Biography of Koltsov Alexei Vasilievich summary. Koltsov Alexey Vasilievich - biography. Interesting facts from the life of the poet A. V. Koltsov

Education

Creation

Death of poet

Creation

Grave of A. V. Koltsov

Monuments to A. V. Koltsov

Addresses in Voronezh

Addresses in St. Petersburg

Biography

Family

Alexei Vasilyevich Koltsov was born in Voronezh in the family of Vasily Petrovich Koltsov (1775-1852), a buyer and cattle dealer (prasol), who was known throughout the district as an honest partner and a strict householder. A man of strong temper, passionate and addicted, the poet's father, not limited to his forefathers, rented land for sowing grain, bought forests for a log house, traded firewood, and was engaged in cattle breeding.

Alexei's mother was kind, but not educated, not even literate. He had no peers in his family: his sister was much older, and his brother and other sisters were much younger.

Education

From the age of 9, Koltsov learned to read and write at home, showing such abilities that in 1820 he was able to enter a two-year district school, bypassing the parish. Vissarion Belinsky wrote the following about the level of his education:

We do not know how he was transferred to the second grade, and in general what he learned in this school, because no matter how briefly we knew Koltsov personally, we did not notice any signs of an elementary education in him.

After a year and four months(second grade) at the school, Alexei was taken by his father. Vasily Petrovich believed that this education would be enough for his son to become his assistant. Alexei's job was to drive and sell livestock.

At the school, Alexey fell in love with reading, the first books he read were fairy tales, for example, about Bova, about Yeruslan Lazarevich. He bought these books with the money he received from his parents for treats and toys. Later, Alexey began to read various novels, which he took from his friend Vargin, who was also the son of a merchant. The future poet especially liked the works "A Thousand and One Nights" and "Cadmus and Harmony" by Kheraskov. After Vargin's death in 1824, Alexey Koltsov inherited his library - about 70 volumes. In 1825, he became interested in the poems of I. I. Dmitriev, especially "Ermak".

Creation

In 1825, at the age of 16, he wrote his first poem, Three Visions, which he later destroyed. The poem was written in imitation of Koltsov's favorite poet, Ivan Dmitriev.

Koltsov's first mentor in poetry was the Voronezh bookseller Dmitry Kashkin, who gave the young man the opportunity to use books from his library for free. Kashkin was direct, intelligent and honest, for which he was loved by the youth of the city. Kashkin's bookstore was a kind of club for them. Kashkin was interested in Russian literature, read a lot and wrote poetry himself. Apparently Koltsov showed him his first experiments. For 5 years, Koltsov used his library free of charge.

Somewhere in his youth, the future poet experienced a deep drama - he was separated from a serf girl whom he wanted to marry. This was reflected, in particular, in his poems "Song" (1827), "You do not sing, nightingale" (1832) and a number of others.

In 1827 he met the seminarian Andrei Srebryansky, who later became his close friend and mentor. It was Srebryansky who instilled in Koltsov an interest in philosophy.

The first publications of the young poet were anonymous - 4 poems in 1830. Aleksey Koltsov published his poems under his own name in 1831, when N. V. Stankevich, a famous poet, publicist and thinker, whom Koltsov met in 1830, published his poems with a short preface in Literaturnaya Gazeta. In 1835 - the release of the first and only collection during the life of the poet "Poems of Alexei Koltsov". On his father's business, he traveled to St. Petersburg and Moscow, where, thanks to Stankevich, he met V. G. Belinsky, who influenced him big influence, with Zhukovsky, Vyazemsky, Vladimir Odoevsky and Pushkin, who published Koltsov's poem "Harvest" in his journal Sovremennik.

After the release of the poems "The Young Reaper", "It's Time for Love" and "The Last Kiss", Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin became interested in Koltsov. He called main feature of these verses "a burning sense of personality."

While traveling on his father's business affairs, Koltsov met with different people, collected folklore. His lyrics glorified ordinary peasants, their work and their lives. Many poems became words to the music of M. A. Balakirev, A. S. Dargomyzhsky, M. P. Mussorgsky, N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov and many others.

Death of poet

• Alexei Koltsov often had quarrels with his father (especially in last years life); the latter had a negative attitude towards the literary work of his son.
• As a result of depression and prolonged consumption, Koltsov died at the age of thirty. three years in 1842.
• V. G. Belinsky wrote:

• The poet was buried at the Mitrofanevsky cemetery in Voronezh.

