Hound dogs of the Kriegsmarine. Torpedo boats of the Second World War The day that changed everything

The idea of ​​using a torpedo boat in combat first appeared in the First World War among the British command, but the British failed to achieve the desired effect. Next, the Soviet Union said its word on the use of small mobile ships in military attacks.

Historical reference

A torpedo boat is a small combat vessel that is designed to destroy military ships and transport ships with shells. During World War II, it was used many times in military operations with the enemy.

By that time, the naval forces of the main Western powers had no a large number of such boats, but their construction rapidly increased by the time hostilities began. On the eve of the Great Patriotic War, there were almost 270 boats equipped with torpedoes. During the war, more than 30 models of torpedo boats were created and more than 150 were received from the allies.

History of the torpedo ship

Back in 1927, the TsAGI team developed a project for the first Soviet torpedo ship, headed by A. N. Tupolev. The ship was given the name “Perbornets” (or “ANT-3”). It had the following parameters (unit of measurement - meter): length 17.33; width 3.33 and draft 0.9. The power of the vessel was 1200 hp. pp., tonnage - 8.91 tons, speed - as much as 54 knots.

The armament on board consisted of a 450 mm torpedo, two machine guns and two mines. The pilot production boat became part of the Black Sea fleet in mid-July 1927. naval forces. The institute continued to work, improving the units, and in the first month of autumn 1928 the serial boat “ANT-4” was ready. Until the end of 1931, dozens of ships were launched, which were called “Sh-4”. Soon, the first formations of torpedo boats appeared in the Black Sea, Far Eastern and Baltic military districts. The Sh-4 ship was not ideal, and the fleet leadership ordered TsAGI a new boat in 1928, which was later named G-5. It was a completely new ship.

Torpedo ship model "G-5"

The planing vessel "G-5" was tested in December 1933. The ship had a metal hull and was considered the best in the world both in terms of technical characteristics and weapons. Serial production of "G-5" dates back to 1935. By the beginning of World War II, it was the basic type of boat in the USSR. The speed of the torpedo boat was 50 knots, power - 1700 hp. s., and was armed with two machine guns, two 533 mm torpedoes and four mines. Over the course of ten years, more than 200 units of various modifications were produced.

During the Great Patriotic War, G-5 boats hunted enemy ships, carried out torpedo attacks, landed troops, and escorted trains. The disadvantage of torpedo boats was their dependence on weather conditions. They could not be at sea when the sea level reached more than three points. There were also inconveniences with the placement of paratroopers, as well as with the transportation of goods due to the lack of a flat deck. In this regard, just before the war, new models of long-range boats “D-3” with a wooden hull and “SM-3” with a steel hull were created.

Torpedo leader

Nekrasov, who was the head of the experimental design team for the development of gliders, and Tupolev in 1933 developed the design of the G-6 ship. He was the leader among the available boats. According to the documentation, the vessel had the following parameters:

• displacement 70 t;
• six 533 mm torpedoes;
• eight engines of 830 hp each. With.;
• speed 42 knots.

Three torpedoes were fired from torpedo tubes located at the stern and shaped like a trench, and the next three were fired from a three-tube torpedo tube, which could be turned and was located on the deck of the ship. In addition, the boat had two cannons and several machine guns.

Planing torpedo ship "D-3"

USSR torpedo boats of the D-3 brand were produced at the Leningrad plant and Sosnovsky, which was located in the Kirov region. The Northern Fleet had only two boats of this type when the Great Patriotic War began. In 1941, another 5 ships were produced at the Leningrad plant. Only starting in 1943, domestic and allied models began to enter service.

The D-3 vessels, unlike the previous G-5, could operate at a longer distance (up to 550 miles) from the base. The speed of the new brand of torpedo boat ranged from 32 to 48 knots, depending on engine power. Another feature of the “D-3” was that it was possible to fire a salvo from them while stationary, and from the “G-5” units - only at a speed of at least 18 knots, otherwise the fired missile could hit the ship. On board the ship were:

• two 533 mm torpedoes of the thirty-ninth model:
• two DShK machine guns;
• Oerlikon cannon;
• Colt Browning coaxial machine gun.

The hull of the ship "D-3" was divided by four partitions into five waterproof compartments. Unlike boats of the G-5 type, D-3 were equipped with better navigation equipment, and a group of paratroopers could move freely on the deck. The boat could take on board up to 10 people, who were accommodated in heated compartments.

