What happens if you take 2 pills. What happens if you take a lot of pills at one time? Why are energy drinks harmful?

It is necessary to follow certain rules in the storage of dosage forms. It is undesirable to store blisters without packaging or throw away the annotation before using the tablets. If there are children in the house, medicines should be stored in inaccessible places, for example, in the upper sections of closets.

Sometimes, a person, buying a drug in a pharmacy that is sold without a mandatory prescription, considers it practically harmless and abuses its use. The logical result of such actions is drug poisoning. However, poisoning can also occur from the illiteracy of a person who has not bothered to read the instructions for the drug. What will happen if you drink a lot of pills, or any other dosage forms?

Drug poisoning is characterized by a number of common symptoms. It is especially important to know the symptoms for parents who carelessly leave first-aid kits in accessible places where small children can easily open them. Common features are bouts of nausea, as well as vomiting, diarrhea, pain in the abdomen and convulsions. The person complains of disorientation and dizziness. There is drowsiness, palpitations, loss of consciousness is possible. In addition, drug poisoning may be accompanied by a lack of response to painful stimuli and light.

An overdose of drugs is extremely dangerous. In the absence of first aid, a lethal outcome is not ruled out. Usually, poisoning is diagnosed when taking a 10-fold dose of the drug. However, for young children, the dosage threshold is much lower. The most dangerous poisoning is nootropic drugs, sleeping pills, painkillers, antidepressants, beta-blockers, drugs that affect heart rate and blood pressure.

An overdose of sleeping pills causes a deep inhibition of the central nervous system, when sleep gradually passes into an unconscious state. In humans, breathing becomes shallow and often accompanied by wheezing. Narcotic poisoning can be distinguished by weakness, pallor of the skin, drowsiness. There is cyanosis of the lips, uneven breathing, pupils constrict. Possible vomiting, loss of consciousness.

Painkillers and antipyretic drugs cause expansion of capillary vessels, excitation and inhibition of the central nervous system, drowsiness, and unconsciousness. With a significant overdose, circulatory and respiratory arrest occurs.

As a matter of urgency, the victim must perform a gastric lavage until profuse vomiting occurs. In 3 glasses of water, stir 2 teaspoons of dry mustard or salt and force the person to drink the solution. Then, you need to give the person activated charcoal. Only 10 grams of the drug neutralizes an overdose of sleeping pills or aspirin. It is advisable to pre-grind activated carbon to a powder state. If the poisoning occurred as a result of taking a sedative, you can give the victim fresh tea, which contains stimulants. when a person is conscious, be sure to find out what drugs he was taking. This information will greatly help doctors and reduce the time to select the best treatment methods.

To reduce the risk of drug poisoning, you must follow a few simple rules. For example, it is not recommended to take several different drugs at the same time, since they may contain the same components. In this case, the likelihood of an overdose is high. It is strictly forbidden to use drugs with an expired expiration date. Before taking the drug, you must carefully read the instructions and check the prescription prescribed by your doctor. In case of discrepancy between the dosage recommended by the physician and the dosage indicated in the annotation, you should once again consult with a specialist.

When prescribing different drugs that need to be taken at the same time, you need to consult a therapist about their compatibility. If the drugs are incompatible, the doctor will definitely select an analogue.

If you suspect drug poisoning, first of all, you must immediately call an ambulance. Prior to the arrival of doctors, you should provide needed help. Often, the life of a person depends on the actions of relatives or acquaintances of the patient.

More than fifty years ago, paracetamol began to be massively used. Initially, it was positioned simply as an alternative to aspirin - it lowers the temperature, but does not have an irritating effect on the gastrointestinal tract. Now this drug is an integral part of any home first aid kit.

Its main properties are analgesic and antipyretic. Its anti-inflammatory effect is minimal. Therefore, it is accepted for symptomatic treatment. Usually used for febrile syndrome caused by infectious disease, as well as for various pains.

Side effects

In general, if the dose of paracetamol is within the normal range, the drug is slightly toxic. But with prolonged use develop side effects. Paracetamol has a particularly noticeable effect on the liver and kidneys.

Paracetamol has been used for a long time. Periodically, its safety is called into question, and studies are conducted. For example, a lecturer at the University of Illinois claimed that taking paracetamol by children provoked a 41% increase in the incidence of asthma. She conducted her research in 1970 to 1990, when America massively switched from aspirin to paracetamol.

