may die within a short time. However, even an increase in temperature to just +35°C is detrimental to crustaceans. For marine shrimp living far from the equator, and freshwater shrimp living in the south of the Far East (in the northernmost habitat areas), the best conditions are +15°C. If the temperature drops to +10°C, shrimp larvae may die. When the water temperature approaches 0 degrees, even adult individuals are unable to survive. If the stay in insufficiently warm water becomes prolonged, the shrimp begin to feel unwell, grow slowly or do not change in size at all and can survive in such conditions for only 2-2.5 months.

The salinity of water is much less important for shrimp than its temperature. Since all shrimp (even freshwater ones) initially have maritime origin, they are perfectly adapted to fluctuations in salt content in water. For example, freshwater shrimp living in the rivers of the Far East survive a not too long increase in water salinity to 16‰ without damage. During the breeding season, many species of shrimp are forced to migrate to places where fresh river water mixes with salty sea water, reaching a salt content of 22‰.

Introduction

I was prompted to write this material by numerous requests for help on the forum related to keeping shrimp in an aquarium.

Just 10 years ago these were very rare and exotic inhabitants aquariums. And now they have become fashionable, and the number of people wanting to have shrimp is constantly growing. But if the rules for caring for fish and plants are more or less generally known, then people are usually familiar with crustaceans only gastronomically.

There are many excellent articles about shrimp written by wonderful authors. This text is in no way a replacement for them. My main idea: to give a short introduction to shrimp keeping for newbies. The materials were selected taking into account the most common errors.
In order to facilitate perception, the material is divided into two parts: theoretical and practical.

Part 1. Theoretical

Meat or fish?

Once on the subway I heard a conversation between two women. They discussed whether it was possible to eat shrimp during Lent, when it is permissible to eat fish. Their main question was: are shrimp meat or fish? I wanted to tell them that shrimp are decapod arthropods. But I changed my mind, because... such an answer would confuse them even more. And why deprive people of the pleasure of courageously overcoming the difficulties that they create for themselves?
So, shrimp owners should know much more about their pets than the average person. Indeed, in an aquarium, these creatures are absolutely helpless. Their life depends entirely on the competence of the owner.

Let's take a look at the place of shrimp in the scientific classification:

Here keyword- arthropods. Therefore, immediately erase from your head the stereotype about the relationship between fish and shrimp. What they have in common is only their habitat. And according to their biological properties, they are “relatives” of cockroaches, spiders and bedbugs.

Which is more difficult to keep in an aquarium: fish or shrimp? It is impossible to answer unequivocally. But for a beginner, little familiar with the “pitfalls” of aquarium keeping, the answer is much clearer: casual fish are more tenacious. Therefore, shrimp are more difficult to keep.

Who sold me this hamster?

An old bearded joke... A man brings a bear to the poultry market and asks the sellers: “Well, who sold me this hamster a year ago?”

Shrimp also have their own hamsters and bears. Therefore, you need to be able to distinguish between them in order to avoid unpleasant surprises. For example, under the guise of a harmless booger, incompetent or unscrupulous sellers can sell macrobrachium rosenbergi, which grows up to 18 centimeters, freeing the aquarium from all fish, plants and its less fortunate relatives. In fact, the Rosenbergs are beautiful and interesting animals. But they need to be started consciously, providing appropriate conditions.

However, people usually want peaceful shrimp. And this is quite understandable. But how to distinguish them from predators? It's quite simple: predatory shrimp have claws that are visible to the naked eye.