Torpedo ship "Komsomolets"

On the eve of World War II, torpedo boats in the USSR received further development. Designers continued to design new and improved models. This is how a new boat called “Komsomolets” appeared. Its tonnage was similar to that of the G-5, and its tube torpedo tubes were more advanced, and it could carry more powerful anti-aircraft anti-submarine weapons. For the construction of the ships, voluntary donations from Soviet citizens were attracted, hence their names, for example, “Leningrad Worker” and other similar names.

The hulls of ships manufactured in 1944 were made of duralumin. Interior The boat included five compartments. Keels were installed along the sides of the underwater part to reduce pitching, and the trough torpedo tubes were replaced with tube apparatus. Seaworthiness increased to four points. Armament included:

• two torpedoes;
• four machine guns;
• depth charges (six pieces);
• smoke equipment.

The cabin, which accommodated seven crew members, was made of seven-millimeter armored sheet. Torpedo boats of World War II, especially Komsomolets, distinguished themselves in the spring battles of 1945, when Soviet troops were approaching Berlin.

The USSR's path to creating gliders

The Soviet Union was the only major maritime country that built ships of this type. Other powers moved on to create keelboats. During calm conditions, the speed of the red boats was significantly higher than the keel ships; with waves of 3-4 points, it was the other way around. In addition, boats with a keel could carry more powerful weapons on board.

Mistakes made by engineer Tupolev

The torpedo boats (Tupolev's project) were based on a seaplane float. Its top, which influenced the strength of the device, was used by the designer on the boat. The upper deck of the ship was replaced by a convex and steeply curved surface. It was impossible for a person, even when the boat was at rest, to stay on the deck. When the ship was moving, it was completely impossible for the crew to leave the cabin; everything that was on it was thrown off the surface. In wartime, when it was necessary to transport troops on the G-5, military personnel were seated in the chutes that are available at the torpedo tubes. Despite the good buoyancy of the vessel, it is impossible to transport any cargo on it, since there is no space to place it. The design of the torpedo tube, which was borrowed from the British, was unsuccessful. The lowest speed of the ship at which torpedoes were fired was 17 knots. At rest and at a lower speed, a salvo of torpedoes was impossible, since it would hit the boat.

German military torpedo boats

During the First World War, in order to fight British monitors in Flanders, the German fleet had to think about creating new means of fighting the enemy. A solution was found, and in April 1917, the first small one with torpedo armament was built. The length of the wooden hull was slightly more than 11 m. The ship was propelled by two carburetor engines, which overheated already at a speed of 17 knots. When it increased to 24 knots, strong splashes appeared. One 350 mm torpedo tube was installed in the bow; shots could be fired at a speed of no more than 24 knots, otherwise the boat would hit the torpedo. Despite the shortcomings, German torpedo ships entered serial production.

All ships had a wooden hull, the speed reached 30 knots at a wave of three points. The crew consisted of seven people; on board there was one 450 mm torpedo tube and a machine gun of a rifle caliber. At the time the armistice was signed, the Kaiser's fleet included 21 boats.

All over the world, after the end of the First World War, there was a decline in the production of torpedo ships. Only in 1929, in November, the German company Fr. Lursen accepted an order for the construction of a combat boat. The ships released were improved several times. The German command was not satisfied with the use of gasoline engines on ships. While the designers were working to replace them with hydrodynamics, other designs were being refined all the time.

German torpedo boats of World War II

Even before the start of World War II, the German naval leadership set a course for the production of combat boats with torpedoes. Requirements were developed for their shape, equipment and maneuverability. By 1945, it was decided to build 75 ships.

Germany occupied third place in the world leadership in the export of torpedo boats. Before the start of the war, German shipbuilding was working to implement Plan Z. Accordingly, the German fleet had to re-equip itself significantly and have a large number of ships carrying torpedo weapons. With the outbreak of hostilities in the fall of 1939, the planned plan was not fulfilled, and then the production of boats increased sharply, and by May 1945, almost 250 units of Schnellbot-5 alone were put into operation.

The boats, which have a hundred-ton carrying capacity and improved seaworthiness, were built in 1940. Combat ships were designated starting with "S38". It was the main weapon of the German fleet in the war. The armament of the boats was as follows:

• two torpedo tubes with two to four missiles;
• two thirty-millimeter anti-aircraft weapons.