The use of paracetamol by pregnant women also has its risks. Analgesics from this series can cause a violation of the development of the genital organs in boys. Therefore, paracetamol is contraindicated in pregnant women in the third trimester and newborns up to a month old.

Dose of paracetamol by age

Adolescents and adults are usually prescribed paracetamol 500 mg 4 times a day. In this case, the maximum daily dose of paracetamol should not exceed 4 g. Interval between doses: four to six hours.

Pregnant women paracetamol can be used with caution, one-time. Babies, before the age of three months, should not drink it at all.

From 6 to 12 months the same single dose - 80 mg, but 2 - 3 times a day.

Its high efficiency combined with low price have made it very popular in our country. However, due to serious side effects, it is recommended to use this medicine with extreme caution. Poisoning with analgin can cause even a small overdose of it, which is especially severe cases may result in death. Most developed countries the sale of analgin is prohibited due to its side effects since the 70s of the twentieth century. In Russia, this drug is used, but it has been excluded from the list of Essential Medicines since 2009.

Side effects of analgin

Analgin renders Negative influence on the hematopoietic organs, kidneys. It can also cause allergic reactions, up to anaphylactic shock.

The most dangerous is the effect of analgin on the composition of the blood. When it is taken, the level of white blood cells - leukocytes, which perform a protective function, neutralizes pathogens that have entered the body, decreases. There is also a decrease in the number of platelets responsible for blood clotting.

A drop in the level of leukocytes leads to a weakening of the immune system, which becomes unable to control the microflora that lives on the mucous membranes. As a result, the mucous membranes of the mouth, gastrointestinal tract, genitals, liver, lungs are inflamed, and then affected by ulcers and necrosis, Bladder. Agranulocytosis develops - a dangerous disease in which a fatal outcome occurs quite often. It is precisely because of the danger of developing agranulocytosis that the sale of metamizole sodium was banned in the USA, Japan, Australia, and most European countries.

Complications of agranulocytosis can be:

• pneumonia;
• liver damage - toxic hepatitis;
• necrotic enteropathy is an intestinal lesion in which there is a high risk of intestinal perforation, leading to peritonitis and sepsis.

A decrease in the level of platelets - thrombocytopenia - creates a risk of internal bleeding, hemorrhage in the brain.

The negative impact of this medicinal product on the kidneys is manifested by such violations of their functions as the appearance of protein in the urine, a decrease in the amount of urine, up to the complete cessation of its production. Inflammation of the kidneys - nephritis may develop.

These side effects are more likely to occur with an overdose of analgin, but in cases of individual intolerance, even after a single dose of this medication, drug agranulocytosis may develop, or allergic reactions such as angioedema, bronchospastic syndrome, anaphylactic shock may occur, which in 10-20% of cases ends in death. outcome.

Causes of analgin intoxication

Is it possible to get poisoned with analgin? Of course, and the consequences of this poisoning can be the most severe, up to fatality. The cause of analgin poisoning is most often its overdose - systematic or single, but other factors may also occur:

• individual intolerance;
• an overdose of analgin due to its immoderate intake with prolonged pain;
• simultaneous administration with drugs that increase the toxicity of analgin: oral contraceptives, tricyclic antidepressants, allopurinol, cytostatics, thiamazole, other non-steroidal analgesics;
• disorders in the liver and kidneys. In this case, the drug cannot be excreted from the body in a timely manner, and its concentration increases above the permissible values;
• an overdose of analgin in children can occur when medicines are stored in places accessible to children.

Clinical picture of intoxication

In acute analgin poisoning, the following symptoms are usually observed:

• nausea, vomiting;
• abdominal pain;
• drop in body temperature and blood pressure;
• rapid heartbeat (tachycardia);
• drowsiness;
• dyspnea;
• the appearance of disorders of consciousness, delirium;
• convulsions, difficulty breathing;
• bleeding of mucous membranes;
• decreased urine production;
• there may be signs of liver and kidney failure;
• symptoms of acute agranulocytosis may appear: sore throat, weakness, fever up to 39-40 ° C, stomatitis, putrid odor from oral cavity spasm of the larynx.

First aid

If symptoms of an overdose of analgin appear, you should immediately call ambulance. Before her arrival, the patient must be induced to vomit, then give him activated charcoal in the amount of 1 tablet for every 10 kg of weight. Since one of the possible complications of an overdose of analgin is necrotic enteropathy, an enema cannot be given because of the risk of intestinal perforation. To cleanse the intestines, it is recommended to use a saline laxative.

