National parks of Poland. Poland invites tourists to its reserves. Belovezhsky National Park and its fauna

There are about twenty in Poland national parks, approximately one hundred landscape parks, as well as a large number of reserves and natural monuments. These include the Tatra mountain ranges, the untouched forest of the Bialowieza Forest, the purest Masurian lakes and the unique Biebrza swamps, by the way, they are the only ones of their kind in all of Europe.

There are seven national parks in the country on the UNESCO list. Entrance to all these parks is free, but there are rules for staying there. Let’s say that in some parks you can move only along trails; you can’t touch animals with your hands, but only take pictures, and then without a flash. The cost of entry to such a park is quite inexpensive, but a large number different types The representatives of flora and fauna are simply mesmerizing.

The most famous national park in the country is Belovezhsky national park together with the Belovezhskaya Pushcha of Belarus. This is the largest place in all of Europe where untouched forest has been preserved. Here you can find rare animals such as bison and tarpans. This park not only has rare species animals and vegetation, there are also many monuments of ancient Slavic culture.

There is another equally beautiful park near Warsaw. This is Kompino National Park. This park protects pine and oak forests, as well as swamps and meadows near the Vistula River. In these in protected areas home to many various types aquatic animals, as well as those that live near water. Here you can find badgers, moose, wood hens, waders and other animals. The peculiarity of this park is that this is the only place where the black stork lives, which is on the red book list.

On the coast Baltic Sea, Slavinsky National Park is located. This park protects pine forests on the Dunes, swamps and floodplain forests, near the Leba River and the local lakes Gardna and Lebskoe. There is a large number of fauna representatives here. Birds usually build their nests here. In addition, there is Observation deck, and there is also the opportunity to visit an interesting ethnographic museum.

At the same time, in the two countries of Poland and Slovakia there is a unique Tatra National Park. This park is considered special because it protects the mountain ranges of the Tatra Mountains. Also under its protection are forests, mountain meadows and other representatives of fauna and flora. By the way, in this reserve there is the most high mountain in Poland, it is called the red mountain, its height reaches 2498 meters.

Poland is home to a large number of different unique parks and reserves. The Bialowieza Nature Reserve, together with the Masurian Lakes, is vying to be included in the list of wonders of the world. A very large influx of tourists is observed in the Scandinavian park; usually, millions of people come there every year to admire the beautiful nature. All National parks Poland deserves a lot of attention, both from tourists and local residents. People from all over the world come to Poland to enjoy ancient forests and unique water and mountain ranges.

In Poland there are more than 20 national parks, at least 100 landscape parks, nature reserves and many natural monuments. These are the Tatra mountain ranges, virgin forests of the Bialowieza Forest, unique Masurian lakes, as well as the unique Biebrza swamps - the only ones of their kind in Europe. Seven of all national parks in Poland are included in the UNESCO heritage list.

Ojcowski National Park (Polish: Ojcowski Park Narodowy) is a national park in southern Poland. Located in Krakow County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, approximately 16 km north of Krakow, on the Krakow-Czestochowa Upland. It was created on January 14, 1956.

Polesie (Polish: Poleski Park Narodowy) is a national park in eastern Poland, in the Lublin Voivodeship, in the historical region of Polesie. The park was established in 1990 with an area of ​​48.13 km². Currently, the area of ​​the park is 97.62 km², of which 47.8 km² is occupied by forests;

Rostochanski (Polish: Roztoczański Park Narodowy) is a national park in south-eastern Poland, in the Lublin Voivodeship. The headquarters of the park is located in the town of Zwierzyniec. The park was founded in 1974 with an original area of ​​48.01 km².

Swietokrzyski National Park (Polish: Świętokrzyski Park Narodowy) is one of 23 national parks in Poland. Located in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. The park is located in the central part of the Świętokrzyskie Mountains and includes mountain system Lysogury with Lysitsa peak

Tatra National Park (Polish: Tatrzański Park Narodowy) is a national park in the southern part of Poland, on the border with Slovakia. Together with the national park of the same name in Slovakia, it forms a single protected natural area.