The highest speed of the vessel is 42 knots. 220 ships were involved in the battles of World War II. The German boats at the battle site behaved bravely, but not recklessly. In the last few weeks of the war, the ships were used to evacuate refugees to their homeland.

Germans with a keel

In 1920, despite the economic crisis, an inspection of the operation of keelboats and keelboats was carried out in Germany. As a result of this work, the only conclusion was made - to build exclusively keelboats. When Soviet and German boats met, the latter won. During the fighting in the Black Sea in 1942-1944, not a single German boat with the keel was not sunk.

Interesting and little-known historical facts

Not everyone knows that the Soviet torpedo boats that were used during World War II were huge floats from seaplanes.

In June 1929, aircraft designer Tupolev A. began construction of a planing vessel of the ANT-5 brand, equipped with two torpedoes. The tests carried out showed that the ships have a speed that ships of other countries could not develop. The military authorities were pleased with this fact.

In 1915, the British designed a small boat with enormous speed. Sometimes it was called a “floating torpedo tube.”

Soviet military leaders could not afford to use Western experience in designing ships with torpedo carriers, believing that our boats were better.

The ships built by Tupolev were of aviation origin. This is reminiscent of the special configuration of the hull and the skin of the vessel, made of duralumin material.

Conclusion

Torpedo boats (photo below) had many advantages over other types of warships:

• small size;
• high speed;
• greater maneuverability;
• small number of people;
• minimal supply requirements.

The ships could leave, launch a torpedo attack and quickly escape into sea ​​waters. Thanks to all these advantages, they were a formidable weapon for the enemy.

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Limbourg brothers. Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry. Delights and labors of the months. 15th century.

The “Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry” is an illuminated manuscript created for John, Duke of Berry mostly in the first quarter of the 15th century by the Limbourg brothers. Although not finished before the death of both the customer and the artists. So later it was also worked on probably by Barthélemy d"Eyck. The manuscript was brought to its present state by Jean Colombe in 1485-1489. The most famous part of it is known as “Delights and labors of the months.” It consists of 12 miniatures depicting months of the year and the corresponding everyday activities, most of them with castles in the background.

Letter to N.V. Gogol, July 15, 1847

Belinsky V.G. / N.V. Gogol in Russian criticism: Sat. Art. - M.: State. published artist lit. - 1953. - P. 243-252.

You are only partly right in seeing an angry person in my article: this epithet is too weak and gentle to express the state into which reading your book brought me. But you are completely wrong in attributing this to your really not entirely flattering reviews of admirers of your talent. No, there was a more important reason. The offended feeling of pride can still be endured, and I would have the sense to remain silent about this subject if the whole point was only about it; but one cannot bear the insulted feeling of truth, human dignity; one cannot remain silent when, under the cover of religion and the protection of the whip, lies and immorality are preached as truth and virtue. Yes, I loved you with all the passion with which a person, vitally connected with his country, can love its hope, honor, glory, one of its great leaders on the path of consciousness, development, progress. And you had a good reason to leave your calm state of mind, even for a minute, having lost the right to such love. I say this not because I consider my love to be the reward of great talent, but because, in this regard, I represent not one, but many persons, of which neither you nor I have seen the largest number and who, in turn, We've never seen you either. I am not able to give you the slightest idea of ​​the indignation that your book aroused in all noble hearts, nor of the cry of wild joy that all your enemies - both literary ones (the Chichikovs, Nozdryovs, Mayors, etc.) issued from afar, when it appeared. . p.), and non-literary ones whose names you know.

Upper Paleolithic by Zdenek Burian

Zdenek Burian: Reconstruction of Upper Paleolithic daily life

Cro-Magnons, early modern humans or Homo sapiens sapiens (50,000 - 10,000 years before present). Reconstruction of Upper Paleolithic daily life by Zdenek Burian, an influential 20th century palaeo-artist, painter and book illustrator from Czechoslovakia. The images represent an artistic rendition of the ideas used to circulate in the middle of the 20th century: what was it like for European early modern humans or Cro-Magnons to live during the last Ice Ages (from about 40,000 to 12,000 years before present ). Some of the concepts are put in today, some are still retaining their doubt value.