If the patient has lost consciousness, it is necessary to lay him on his side, in order to avoid retraction of the tongue, and try to return him to a conscious state, allowing him to inhale vapors of ammonia.

Treatment

An overdose of analgin is treated in a hospital. The patient is shown:

• gastric lavage;
• bowel cleansing with saline laxatives;
• receiving activated charcoal;
• the use of forced diuresis;
• in case of impaired renal function - hemodialysis;
• with convulsive syndrome - therapy with anticonvulsants (barbiturates, diazepam).

After symptom relief acute poisoning the patient is examined and additional treatment of identified diseases caused by an overdose of analgin is prescribed.

Prevention

Analgin is one of the most effective painkillers and antipyretics among non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. This drug is easily soluble in water and is rapidly absorbed, which is a valuable quality if you need to quickly achieve the required concentration of its active substance in the blood.

However, despite all the advantages, given the side effects and consequences of an overdose of dipyrone, it is better to minimize its use, replacing it, if possible, with other, less dangerous drugs.

Permissible doses

Analgin is available in tablets and ampoules, can be administered intramuscularly or intravenously. It is taken orally after meals. Adults are allowed to take 0.25-0.5 g three times a day, with severe pain the maximum daily dose is not more than 3 g.

Dosage for children - no more than 10 mg / kg three times a day. In infancy, only intramuscular administration is permissible to relieve febrile syndrome.

In the form of injections (intramuscular or intravenous) (with severe pain), the dose for adults is 1-2 ml 2-3 times a day of a solution of 50% or 25% concentration. The total daily dose is not more than 2 g. For children, the norm is calculated based on the proportion of 0.1-0.2 ml of a 50% concentration solution or 0.2-0.4 ml of a 25% solution per 10 kg of weight.

The lethal dose of analgin, depending on body weight, can be 5-8 g. To find out how many tablets contain a lethal dose, this amount must be divided by the mass of the active substance in one tablet. After the intake of analgin in such an amount, prevention lethal outcome possible only in case of emergency medical care. It must be remembered that even if the recommended dosage is observed, analgin is not recommended to be taken for a long time.

Contraindications

An important condition for the prevention of analgin poisoning is the strict observance of contraindications to the use of this medication. These include:

• individual intolerance, as well as a tendency to allergic reactions, hay fever, atopic bronchial asthma;
• diseases of the hematopoietic system, leukopenia, anemia;
• kidney disease, including a history;
• liver / kidney failure;
• asthma;
• pregnancy (especially the first 3 and last 1.5 months);
• breast-feeding;
• the first 3 months of a child's life;
• alcoholism.

Also, contraindications include treatment with medications that are poorly compatible with analgin. These include indirect anticoagulants, hormonal contraceptives, tricyclic antidepressants, and many other drugs.

Precautionary measures

Individual intolerance to analgin is rare, but such individuals are highly likely to develop anaphylactic shock, especially when administered intravenously, so people prone to allergic reactions are advised to avoid injections of analgin.

When treating with analgin for a long period of time, it is necessary to periodically do a clinical blood test to monitor the level of leukocytes and platelets.

When taking analgin, you should be aware of the danger of developing agranulocytosis and carefully monitor changes in your well-being. The appearance of symptoms such as difficulty swallowing and sore throat, a rise in temperature without apparent reason, the appearance of bleeding and inflammation of the mucous membranes, signs of stomatitis, vaginitis, proctitis. All these conditions require examination and immediate refusal to take this drug.

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The consequences of an overdose of analgin

Analgin, or metamizole sodium, is used as an antipyretic and analgesic agent. It is produced as a monopreparation under various trade names, as well as as part of complex products. And the consumer who does not have medical or pharmaceutical education, often does not know about it and can increase the daily dose of metamizole sodium, resulting in an overdose of analgin, which will cause death.

Causes of metamizole sodium poisoning

Analgin poisoning is possible in the case of:

• if you drink a lot of analgin accidentally or deliberately, for example, a child, a mentally ill person can find and eat pills, you can mix up the medicine or dosage, take several full or partial analogs of metamizole sodium at the same time, or deliberately take the drug with the aim of suicide or staging it;
• excessive use of an analgesic to relieve chronic pain, analgin poisoning can occur when taken in large doses for more than a week;
• taking the drug in severe pathologies of the liver and kidneys, since the active substance is destroyed when passing through the hepatic barrier and excreted from the body with urine, but in diseases of these organs, they do not cope with their function and, as a result, the amount of metamizole sodium in the blood increases;
• simultaneous administration with certain medications, so the toxicity of analgin increases if it is taken together with other non-narcotic analgesics, sedatives and tranquilizers, tricyclic antidepressants, hormonal oral contraceptives, allopurinol, radiopaque agents, plasma-substituting fluids and antibiotics of the penicillin series.