In 1846, the famous Russian actor of the era of romanticism, P. S. Mochalov, who knew A. V. Koltsov, published his poems in the journal Repertoire and Pantheon:

I came low
bowed
With a deep breath
and tear
Looked at the cross
and prayed
Rest your souls.
So here Koltsova
buried -
With you high dreams.
But believe - not all of you
forgot -
Boyana Russian, and you
Left to live in the hearts
of people
Your beautiful song.

Creation

Alexey Koltsov's early poetic experiments represent imitations of poems by Dmitriev, Zhukovsky, Pushkin, Kozlov, Kheraskov and other poets; in these works, the poet is only still groping for his own artistic style. But even among them there are already such poems in which it is impossible not to see the future songwriter. On the other hand, attempts to write in the spirit of book poetry are observed in Koltsov until his death, interspersed with songs, and even among the latter, some are closer to book forms than to that specific manner in which one can see the features of Koltsov's style. Another genre of Koltsov is thoughts, which are similar in form to his songs, and in content represent a kind of poetic philosophy. Having glimpsed the philosophical disputes of the capital's friends, mainly in Belinsky's circle, Koltsov tries to clarify the world's problems in his thoughts.

Criticism

• In 1856, in the fifth issue of the Sovremennik magazine, an article by N. G. Chernyshevsky was published, dedicated to the work of A. V. Koltsov
• According to the literary critic Yu. I. Aikhenvald

Memory

Grave of A. V. Koltsov

The grave of A. V. Koltsov is preserved in the Literary Necropolis near the Voronezh Circus. On the tombstone, the date of death of Alexei Vasilyevich is erroneously given. In fact, he died not on October 19, but on October 29.

Monuments to A. V. Koltsov

A bust of the poet was erected in Koltsovsky Square in 1868. A monument to the poet is also installed on Sovietskaya Square in Voronezh.

Voronezh State Academic Drama Theater named after A. V. Koltsov

In 1959, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, the Voronezh State Drama Theater was named after Alexei Vasilyevich Koltsov. A year before, the chief director of the theater, Firs Efimovich Shishigin, staged the play "Aleksey Koltsov" based on the story of the same name by V. A. Korablinov. The premiere took place in May 1958. Voronezh writer and journalist Valentin Yushchenko wrote at the time:

June 19, 1958 as part of the Decade of Professional and Amateur Art Voronezh region in Moscow, the play "Alexey Koltsov" was shown on the stage of the theater named after Vl. Mayakovsky. Many actors have since received awards. honorary titles.

Currently, the old theater building is being renovated.

In philately, numismatics, sigillaty, etc.

• A park, a gymnasium, a library and a street in Voronezh are also named after A.V. Koltsov.
• In 1959, the Soviet historical and biographical Feature Film"Song about Koltsov".
• In 1997, the film "At the Dawn of Foggy Youth", dedicated to Alexei Koltsov, was released.
• The Voronezh Confectionery Factory has been producing sweets "Songs of Koltsov" since 1958. Until now, they had only a fruit-jelly filling. IN Lately a market development study was conducted, as a result of which the company's specialists developed a new taste for sweets of this brand. Now it will be possible to purchase and try "Koltsov's Songs" not only with jelly, but also with nuts.
• On the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the birth of A.V. Koltsov, the Bank of Russia issued silver coin denomination of 2 rubles.
• In 2011, on the occasion of the 425th anniversary of Voronezh, the Russian Post issued an envelope depicting a monument to the poet in Koltsovsky Square.

Addresses

Addresses in Voronezh

• st. Bolshaya Streletskaya, 53 - presumably on this place was the house in which Alexei Vasilyevich was born. In 1984, during the celebration of the 175th anniversary of the birth of the poet, a memorial plaque was hung on the wall of the house with the following content:

• Ilyinsky Church - the temple in which Alexei Vasilyevich was baptized. The metric entry reads:

• Devichenskaya st. (now st. Sakko and Vantseti), 72 - on this place there was a district school, where A.V. Koltsov studied. Now one of the buildings of the Voronezh Technological Academy has been built here.
• st. Bolshaya Noble (now Revolution Avenue), 22 - the former residence of the Voronezh governors, on the wall of which there is a memorial plaque:

• st. Bolshaya Noble (now Revolution Avenue), 46 - the house where A. V. Koltsov lived. A memorial plaque hangs on the wall of the house with the erroneous content:

Addresses in St. Petersburg

1840 - V. G. Belinsky's apartment in the apartment building of Alekseev - V. O., 6th line, 53.