Years of decisions

Oswald Spengler: Years of Decisions / Trans. with him. V. V. Afanasyeva; General edition by A.V. Mikhailovsky.- M.: SKIMEN, 2006.- 240 pp.- (Series “In Search of the Lost”)

Introduction Hardly anyone waited as passionately as I did for the national revolution of this year (1933). From the very first days, I hated the dirty revolution of 1918 as a betrayal of an inferior part of our people in relation to another part of it - a strong, unspent one, resurrected in 1914, which could and wanted to have a future. Everything I wrote about politics after that was directed against the forces that, with the help of our enemies, had entrenched themselves at the height of our misery and misfortune in order to deprive us of the future. Every line was meant to contribute to their downfall, and I hope it did. Something had to come, in some form, to free the deepest instincts of our blood from this pressure, if we were to participate in the future decisions of world history, and not just be its victims. Big game world politics is not yet complete. The highest bids have yet to be made. For any living people we're talking about about his greatness or destruction. But the events of this year give us hope that this issue has not yet been resolved for us, that we will someday again - as in the time of Bismarck - become a subject, and not just an object of history. We live in titanic decades. Titanic means terrible and unfortunate. Greatness and happiness are not a couple, and we have no choice. No one living anywhere in this world today will become happy, but many will be able to follow the path of their lives in greatness or insignificance of their own free will. However, those who seek only comfort do not deserve the right to be present. Often the one who acts sees not far away. He moves without realizing the real goal.

The Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (RSFSR), the Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic (USSR), the Belarusian Socialist Soviet Republic (BSSR) and the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (TSSFSR - Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia) conclude this Union Treaty on unification into one union state - "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics" - on the following grounds. 1.

About the Russian peasantry

Gorky, M.: Berlin, I.P. Ladyzhnikov Publishing House, 1922

People whom I used to respect ask: what do I think about Russia? Everything I think about my country, more precisely, about the Russian people, about the peasantry, the majority of them, is very difficult for me. It would be easier for me not to answer the question, but I have experienced and know too much to have the right to silence. However, please understand that I am not condemning or justifying anyone - I am simply telling you what forms the mass of my impressions took. An opinion is not a condemnation, and if my opinions turn out to be wrong, it will not upset me. In essence, every people is an anarchic element; people want to eat as much as possible and work as little as possible, they want to have all the rights and not have any responsibilities. The atmosphere of lawlessness in which people have been accustomed to living since ancient times convinces them of the legality of lawlessness, of the zoological naturalness of anarchism. This applies especially closely to the mass of the Russian peasantry, who experienced a more brutal and prolonged oppression of slavery than other peoples of Europe. The Russian peasant has been dreaming for hundreds of years about some kind of state without the right to influence the will of the individual, on the freedom of his actions - about a state without power over man. In the unrealistic hope of achieving equality for everyone with unlimited freedom for everyone, the Russian people tried to organize such a state in the form of the Cossacks, the Zaporozhye Sich. Even to this day, in the dark soul of the Russian sectarian, the idea of ​​some fabulous “Oponsky kingdom” has not died; it exists somewhere “at the edge of the earth”, and in it people live serenely, not knowing the “Antichrist vanity”, the city, painfully tortured by the convulsions of cultural creativity.

Appeal to the Abkhaz people

Dear compatriots! The brotherhood of Abkhazians and Georgians dates back to time immemorial. Our common Colchian origin, genetic kinship between our peoples and languages, common history, common culture obliges us today to seriously think about the future destinies of our peoples. We have always lived on the same land, sharing both grief and joy with each other. For centuries we shared a common kingdom, worshiped in the same temple and fought common enemies on the same battlefield. Representatives of the most ancient Abkhaz families even today do not distinguish Abkhazians and Georgians from each other. The Abkhaz princes Shervashidze called themselves not only Abkhaz, but also Georgian princes; the Georgian language, along with Abkhaz, was the native language for them, as well as for the Abkhaz writers of that time. We were connected by the culture of “Vepkhistkaosani” and the ancient Georgian temples, decorated with Georgian inscriptions, those that still stand in Abkhazia today, captivating the viewer with their beauty. We were connected by Queen Tamar's bridge on the Besleti River near Sukhumi, and Nina, which preserves an ancient Georgian inscription, Bedia and Mokvi, Likhny, Ambergris, Bichvinta and many other monuments - witnesses of our brotherhood, our unity. Abkhaz in the minds of Georgians has always been a symbol of sublime, knightly nobility. This is evidenced by Akaki Tsereteli’s poem “Mentor” and many other masterpieces of Georgian literature. We are proud that it was the Georgian writer Konstantine Gamsakhurdia who glorified the Abkhaz culture and way of life, the valor and fortitude of the Abkhaz people throughout the world in his novel “The Abduction of the Moon”.