Lethal dose of analgin

Analgin, taken in a therapeutic dose, can cause the death of the patient. Death can occur as a result of an allergic reaction (especially when the drug is administered intravenously), the development of impaired renal and hepatic function, and bronchospasm.

The lethal dose of analgin for a person can be 5-20 g. This dosage depends on body weight, on concomitant diseases of the liver and urinary system, the method of administration of the drug, the parallel intake of other medications and other factors.

Analgin is available in dosages of 0.5 g, and for some, 10 tablets can already be fatal. It is especially dangerous to drink a pack of dipyrone for preschool or early childhood children. school age, as they have low body weight and overdose symptoms develop faster.

If you get poisoned with analgin, then you can die from infectious complications, which proceed atypically and are hardly given therapy. Less commonly, the cause of death of a patient can be acute renal or hepatic failure, paralysis of the respiratory muscles. The cause of death may be internal hemorrhage.

The clinical picture of analgin intoxication

Symptoms for acute and chronic metamizole sodium poisoning will differ. If an overdose of analgin is observed, then the hematopoietic organs, liver, kidneys and sometimes the lungs suffer first of all. With the abuse of the drug in the blood, the level of leukocytes and platelets decreases.

Leukocytes are responsible for the state of the immune system, when their level drops, pathogenic bacteria begin to multiply, which provokes the development of inflammation of the mucous membranes. On the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, stomatitis, gingivitis, periodontitis, frequent tonsillitis can be observed, when it spreads to the digestive organs, ulcerations of the mucous membrane of various organs of the gastrointestinal tract develop, starting from the stomach and ending with the lower intestines.

In addition, the bronchopulmonary system may suffer from inflammation.

With a decrease in the level of platelets, increased bleeding is observed, in severe cases, bleeding may open, including internal ones.

The first signs of chronic intoxication will be the formation of long-term non-healing sores in the mouth. Then the respiratory organs may suffer, a person has constant inflammation of the pharyngeal mucosa, bronchi and trachea, which are difficult to treat.

In the presence of concomitant lung diseases, prolonged poisoning with metamizole sodium can provoke bronchospasm, which is characterized by attacks of coughing and dyspnea even in the absence of physical exertion.

In chronic intoxication, urinalysis will show proteinuria and bacteriuria. If the liver suffers from an overdose, then bilirubinemia is observed in the blood. In this case, the skin and sclera turn yellow, itching appears.

Acute overdose of dipyrone can have symptoms:

• dyspeptic disorders (nausea, vomiting);
• pain in the stomach;
• decrease in the amount of urine excreted;
• decrease in body temperature and blood pressure;
• cardiopalmus;
• dyspnea;
• noise in ears;
• hypersomnia;
• a sharp decrease in the level of leukocytes and, as a result, weakening of the immune system;
• delirium, disorder of consciousness;
• internal bleeding;
• severe pathologies of the liver and kidneys;
• spasms;
• paralysis of the respiratory muscles.

Providing first aid and methods of therapy

It must be remembered that there is no specific antidote for an overdose of analgin. Treatment is symptomatic. The victim should definitely call an ambulance and be taken to the hospital. Before the arrival of doctors, it is necessary to induce artificial vomiting. To do this, the patient is given a drink of clean boiled water and pressed on the root of the tongue.

It must be remembered that it is impossible to provoke vomiting in infants, women in position, the elderly and patients who are unconscious.

In case of vomiting small child, to reduce the risk of inhalation of vomit, it must be placed face down on your lap. It is also worth taking adsorbents, for example, smectite, polysorb. You can give the victim a laxative or an enema.

In no case should you give antiemetic drugs, such as, for example, cerucal. Vomiting helps to remove the drug from the body, and when it stops, the level of the active substance in the blood increases and, therefore, its toxicity.

When admitted to the hospital, they may prescribe:

• gastric lavage through a probe;
• siphon enema;
• forced diuresis, the essence of which is to accelerate the excretion of urine from the body, and therefore the drug;
• hemodialysis;
• when a bacterial infection is attached, antibiotics are prescribed latest generation or reserve drugs;
• in the event of seizures, diazepam or barbiturates are injected into the vein;
• carry out symptomatic therapy.