I will not review all aquarium shrimp here. Moreover, new species and breeds are constantly appearing on the market. I would like to focus on the especially popular ones. Without having any statistics, I’ll take the risk of identifying the top three:

• Neocaridina denticulata Red Cherry, Cherry shrimp or simply cherry.
  The undoubted advantages of this shrimp are: unpretentiousness, fertility, bright color, wide availability. The disadvantages include the small size. However, this is even good for miniature aquariums.
  The approximate lifespan of cherry shrimp is 1 year. This is certainly not enough. But it is compensated by their fertility.
• Amano shrimp, Yamato Shrimp, Caridina japonica, Japanese pond shrimp or simply amanka.
  She became widely known thanks to Takashi Amano. Quite large, active, can eat filamentous algae. But it does not reproduce in an aquarium. But the lifespan is much longer than that of cherries. My seven Amanks have been living for 3.5 years.
• Atyopsis Moluccensis, Banana Shrimp, filter feed shrimp.
  These funny large shrimp can often be found in pet stores. But they are much more difficult to maintain than amanki or cherries. In addition, they are not very active. And many people mistakenly believe that a filter-feeding shrimp can somehow replace a filter. Unfortunately, it is filter feeders that most often die from inexperienced owners.
  One filter has lived with me for 3 years, the other is already on its fourth year.

Having mastered the simple rules of keeping these relatively unpretentious creatures, you can start the rest.

What you need to know...

What are these rules? Let's look at them right now.

Water quality

When dealing with shrimp, never forget that water quality is the most important thing in their life. They are extremely sensitive to any changes.

In nature, if shrimp sense something is wrong, they try to quickly swim as far as possible from the bad place.

Unfortunately, they have nowhere to escape from the aquarium. The poor creatures are rushing along the walls in panic, trying in vain to find a stream that will lead them to clean water. Large shrimp are trying to jump out. Those who succeed die on the floor. The rest are in the aquarium.
This is the sad picture of poisoning with nitrogenous compounds among simple-minded owners who do not spare food for their pets. Or in case of an incorrect start in an aquarium with fish.

What to do in such a situation? Change the water?
As they say, it’s too late to drink Borjomi if your liver has fallen off.
Replacements are not very effective. Some of the poor fellows can be saved if they are immediately transplanted into clean water. But only owners of several aquariums can afford this. And in tap water, even if it is clean, shrimp also have little chance.

To avoid this situation, you need to remember that shrimp are much more sensitive to water content harmful substances than fish. We will return to the topic of monitoring the concentration of nitrogen compounds. In the meantime, let's look at the table of numerical estimates that I collected based on personal experience.

What other substances are harmful to shrimp?
Most branded aquarium products are safe. And for those that are dangerous, this is always indicated in the instructions.

But can our people get by with only branded drugs? There will always be “knowledgeable” people who will recommend some kind of miracle remedy. But no one has yet canceled their head on their shoulders. And for an informed decision-making, I want to give a review collected from the reviews of many shrimp owners.

Separately, I would like to touch on a sore subject - algae. In my opinion, in the fight against them, many people reach the point of absurdity. Shrimp are unlikely to share the aesthetic feelings of the owner. For them, algae is food, a useful substrate and an additional water purifier. However, in case of blooming water, it is necessary to ensure good aeration.
Think carefully before pouring pesticides, whether it is worth it. In general, excess algae can always be controlled without the use of algaecides. And even if many people claim that everything is fine with them, this does not mean that in your case there will be no problems. It is clear that the shrimp want to live, despite the good efforts of the owner. But each aquarium has its own specific conditions. Because of this, some people are lucky and others are not. Don't risk your pets' lives in vain.

And a couple more tips:

• Wash your hands thoroughly without soap before putting them into the shrimp aquarium.
• In the summer I constantly use fumitox. Many shrimp owners do too. There are no negative consequences.

Once again about water

Did I mention that shrimp are very sensitive to water quality? I think he said. But it’s not superfluous to say this again.

Oxygen

It is very important to provide a large amount of oxygen in the aquarium water. Shrimp breathe through gills, much like fish. But the efficiency of fish gills is much higher. Therefore, shrimp need more oxygen. Where the fish survives, the shrimp may die from suffocation.
Extreme situations leading to a sharp drop in oxygen concentration are: outbreaks of blue-green algae (water blooms), bacterial turbidity, an increase in temperature to 30 0 C, high oxidation of water (due to excess organic matter).
Fish have another important advantage: a swim bladder, which allows them to float closer to the surface, where there is much more oxygen due to gas exchange with air. Shrimp are heavier than water and cannot swim for long. The only salvation for them is floating plants, which they can cling to and breathe near the surface.