Upper Paleolithic reconstructions

Reconstructions of Upper Paleolithic daily life

From 50,000 to 10,000 years before present. Last Ice Age. Realm of Cro-Magnons and other early Homo sapiens sapiens: anatomically and more or less behaviorally modern humans. Consciousness, speech, art positively exist. It is very much debatable if Homo species other than Homo sapiens sapiens ever possessed them. Major world population is early Homo sapiens sapiens, but also some other species of Homo, more characteristic for previous epochs, Neanderthals and possibly even some subspecies of Homo erectus, coexisted for much of the period. Humans begin to populate Australia and Americas. First decisive evidence of spears used as projectile weapons. Invention of a tool to throw them faster and farther: spear-thrower. Bow seems to be invented only near the transition from the Upper Paleolithic to the Mesolithic. Control of fire, fire making including, is widespread. Pleistocene megafauna: iconic mammoths and woolly rhinoceros. Many of mammals common enough today exist in much larger forms: giant beavers, giant polar bears, giant kangaroos, giant deers, giant condors. Some in "cave" forms, like cave bears, cave lions, cave hyenas.

A Naturalist's Voyage Around the World on the Beagle

Darwin, Ch. 1839

Charles Darwin's voyage around the world on the Beagle in 1831-1836 under the command of Captain Robert Fitzroy. The main goal of the expedition was detailed cartographic survey of the eastern and western shores South America. And the bulk of the time of the Beagle's five-year voyage was spent precisely on these studies - from February 28, 1832 to September 7, 1835. The next task was to create a system of chronometric measurements in a sequential series of points around globe to accurately determine the meridians of these points. For this it was necessary to travel around the world. In this way, it was possible to experimentally confirm the correctness of the chronometric determination of longitude: to make sure that the determination by the chronometer of the longitude of any starting point coincides with the same determinations of the longitude of this point, which were carried out upon returning to it after crossing the globe.

The Effects of a Global Thermonuclear War

4th edition: escalation in 1988 By Wm. Robert Johnston. Last updated 18 August 2003. Introduction The following is an approximate description of the effects of a global nuclear war. For the purposes of illustration it is assumed that a war resulted in mid-1988 from military conflict between the Warsaw Pact and NATO. This is in some ways a worst-case scenario (total numbers of strategic warheads deployed by the superpowers peaked about this time; the scenario implies a greater level of military readiness; and impact on global climate and crop yields are greatest for a war in August ). Some details, such as the time of attack, the events leading to war, and the winds affecting fallout patterns, are only meant to be illustrative. This applies also to the global geopolitical consequences, which represents the author's efforts at intelligent speculation. There is much public misconception concerning the physical effects of nuclear war--some of it motivated by politics. Certainly the predictions described here are uncertain: for example, casualty figures in the U.S. are accurate perhaps to within 30% for the first few days, but the number of survivors in the U.S. after one year could differ from these figures by as much as a factor of four. Nevertheless, there is no reasonable basis for expecting results radically different from this description--for example, there is no scientific basis for expecting the extinction of the human species. Note that the most severe predictions concerning nuclear winter have now been evaluated and discounted by most of the scientific community. Sources supplying the basis for this description include the U.S.

Constitution (Basic Law) of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Adopted at the extraordinary seventh session of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the ninth convocation on October 7, 1977