Consequences of metamizole sodium poisoning

An overdose of analgin can have different consequences, depending on the duration and severity of intoxication, the speed of first aid, the presence of concomitant pathologies, and the age of the victim.

The following effects may be observed:

• death from an overdose of metamizole sodium;
• development of disorders of the liver and kidneys;
• hemorrhages in internal organs with subsequent disorder of their function, the severity of which depends on the severity of the damage;
• due to disturbances in the functioning of the immune system, private infectious diseases.

Features of an overdose of metamizole sodium and first aid for children

The development of drug intoxication in children is most often observed when the dosage is incorrectly calculated. As a rule, acute drug overdoses are observed in pediatrics, cases of chronic poisoning are rare.

Signs of intoxication in children are the same as in adults, but the danger is that they can grow too quickly. The younger the child, the faster spasms appear, and loss of consciousness is observed. Therefore, in case of an overdose, you need to call an ambulance as soon as possible.

Before her arrival, if the child did not have time to swallow all the tablets, then get them out of his mouth. Give drink adsorbent. It can be activated charcoal, neosmectin. A child over 5 years of age, if he is conscious, induce vomiting. Before the arrival of doctors, a baby under 5 years old should be given water to drink, giving it in small portions. You can give your baby milk. It will help to reduce the rate of adsorption of the drug. Feeding a child with metamizole sodium poisoning is prohibited.

Without succumbing to panic, collect things for hospitalization, which cannot be refused. Any pharmaceutical drug can become a poison. Knowledge clinical picture intoxication will help to timely notice a threat to health, and possibly life. Timely assistance to the victim can prevent the development of serious consequences, and it is also possible to prevent the death of the patient from an overdose of any medication, including those based on metamizole sodium.

To prevent the occurrence of poisoning in a child, it is necessary to store medicines in an inaccessible place, and even better under lock and key. Explain to older children that medicines should not be touched. It is also unacceptable to take medication without a doctor's prescription. Compliance with these rules will help maintain health and life.

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Poisoning with Analgin - symptoms, treatment and consequences of an overdose

Analgin (metamisole sodium) is a white crystalline powder with a yellowish tinge, belonging to the group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Its action is based on blocking the synthesis of prostaglandins, which ensures the attenuation of the inflammatory process and a decrease in the intensity of the pain syndrome.

The main pharmacological effects of metamizole sodium include:

• anesthesia;
• antipyretic action;
• anti-inflammatory action.

Metamizole sodium is the basis of such medicines as Baralgin, Pentalgin, Anapirin. The drug is available in tablet and injection form (ampouled solution with a concentration of 50% or 25%). The injection form is often used to prepare a lytic mixture:

• Analgin 2 ml 50% solution;
• Papaverine 2 ml 2% solution;
• Diphenhydramine 1 ml 1% solution.

With proper use, Analgin is an effective and highly effective drug. He is appointed at elevated temperature body, pains of any origin and localization, inflammatory processes. However, the toxicity of the drug is quite high, so a violation of the rules of admission leads to the development of a clinic of acute poisoning.

Mechanism of poisoning and therapeutic dosages

There may be several reasons for an overdose of Analgin. The most common is taking the drug in doses that are significantly higher than therapeutic in the following cases:

• suicide attempts;
• Illiterate attempts at self-treatment;
• Repeated repeated use in the absence of effect after taking a therapeutic dosage;

Also, problems arise when using Analgin in combination with other drugs that have a similar effect. You can not take the drug in combination with drugs such as:

IN rare cases problems arise when taking Analgin in a general therapeutic dosage in case of impaired renal function. When this happens:

• Slow elimination of the drug;
• Accumulation in the body of high doses of metamizole sodium;
• Poisoning with Analgin.

Analgin in case of overdose has a neurotoxic effect, while there is a violation of the vestibular apparatus, the mechanism of neuromuscular transmission, higher nervous functions. It is also possible to disrupt the processes of hematopoiesis, malfunctions of the liver, kidneys and other internal organs.

The following dosages of Analgin are considered safe (that is, you can drink a day) in various dosage forms:

By weight, but not more than 2-3 times a day

In pediatrics, an enema with Analgin solution can also be used. The dose of the drug in this case is 0.25 g (1/4 tablet).

When prescribing metamizole sodium to elderly patients, as well as people suffering from renal insufficiency, therapeutic dosages are reduced - the doctor decides on this based on clinical examination and data on the rate of excretion of drugs by the kidneys.

