Maned wolf or guar. One Genetic Secret Red wolf with black tail

The rarest member of the wolf family, the red wolf once inhabited much of the eastern United States, from Pennsylvania to Texas. However, in the 20th century, due to extermination, habitat destruction and hybridization with coyotes, red wolves were on the verge of extinction. Their range was first reduced to the extreme southwest of Louisiana and southeast Texas, and by the end of the 70s of the XX century, red wolves completely disappeared in nature, and only individuals remained in zoos and nurseries. Since 1988, work has been underway to return red wolves to natural environment habitats - in the Great Smoky Mountains in North Carolina and Tennessee.

Appearance

Red wolves differ from their closest relative, the gray wolf, in their smaller size. The red wolf is slimmer, with longer legs and ears, and shorter fur. However, it is larger than a coyote: its body length is 100-130 cm, tail - 30-42 cm, height at the withers - 66-79 cm. Adult males weigh 20-41 kg, females, as a rule, are 1/3 lighter.

The color of the fur is red, brown, gray and black. The back is usually black. The muzzle and limbs are reddish, the end of the tail is black. The red coloration from which the species got its name was predominant among the Texan populations. Red fur also dominates in winter. The annual molt occurs in summer.

Lifestyle and nutrition

In terms of lifestyle, the red wolf is close to the common wolf. Initially, they lived in forests, on swampy lowlands and on coastal prairies; were nocturnal. Red wolves are now being repopulated in hard-to-reach mountainous and swampy areas.

Packs of red wolves are smaller than those of gray wolves; they consist of a family (breeding) couple and their offspring, both young and grown. Sometimes families get bigger. There are practically no manifestations of aggression in the family, however, family members are unfriendly towards unfamiliar wolves.

The food of the red wolf is predominantly rodents (including nutrias and muskrats), rabbits and raccoons; occasionally a flock catches a deer. In addition to the diet are insects and berries, as well as carrion.

In turn, red wolves can become victims of other wolves, including relatives from other packs, alligators or cougars. Young animals are preyed upon by predators such as bobcats.

reproduction

Red wolves live in families in which only dominant pairs breed. A pair, like other wolves, is created for a long time. The remaining members of the group help raise the offspring and bring food for lactating wolves.

The breeding season runs from January to March. Pregnancy lasts 60-63 days; in a litter, on average, 3-6 puppies (rarely - up to 12), which are born in the spring. Female dens are arranged in pits under fallen trees, in sandy slopes, along river banks. Both parents are engaged in offspring; puppies become independent at 6 months.

The average life expectancy of a red wolf in nature is 8 years; in captivity, they lived up to 14 years.

Population status

Traditionally, there were three subspecies of the red wolf, two of which have become extinct.

• Canis rufus floridanus extinct by 1930
• Canis rufus rufus declared extinct in 1970,
• Canis rufus gregoryi extinct in nature by 1980.

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Notes

An excerpt characterizing the Red Wolf

Scientific name: Canis lupus rufus Audubon
Common name:
English–Red Wolf
Species Authority: Audubon & Bachman, 1851

Is under the threat of extinction. Appearance see the description of the wolf. The length of the body including the tail is 140-165 cm. The length of the tail is 34-42 cm. The build is lighter than that of a wolf. Coloring hairline reddish brown, especially on the muzzle, ears and outer surfaces of the limbs. There are dark colored specimens.

By the time the first Europeans arrived in America, red wolves inhabited what is now the United States from Central Texas to Atlantic coast and from the Gulf of Mexico north to the Ohio Valley and Southern Pennsylvania. By the end of the 1970s, purebred red wolves were believed to have survived only in southeast Texas and the surrounding areas of Louisiana. They are probably gone by now.

Formerly inhabited by forests and coastal prairies. They currently live in coastal prairie swamps. Active at night. feed on small mammals: rabbits, squirrels, muskrats, as well as crustaceans and insects.

The decline in numbers is caused by habitat change and human persecution. Of particular danger is hybridization with coyotes. Deforestation and development of territories under Agriculture allowed coyotes to spread east from their original range and the once existing gap between coyotes and red wolves by the beginning of the 20th century. disappeared. Protected by law.

IUCN assessment information

Titles: red wolf, red wolf.

area: At the beginning of the last century, the natural range of the red wolf was limited to the southeastern United States - from Florida to east-central Texas, including southeastern Tennessee, Alabama, most of Georgia and Florida and further north to south Illinois. At present, the species has been reintroduced only in North Carolina over an area of ​​approximately 6000 km2.

Description: From their closest relative - the gray wolf, red wolves are smaller in size. The red wolf is slimmer, with longer legs and ears, and shorter fur. The annual molt occurs in summer. The red wolf is larger than the coyote.