Ujście Warty (Polish: Park Narodowy Ujście Warty) is one of 23 national parks in Poland. It was created on June 19, 2001, making it the youngest park in the country. It is located in the Lubuskie Voivodeship, in the lower reaches of the Warta River, near its confluence with the Odra, which is the Polish-German border.

There are more than 20 national parks in Poland. About 10 of them are on the world list biosphere reserves. Today portal Poland24. comoffers a journey through five of the most unique natural parks Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Babiegorsky National Park is located in southern Poland, near the border with Slovakia. Founded in 1954, it covers the protected northern and southern part of the Babia Gura massif since 1933, from the Yalovetsky Pass to the Lipnitsky Pass. Initially, the area of ​​the reserve was more than 1,700 hectares; today it has grown to almost 3,500 hectares. The beauty and uniqueness of the flora and fauna of Babia Góra is unique. In the lower part, up to 1150 m above sea level, there is a fir-beech forest with a mixture of alder and fir; higher up are spruce forests with rowan trees. The mountainous hills of the reserve with small meadows are covered with green lichens and velvety mosses.

Babiegorsky National Park is a habitat for many species of plants and animals. From a flora point of view, this is one of the most interesting mountain ranges in the Beskids. The flora includes 700 species of vascular plants, 200 species of mosses, 100 species of liverworts, 250 species of lichens and about 120 species of algae. There are also a large number of high-altitude plant species here, ones that are not found anywhere else. There are about 170 species of vertebrates living here, including 6 species of fish, 6 species of amphibians (mainly newts), 5 species of reptiles, 115 species of birds and 38 species of mammals.

Nadvartsyansky Reserve is a protected area in west-central Poland, established in 1995. The park is spread over an area of ​​134.28 km 2 along the Warta River. The Nadwarciana Nature Reserve is considered one of the seven most important ornithological areas in Poland, a significant center in Europe. In 1995 international organization Bird Life International has named the park an "International Bird Area". The reserve contains 153 species of birds, including migratory ones, which accounts for 67% of the country's species wealth. Here live: gray herons, bitterns, night herons, swans and geese, rare species of ducks. The park is believed to be one of the last places in Europe where the endangered crake bird can still be seen.

The reserve is very rich in unique flora. More than 1,000 species of vascular plants grow here, 57 of which are protected by the state. In the park you can find white water lilies, yellow water lilies, carnations and many rare plants.

Campino National Park located near Warsaw and covers an area of ​​383 thousand hectares. It is one of the largest in Poland and is included in the UNESCO list. The park consists of three zones: a central zone (subject to compressed protection), a buffer zone (which is protected from urbanization, etc.) and a transition zone. Campino National Park is visited by a million tourists every year. At their disposal - 360 km tourist routes, also suitable for cycling.

On the territory of the park there is total 118 plant communities and there are more than 1,500 plant species. Pine forests predominate. Deciduous forests They grow mainly in swampy areas. Some trees are over 200 years old and reach considerable heights. The flora of Campino Park is rich and amazing: 125 plant species are under strict protection, 44 are under partial protection.

There are 3,000 species of animals recorded in the park, making up half of the entire Polish fauna. Here live: elk, roe deer, deer, lynx, wild boar, beaver, as well as foxes, badgers, hares, martens, weasels. By the way, elk is a kind of official trademark of the forest. The following birds nest in the park: gray crane, black stork, short-tailed snake eagle, gray heron, white-tailed eagle, corncrake, bittern and other birds.

Viger National Park located in northeastern Poland, in the Podlaskie Voivodeship. Vigry National Park is named after the largest body of water in the region - Lake Wigry. This reserve consists of several interesting areas: this is part of the Masurian Lakes and the Augustow Forest. The Poles themselves say about this region: “You’ve visited once and you can’t help but come back!”

The greatest interest among visitors to the park is Lake Wigry with its steep shores, indented by quiet, cozy bays. One of the main local attractions is located here - the Kameduli monastery, built in the 17th century. The lake is located on the path of the winding Charna-Khancha river, which, with its rapids and turns, resembles a mountain one. It, together with the Augustow Canal, is considered the most suitable for kayaking. Along the river you can see small villages and even lonely chapels.

