How animals take care of their offspring. How beavers care for their young. Lifestyle in the wild How animals care for their young

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How do animals take care of their offspring?

Animals take care of their offspring in different ways: they lick, protect, teach to walk, fly or swim, defend themselves, feed with milk, and then show edible plants, teach to hunt.

Predators usually live together for several months, during which time they teach their babies everything they need for life: hunting, chasing, camouflage, attack, cutting up a caught carcass, etc.

Usually the mother takes care of the children, but there are exceptions. Animals select a territory in advance, carefully guard and prepare shelters for future offspring - nests, burrows, dens.

The cubs live with their mother for 2-3 years, with whom the older cubs also live.

Elephants and some species of monkeys live with children for about 8-10 years. Almost all adult members of the group take part in raising the young: older brothers, sisters, females without children of their own. They look after the babies, feed them, look after them, and play with them.

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My younger sister Katya bought herself a pair of Dzungariki hamsters, a boy and a girl, gray and red. These are small furry animals of the rodent subfamily. She named them Dima and Larisa, and that’s why all her friends laughed at her, because she gave the rodents human names.
A month or two later, Larisa became pregnant, and my sister was faced with the need to buy a large cage for her hamster family. After all, dzhungarikas, like all rodents, reproduce very actively.
Interestingly, male hamsters do not like to take care of their offspring.

They most often do not have parental feelings; they can even eat their young, as some cats and dogs do. Therefore, Sister immediately seated Larisa and Dmitry in different cages when she noticed Larisa’s pregnancy. And sometimes the females themselves drive away the gentleman when they sense the imminent appearance of the cubs, in order to protect them from the large and fat adult hamster.
Soon the sister had to take care of the hamster litter: four little “fluffies”. Twenty minutes after their birth, Larisa happily crushed the seeds on both cheeks, and then began to feed the little ones.
It cannot be said that the Djungarians are obsessed with caring for their children. The female only fed Her offspring and warmed them, lying nearby. She did not provide any more affection to the children. I was surprised when I compared this behavior with that of a cat. The cat most often immediately runs to the kittens, hearing their plaintive squeak, licks them and sings them a purring lullaby, growls and releases its claws when it sees that someone stranger is approaching the little ones.
Afterwards we decided to give Dima short-term permission to look at Our children. During the meeting, Larisa guarded him so that, God forbid, he would not grab one of the little ones and devour him. But the hamster did not eat anyone, he even licked and sniffed Larisa and the cubs. I believe that he missed his family, sitting in a separate cage. This is good, because most often these rodents fight for territory and bite each other, but they rarely make friends.

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HOW ANIMALS CARE

ABOUT YOUR PROGRESS

Maxim Kozak 3 “G” class

HOW ANIMALS CARE FOR THEIR OFFENDER

The success of the offspring's survival depends to a great extent on the adequacy of the parents' behavior. Caring for the offspring of many animals begins with preparation for their birth. Often seasonal migrations of animals are associated with movement to breeding grounds, sometimes many thousands of kilometers from their habitat. Animals that do not make such long journeys also choose their nesting territory in advance, and many of them carefully guard it and prepare shelters - nests, burrows, dens, adapted for future offspring.

1. Caring for the offspring of bears.

Females produce offspring every three years. In October or November, pregnant bears leave sea ​​ice and head to the nearest land in search of a den where they raise their young during the long polar night. Having reached land, the bear searches for a suitable place for a long time until she chooses a depression or cave in a snowdrift of old snow. Gradually, snowstorms sweep the den and leave traces that reveal its location. After a few months, tiny bear cubs no larger than a rat appear inside the snow den. Newborn bears, burrowing into their mother's fur, immediately look for nipples and begin to suck. A baby bear's claws are curved and sharp - this helps him hold on to the soft fur on the mother bear's belly.

Meanwhile, the female is starving and her weight drops by almost half. But she will only be able to go hunting when her children grow up and gain strength. Cubs need time to get used to arctic temperatures after several months of living in a den warm from their mother's body. After 2-3 months, the weight of the cubs increases 4-5 times, and the family begins to take short walks in the immediate vicinity of the home. The mother bear introduces the cubs to something new to them. environment, teaches hunting skills and shows amazing patience with the frisky games and curiosity of the cubs. The mother bear's care for her cubs does not stop until they become independent.

Fathers, as often happens in nature, do not take the slightest part in the fate of their offspring, shifting all worries about feeding the cubs onto the shoulders of the bear. However, food is not the only problem facing a female with cubs. The real threat comes from adult males who compete with each other for the possession of a female. Given the chance, a large male could easily kill her cubs. The female will then go into heat again and he can mate with her to ensure that the next generation will inherit his genes. Therefore, females are very vigilant and do not let their cubs go far from them.

2.Caring for offspring in monkeys.

