Speech etiquette formulas of greeting. Basic speech etiquette formulas

Speech etiquette is a system of requirements (rules, norms) that explain to us how to establish, maintain and break contact with another person in a certain situation. The norms of speech etiquette are very diverse; each country has its own peculiarities of communication culture. speech etiquette - a system of rules It may seem strange why you need to develop special rules of communication, and then adhere to them or break them. And yet, speech etiquette is closely related to the practice of communication; its elements are present in every conversation. Compliance with the rules of speech etiquette will help you competently convey your thoughts to your interlocutor and quickly achieve mutual understanding with him. Mastering Etiquette verbal communication requires acquiring knowledge in the field of various humanitarian disciplines: linguistics, psychology, cultural history and many others. To more successfully master communication culture skills, they use such a concept as speech etiquette formulas. Formulas of speech etiquette Basic formulas of speech etiquette are learned in early age when parents teach their child to say hello, say thank you, and ask for forgiveness for mischief. With age, a person learns more and more subtleties in communication, masters different styles of speech and behavior. Ability to correctly assess a situation, initiate and maintain a conversation with stranger, competently expressing one’s thoughts distinguishes a person of high culture, educated and intelligent. Speech etiquette formulas are certain words, phrases and set expressions used to three stages conversation: the beginning of the conversation (greeting/introduction) the main part the final part of the conversation The beginning of the conversation and its completion Any conversation, as a rule, begins with a greeting; it can be verbal and non-verbal. The order of greeting also matters: the youngest greets the elder first, the man greets the woman, the young girl greets the adult man, the junior greets the elder. Let us list in the table the main forms of greeting the interlocutor: Forms of greeting in speech etiquetteForm of greeting Example Wishes of health Hello! Indication of meeting time Good afternoon! Emotional wishes Very glad! Respectful form My respect! Specific form I wish you good health! At the end of the conversation, formulas for ending communication and parting are used. These formulas are expressed in the form of wishes (all the best, all the best, goodbye), hopes for further meetings (see you tomorrow, I hope to see you soon, we’ll call you), or doubts about further meetings (goodbye, farewell). The main part of the conversation Following the greeting, the conversation begins. Speech etiquette provides three main types of situations in which different speech formulas communication: solemn, mournful and work situations. The first phrases spoken after the greeting are called the beginning of the conversation. There are often situations when the main part of the conversation consists only of the beginning and the ending of the conversation that follows. formulas of speech etiquette - stable expressions A solemn atmosphere, the approach of an important event suggest the use of speech patterns in the form of an invitation or congratulations. The situation can be either official or informal, and the situation determines what formulas of speech etiquette will be used in the conversation. Examples of invitations and congratulations in speech etiquetteInvitation Congratulations Let me invite you Let me congratulate you Come, we will be glad Accept our congratulations I invite you On behalf of the team, congratulations May I invite you With all my heart, congratulations The mournful atmosphere in connection with events that bring grief implies condolences expressed emotional, not on duty or dry. In addition to condolences, the interlocutor often needs consolation or sympathy. Sympathy and consolation can take the form of empathy, confidence in a successful outcome, and be accompanied by advice. Examples of condolences, consolation and sympathy in speech etiquetteCondolence Sympathy, consolation Let me express my deepest condolences I sincerely sympathize I bring you my sincere condolences As I understand you I sincerely sympathize with you Don’t lose heart I grieve with you Everything will be okay I share your grief You shouldn’t worry so much What misfortune has befallen you! You need to control yourself. In everyday life, the work environment also requires the use of speech etiquette formulas. Brilliant or, conversely, improper performance of assigned tasks can become a reason for gratitude or censure. When carrying out orders, an employee may need advice, for which it will be necessary to make a request to a colleague. There is also a need to approve someone else’s proposal, give permission for implementation or a reasoned refusal. Examples of requests and advice in speech etiquetteRequest Advice Do me a favor, do... Let me give you advice If it doesn’t bother you,... Let me offer you Don’t think it’s difficult, please... You’d better do it this way Can I ask you I would like to offer you I kindly ask you I would advise you The request should be extremely polite in form (but without ingratiation) and understandable to the addressee, the request must be made delicately. When making a request, it is desirable to avoid negative form, use affirmative. Advice should be given uncategorically; giving advice will be an incentive to action if it is given in a neutral, delicate form. Examples of consent and refusal in speech etiquetteConsent Refusal Now it will be done I am unable to help you Please, I do not object I cannot fulfill your request I am ready to listen to you Now this is impossible Do as you see fit I am forced to refuse you For fulfilling a request, providing a service, helpful advice It is customary to express gratitude to your interlocutor. Also important element in speech etiquette is a compliment. It can be used at the beginning, middle and end of a conversation. Tactful and timely, it lifts the mood of the interlocutor and encourages a more open conversation. A compliment is useful and pleasant, but only if it is a sincere compliment, said with a natural emotional overtones. Examples of gratitude and compliments in speech etiquette Gratitude Compliment Let me express my gratitude You look great The company expresses gratitude to the employees You are so smart I am very grateful to you for... You are an excellent conversationalist Thank you very much You are an excellent organizer

More on topic 28 Speech etiquette formulas used in oral communication:

1. 31. Speech etiquette as a set of rules of speech behavior when communicating with native speakers. Techniques for introducing students to foreign speech etiquette.