The Great October Socialist Revolution, carried out by the workers and peasants of Russia under the leadership Communist Party led by V.I. Lenin, overthrew the power of capitalists and landowners, broke the shackles of oppression, established the dictatorship of the proletariat and created the Soviet state - a state of a new type, the main weapon for defending revolutionary gains, building socialism and communism. The world-historical turn of humanity from capitalism to socialism began. Having won the civil war and repelled imperialist intervention, the Soviet government carried out profound socio-economic transformations and put an end to the exploitation of man by man, class antagonism and national enmity. The unification of the Soviet republics into the USSR increased the strength and capabilities of the peoples of the country in building socialism. Public ownership of the means of production and true democracy for the working masses were established. For the first time in human history, a socialist society was created. A striking manifestation of the power of socialism was the unfading feat of the Soviet people, their Armed Forces, who won a historic victory in the Great Patriotic War. This victory strengthened the authority and international position of the USSR and opened up new favorable opportunities for the growth of the forces of socialism, national liberation, democracy and peace throughout the world. Continuing their creative activities, the working people of the Soviet Union ensured rapid and comprehensive development countries, improving the socialist system. The alliance of the working class, the collective farm peasantry and the people's intelligentsia, and the friendship of the nations and nationalities of the USSR were strengthened.

Cueva de las Manos

Cueva de las Manos. Some time between 11,000 and 7,500 BC.

The Cueva de las Manos in Patagonia (Argentina), a cave or a series of caves, is best known for its assemblage of cave art executed between 11,000 and 7,500 BC. The name of “Cueva de las Manos” stands for “Cave of Hands” in Spanish. It comes from its most famous images - numerous paintings of hands, left ones predominantly. The images of hands are negative painted or stencilled. There are also depictions of animals, such as guanacos (Lama guanicoe), rheas, still commonly found in the region, geometric shapes, zigzag patterns, representations of the sun and hunting scenes like naturalistic portrayals of a variety of hunting techniques, including the use of bolas.

Torpedo boats are fast, small-sized and fast vessels, whose main armament is self-propelled combat projectiles - .

The ancestors of boats with torpedoes on board were the Russian mine ships “Chesma” and “Sinop”. Combat experience in military conflicts from 1878 to 1905 revealed a number of shortcomings. The desire to correct the disadvantages of boats led to two directions in the development of ships:

1. Dimensions and displacement have been increased. This was done in order to equip the boats with more powerful torpedoes, strengthen artillery, and increase seaworthiness.
2. The ships were small-sized, their design was lighter, so maneuverability and speed became an advantage and the main characteristics.

The first direction gave birth to such types of ships as. The second direction led to the appearance of the first torpedo boats.

Mine boat “Chamsa”

The first torpedo boats

One of the first torpedo boats was created by the British. They were called the “40-pounder” and “55-pounder” boats. They very successfully and actively participated in the hostilities in 1917.

The first models had a number of characteristics:

• Small displacement of water - from 17 to 300 tons;
• A small number of torpedoes on board - from 2 to 4;
• High speed from 30 to 50 knots;
• Light auxiliary weapon - machine gun from 12 to 40 - mm;
• Unprotected design.

Torpedo boats of World War II

At the beginning of the war, boats of this class were not very popular among the participating countries. But during the war years their number increased 7-10 times. The Soviet Union developed the construction of light ships, and by the beginning of hostilities, the fleet had approximately 270 torpedo-type boats in service.

Small ships were used in conjunction with aircraft and other equipment. Besides main task- attacks on ships, boats had the functions of scouts and lookouts, guarded convoys off the coast, laid mines, attacked submarines in coastal areas. They were also used as a vehicle for transporting ammunition, discharging troops, and played the role of minesweepers for bottom mines.

Here are the main representatives of torpedo boats in the war:

1. England MTV boats, whose speed was 37 knots. Such boats were equipped with two single-tube devices for torpedoes, two machine guns and four deep mines.
2. German boats with a displacement of 115 thousand kilograms, a length of almost 35 meters and a speed of 40 knots. The armament of the German boat consisted of two devices for torpedo shells and two automatic anti-aircraft guns.
3. Italian MAS boats from the Balletto design organization reached speeds of up to 43-45 knots. They were equipped with two 450-mm torpedo launchers, one 13-caliber machine gun and six bombs.
4. The twenty-meter torpedo boat of the G-5 type, created in the USSR, had a number of characteristics: Displacement of water was about 17 thousand kilograms; Developed speed up to 50 knots; It was equipped with two torpedoes and two small-caliber machine guns.
5. Torpedo-class boats, model RT 103, in service with the US Navy, displaced about 50 tons of water, were 24 meters long and had a speed of 45 knots. Their armament consisted of four torpedo launchers, one 12.7 mm machine gun and 40 mm automatic anti-aircraft guns.
6. Japanese fifteen-meter torpedo boats of the Mitsubishi model had a small water displacement of up to fifteen tons. The T-14 type boat was equipped with a gasoline engine that reached a speed of 33 knots. It was armed with one 25-caliber cannon or machine gun, two torpedo shells and bomb throwers.