Color: The color of the fur is red, brown, gray and black. The back is usually black. The muzzle and limbs are reddish, the end of the tail is black. The rufous coloration from which the species takes its name was predominant among the Texan populations. Red fur also dominates in winter.

Size: Body length is 100-130 cm, tail - 30-42 cm, height at withers - 66-79 cm.

Weight: Adult males weigh 20-40 kg, females are usually 1/3 lighter and weigh 18-30 kg.

Lifespan: In nature - 4 years; according to other sources - up to 13 years; in captivity, they lived up to 14-16 years.
Observations in areas of wolf reintroduction in 1993 showed that the survival of adult red wolves was about 50% after 3 years of their living in the wild.

Habitat: The species was apparently the most numerous in the former vast forests along the banks of the rivers and swamps of the southeastern United States, characterized by growth in upper tier pines, and in the lower tier - evergreen shrubs. Initially, red wolves had a wide historical distribution, where they used a wide range of habitat types. They lived not only in the forests on the swampy lowlands, but also on the coastal prairies. Red wolves are now being repopulated in hard-to-reach mountainous and swampy areas.

Enemies: Red wolves can become victims of other wolves (gray wolves, coyotes), including relatives from other packs. Young animals may be hunted large predators- alligators and bobcats.
Threats to the red wolf: loss of habitat due to human activity and illegal hunting, as well as competition and hybridization with coyote.

Food: In the past, the red wolf was able to take and eat any animal up to the size of a small deer. The food of the red wolf was mainly rodents (including nutrias and muskrats), as well as rabbits and raccoons; occasionally the pack managed to get pigs and white-tailed deer. In addition to the diet were insects and berries, as well as carrion.

Behavior: In terms of lifestyle, the red wolf is close to the common wolf. It is active at dusk and dawn, and during the winter, it may increase the time of its activity due to the day. Red wolves are very secretive and avoid people and places of his activity.
They hunt in packs. It has been established that a pack of red wolves, consisting of 11 different individuals, needs up to about 100 km 2 of territory in order to hunt and live normally. In one area, they usually hunt for about 7-10 days, and then move to another area.
Red wolves communicate with each other through a complex set of dynamic, tactile, chemical, and auditory (sound) signals. Body language, pheromones and vocalizations serve to convey information about the social and reproductive status of pack members and their mood. Social contact in a pack is often achieved through touch (tactile contact). Territory marking with scent marks is rarely used.

social structure: Red wolves are social animals that live in packs with complex social organization like a gray wolf. Packs are primarily family groups that consist of a breeding pair (family) and its offspring, both young and grown, usually five to eight animals. Flocks of red wolves are smaller than those of gray wolves. Sometimes families get bigger. The size of the flock changes and forms depending on the abundance of food. The hierarchy of dominant and subordinate animals within a pack is designed to ensure that the pack functions as a cohesive unit. There are practically no manifestations of aggression in the family, however, family members are unfriendly towards unfamiliar wolves.

reproduction: Red wolves live in families in which only the dominant (alpha) pair breeds, which, like other wolves, is created for a long time, and often for life. The remaining members of the group participate in the protection and education of offspring and bring food to the nursing she-wolf.
Female dens are arranged in pits under fallen trees, in hollow trunks, in sandy slopes and along river banks. Sometimes dens are dug by the wolves themselves, and often they are occupied by ready-made dens dug by other animals.
Interbreeding of the red wolf with the coyote was noted, which was recognized as the most significant and harmful threat to the red wolf population in natural habitats. Coyote reduction efforts are being actively pursued to conserve the wild red wolf population in northeastern North Carolina.

Season/breeding period: February March.

Puberty: Rarely at 10 months, usually at 22 - 46 months.

Pregnancy: Lasts 60-63 days.

Offspring: In a litter, on average, 3-6 puppies (rarely - up to 12), which are born in the spring. Offspring are engaged in both parents and all members of the flock.
Lactation lasts up to 8-10 weeks. Puppies become independent at 6 months.

Benefit / harm to humans: Red wolves are important as top predators in the ecosystems in which they live. Red wolves eat a lot of rodents, so they help regulate their numbers.
Red wolves were previously thought to be a serious threat to livestock. However, in reality, this threat was greatly exaggerated, although they may sometimes kill local animals.