Childhood and youth

Alexey Koltsov - great poet, was born on October 15, 1809, in the city of Voronezh, in the family of a merchant. His father, thanks to his activity and diligence, was included in the list of the richest merchants of this city. After 7 years, after the birth of Alexei, the family moved to the center of Voronezh, as they wanted before. Almost from the age of ten, little Lesha helped his father and tried to study, he finished only 2 classes, at the behest of his father.

Constantly in the affairs of his father, the young years of the poet were not joyful. The only thing that saved him was an early passion for literature. Most of the money, A. Koltsov spent on books, which he often carried with him.

The beginning of creativity

The first poems were written by Alexei at the age of 16, in which he described real, Russian people with whom he liked to communicate. The next year, he mutually fell in love with the girl, his father's serf. However, he was against this marriage and did not allow his beloved to marry.

In 1831, the poet visited the capital of Russia for the first time in his life. Visited by N.V. Stankevich - a philosopher and organizer of a circle of literature, whom he had previously met while traveling on his father's business. Stankevich introduced Alexei to the writer Belinsky. And Koltsov had not only a teacher, but also a real friend.

Alex becomes famous

4 years after that, A. Koltsov became famous thanks to the published book of poems, despite the fact that there were only about 18 works. However, for the glory of the poet, this was enough. Alexei's dream at that time was to leave trading business and completely devote himself to literature.

The next year, 1836, was a turning point for Koltsov. He again went to Moscow on trade matters, and then he met the best writers of that time. In St. Petersburg, Alexei meets Pushkin and Zhukovsky, they are his work! Pushkin madly liked the verse "Harvest". After that, the works of Alexei Vasilyevich were published in the best newspapers and magazines in Moscow and not only.

The return home was triumphant! An active interest was shown in the poet, and even the government of Voronezh became interested in Alexei's work.

Death of poet

A few years later, he did not quite successfully go to the capital on trade matters, and upon arrival, he had a big fight with his dad. An angry father accused his son of not taking important matters seriously. The conflict in the family and constant quarrels have not ended. In connection with these events, Alexei Koltsov became seriously ill, and on October 29, 1842, he suddenly died with his life.

Four years later, his best friend, Belinsky, published a posthumous collection of Koltsov's poems. Commenting that it was the innermost desire of a friend.

Biography 2

Koltsov Alexey Vasilievich - a merchant who became a poet, overcoming obstacles to him thanks to his own efforts and the help of friends who appreciated his talent.

The future poet was born in 1809 in the family of a cattle dealer, in the Voronezh province. His mother was illiterate, and his father believed that an elementary education would be enough for his son to conduct business, so Alexei did not even manage to finish the second grade of the county school. However, he was drawn to knowledge and, while fulfilling the duties of driving and selling livestock, read a lot, spending his money on buying books.

Koltsov's first poetic publication (1830) was anonymous. The following year, during a business trip to Moscow, he met writers, in which he was assisted by N.V. Stankevich. At the same time, his first publication under his own name was published - the poem "Ring".

Koltsov's work was largely influenced by the circumstances of his life. His poems are associated with folklore motifs, since the first books from which he began his self-education were fairy tales. Communication with the common people, during trips related to the livestock trade, as well as the very origin from a merchant, and not a noble family, closely acquainted the future poet with folk art. In particular, later critics noted the similarity of his poems with folk songs. No wonder a number of poems were set to music.

A significant place in the work of Koltsov is occupied by love lyrics. The reason was his unfortunate love for a serf girl, whom he was prevented from marrying.

In 1835, the first collection of the poet published during his lifetime was published (it also became the only one). It was called simply and unpretentiously - "Poems of Alexei Koltsov." It is noteworthy that Koltsov's friends from literary circles provided significant assistance here - the book was published with funds raised by subscription.

In 1836 fame and recognition came to the poet. His poems were published by leading literary magazines countries. One of them was evaluated and published by Pushkin.