Shrimp do not breathe through their mouths. Their gills are located in the central part of the body (in the carapace), and they push water there with cilia located under the belly. And too much movement may mean that the shrimp is lacking oxygen. And females also ventilate their eggs this way.

Filter feeders are the most demanding of oxygen. I would call the cherry ones the least picky.

Water temperature

Comfortable temperature for shrimp: 22-25 o C. Although, Sulawesi savages require no lower than 27 o. But for most the limit is 32 o. In addition, the warmer the water, the less necessary oxygen dissolves in it.
One summer there was terrible heat for almost two weeks. The temperature in the aquariums remained 30-31. Everyone survived. But this is force majeure.
Temperatures above 29 o are harmful to the health of shrimp.
The lower limit in my cherry shrimp tank dropped to 13 o without visible damage. I think that Amano could also survive this. But I wouldn’t take that risk with filters.

Hydrochemistry

What can be said about the hydrochemical parameters of water? Yes, advanced shrimp owners are usually well versed in such things as pH, KH, GH. You need to understand this especially well if you are going to install a carbon dioxide supply.
For most shrimp, the normal pH is between 6.5 and 8.5. Optimum 7.5-8. That is, a slightly alkaline environment.
High hardness is better than low hardness. For example, there are quite a few reports of problems with shedding in soft water (dGH< 5). В то же время, мне не приходилось слышать о проблемах в жёсткой воде.
Although, for example, red crystals feel better in softer and slightly acidic water.

But the most important quality of water is stability! Shrimp are able to adapt to a new environment, even if the parameters are not entirely favorable. But they will not be able to adapt to chaotic fluctuations in parameters (which are inevitable when trying to use pH-minus or plus products).

Organic

And all shrimp love water with a small organic content. Absolutely no organic matter (tap water) is very bad. Excess organic matter is also no good. Useful organic matter includes substances released by plants. Driftwood is also very welcome. Oak leaves or alder cones have a positive effect. At one time I used granulated peat in the filter. The water was yellowish, but all the shrimp felt great.

Shedding

A physiological feature of shrimp, like all arthropods, is their hard chitinous shell, which protects the body from all sides. This armor greatly helps them survive in wildlife, and in some aquariums too.

But there is a drawback to this: the shrimp grows and the suit becomes tight. Therefore, periodically they have to shed their old skin and grow a new one. This is called molting.

By the way, there is another unexpected bonus: along with a new skin, severed limbs can miraculously grow back.

But everything is far from so simple! The molting process is very responsible. After all, at this moment the shrimp becomes very vulnerable. In addition, to grow a new shell, the body uses “fat reserves” accumulated earlier. And if the shrimp did not receive enough substances from food, then there may not be enough building materials for new armor. This is fraught various pathologies and even the death of shrimp.

In addition to natural molting, there are also unplanned ones due to a sharp change in water parameters. This is a rather dangerous and undesirable phenomenon in the case when the shrimp has not had time to recover from the previous molt. And if the shrimp had caviar, it is usually lost.

What is a sudden change in water parameters from the point of view of shrimp?
Oddly enough, this could even be a transplant to a neighboring aquarium. After all, shrimp feel the difference very subtly. Therefore, do not try to transplant a pregnant female (“so that the babies don’t get eaten”). It is unlikely that she will appreciate such good intentions.

A change in parameters can be caused by improper start-up of the carbon dioxide supply system, introduction of chemicals that violate the environment, and even global weeding of fast-growing plants.

When some impressionable aquarists see empty skins for the first time, they sometimes mistake them for corpses. And I myself was caught once: the body of a filter feeder was lying at the bottom, and only the whiskers were twitching. I was about to be very upset, but upon closer inspection it turned out to be an empty shell into which a snail had climbed. And the mustache moved because of her movement.

The corpses of any shrimp in the aquarium look exactly the same as in the frozen food department grocery store- twisted, red and motionless.
Empty skins are translucent and usually white. And they are very light, so they sway even from a slight current and can lie on the leaves.