USSR 1935 – boat G 6

Mine boat MAS 1936

Torpedo-class ships had several advantages over other warships:

• Small dimensions;
• High speed abilities;
• High maneuverability;
• Small crew;
• Little supply requirement;
• The boats could quickly attack the enemy and also escape with lightning speed.

Schnellbots and their characteristics

Schnellbots are German torpedo boats from World War II. Its body was combined of wood and steel. This was dictated by the desire to increase speed, displacement and reduce financial and time resources for repairs. The conning tower was made of light alloy, had a conical shape and was protected by armored steel.

The boat had seven compartments:

1. – there was a cabin for 6 people;
2. – radio station, commander’s cabin and two fuel tanks;
3. – there are diesel engines;
4. – fuel tanks;
5. – dynamos;
6. – steering station, cockpit, ammunition depot;
7. – fuel tanks and steering gear.

By 1944, the power plant was improved to the diesel model MV-518. As a result, the speed increased to 43 knots.

The main weapons were torpedoes. As a rule, steam-gas G7a units were installed. The second effective weapon of the boats were mines. These were bottom shells of the types TMA, TMV, TMS, LMA, 1MV or anchor shells EMC, UMB, EMF, LMF.

The boat was equipped with additional artillery weapons, including:

• One MGC/30 stern gun;
• Two MG 34 portable machine gun mounts;
• At the end of 1942, some boats were equipped with Bofors machine guns.

German boats were equipped with sophisticated technical equipment to detect the enemy. The FuMO-71 radar was a low-power antenna. The system made it possible to detect targets only at close distances: from 2 to 6 km. FuMO-72 radar with a rotating antenna, which was placed on the wheelhouse.

Metox station, which could detect enemy radar radiation. Since 1944, the boats have been equipped with the Naxos system.

Mini schnellbots

Mini boats of the LS type were designed for placement on cruisers and large ships. The boat had the following characteristics. The displacement is only 13 tons, and the length is 12.5 meters. The crew team consisted of seven people. The boat was equipped with two Daimler Benz MB 507 diesel engines, which accelerated the boat to 25-30 knots. The boats were armed with two torpedo launchers and one 2 cm caliber cannon.

The KM type boats were 3 meters longer than the LS. The boat carried 18 tons of water. Two BMW gasoline engines were installed on board. The swimming apparatus had a speed of 30 knots. The boat's weapons included two devices for firing and storing torpedo shells or four mines and one machine gun.

Post-war ships

After the war, many countries abandoned the creation of torpedo boats. And they moved on to creating more modern missile ships. Construction continued to be carried out by Israel, Germany, China, the USSR and others. In the post-war period, boats changed their purpose and began to patrol coastal areas and fight enemy submarines.

The Soviet Union presented a Project 206 torpedo boat with a displacement of 268 tons and a length of 38.6 meters. Its speed was 42 knots. The armament consisted of four 533-mm torpedo tubes and two twin AK-230 launchers.

Some countries have begun producing mixed-type boats, using both missiles and torpedoes:

1. Israel produced the Dabur boat
2. China has developed a combined boat "Hegu"
3. Norway built the Hauk
4. In Germany it was "Albatross"
5. Sweden was armed with the Nordköping
6. Argentina had the Intrepid boat.

USSR torpedo boats

Soviet torpedo-class boats are warships used during the Second World War. These lightweight, maneuverable vehicles were indispensable in combat conditions; they were used to land airborne troops, transport weapons, minesweeping and laying mines.

Torpedo boats of the G-5 model, mass production of which was carried out from 1933 to 1944. A total of 321 ships were produced. The displacement ranged from 15 to 20 tons. The length of such a boat was 19 meters. Two GAM-34B engines of 850 horsepower were installed on board, allowing a speed of up to 58 knots. Crew – 6 people.

The weapons on board were a 7-62 mm DA machine gun and two 533 mm stern grooved torpedo tubes.

The armament consisted of:

• Two twin machine guns
• Two tube torpedo devices
• Six M-1 bombs

Boats of the D3 model 1 and 2 series were planing vessels. The dimensions and mass of displaced water were practically the same. The length is 21.6 m for each series, the displacement is 31 and 32 tons, respectively.