The talent of the poet, unfortunately, could not be fully realized. In 1842, at the age of 33, Koltsov died of consumption.

Alexey Vasilievich Koltsov

The father is a prasol. He hunted with herds of rams, as Belinsky later wrote, to deliver material to the fat burning factories. He was rich, owned a large house, kept his family in complete obedience. Koltsov's reading and writing was taught by a random Voronezh seminarian. At the age of nine, the boy went to the Voronezh district school, but already from the second grade his father took him away, because he was in dire need of an assistant. “It goes without saying,” wrote Belinsky, “that with early years he (Koltsov) could not pick up not only some moral rules or learn for himself good habits, but he could not be enriched by any good impressions, which for a young soul are more important than any suggestions and interpretations. He saw household chores around him, petty trade with its tricks, heard rude and not always decent speeches even from those from whose lips he should have heard only good things. Everyone knows what our family life is like in general, and what it is like especially in the middle class, where muzhik rudeness is devoid of good-natured simplicity and is combined with petty-bourgeois arrogance, wrangling and antics. Fortunately, Koltsov's grace-filled nature was not tainted with dirt, among which he was born and in the bosom of which he was brought up. Traveling around the villages and villages, Koltsov bought and sold cattle, conducted business and litigation with peasants and merchants. “He loved the evening fire, on which the steppe porridge was cooked,” Belinsky later recalled, “he loved sleeping under clear sky, on green grass; sometimes he liked not to get off his horse for whole days, driving herds from one place to another. Having also fallen in love with reading, he never parted with books in the steppe. Voronezh bookseller D. A. Kashkin allowed the young prasol to use books from his store for free, explained unknown words to him. Koltsov and A.P. Serebryansky, the author of the famous song “Fast as waves, are the days of our life ...” helped Koltsov in the first poetic experiments.

In 1830, while in Voronezh, a well-known figure in the capital's philosophical circle, N. V. Stankevich, heard from his valet that a certain local young prasol was composing amazing songs, unlike anything else. At the same time, the valet quoted some lines that he remembered, and Stankevich became interested in them. He met with Koltsov and the following year published the songs he liked in the St. Petersburg Literaturnaya Gazeta.

In 1828 Koltsov fell in love with a serf girl. “It’s a well-known fact,” Belinsky later wrote, who was close friends with the poet, “that in this class the first sincere desire of a father is to quickly marry his son to some kind of blockhead painted with white, rouge and antimony with black teeth and good, respectively, condition of the groom's family, dowry. Koltsov's connection (with the serf) was dangerous for these philistine plans, not to mention the fact that in the eyes of wild ignoramuses, ingenuously and rudely alien to any poetry of life, it seemed reprehensible and immoral. I had to break it no matter what. To do this, they took advantage of Koltsov’s absence to the steppe, and when he returned home, he no longer found her there. This misfortune struck him so severely that he seized a strong fever. Having recovered from his illness and having borrowed some money from relatives and friends, he rushed, like a madman, into the steppe to inquire about the unfortunate woman. As much as he could, he traveled far himself, sending people who were devoted to him for money even farther. We do not know how long these searches continued; only the result of them was the news that the unfortunate victim of the barbarian calculation, having fallen into the Don steppes, in the Cossack village, soon withered and died in anguish and in agony. abuse. These details,” Belinsky added, “we heard from Koltsov himself in 1838. Despite the fact that he recalled the grief that befell him more than ten years ago, his face was pale, words came out of his mouth with difficulty and slowly, and, speaking, he looked to the side and down. Only once did he speak to us about it. and we never dared to ask him more about this story in order to know it in all its details: this would mean opening the wound of the heart, which had never completely closed anyway ... "

In 1835, with the help of Stankevich and Belinsky, a small collection was published - Poems of Alexei Koltsov. “Prasol on horseback,” wrote Belinsky, “driving cattle from one field to another, knee-deep in blood, present at the cutting, or, rather, at the slaughter of cattle; a clerk standing in the bazaar by carts of lard, dreaming of love, friendship, the inner poetic movements of the soul, nature, the fate of man, the secrets of life and death, tormented by the sorrows of a torn heart and mental doubts, and, in at the same time, an active member of reality, in the midst of which he is placed, a smart and lively Russian merchant who sells, buys, scolds and befriends God knows with whom, bargains out of a penny and sets in motion all the springs of petty trading, which he internally abhors as an abomination: what an abomination painting! What fate, what a man!