Procreation is the most important aspect of an animal's life. In some animals, caring for their offspring takes only a short period of time after birth. However, among monkeys, children are born completely defenseless, and they require quite a long period of care. This period can last for months and often for years. Even after the young are able to care for themselves, they remain in close contact with their mother. For two to ten years, depending on the species, young primates are not only protected by their mother, but also undergo training from her.
In early childhood, little monkeys feed on their mother's milk and gradually, over the course of several months, switch to food common to their species. The mother is not only a nurse for the cub, but also a protector. Caring for the offspring comes to an end when the cubs reach sexual maturity, but this can happen earlier if the mother gives birth to another baby.

3. Caring for the offspring of foxes.

Before the birth of offspring married couple cleans the hole and the female spends most of her time in it. Only in the first days after the birth of the fox, when the female does not leave the hole, does the male bring her food, and then returns to single life. All care for the offspring falls on the female: she skillfully obtains food and selflessly protects the cubs. The mother fox barks at the man from behind the bushes, trying to divert his attention from the hole, and tries to lead the dog with her

4. Caring for the offspring of lions.

If a lioness becomes pregnant, then after 3.5 months, shortly before giving birth, she again leaves the pride. She finds a shady, inconspicuous place and there the offspring are born - from 1 to 6, on average, three lion cubs. At first they are looked after by their mother, and after returning to the pride, all lionesses are equally affectionate with the cubs and do not distinguish between their own and others. In a pride, lion cubs are born synchronously, which gives them an advantage: mutual feeding and collective defense are known to significantly reduce cub mortality. The role of the lion in caring for the offspring is primarily to protect the pride from wandering male lions. He can also make sure that when dividing the prey, the lion cubs get their portion. But females protect lion cubs from predators.

5. Caring for the offspring of hippos.

The emergence of new life is always surprising and wonderful! Watching how caring and tender the new mother is, how touchingly clumsy and

Newborn baby animals are beautiful, it is interesting to know how pregnancy proceeds and birth occurs in hippos.

Pregnancy lasts 8 months (227-240 days according to various sources). Feeling the approach of childbirth, the female leaves the herd to a secluded place. In most cases, she gives birth under water, less often on land. If childbirth on land is inevitable, then the expectant mother prepares something resembling a nest from the surrounding bushes. To do this, she tramples down bushes and grass. A newborn baby weighs 25-50 kg, most often 40 kg babies are born. Its length is about a meter, its shoulders are 50 cm wide. If a toddler is born under water, then the female pushes him with her muzzle to the surface so that he does not suffocate, since he can only hold his breath for 40 seconds. A newborn hippo is already on his feet on his own after 5 minutes from the moment of birth.

For the first 10 days, the mother is with her child and eats practically nothing. She is ready and capable of defeating even a tiger if it shows even the slightest threat to her beloved cub. Only when he is strong enough to go ashore on his own does the mother move away a little from the newborn. Feeding usually occurs over a period of 4-18 months. And what’s surprising is that the baby can suck milk both on land and in water, pressing his nostrils and ears tightly to the body.

In the water, the female helps the baby swim, gently pushing him with her muzzle. When the baby gets tired, she takes him on her back (on the scruff of the neck) and carries him around. In a herd, the mother pushes all adult males away from the baby so that in a stampede they do not crush him.

In the animal world there are the most different shapes care for the offspring: from complete absence to the most complex and long-term relationships between children and parents. In its simplest form, care for the offspring is present in all organisms and is expressed in the fact that reproduction occurs only in conditions favorable for the offspring - in the presence of food, suitable temperature, etc.

Internet.

Sites: Caring for offspring, Caring for offspring in lions, Caring for offspring in hippopotamuses, Caring for offspring in monkeys, The meaning of caring for offspring, Photos of animals with cubs.

Description of work

The success of the offspring's survival depends to a great extent on the adequacy of the parents' behavior. Caring for the offspring of many animals begins with preparation for their birth. Often seasonal migrations of animals are associated with movement to breeding grounds, sometimes many thousands of kilometers from their habitat. Animals that do not make such long journeys also choose their nesting territory in advance, and many of them carefully guard it and prepare shelters - nests, burrows, dens, adapted for future offspring.

You will learn how animals take care of their offspring in this article.

How do animals care for their offspring?

Caring for offspring is one of the basic instincts inherent in modern fauna. This ensures productive development for procreation.

Main important rule nursing is the process of feeding. Like everyone else, babies need proper nutrition. For the most part, it's mother's milk. It is with milk that the cubs absorb the love, instincts, and skills of their parents. Some mothers feed their offspring while standing, others - lying down. However, this is not important. The main thing is that the young body receives all the nutrients.