The 1st series boat had three Gam-34BC gasoline engines and reached a speed of 32 knots. The crew included 9 people.

The Series 2 boat had a more powerful power plant. It consisted of three Packard gasoline engines with a capacity of 3,600 horsepower. The crew consisted of 11 people.

The armament was practically the same:

• Two twelve-millimeter DShK machine guns;
• Two devices for launching 533-mm torpedoes, model BS-7;
• Eight BM-1 depth charges.

The D3 2 series was additionally equipped with an Oerlikon cannon.

The Komsomolets boat is an improved torpedo boat in all respects. Its body was made of duralumin. The boat consisted of five compartments. The length was 18.7 meters. The boat was equipped with two Packard gasoline engines. The ship reached a speed of up to 48 knots.

After the next regional ship modeling competition in the F-2A class, it was decided, together with students, to build a German torpedo boat. On one of the sites on the network, drawings were found according to which the model was built.
So the drawings on which the model is built

Model characteristics:
Length: 85 cm;
Two SPEED 320 type engines with homemade water cooling;
Speed ​​controller Veloci RS-M ESC 170A
Hardware Hitec 2.4GHz Optic 6.

It was decided to make the body of the model from fiberglass; first, a blank was made from which the matrix was removed.

Material for the blank: Pine keel strip 2 cm thick. Frames - plywood. The spacing between the frames is made of foam plastic (we call it “termite”). Then the blank was covered with fiberglass and puttied:

After puttingty and leveling all the jambs, the blockhead was painted.

The next step was to make the crust, for this it was necessary to smear the block with a separator and cover several layers with fiberglass. The separator used paraffin-based gasoline Galosh + paraffin. The first layer of fiberglass is 0.25 mm, the second layer of fiberglass matting I don’t know exactly the thickness.

The hairiness was left so that when the resin dried, another layer of fiberglass could be applied.

Unfortunately, I didn’t find a photo of the finished crust for gluing the body, but I think I’ll take a photo in the near future and post what happened. In the meantime, here is the freshly glued body of the model

a little fine-tuning of the side markings:
The weight turned out to be about 180 grams. I think not much for such a large body.

The next stage was gluing in a small number of frames to stiffen the hull and to make it easier to attach the deck:

Guides were marked along the frame, which gave complex contours to the deck (the deck has its own curvature) and for cruelty, there were slats glued in (into the groove).

The deck was made of a “sandwich” of fiberglass-cardboard-fiberglass. I can’t say for sure how it will perform in the future, but I think it’s worth experimenting with. fitting the deck and cutting in the necessary places:

The next step was gluing the deck and filling both the hull and the deck:

The part of the deck at the stern had not yet been secured because there would be little space for access to the installation of motors, rudders, and water cooling.

Improvisation with water cooling (a copper tube from a refrigerator first wound onto a pipe of the required diameter and then mounted on a motor):

After the body has been sanded, it should be covered with primer (a two-component automotive primer was used) which will allow filling in small scratches from the sandpaper and identifying “shortcomings” - unevenness of the body which, if possible, can be eliminated:

So, let's start marking the places for the stern tubes, the places where the rudders exit and the water intake for water cooling:

Perhaps in the future I will get rid of the protruding air intake tube. If you have any advice, write in the comments, I will be glad to receive criticism :)

In the meantime, let's start manufacturing torpedo tubes and superstructures:

The setting is made of tinned sheet metal. To convey “Impressions” I try to repeat the elements that the scale of the model allows me to do, as well as the materials and tools that I have (don’t judge strictly)

There are a lot of photographs of the superstructure manufacturing process, so I’ll post a few with a few comments:

The place where part of the torpedo apparatus enters the superstructure:

After soldering, I wash the seams with soap and water (since I use soldering acid)

I cut the windows on the superstructure using a drill with a diamond blade, it’s very convenient and much easier than cutting out with a small chisel, as I did in the good old days =)

Making a mast:

Adding realistic elements to the superstructure:

That's all for now, the superstructure is now primed to avoid metal corrosion.
Wait for the continuation...
Write comments..
Don't judge strictly :)

P.S. And this is my ship modeling laboratory:

MBOU DOD "Center for Children's Technical Creativity" Kansk