At the same time, the poet was completely dependent on his father.

“He was quick-witted, practical, his father gradually handed over all the affairs to him,” Veresaev wrote, “but he kept his son in a tight grip, demanded strict accountability; own money Koltsov never had; any hired clerk was more independent and richer than this master's son. On behalf of Koltsov, it happened to travel to the capitals - to sell herds of cattle, to file court cases, of which the old man had an uncountable number, especially with peasants on land lease. Here for the first time the old man felt that the trifling rhymes that the eccentric son sprinkled were not without profit. The poems brought his son acquaintance with dignitaries, very useful in the conduct of court cases. At the request of his son, Zhukovsky, Prince. Vyazemsky, Prince. Odoevsky wrote letters to the Voronezh authorities and to the courts, and thus greatly contributed to the successful outcome of a number of Koltsovo trials. However, there were so many of these processes, it was necessary to ask for patrons so often that even the benevolent Zhukovsky finally began to receive Koltsov coldly and avoid meeting with him.

I. S. Turgenev, who met Koltsov in St. Petersburg at Pletnev’s apartment, wrote: “... There was another person in the room. Dressed in a long-brimmed double-breasted frock coat, a short waistcoat with a blue beaded watch chain, and a neckerchief with a bow, he sat in a corner, modestly tucking his legs up, and from time to time coughed, hurriedly raising his hand to his lips. This man looked around not without shyness, listened attentively, an extraordinary mind shone in his eyes, but his face was the simplest Russian.

Being engaged in self-education, Koltsov was far from always able to correctly understand the essence of the subjects being mastered. “I still understand subject and object a little bit,” he wrote to Belinsky, suddenly taking up philosophy, “but not a crumb of the absolute.” Claims for great knowledge, of course, caused ridicule among the people around the poet. "What am I? he complained to Belinsky. - A man without a face, without a word, without just anything. A miserable creature, an unfortunate creature that is only good for one thing: to carry water and carry firewood ... A merchant, a kopeck man, a scoundrel ... That's my meaning, that's what layers I can be president of ... "-" Only in 1841 gray life Koltsova suddenly lit up with bright happiness, - wrote Veresaev. - He fell in love with the visiting merchant widow Varvara Grigorievna Lebedeva. She treated his love favorably. "Miracle! Koltsov wrote to Belinsky. “A brunette, incredibly slender, damn good, smart, decently educated, read a lot, thought, suffered, seethed with passions.” But happiness lasted only two months. The beauty turned out to be a lady of very light morals. Having rewarded Koltsov with syphilis, she left him and left Voronezh with an officer.

By this time, Koltsov's relationship with his father was almost interrupted.

“At the end of September,” he wrote to V.P. Botkin, “I had inflammation in the kidneys, but leeches, poultices, and coolant brought me back to life. Father, in spite of everything, did not cease to torment me and very indifferently told me that if I die, he will be glad, and if I live, he warns me in advance that I should not expect or hope for anything; that he is at home and will never give me anything; that if he does not have time to live during his lifetime, he will burn it. And he spoke like that when I didn’t say a word to him about anything like that and didn’t demand anything from him. My mother is simple, but kind woman; wanted to help me, but I turned it down and supported myself with a loan. The inflammation went away, and I started to get better again a little. Autumn. The mezzanine is cold, fit together by necessity. He occupied the room on the aisle; it was not more convenient; it was, - but the old people lived in it, they did not give it. Well, nothing, I live. They marry their sister. A wedding began, everything began to walk, run through my room; floors are washed every now and then, and dampness is deadly for me. Incense pipes are smoked every day; for my frustrated lungs, all this is bad. I again developed inflammation, first in the right side, then in the left against the heart, quite dangerous and painful. And this is where I got really pissed off. For several days life hung in the balance. My doctor, despite the fact that I paid him little, came three times a day. And at the same time we have parties every day - noise, screams, running around; the doors in my room do not stand on their hinges until midnight. Please do not smoke - they smoke more; I ask you not to incense - more; I ask you not to wash the floors, they are washing. On motley only the wedding ended. Noise off your shoulders. On the third day after the end of the wedding, my father comes to me. He tells me to go to his room. I refused: it is damp in winter, and this is the most harmful thing for me. He said, “Don't you want to? Well, go where you want, or go out of the yard. And he talked a lot about it.