The basis of speech etiquette is speech formulas, the nature of which depends on the characteristics of communication.

Any act of communication has a beginning, a main part and a final part. In this regard, speech etiquette formulas are divided into three main groups: 1) speech formulas related to the beginning of communication; 2) speech formulas used at the end of communication; 3) speech formulas characteristic of the main part of communication.

1. Start of communication. If the addressee is unfamiliar to the subject of speech, then communication begins with acquaintance. Moreover, it can occur directly or indirectly. According to the rules good manners It is not customary to enter into a conversation with a stranger and introduce yourself. However, there are times when this needs to be done. Etiquette dictates following formulas:

– Let me get to know you (you).

- I would like to meet you (you).

- Let me get to know you.

- Let's get acquainted.

When visiting an institution, office, office, when you have a conversation with an official and you need to introduce yourself to him, the following formulas are used:

– Let me introduce myself.

– My last name is Kolesnikov.

- Anastasia Igorevna.

Official and informal meetings of acquaintances, and sometimes strangers start with a greeting. In Russian the main thing is greetings – Hello. Along with this form, a common greeting indicating the time of the meeting is: Good morning!; Good afternoon!; Good evening! In addition to commonly used greetings, there are greetings that emphasize the joy of meeting, respectful attitude, and the desire to communicate: (I am very glad to see you!; Welcome!; My regards.

2.End of communication. When the conversation ends, the interlocutors use formulas for parting and stopping communication. They express a wish (All the best to you! Goodbye!); hope for a new meeting (Until the evening (tomorrow, Saturday). I hope we will not be apart for long. I hope to see you soon); doubt about the possibility of meeting again (Farewell! It’s unlikely that we’ll be able to meet again. Don’t remember it badly).

3. After the greeting, a business conversation usually begins. Speech etiquette includes several beginnings, which are determined by the situation. Three situations are most typical: 1) solemn; 2) mournful; 3) working, business.

The first includes public holidays, anniversaries of the enterprise and employees; receiving awards; opening an office, store; presentation; conclusion of an agreement, contract, etc.

For any special occasion or significant event, invitations and congratulations follow. Depending on the situation (official, semi-official, informal), invitations and greeting cliches change.

Invitation: Let me (let me) invite you...;

Come to the celebration (anniversary, meeting...), we will be glad to see you,”

Congratulation: Please accept my (most) heartfelt (warm, ardent, sincere) congratulations...; On behalf of (on behalf of)… congratulations…; Heartily (warmly) congratulations...

A sad situation is associated with death, death, murder and other events that bring misfortune and grief. In this case, condolences are expressed. It should not be dry, official. Formulas condolences, as a rule, are stylistically elevated and emotionally charged: Allow me (allow me) to express (to you) my deep (sincere) condolences. I offer (you) my (accept mine, please accept my) deep (sincere) condolences. I share (understand) your sadness (your grief, misfortune).

The listed beginnings (invitation, congratulations, condolences, expressions of sympathy) do not always turn into business communication, sometimes the conversation ends with them.

In everyday business settings (business, work situations), speech etiquette formulas are also used. For example, when summing up the results of work, when determining the results of selling goods or participating in exhibitions, when organizing various events, meetings, the need arises to thank someone or, conversely, to reprimand or make a remark. At any job, in any organization, someone may have the need to give advice, make a proposal, make a request, express consent, allow, prohibit, or refuse someone.

Let's give speech clichés, which are used in these situations.

Expression of gratitude: Let me (let me) express my (great, great) gratitude to Nikolai Petrovich Bystrov for the excellent (excellent) organized exhibition; The company (directorate, administration) expresses gratitude to all employees for…

Note, warning: The company (directorate, board, editorial office) is forced to issue a (serious) warning (remark)…; To (great) regret (chagrin), I must (force) make a remark (condemn) ...

Often people, especially those endowed with power, consider it necessary to express their proposals and advice in a categorical form; All (you) are obliged (must)...; I strongly (persistently) advise (suggest) to do...

Advice and suggestions expressed in this form are similar to orders or instructions and do not always give rise to a desire to follow them, especially if the conversation takes place between colleagues of the same rank.

Making a request should be delicate, extremely polite, but without excessive ingratiation: Do me a favor, fulfill (my) request...; Don’t consider it a labor, please take it...

Consent and permission are formulated as follows:

– (Now, immediately) will be done (completed).

- I agree, do (do) as you think.

When refusing, the following expressions are used:

– (I) cannot (unable, unable) to help (allow, assist).

- Sorry, but we (I) cannot (can) fulfill your request.

– I am forced to prohibit (refuse, not allow).

An important component of speech etiquette is compliment. Said tactfully and at the right time, it lifts the mood of the recipient and sets him up for a positive attitude towards his opponent. A compliment is said at the beginning of a conversation, during a meeting, acquaintance, or during a conversation, when parting. A compliment is always nice. Only an insincere compliment, a compliment for the sake of a compliment, an overly enthusiastic compliment are dangerous.