Behavior and Compatibility

Most shrimp are social creatures. Perhaps this does not apply only to filter feeders who are single introverts.
I can say for sure that the behavior of seven amankas is very different from three. In a group, shrimp behave more actively and boldly, hiding less. Therefore, it is much more interesting to watch them.
I didn’t notice any special relationships between different types of shrimp.

Another feature is 24/7 activity. It seems like it doesn't really matter to them whether it's day or night.

The keeping of shrimp together is limited by two factors:

• Larger shrimp can eat smaller ones. This is usually the fault of predators, such as macrobrachiums. However, I already warned that it is better to start with peaceful ones.
• Some seemingly different shrimp turn out to be able to enter into mixed marriages. For example, this is possible between bees, tigers and crystals. () This does not harm them themselves, but the offspring come out completely unattractive. Is it worth paying through the nose for beautiful people? decorative shrimp, if they are replaced by dull half-breeds?

Shrimp and fish

And of course, we cannot ignore the relationship between shrimp and fish.

Unfortunately, even small fish often prey on juvenile shrimp. And larger fish are not averse to snacking on adult cherries. Amanks and filter feeders can fend for themselves. But during the molting period, they can easily become prey for cichlids or macropods. There are known cases of amankas being eaten by roosters.
There are very few completely safe fish. Among them I would name microanalysis ( Microrasbora sp. Galaxy), otocinclus ( Otocinclus macrospilus), acanthophthalmus ( Acanthophthalmus kuhli) and gastromyzons ( Gastromyzon punctulatus). And also, oddly enough, a huge and formidable Gyrinoheylus ( Gyrinocheilus aymonieri) - a thunderstorm for fish - turned out to be absolutely harmless to shrimp. True, I once heard that he gave a thrashing to predatory shrimp. But, apparently, they were the first to make an attempt on his life.
The main trouble is that even in the absence of aggression from the fish, the shrimp try to stay out of harm's way. They begin to hide and switch to nocturnal activity.

For example, in my 100-liter aquarium, filter feeders, amankas, cherries and Indian red noses coexisted well.
Among the fish there were: Gyrinocheilus, two Siamese algae eaters (SAE), wedge-shaped rasboras, honey gouramis and dwarf loaches.
Juvenile cherry species were predominantly nocturnal. In addition, they occupied the insides of the filters. The adults climbed calmly during the day.

I think that for the first time the theory will be enough. In the next part we will look at practical issues of shrimp science.

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Shrimp: a way of life

Freshwater shrimp, where they live, are an important element of the fauna of reservoirs, an essential link in the food chain. Many fish and waterfowl feed on them. Freshwater shrimp are also of significant economic importance.

By the end of the 20th century. The freshwater shrimp Exopalaemon modestus was discovered in the Kapchagay reservoir in Kazakhstan, and in Uzbekistan, in the Chirchik and Syrdarya rivers, in the Arnasay lakes, the Chinese shrimp Macrobrachium nipponense has taken root. It was accidentally introduced into fish ponds along with juvenile Far Eastern fish from China. The same shrimp accidentally ended up in artificial cooling ponds at hydroelectric power stations in the Moscow region, then at the Ryazan State District Power Plant, and began to multiply there beautifully in the constantly warm water. They were already specially settled in the cooling lakes of state district power plants in Belarus and Moldova. In such reservoirs, shrimp eat lower algae, which develop en masse in warm water, and themselves serve as food for many fish. In particular, they are readily eaten by pike perch. Currently, experiments are being conducted on breeding the giant eastern Rosenberg shrimp for food purposes in the Volga delta and in warm-water basins in the Crimea.

As observations in Belarus have shown, in the cooling ponds of state regional power plants, the number of shrimp can increase by 8.7 times or more over the course of a year. In Moldova, two years after their settlement, their number increased from 2 thousand to 600 thousand.