But you ask, why did my father and sister become so bad towards me? Koltsov wrote further. - My father is by nature with a strong physical nature a man, lived in clerks, acquired something, became a master, made capital 70 thousand rubles three times and lived them again, last time he lived, and he had a lot to do. He somehow extinguished them, but there was nothing to end with. They fell on me; at the age of eight I settled them, and this business, for which I lived in Moscow, was the last. It ended well for a while, now he does not have them, he is calm. He built a house, brings in up to 6,000 a year, and we also have nine rooms behind us. Besides, he had up to twenty thousand left. He is proud, a braggart, stubborn, a braggart without a conscience. He does not like to live with others in a human house, but loves that everything trembles before him, fears, reveres and slaves. And I endured and endured all this, but as I had a special room, I will go into it and rest. I did not think about myself, but only about business. But, having accepted things, settled them. And how was Zhukovsky (in Voronezh), he gave me big weight, and the old man, for the sake of business, out of necessity, gave me freedom more than he wanted. It bored him. He wanted to beat me first, insisting on getting married. I did not want. This infuriated him. Get married - then he would break the fast over me. My sister aroused him even more against me. She interpreted all my fantasies that I told her in her own way, and ended up saying that I came here to rob the old man, and even to St. Petersburg. She also sold me out of her hands to marry and enter the courtyard and take possession of everything.

Died 29 (10. XI) October 1842.

Gleb Uspensky said wonderful things about Koltsov.

“In Russian literature there is a writer who cannot be called otherwise than a poet of agricultural labor - exclusively. This is Koltsov. No one, not excluding Pushkin himself, touched such poetic strings of the people's worldview, brought up exclusively in the conditions of agricultural labor, as we find in Koltsov. We ask, what could even inspire Pushkin at the sight of a plowing peasant, his plow and nags? Pushkin could only grieve about this worker, "dragging along the reins", about the yoke that he carries, etc. Would it occur to him that this slave, dragging along the reins, walking barefoot behind his nag, so that he could feel anything at the moment of this hard work, except for the consciousness of its gravity? And the peasant portrayed by Koltsov, although dragging along the reins, finds the opportunity to speak to his horse such speeches: “Fun in the arable land, I myself am a friend with you, a servant and a master. I have fun tidying up the harrow and the plow.” And the mower of the same Koltsov, who, receiving 50 kopecks on his grubs. per day, finds the opportunity to speak such speeches: “Oh, you are my steppe, free steppe! I didn’t come to visit you alone, I came myself, a friend with a scythe. I have been walking for a long time(this is for 50 kopecks per day!) on the grass of the steppe, far and wide, I wanted to be with her. Raise your shoulder, swing your arm, smell the wind in your face from noon, refresh, excite the spacious steppe, buzz, braid, sparkle all around! Every word here is the secret of the peasant worldview: all these are charms, inaccessible to anyone except the peasant.

Family

Alexei Vasilyevich Koltsov was born in Voronezh in the family of Vasily Petrovich Koltsov (1775-1852), a buyer and cattle dealer (prasol), who was known throughout the district as an honest partner and a strict householder. A man of strong temper, passionate and addicted, the poet's father, not limited to his forefathers, rented land for sowing grain, bought forests for a log house, traded firewood, and was engaged in cattle breeding. In general, the father was an extremely economic man .....

Alexei's mother is a kind, but not educated woman, she was not even literate. He had no peers in his family: his sister was much older, and his brother and other sisters were much younger.

Education

From the age of 9, Koltsov learned to read and write at home, showing such abilities that in 1820 he was able to enter a two-year district school, bypassing the parish. Vissarion Belinsky wrote the following about the level of his education:

After a year and four months (second grade) at the school, Alexei was taken by his father. Vasily Petrovich believed that this education would be enough for his son to become his assistant. Alexei's job was to drive and sell livestock.