The compliment refers to appearance, testifies to the excellent professional abilities of the addressee, his high morality, gives an overall positive assessment:

– You look good (excellent, wonderful, excellent, magnificent, young).

– You are (so, very) charming (smart, quick-witted, resourceful, reasonable, practical).

– You are a good (excellent, wonderful, excellent specialist (economist, manager, entrepreneur, partner).

- WITH It’s a pleasure (good, excellent) to do business with you (work, cooperate).

You-and-you-communication

As noted above, speech etiquette is nationally specific. For example, a feature of the Russian language is the presence of two pronouns in it - You And You, which can be perceived as second person forms singular. The choice of one form or another depends on social status interlocutors, the nature of their relationships, and the official/informal setting.

According to customary etiquette in Russia, the pronoun You should be used: 1) when addressing an unfamiliar addressee; 2) in an official communication setting; 3) with an emphatically polite, restrained attitude towards the addressee; 4) to an older (by position, age) addressee. Pronoun You used: 1) when talking with a well-known person with whom friendly relations have been established; 2) in an informal communication setting; 3) with a friendly, familiar, intimate relationship with the addressee; 4) to a younger (by position, age) addressee.

In an official setting, when several people take part in a conversation, Russian speech etiquette recommends even with a well-known person with whom you have established friendly relations and everyday communication in You, Go to You.

Some people, especially those in a higher position than their interlocutor, use the form You, deliberately emphasizing, demonstrating his “democratic”, “friendly”, patronizing attitude. Most often, this puts the recipient in an awkward position and is perceived as a sign of disdain, an attack on human dignity, and an insult to the individual.

Appeal

One of the important and necessary components of speech etiquette is address. It is used at any stage of communication, throughout its entire duration, and serves as its integral part. At the same time, the norm for using the address and its form have not been definitively established, cause controversy, and are a sore point of Russian speech etiquette.

Currently appeal sir, madam is perceived as the norm at Duma meetings, in television programs, at various symposia and conferences. Among civil servants, businessmen, and entrepreneurs, the norm is becoming sir, madam in combination with the surname, position title, title.

Appeal comrade continue to be used by the military, members of communist parties, as well as in many factory teams. Scientists, teachers, doctors, lawyers prefer words colleagues, friends. Appeal respected, respected found in the speech of the older generation. Words female Male, which have become widespread in the role of communication, violate the norm of speech etiquette, and indicate insufficient culture of the speaker. In this case, it is preferable to start a conversation without references, using etiquette formulas: please..., please..., excuse me..., excuse me...

The problem of commonly used address remains open. It will be solved only when everyone learns to respect himself and treat others with respect, when he learns to defend his honor and dignity, when he becomes an individual, when it doesn’t matter what position he holds, what his status is. It is important that he is a citizen of the Russian Federation.

IN business communication When addressing the addressee, his official position, field of activity, and degree of personal acquaintance are taken into account. The most general conversion formula, which can be used regardless of the listed factors, is: Dear Sir…(surname)! Madam…(surname)! Dear Sirs!

When contacting officials supreme and central authorities state power and management, presidents (chairmen) of societies, companies, firms may contact With indicating the position and without the surname, for example: Dear Mr. President! Dear Mr. Chairman! Dear Mr. Mayor!

In invitation letters and notices it is allowed to address by name and patronymic: Dear Vladimir Andreevich!

When addressing persons of the same professional circle, it is possible to address: Dear Colleagues! Rules business etiquette require: if the text of a document begins with a formula of personal address to the addressee, then at the end of the text, before the signature, there must be a final formula of politeness Sincerely.

Apology

There are many different apology formulas: Sorry, please. Sorry.

I'm sorry, I heard that the holidays are in Dzhanhot best vacation on the sea. I apologize. Let me apologize. Don't be mad at me for what I did. Sorry (sorry), I'm to blame for you. I have caused you a lot of trouble, etc. The speaker chooses one of these expressions depending on the situation of communication, on the addressee. The interlocutor who accepted the apology must respond to it in order to smooth out the awkwardness of the situation: Please. Not worth it. Nothing.

Approval, compliment

A person always needs approval for his actions. This can be done using the following constructions: Good! Wonderful! Wonderful! Well done! Good girl! You did the right thing. If you value your interlocutor and are interested in contacts with him, give him the compliment he deserves: You good man! You draw well. You good taste. It’s a pleasure to communicate with you, etc. He will certainly respond in kind and thank you: I can say the same about you. Thank you.

Gratitude

Gratitude is a response to an invitation, congratulation, or wish. The most common formula for gratitude is thank you. In addition to this method, you can use other expressions, for example: Thank you

thank you for..., Thank you for..., I am very grateful to you for..., I am very grateful to you for..., Please accept my gratitude but..., I owe you a lot for..., I owe you I would like to thank you for..., You are very kind (attentive). I am touched by your attention, etc. The response to gratitude should be: Please. My pleasure. Do not mention it. Always at your service. It was my pleasure to help you.