Symptoms of an overdose of Analgin

The consequences of acute overdose are manifested in the form of:

• dizziness;
• general weakness;
• nausea;
• vomiting;
• Noise in the ears;
• Heaviness in the head;
• Psychomotor agitation;
• tachycardia;
• Paleness of the skin;
• Hypothermia.

In severe cases, the patient may experience convulsions that capture the respiratory muscles, the urine becomes pink or red. Cyanosis is noted, the patient plunges into a coma, which can reach 4-5 points on the Glasgow scale.

Long-term use of high doses of Analgin is also harmful to the body - the processes of hematopoiesis are inhibited, which results in agranulocytosis and granulocytopenia. In addition, the drug has a negative effect on the gastrointestinal tract, it is possible to develop gastritis, stomach and intestinal ulcers, disruption of the production processes of hydrochloric acid in the stomach.

Diagnosis of hematopoietic disorders is performed laboratory method. Pathology of the gastrointestinal tract manifests itself in the form of:

• heartburn;
• Pain in the epigastric region;
• Belching;
• Bloating
• Hungry pains with ulcers;
• Digestive disorders;
• Signs of gastrointestinal bleeding.

Both the acute form of an overdose of Analgin and long-term chronic intoxication with it can lead to the development of allergic reactions that occur in various forms:

• Urticaria - small rashes, accompanied by itching;
• Allergic edema is a pronounced swelling of one or another part of the body, which develops due to hypersensitization;
• Anaphylactic shock is the most severe form of an allergic reaction that occurs with a sharp drop in blood pressure, centralization of blood circulation, impaired cardiac and respiratory activity.

Allergic reactions are not always associated with taking large doses of the drug. With existing hypersensitivity, 1 tablet is sufficient for the development of allergies.

First aid

Acute overdose of Analgin requires immediate qualified assistance.

• The patient is given to drink water (up to 0.5 liters);
• Provoke vomiting by pressing fingers on the root of the tongue;
• Evaluate vomit for the presence of tablets that have not had time to dissolve in them;
• Repeat the procedure several times;
• Washing can be considered complete after the patient begins to vomit with clean water.

The above method of detoxification is unacceptable in case of confused or absent consciousness, psychomotor agitation of the patient, and swallowing disorders. In the absence of consciousness, the victim is laid on his side and left in this position until the arrival of doctors.

The medical assistance provided by the SMP team consists in gastric lavage with a thick gastric tube, the introduction of enterosorbents at the rate of 1 tablet of crushed activated carbon per 10 kg of body weight. Often there is a need to prescribe Relanium (convulsive syndrome), drugs that increase blood pressure (hypotension), antiemetics (continuous vomiting). Further, urgent hospitalization in the intensive care unit is required.

Incessant vomiting usually occurs if the patient took analgin and alcohol at the same time. Such a phenomenon often becomes saving for the patient, since alcohol, provoking vomiting, helps to remove pills from the stomach even before the ambulance arrives. Clinics of severe poisoning do not develop.

Treatment

The main principle of the treatment of acute poisoning is the speedy removal of the xenobiotic from the patient's body. In modern clinical practice, the following types of detoxification are most actively used.

forced diuresis

The patient is injected with a large amount, up to 4-5 liters, of saline solutions and plasma substitutes, which increases the volume of circulating blood. After that, a loop diuretic (furosemide) is injected into dozemg. The poisonous substance is actively excreted by the kidneys, while strict control of diuresis, regular examination of hematocrit, acid-base balance, and electrolytes are necessary.

stool stimulation

Almost any dangerous toxicant after absorption is re-excreted into the intestinal lumen. This makes the method of active detoxification by stimulating the stool relevant. As a laxative, castor oil is used (up to 400 ml per dose), a solution of magnesium sulfate 25% (take the right amount at a time), intestinal lavage. The latter is an introduction into the stomach a large number(up to 8-10 liters per procedure) of saline enteral solution, which fully flushes the intestines and “draws” fluid from internal environments organism.

Antidote therapy

There is no specific antidote for analgin. As an antidote, a universal adsorbent is used - activated carbon at a dose of up to 1 kg for the entire course of treatment. With methemoglobinemia, 400 ml of sodium hypochlorite is administered intravenously.