Freshwater shrimp are a fairly valuable food product, which is of significant importance in the tropics and subtropics. They are grown in ponds and rice paddies in two dozen countries around the world. In constantly warm water, shrimp can reproduce year-round and reach large numbers: up to 50 crustaceans per 1 m3 of water. In the USA, India, Australia, and Israel, the number of shrimp in ponds can grow 60 times per season. Mainly 10–16 species of the genus Macrobrachium are grown, some representatives of which reach a length of 30 cm and weigh 150–250 g (for example, the already mentioned giant eastern Rosenberg shrimp, Macrobrachium rosenbergii).

You can learn a lot of interesting things about shrimp by observing them in an aquarium. These creatures get along well in captivity and over the last decade have become quite widespread among aquarists. They clean aquarium plants from fouling by lower algae, act as orderlies, complement the diversity of the population of an indoor reservoir, usually limited only to fish, and decorate the underwater landscape with their original appearance. The aquariums contain Japanese marsh shrimp (Caridina japonica), South Asian bee shrimp (Caridina serrata) and bumblebee shrimp from the genus Neocaridina, Far Eastern freshwater shrimp. Small shrimp, for example, caridina bee, live in captivity for 1–1.5 years, large ones for 2–4 years.

A volume of 7–10 liters per individual is sufficient for shrimp; they prefer a sandy bottom, clean water, and feed on detritus, leftover fish food, and microalgae. Large shrimp can sometimes attack sick or, less commonly, fish sleeping on the bottom at night. They usually do not touch healthy active fish. Attacks on fish and cannibalism are more often observed in stressful situations for shrimp - after transplantation, with a lack of regular food, overcrowding, sudden changes in living conditions, in particular, significant temperature changes within 1-2 hours.

According to some reports, shrimp of the genus Caridina require brackish water for the development of eggs and larvae, and Neocaridina bumblebees also reproduce in fresh water. But the biological features of many species of shrimp have not yet been sufficiently studied, so it is interesting to recommend that schoolchildren keep them, along with fish, in aquariums and observe them. Topics to observe may include the following.

1. Variability of color: lightening and darkening depending on the intensity of lighting, time of day, color of the soil in different species. Effect of nutrition on color. Thus, when eating red mosquito larvae (bloodworms), the body of shrimp can turn pink, when eating dark tubifex worms, it can darken, and when feeding on green algae, it can turn green.

2. Observations of the movements and orientation of shrimp are instructive. Walking legs on the cephalothorax help them walk on the ground and climb vertically on plants. Here they are also held with the help of abdominal swimming legs, which in other cases help the shrimp to swim both forward - horizontally, and up and down - vertically. The movements of the caudal peduncles - uropods and the bending of the end of the abdomen help the shrimp not only quickly jump back a considerable distance, but also drive away other shrimp and fish. Also, the molting shrimp, whose legs have not yet hardened, moves with sharp flexions and extensions of the abdomen and pushes.

When searching for food, the shrimp primarily uses its antennae, claws, and jaws, all the while feeling the substrate around it. Its eyes distinguish only relatively large, closely located objects and are used when viewing the surrounding space when swimming and moving and when monitoring the approach of danger. This can be noticed when catching shrimp with a net.

3. Observations of the behavior of shrimp are of interest. Large macrobrachiums and palemons exhibit elements of territoriality, often stay in one corner of the aquarium, and try not to let other shrimp and fish in there. But we did not observe any fights among the shrimps - they, putting their open claws forward, quickly spread to the sides when they meet. Males vying for a female behave in a similar way. Males guard females during molting and mating.

4. Experiments on feeding shrimp, their choice of food items, the effect of temperature on the growth and development of shrimp, and the frequency of molting are worthy of attention. The shrimp quickly begin to recognize the place where food constantly appears, and try to stay nearby all the time. This is how they form a conditioned reflex to the place and time of feeding. This indicates a certain development and complexity of the nervous system of shrimp: they have more plastic behavior than arachnids and a number of insects that almost do not form conditioned reflexes.

It is worth paying attention to the structure of the discarded shells - exuviae. When shrimp molt, damaged or previously lost limbs grow back and the process of their regeneration occurs. This is especially noticeable in young ones, as they shed more often.