In addition to Lake Wigry, in the reserve you can see a whole system of reservoirs, united by canals and rivulets. Some of these lakes are home to shy birds, so making loud noises is prohibited. In addition, local lakes are home to a large population of beavers. These animals live only in clean water, therefore, they are a living illustration of the ideal ecological state of the national park.

Vonvuz-Bolekhovitsky reserve - landscape reserve in Poland, which is located within the administrative boundaries of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship. The reserve is located in the lower part of the Bolechovica Valley among the rocky gorge from which it received its name. The reserve was founded on November 4, 1968 by decree of the Minister of Forestry and Wood Processing Industry. The area of ​​the reserve is 22.44 hectares. Its uniqueness lies in the fact that it is not the flora and fauna that are preserved here, but, first of all, the unique tectonic limestone structure.

On the territory there is a rocky gorge called “Bolechovice Gate” with numerous caves. Mixed tugai forest with rock meadows grow here and the Bolechówka spring flows with small waterfalls.

Since 2001, the reserve has been included in the European Natura 2000 program. Hiking and cycling trails pass through the reserve.

When Poland actively began preparations for joining the EU, it turned out that one of the conditions for this accession was the acceptance and state guarantee of a serious pan-European Nature 2000 Program. An all-Polish ecological system. The EU began to allocate funds for its implementation. The program recognizes the need to preserve and maintain nature for the sake of its integrity, and not for the purposes of its use by humans. The adoption of this program made it possible to remove protected lands from the jurisdiction of local authorities and recognize them national treasure with a ban on carrying out any economic activity, except for the creation of tourism infrastructure.

Poland's entire environmental protection fund already accounts for more than 32% of its territory, and the area of ​​national parks is 1%.

The country's ecosystem includes 23 national parks, and there is a project to create three more. 8 parks are registered as UNESCO heritage, and Belovezhye is declared as an object world heritage. Its vital activity and safety are ensured by two countries: Poland and Belarus.

What distinguishes the entire state ecosystem of national parks is that it includes virgin forests of the plains and swampy lowlands, sand dunes and highlands. The livelihoods of six high-mountain parks on the southern border are provided by Poland jointly with the Czech Republic and Slovakia.

The surface of Poland's national parks is divided into areas that differ in the method of nature conservation. There are areas of strict, active and landscape protection. The adjacent areas of the national park are considered a buffer zone of the national park. There may be areas in this zone where hunting is prohibited. National parks are open to the public, however, special territories, routes, roads and trails are allocated for the flow of tourists. Until April 30, 2004, the parks were controlled by the National Authority. On May 1, 2004, these responsibilities passed to the Ministry of the Environment (Department of Forestry, Nature Conservation and Landscape), and from January 19, 2007 to the Independent Department of Nature 2000 Territories and National Parks. Numerous research programs are carried out in Polish national parks. The parks are playing important role V environmental education society. The territories of national parks can be viewed, studied, and they are also open to tourism, which provides good development tourism infrastructure. Many parks have special routes and educational centers, as well as natural history museums.