Hemodialysis

Severe consequences of metamizole sodium poisoning require hemodialysis, a procedure based on filtering blood through a semipermeable membrane. In this case, a double-lumen venous catheter is inserted into the patient's femoral vein. Blood sampling is carried out through one exit, return - through the second. In parallel with the procedure, the patient undergoes a massive infusion of saline solutions (Akkusol, Duosol).

resuscitation allowance

The harm of Analgin is often so great that the patient needs resuscitation. The indication for the transfer of the patient to intensive care is:

• Lack of consciousness and coma;
• convulsive syndrome;
• Violation of urination up to anuria;
• Signs of violation of the processes of blood formation;
• Severe psychosomatic disorders;
• Allergy to Analgin, some of the symptoms of which can be life-threatening.

Patients in serious condition are intubated and transferred to artificial respiration, on which they can be for a long time. A permanent urinary catheter is installed to control diuresis, the patient is connected to a monitor that displays the main vital parameters.

Forecasts

In the absence of qualified medical care, an acute overdose of Analgin in most cases ends in death. Timely and competent detoxification allows saving the life of the patient, however, it is not always possible to prevent the delayed effects of intoxication. They may appear several years after the patient is discharged.

A dose of more than 5 grams of metamizole sodium, taken as a single dose, is considered lethal. In this case, resuscitation assistance is often ineffective and the patient dies. The exception is patients with high body weight - in this case, the lethal dose increases.

At correct use metamizole sodium practically does not harm the body. However, if errors are made in calculating the dose and number of doses, Analgin can cause irreparable harm to human health.

Symptoms of an overdose of analgin and first aid for poisoning

Analgin or metamizole sodium is a classic analgesic with pronounced antipyretic properties, actively used to this day mainly in the CIS countries and the Russian Federation.

The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug non-selectively blocks cyclooxygenase and reduces the production of prostaglandins, in addition, it has a low cost and is available in free pharmacy sales.

Excessive use of analgin can cause a number of problems, pathologies and acute conditions. Consider what happens if you drink a lot of analgin (painkiller) tablets and how to determine an overdose.

How does analgin affect the body?

As mentioned above, metamizole sodium systemically blocks COX, and also slows down the production of arachidonic acid and prostaglandins, simultaneously prevents pain impulses and increases heat transfer.

Analgin practically does not irritate the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract, has little effect on water and salt metabolism, but at the same time, in addition to analgesic and antipyretic, it also has an antispasmodic effect of moderate intensity, mainly on the biliary and urinary tract. The therapeutic effect begins to appear 30 minutes after oral administration of the drug and reaches an absolute maximum after 4 hours, after which it is excreted by the kidneys, after being metabolized in the liver.

Symptoms of an overdose of analgin

Consider what happens if you drink a lot of analgin (painkiller) tablets. An overdose of analgin can be both acute (develops 3-5 hours after ingestion) and delayed chronic (negative manifestations are formed after 3 days).

Primary manifestations include:

• Nausea and vomiting;
• dizziness, tinnitus and confusion;
• General weakness of the whole organism;
• Tachycardia, sometimes bradycardia;
• Paleness of the skin;
• Psychomotor agitation;
• Hypothermia.

In severe forms of overdose with metamizole sodium, a change in the color of urine is noted (it manifests bloody issues), systemic convulsions affecting, among other things, the respiratory muscles, cyanosis, individual cases- coma.

The chronic type of overdose is characterized by a gradual increase in negative symptoms with multiple disorders in the gastrointestinal tract (heartburn, bloating, pain syndrome, malfunctions of digestion, gastrointestinal bleeding), failure of hematopoiesis processes (granulocytopenia and agranulocytosis), allergic reactions (edema, urticaria, anaphylactic shock), renal or hepatic insufficiency.

First aid for adults and children

In case of an overdose of analgin, the victim should be provided with comprehensive first aid. Classic activities for adults and children include:

• Immediate induction of vomiting. It is carried out if no more than a minute has passed after the use of the drug. The best option- the use of 1-2 liters of liquid and pressure on the root of the tongue in order to induce a reflex;
• The use of sorbents. After the maximum possible emptying of the stomach, it is necessary to use direct sorbents (for example, activated charcoal) in the calculation of grams of the substance one-time (for children, the dosage is reduced by 2 times) and 10 grams every 4-5 hours for 1 day;
• Call an ambulance. If acute analgin poisoning is suspected, before all events, it is necessary to promptly call a team of doctors to the house;
• Enema. As an addition to the main measures after 2-3 hours after an overdose and in the absence of emergency medical care, you can apply a saline enema (1 teaspoon of salt per 1 liter of boiled water at room temperature) to remove toxins formed in the intestines;
• Monitoring the patient's condition. The victim is laid on his side (to reduce the likelihood of suffocation or choking with vomit) and is under observation until the arrival of the medical team. In case of loss of consciousness, cotton wool with ammonia is used. In the absence of breathing or heartbeat, basic resuscitation measures (chest compression and artificial respiration) are carried out.