5. Reproduction of shrimp is a special area of ​​observation. The peculiarities of the female's care for the eggs and the change in their color as they mature are interesting. Females can regularly lay unfertilized eggs, which they then gradually lose. You can trace the influence of temperature and salinity of water on the development of eggs. Finally, the complex development process of shrimp larvae is very interesting. If you manage to grow ten young shrimp from larvae in an aquarium, this is already a great success. You can feed the larvae with particles of milk powder, yeast, boiled egg yolk, ground grain sprayed in water...

We eat this sea ​​creature, and what do we know about him? Today we will tell you how he lives shrimp in the depths of the sea, where it lives, what species exist and much more.

Description of shrimp

Shrimp is a mollusk belonging to the decapod crayfish, with a body length of only 10-12 cm (a maximum of some individuals reach 30 cm) with a body weight of 20 grams. Life cycle of a shrimp varies from 1.5 to 6 years.

Did you know that the mollusk is a unique creature? These creatures are able to shed their shell, replacing it with a new one. But the most interesting thing is that the sea creature’s heart and genitals are located in the head area, where the digestive and urinary organs are also located! Like all crustaceans and fish, the shrimp is breathing with the help of gills, which are located next to the walking legs and are protected by a shell. By the way, no matter how surprising it may be, shrimp blood is in normal condition blue color! And only from a lack of oxygen does it become discolored. These creatures live in almost any body of water in the world, except for the Arctic and Antarctica, focusing on areas of the equator.

Types of shrimp

Scientists identify more than 2,000 species, which they divided into subspecies:

1. Freshwater

2. Cold water

3. Warm water

4. Brackish water

HABITAT, REPRODUCTION AND NUTRITION OF SHRIMP

Shrimp habitat

Did you know what exactly shrimp play an important role in the ecosystem of seas and oceans? These small creatures clean the bottom of reservoirs from various tubifex worms, fish and aquatic insects. Looking for food sea ​​creature leads a fairly active lifestyle, constantly moving around bodies of water. Little cleaners cleanse the body of dead brothers and small algae, sometimes attacking big fish, but only on sleeping or sick people.

Of course, everyone species of shrimp lives V different places. Warm water, for example, live only in the southern oceans and seas, and there are about a hundred species of them. Cold water found in the Baltic and North Seas, in the Barents Sea, near the coasts of Canada and Greenland. By the way, this is one of the most common types of shrimp. You probably already realized that brackish water mollusks are inhabitants of salty seas and oceans. Freshwater They also live in Russia, Australia, and the countries of South and South-East Asia. Chilean inhabit the South American coasts, the Black, Baltic and Mediterranean Seas, and our beloved king prawns in the Atlantic Ocean.

What do shrimp eat?

Basis of shellfish nutrition– organic matter and endangered aquatic plants. Among plants, preference is given to succulent varieties, such as ceratopteris. These creatures resemble scavengers who will not disdain to feast on dead shellfish and even young fish. In shrimp There are organs of touch and smell that perfectly help in finding food - these are kind of antennas on the head. Residents closer to the equator even dig up the soil in search, running around the perimeter until they stumble upon food. As soon as mollusk found what he was looking for, he instantly and greedily pounces on food. And only blind individuals of the Black Sea eat silt with their mandibles (jaws), and cold-water ones with pure plankton.

At home, we can add to the diet animal dandelion and clover leaves, cucumbers, boiled carrots, zucchini, Walnut, chestnut, cherry.

Shrimp breeding

As soon as the female is ready to lay eggs, she secretes a yellow-green mass with a specific smell, to which the males flock like bees to honey. Once the couple has chosen each other, they begin mate, which lasts no more than a minute. One female can lay 20-30 eggs, which develop from 10 to 30 days, depending on the environment. During the moment of formation, the shrimp in the caviar changes from 9 to 12 times! First, the legs are formed, and only then the head with all the organs located there. About 10% of the young animals die from predators, but in the aquarium you will be able to save 30%. And all because they are not able to obtain food, eating only the available food.

VIDEO: ABOUT PRAWNS

IN THIS VIDEO YOU CAN LEARN ABOUT HOW THEY ACTUALLY HARVEST PRAWNS FROM THE DEPTHS OF THE SEA