	Name of the National Park	Year of creation	Symbol	Territory(km2)	Location	Notes
1.	Babiogórski Park Narodowy (Babiogórski National Park)	1954		33,91	Zavoya	UNESCO Biosphere Reserve
2.	Bialowieski Park Narodowy (Belovezhsky National Park)	1932		105,17	Bialowieza	UNESCO Biosphere Reserve included in the World Cultural and Natural Heritage List
3.	Biebrzański Park Narodowy (Biebrzański National Park)	1993		592,23	Osovets-Tverdza
4.	Bieszczadzki Park Narodowy (Bieszczady National Park)	1973		292,01	Ustrzyki Gorne	UNESCO Biosphere Reserve
5.	Park Narodowy Bory Tucholskie (National Park "Bory-Tucholskie")	1996		47,98	Khazhikovs	UNESCO Biosphere Reserve
6.	Drawieński Park Narodowy (Drawieński National Park)	1990		113,42	Dravno
7.	Gorczanski Park Narodowy (Gorczanski National Park)	1981		70,31	Poreba Wielka
8.	Park Narodowy Gór Stolowych (Table Mountains National Park)	1993		63,40	Kudowa-Zdroj
9.	Kampinoski Park Narodowy (Kampinos National Park)	1959		385,49	Isabelin	UNESCO Biosphere Reserve
10.	Karkonoski Park Narodowy (Karkonoski National Park)	1959		55,81	Elenya Gura	UNESCO Biosphere Reserve
11.	Magurski Park Narodowy (Magurski National Park)	1995		194,39	Krempna
12.	Narwianski Park Narodowy (Narwianski National Park)	1996		73,50	Kurovo
13.	Ojcowski Park Narodowy (Ojcowski National Park)	1956		21,46	Ojcow
14.	Pieniński Park Narodowy (Pieniński National Park)	1932		23,46	Koszczelisko nad Dunajec
15.	Poleski Park Narodowy (Poleski National Park)	1990		97,62	Urshulin	UNESCO Biosphere Reserve
16.	Roztoczański Park Narodowy (Roztoczański National Park)	1974		84,83	Zwierzyniec
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Poland's natural heritage is its natural landscapes. Poland is one of the few European countries, which has diverse territories and landscapes virtually untouched by humans.

Poland's national park system consists of 23 parks. Previously they obeyed Polish National Parks Authority (Polish Krajowy Zarząd Parków Narodowych), but in 2004 they were transferred Ministry of Security environment . Most national parks are divided into more and less strictly protected areas; in addition, they are surrounded by lower status conservation areas.

In 23 Polish national parks, covering an area of ​​300 thousand hectares, you can see rich wildlife and vegetable world, unique swamps, huge old forests, seaside dunes and herds of the largest animals in Europe - bison. Of particular value are the territories located in the north-eastern part of the country (“Green Lungs of Poland”) and the territory of Podkarpackie, where no one is surprised by the sight of wild animals.

Eight national parks: Babiegorski, Białowieża, Bieszczady, Kampino, Karkonoše, Polesski, Slowinski and Tatra are included in the List of World Parks biosphere reserves UNESCO, and Belovezhskaya Pushcha- on the List of World Heritage Sites.

In addition to national parks, the country has several hundred less large reserves and reserves. In addition, protective measures concern thousands more natural objects - individual trees (for example, thousand-year-old oaks belong to them), alleys, rocks, grottoes and caves, glacial boulders with a circumference of more than 10 m, etc. In total, national parks, reserves and individual protected sites occupy approximately 0.5% of the entire territory of the country.
Polish national parks are not just about magnificent nature, but also about a variety of cultural events that take place on the territory of almost every one of them.

List of national parks in Poland (year of status):

1. Babiegorsky National Park (Polish Babiogórski Park Narodowy) 1955
2. Bebrzhansky National Park (Polish Biebrzański Park Narodowy) 1993
3. Bieszczady National Park(Polish Bieszczadzki Park Narodowy) 1973
4. Belovezhsky National Park (Polish Białowieski Park Narodowy) 1947
5. Wielkopolska National Park(Polish Wielkopolski Park Narodowy) 1957
6. Viger National Park (Polish Wigierski Park Narodowy) 1989
7. Volinsky National Park (Polish Woliński Park Narodowy) 1960
8. Gorchansky National Park (Polish Gorczański Park Narodowy) 1981
9. Dravensky National Park (Polish Drawieński Park Narodowy) 1990
10. Kampinos National Park (Polish Kampinoski Park Narodowy) 1959
11. Karkonosze National Park (Polish Karkonoski Park Narodowy) 1959
12. Magur National Park (Polish Magurski Park Narodowy) 1995
13. Table Mountains National Park (Polish Park Narodowy Gor Stołowych) 1993
14. National Park "Bory Tukholskie" (Polish Park Narodowy Bory Tucholskie) 1996
15. National Park "Ustye Warta" (Polish Park Narodowy Ujście Warty) 2001
16. Narvyansky National Park (Polish Narwiański Park Narodowy) 1996