Population/conservation status : The red wolf is listed in the International Red Book as Critically Endangered.
Until the middle of the XX century. red wolves were exterminated for attacks on livestock and game (accusations are greatly exaggerated). In 1967, the species was declared endangered (Endangered), and by 1980 the red wolf was considered extinct in nature, and in captivity by this time there were less than 20 individuals left, and then measures began to be taken to save it. In 1997, biologists already counted about 80 red wolves in two habitats. In addition, there were 160 animals living in captivity.
The entire current population of red wolves descended from 14 individuals kept in captivity. Now there are approximately 270 individuals in the world, 100 of which were released into the wild in North Carolina.
The red wolf is intermediate in many characteristics between gray wolves and coyotes.
Fossils discovered about 750,000 years old indicate that the red wolf may be a descendant of a relatively more primitive ancestor of the North American wolf, which existed here even before the appearance, as gray wolf, and the coyote.
Traditionally, there were three subspecies of the red wolf, two of which have become extinct.
Canis rufus floridanus extinct by 1930 Canis rufus rufus declared extinct in 1970, Canis rufus gregoryi extinct in nature by 1980.
Gorna Island, located 8 miles off the coast of the Mississippi, serves as the main breeding ground for red wolves in captivity with a view to their further reintroduction into the wild.

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Niramin - Sep 5th, 2015

Guara, aguarachai or maned wolf has unusual view, looks more like a big, long-legged fox than a wolf. IN Latin America in the canine family, the maned wolf is the largest representative.

It has a short body - about 125-130 centimeters, has a height of 74-87 centimeters at the withers, an allowable weight of 20 to 23 kilograms, larger ones are very rare. Strongly large ears and a short tail emphasize the disproportion of the body. In its color, a maned wolf is more reminiscent of a mountain wolf or a fox - almost all of its fur is red, the tail is light, it becomes white towards the end, it has a light spot on its throat, black stockings on its legs, and a black stripe from the scruff of the neck to the middle of the back, on where the coat is longer than in other areas. When a maned wolf is frightened or aggressive, the hair of the nape stands on end, visually adding volume to the animal, which is why the wolf got its name.

The maned wolf lives in South America, namely in Paraguay, eastern Bolivia, central, southern and southeastern Brazil. In other states, wolves are either extinct or are extremely rare.

Maned wolves rest during the day, and at night and at dusk there is a peak of activity. These are not flocking predators, a maximum of life in a pair is possible, but even here it was not without oddities - the male and female sleep and hunt separately in the territory, which is marked with feces and droppings. Hunting occurs most often on small animals (insects, rodents, birds), but the maned wolf can also eat food of plant origin. These animals swallow food almost entirely, without chewing due to weak jaws.

But despite the great resemblance, maned wolves and foxes are not related at all.

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RED WOLF(Canis rufus) is today the rarest representative kinds of wolves. Until the beginning of the 20th century, it was widespread in the southeastern United States, but its active extermination by man led to the almost complete destruction of the species. The remaining two dozen individuals were caught and placed in nurseries, where it was possible to create conditions for their reproduction. Today, the red wolf population reaches 300 individuals, some of which were released into their natural habitat in the state of North Carolina.
The main habitat of the species is hard-to-reach mountainous and swampy areas covered with woodlands. Smaller proportions distinguish it from its closest relative, the red wolf: its legs and ears are longer, and its fur is shorter. body length adult ranges from 100 to 130 cm, another 30-40 cm falls on the tail hanging down with a log, the height at the withers reaches 80 cm. Males are on average 10% larger than females. The color of the predator is dominated by gray-brown tones with an admixture of black and brown. The reddish hue of the coat, from which the wolf got its name, is especially clearly visible in winter period. Full molt occurs in summer. Sometimes this predator is mistakenly called, which is a representative of a completely different species.
leads predominantly night image life. Individuals live in small groups, consisting of a dominant pair and their offspring of different ages. Harmony reigns in intergroup relations, but predators are aggressive towards representatives of other clans. Animals use body language, pheromones, sounds, and touch to communicate with each other.
The mating season for the red wolf runs from January to March. After pregnancy, lasting 60-63 days, the female from the dominant pair brings an average of 3 to 6 puppies. Both the male and the female, as well as the rest of the pack, take part in the upbringing of the offspring. At the age of one year, wolf cubs become completely independent, at the same time they reach puberty.
Like all other representatives of the wolf family, the red wolf is a carnivore. The basis of its diet is rodents and small ungulates: raccoons, white-tailed deer, rabbits, wild boars, etc. Predators stay in one place for no more than 7-10 days, after which they move to another area to hunt. Red wolves themselves, in turn, can become victims of other predators: coyotes, lynxes, large birds of prey, alligators, and even relatives from other flocks. But the biggest danger for this beast was a man who almost completely exterminated this species. In nature, the red wolf lives for about 4 years; in captivity, a case was recorded when an individual lived for 14 years.

Read about other representatives of the animal world.