At the school, Alexey fell in love with reading, the first books he read were fairy tales, for example, about Bova, about Yeruslan Lazarevich. He bought these books with the money he received from his parents for treats and toys. Later, Alexey began to read various novels, which he took from his friend Vargin, who was also the son of a merchant. The future poet especially liked the works "A Thousand and One Nights" and "Cadmus and Harmony" by Kheraskov. After Vargin's death in 1824, Alexey Koltsov inherited his library - about 70 volumes. In 1825, he became interested in the poems of I. I. Dmitriev, especially "Ermak".

Creation

In 1825, at the age of 16, he wrote his first poem, Three Visions, which he later destroyed. The poem was written in imitation of Koltsov's favorite poet, Ivan Dmitriev.

Koltsov's first mentor in poetry was the Voronezh bookseller Dmitry Kashkin, who gave the young man the opportunity to use books from his library for free. Kashkin was direct, intelligent and honest, for which he was loved by the youth of the city. Kashkin's bookstore was a kind of club for them. Kashkin was interested in Russian literature, read a lot and wrote poetry himself. Apparently Koltsov showed him his first experiments. For 5 years, Koltsov used his library free of charge.

Somewhere in his youth, the future poet experienced a deep drama - he was separated from a serf girl whom he wanted to marry. This was reflected, in particular, in his poems "Song" (1827), "You do not sing, nightingale" (1832) and a number of others.

In 1827 he met the seminarian Andrei Srebryansky, who later became his close friend and mentor. It was Srebryansky who instilled in Koltsov an interest in philosophy.

The first publications of the young poet were anonymous - 4 poems in 1830. Aleksey Koltsov published his poems under his own name in 1831, when N. V. Stankevich, a famous poet, publicist and thinker, whom Koltsov met in 1830, published his poems with a short preface in Literaturnaya Gazeta. In 1835 - the release of the first and only collection during the life of the poet "Poems of Alexei Koltsov". On his father's business, he traveled to St. Petersburg and Moscow, where, thanks to Stankevich, he met V. G. Belinsky, who had a great influence on him, with Zhukovsky, Vyazemsky, Vladimir Odoevsky and Pushkin, who published Koltsov's poem in his journal Sovremennik " Harvest".

After the release of the poems "The Young Reaper", "It's Time for Love" and "The Last Kiss", Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin became interested in Koltsov. He called the main feature of these poems "a burning sense of personality."

Traveling on his father's trading business, Koltsov met various people and collected folklore. His lyrics glorified ordinary peasants, their work and their lives. Many poems became words to the music of M. A. Balakirev, A. S. Dargomyzhsky, M. P. Mussorgsky, N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov and many others.

Death of poet

• Alexei Koltsov often had quarrels with his father (especially in the last years of his life); the latter had a negative attitude towards the literary work of his son.
• As a result of depression and prolonged consumption, Koltsov died at the age of thirty-three in 1842.
• V. G. Belinsky wrote:

• The poet was buried at the Mitrofanevsky cemetery in Voronezh.

In 1846, the famous Russian actor of the era of romanticism, P. S. Mochalov, who knew A. V. Koltsov, published his poems in the journal Repertoire and Pantheon:

Creation

Alexey Koltsov's early poetic experiments represent imitations of poems by Dmitriev, Zhukovsky, Pushkin, Kozlov, Kheraskov and other poets; in these works, the poet is only still groping for his own artistic style. But even among them there are already such poems in which it is impossible not to see the future songwriter. On the other hand, attempts to write in the spirit of book poetry are observed in Koltsov until his death, interspersed with songs, and even among the latter, some are closer to book forms than to that specific manner in which one can see the features of Koltsov's style. Another genre of Koltsov is thoughts, which are similar in form to his songs, and in content represent a kind of poetic philosophy. Having glimpsed the philosophical disputes of the capital's friends, mainly in Belinsky's circle, Koltsov tries to clarify the world's problems in his thoughts.

Criticism

• In 1856, in the fifth issue of the Sovremennik magazine, an article by N. G. Chernyshevsky was published, dedicated to the work of A. V. Koltsov
• According to the literary critic Yu. I. Aikhenvald

Memory

Grave of A. V. Koltsov

The grave of A. V. Koltsov is preserved in the Literary Necropolis near the Voronezh Circus. On the tombstone, the date of death of Alexei Vasilyevich is erroneously given. In fact, he died not on October 19, but on October 29.

Monuments to A. V. Koltsov

A bust of the poet was erected in Koltsovsky Square in 1868. A monument to the poet is also installed on Sovietskaya Square in Voronezh.