Recovery of the body after an overdose

After providing first aid and the arrival of a medical team, in case of acute analgin poisoning, a decision can be made to hospitalize the victim in a hospital. The doctors of the intensive care unit carry out the following procedures for the treatment and recovery of the body:

• Systemic gastric lavage. It is carried out if less than 4-6 hours have passed after taking the drug. If necessary, repeat several times;
• Connection to condition monitoring tools. In the case of a severe overdose of the victim, constant monitoring of the main vital signs is required;
• Diuresis. Forcing urination allows you to quickly remove from the body as a whole and the kidneys in particular, the products of the metabolism of metamizole sodium;
• Hemodialysis. It is aimed at removing toxic products of the breakdown of analgin from the bloodstream by an extrarenal method;
• Preparations. Medications that support the basic functions of the body can be used - anticonvulsants (Relanium), "fast" barbiturates, antihypotensives, antiemetics, and so on. As an addition - laxatives that activate the elimination of toxins through defecation;
• Complementary Therapy. It is used at a late stage of treatment - hepatoprotectors, antibiotics (with the manifestation of secondary bacterial infections), glucocorticosteroids (neutralization of too strong an inflammatory process), antihistamines (fight against allergic manifestations), probiotics and prebiotics (restoration of the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract), droppers with saline and glucose, as well as physiotherapy.

Consequences of an overdose of analgin and complications

An overdose of analgin tablets can cause a number of both acute and chronic complications, as well as long-term consequences for the body, requiring additional complex therapy and recovery. Possible consequences:

• Urinary system. Oliguria, anuria, interstitial nephritis, as well as impaired functioning of the kidneys and liver, up to their complete insufficiency in the stage of decompensation, are diagnosed;
• Allergic and autoimmune reactions. The most common manifestations are urticaria and angioedema. Less often - Lyell's syndrome, malignant type of exudative erythrema, bronchospastic syndrome and anaphylactic shock;
• The cardiovascular system. Persistent decrease in blood pressure, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, agranulocytosis, hemorrhages in the heart and other organs (brain, intestines, kidneys, etc.);
• Chronic infectious lesions of the secondary type;
• Lethal outcome after an overdose of analgin;
• Other explicit and implicit complications caused by systemic intoxication, violation of basic functions in acute period(for example, breathing) and failure of metabolic processes.

Dosage of analgin for adults and children

Consider how many tablets of analgin can be drunk at a time. Classical recommended dosages of the drug depending on the age group:

• From 10 to 14 years old with a body-kilogram weight. Single dose of 500 milligrams of metamizole sodium (or 1 tablet). Daily dose - up to 2 thousand milligrams of analgin (or 4 tablets);
• From 15 years and older with a body weight of over 53 kilograms. A single dose is from 500 to 1 thousand milligrams (1-2 tablets). Daily dose - up to 4 thousand milligrams (8 tablets);
• Over 60 years old. The dosage for adults is reduced by 2 times.

Is it possible to die from analgin? The lethal dose of analgin in tablets varies over a very wide range and depends on the characteristics of human metabolism, the presence of a number of diseases, current state organs (in particular, the kidneys and liver), the presence of parallel intake of other medications, the method of administration of the drug and other factors.

As modern medical practice, a high probability of death in the absence of prompt correct first aid and complex intensive care in a hospital occurs with a single use of 5-20 grams of metamizole sodium.

Can I take expired analgin?

Generally accepted medical rules prohibit the use of any medications after the expiration date of their validity - they are subject to disposal in the prescribed manner. Given the low cost of the drug, it is better to throw away the expired tablets or ampoules, replacing them with new ones purchased from the official pharmacy chain.

However, in some cases (for example, the need for the most urgent administration of the drug into the body or the presence of a person in a hard-to-reach place without the possibility of acquiring the drug), the use of expired analgin may be justified.

As clinical practice shows, with careful observance of storage conditions (dark place, complete isolation and tightness of the package, correct temperature regime storage) metamizole sodium after the expiration of the period of use recommended by GOSTs retains its therapeutic properties for another 6-8 years. Moreover, in the process of oxidation and destruction of a substance during its very long storage, no obvious toxic compounds are formed.