Home comfort and cleanliness are another rule for the proper upbringing of offspring. This habit is probably inherent in all mammals, without exception. As a rule, the mother takes each baby and thoroughly cleans it, pulls out dirt or excess hair, and selects fleas. For example, rabbits have the habit of plucking fluff on their bellies and using it to insulate their mink. This allows kids not to freeze in cold weather. But if the parents are not around, then almost all the cubs gather in a group to maintain internal warmth.

And, of course, protection from enemies. Not all mammals or birds have a menacing appearance. Some of them fight to the last to save the future generation. And with the help of parental instincts it is much easier to do this.

Many females treat their cubs so strangely that one can only wonder

People often condemn the behavior of male fathers who do not have parental instinct and remain uninvolved in the fate of their offspring, but many females treat their cubs so strangely that one can only be surprised. It turns out there are quite a few bad mothers in the animal world, and the ten worst were included in the Discovery News list.

Whiskered tamarin

These primates look incredibly cute, but that doesn't mean they are kind and caring. Female whiskered tamarins sometimes kill their young. “Using genetic analysis, it was found that females kill their own offspring,” said Ivan Lledo-Ferrer, a scientist who studied primates at the Autonomous University of Madrid.

But Lledo-Ferrer explained that females kill those cubs that are poorly adapted for survival, taking into account the social attitudes of individual groups. Either way, it looks terrible. Female mothers may pick up their young and throw them to the ground from a tall tree.

Photo by Postdlf from wikimedia.org

Chimpanzee

There have been cases of female chimpanzees and their daughters joining forces to kill other members of their species, just like Bonnie and Clyde. In the 1970s, primatologist Jane Goodall discovered this cruel behavior in the mother and daughter chimpanzees Passion and Pom. The two of them killed and ate two other people's cubs.

Simon Townsend of Scotland's University of St. Andrews believes that female chimpanzees kill strangers to secure a certain territory. Fortunately, not all females behave so aggressively.

Photo by Flickr user Steve

harp seal

Cubs harp seals, probably one of the cutest creatures on earth - white fluffy big-eyed lumps. They are born in March or February, the female gives birth to only one puppy (squirrel). Seals are very good mothers - they protect, care for and feed their pups with great tenderness. But their maternity leave lasts very long - only two weeks. Then they leave the baby to the mercy of fate - alone on the icy surface, and the puppy can survive only thanks to its fat reserves and... luck.

Photo by Matthieu Godbout from wikimedia.org

Kangaroo

Kangaroo mothers are known all over the world; they often risk their lives for the sake of their children. However, in a difficult situation, female kangaroos can sacrifice their offspring. This happens when a female has three cubs or when they are at different stages of development: one in the womb, another in the pouch, and the third spends most of the time outside the pouch.

If the family is threatened by hunger or the female is physically weak, she can abandon the older cub to the mercy of fate and empty her pouch, which can lead to the simultaneous death of all offspring.

Photo by fir0002 from flagstaffotos.com.au

Lioness

Sometimes the inaction of lionesses is much more destructive than their active actions. Once at the head of a pride, the dominant male may kill many cubs under the age of two to get rid of possible competitors. The lioness does not protect them and can even create new family with the new alpha.

Photo by Flickr user David Dennis

Big panda

Female giant pandas can only kill their cubs by accident. These large mammals weigh up to 127 kilograms, and their cubs are very small. At birth, their weight is only 150-200 grams. Female giant pandas can accidentally crush their cubs in their sleep.

Photo by Joshua Doubek from wikimedia.org

Sea Horse

U seahorses Males bear the offspring. Male seahorses do almost all the work and are very fertile. And the female, besides sharing a couple of eggs, does nothing for her children. Once the fry hatch, they must survive on their own - neither mother nor father cares for them.

“The most advanced form of male guardianship is found among seahorses. Their pouch has evolved into a placenta, and the males actively work for the benefit of their offspring,” says Peter Teske, PhD, from Macquarie University.

Photo by Jaro Nemčok from cfnemcok.sk

Dracula Ant

The queens and workers of the appropriately named “Dracula” ants pierce the shell of their own larvae and suck out their “blood.” This behavior is scientifically called larval hemolymph feeding. Oddly enough, the larvae survive, but such “feeding” certainly does not benefit them.

Photo by April Nobile from AntWeb.org

Galapagos shark

Many species of sharks, including the Galapagos shark, eat members of their own species. Hungry females don't care who they eat. If they find a baby shark, they eat it indiscriminately, even if it is a member of its own species.

Photo from pifsc.noaa.gov

Guinea fowl

Guinea fowl are African birds, but they are now domesticated and bred all over the world. Guinea fowl chicks receive a truly Spartan upbringing. Mothers mercilessly drag the entire brood on long journeys in any weather. A large number of chickens die on such trips from getting wet and hypothermia. Resourceful owners, when breeding at home, use chickens as nannies for guinea fowl chicks.

Photo by Gouldingken from wikimedia.org