Voronezh State Academic Drama Theater named after A. V. Koltsov

In 1959, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, the Voronezh State Drama Theater was named after Alexei Vasilyevich Koltsov. A year before, the chief director of the theater, Firs Efimovich Shishigin, staged the play "Aleksey Koltsov" based on the story of the same name by V. A. Korablinov. The premiere took place in May 1958. Voronezh writer and journalist Valentin Yushchenko wrote at the time:

On June 19, 1958, as part of the Decade of Professional and Amateur Art of the Voronezh Region in Moscow, the play "Aleksey Koltsov" was shown on the stage of the Vl. Mayakovsky. Many actors after that were awarded honorary titles.

Currently, the old theater building is being renovated.

In philately, numismatics, sigillaty, etc.

• Postage stamps and coins

Postage stamp of the USSR, 1959

Postage stamp of the USSR dedicated to Koltsov, 1969, 4 kopecks (TsFA 3806, Scott 3652)

Commemorative silver coin of the Bank of Russia dedicated to the 200th anniversary of Koltsov

• A park, a gymnasium, a library and a street in Voronezh are also named after A.V. Koltsov.
• In 1959, the Soviet historical and biographical feature film "The Song of Koltsov" was released.
• In 1997, the film "At the Dawn of Foggy Youth", dedicated to Alexei Koltsov, was released.
• The Voronezh Confectionery Factory has been producing sweets "Songs of Koltsov" since 1958.
• Voronezh JSC LVZ "Visant" produces a special vodka called "Koltsovskaya" 0.5 liters. 40%.
• In 2009, on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the birth of A. V. Koltsov, the Bank of Russia issued a silver coin worth 2 rubles.
• In 2011, on the occasion of the 425th anniversary of Voronezh, the Russian Post issued an envelope depicting a monument to the poet in Koltsovsky Square.

Addresses

Addresses in Voronezh

• st. Bolshaya Streletskaya, 53 - presumably on this place was the house in which Alexei Vasilyevich was born. In 1984, during the celebration of the 175th anniversary of the birth of the poet, a memorial plaque was hung on the wall of the house with the following content:

• Ilyinsky Church - the temple in which Alexei Vasilyevich was baptized. The metric entry reads:

• Devichenskaya st. (now st. Sakko and Vantseti), 72 - on this place there was a district school, where A.V. Koltsov studied. Now one of the buildings of the Voronezh Technological Academy has been built here.
• st. Bolshaya Noble (now Revolution Avenue), 22 - the former residence of the Voronezh governors

Koltsov Alexey Vasilyevich (1809-1842), poet.

He received his primary education at home, under the guidance of a seminarian teacher. In 1820 he entered the Voronezh district school, but a year later his father took the boy home to teach him to trade.

Koltsov made up for the lack of education by reading. First poem "Three Visions"
(1825), written in imitation of I. I. Dmitriev, the poet subsequently destroyed. In his youth, Koltsov experienced a love drama (he was separated from a serf girl whom he wanted to marry), and this later affected his poems: love lyrics occupy a special place among the poet's songs.

Taking over the family business, Koltsov successfully engaged in trade. His first publication in verse, in 1830, was anonymous. In 1831, during a business trip to Moscow, Koltsov, with the help of the publisher and critic N.V. Stankevich, entered the literary circle. In the same year, Koltsov's poem "The Ring" (later called "The Ring") was published in the Literaturnaya Gazeta.

In 1835, with the money collected by subscription, Stankevich published the book "Poems of Alexei Koltsov" - the only lifetime collection of the poet. Critics noted the connection of Koltsov's poems with folk songs, which is tangible at the figurative, thematic and linguistic levels.

1836 was a turning point in creative development poet. His poems were published in the magazines "Telescope", "Son of the Fatherland", "Moscow Observer", etc. One of the poems was published in "Sovremennik" by A. S. Pushkin.

Koltsov responded to Pushkin's death with the poem "Forest" (1837).

In 1840, after a trip to the capital, which ended in failure in trade affairs, the poet fell ill with consumption, which brought him to the grave (he died on November 10, 1842 in Voronezh).

In 1846, the posthumous collected works of Koltsov, prepared by V. G. Belinsky, were published.