Vampires myth or truth. Vampires: history of origin, legends. Daughters of the Dark Moon

Today there are a large number of different legends about various mythical creatures. To this number, humanity began to include myths and legends about vampires and vampirism in general. Only the question of whether vampires actually existed still remains open.

Scientific background

Like any other object, vampires also have a scientific basis for the birth of various folklore works with their participation. According to most researchers, the word “vampire” and information about all its properties began to appear in the lower mythology of European peoples. It is also worth paying attention to the fact that vampire people exist in other cultures almost all over the world, but they have their own names and individual descriptions.

A vampire is a dead person who crawls out of his grave at night and begins to drink blood from people. Sometimes he attacks waking victims. These creatures appear before the victim in the form of a person, practically no different from ordinary people, and in the form of a bat.

Ancient peoples believed that people who had done a large amount of evil during their lives became vampires. This contingent included criminals, murderers, and suicides. They also became people who died a violent, premature death, even after the moment when the vampire bite was made.

Literary representations and film images

IN modern world Vampire people became widely known to the public thanks to the creation of numerous mystical films and books. Just pay attention to one important fact - the mythical image is slightly different from the literary one.

Probably, first it’s worth saying a few words about the works of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin “The Ghoul” (poem) and Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy “The Family of the Ghouls” (the writer’s early story). It is worth noting that the creation of these works dates back to the 19th century.

The well-known writers mentioned above recreated horror stories about vampires in a slightly different image - the appearance of a ghoul. In principle, ghouls are no different from their ancestors. Only this image does not drink the blood of any people, but only of relatives and closest ones. As a result of this, if you can call it that, pickiness in food, entire villages died out. He also gnaws the bones of people killed or who died of natural causes.

Bran Stoker was able to embody the most plausible image in his hero when he created Dracula. You can turn to the history of the creation of the image and the history of the world at the same time - a real living person became the collecting image for the writer’s work. This man was Vlad Dracula, the ruler of Wallachia. Based on the facts of history, he was a rather bloodthirsty person.

Characteristics of artistic vampires

As stated earlier, artistic description The vampire is different from the mythological one. And then we will look at the creatures as they are portrayed in literature and cinema.

Character traits:

Analogues of a vampire in other nationalities

Horror stories about vampires existed not only in the folklore of the peoples of Europe, but also in other ancient cultures. Only they have different names and descriptions.

• Dakhanavar. This name originated in ancient Armenian mythology. Based on mythological data, this vampire lives in the Ultish Alto-tem mountains. It is worth noting that this vampire does not touch people who live on his territory.
• Vetals. These creatures belong to Indian stories. Vampire-like creatures possess the dead.
• Limping corpse. The Chinese analogue of the European vampire, only the first one feeds not on blood, but on the essence of the victim (qi).
• Strix. A bird that stays awake at night and consumes human blood as food. Roman mythology.

Also, the question of whether vampires really existed was raised in different times among different peoples.

Vampire controversy

There have been cases in history when a hunt for a vampire was announced. This happened in the 18th century. In the territory, starting in 1721, residents began to complain about vampire attacks. The reason was the strange murders of local residents. The most interesting thing was that the bodies of those killed were drained of blood.

After these cases, the famous scientist Antoine Augustine Calmet in his books raised the question of whether vampires really existed. He collected necessary information and wrote a treatise on these cases. Many scientists began to ask this question and began to open the graves. It all ended with a ban by Empress Maria Theresa.

Modern vampires

There is a large number folk stories, myths, films about vampires. Everyone knows that this is fiction, but the influence of mythology, figuratively speaking, gave the blood of a vampire to some modern people. These representatives are participants in one of the many subcultures of our time - vampirism.

People who consider themselves vampires behave like fictional blood-sucking creatures. They dress in black, host their own events, and drink human blood. Only the last action does not apply to murders. Usually the victim independently gives up part of himself so that modern vampires, so to speak, can refresh themselves.

Energy vampires

The question of whether vampires really existed is asked by many people. WITH to a greater extent probability can be said about the existence of real vampires from an energetic point of view. In other words, about the existence of energy vampires.

These creatures are people who feed on the energy power of other people. A common person replenishes energy reserves in accessible ways: food, entertainment, watching movies, etc. A energy vampires This is not enough, they also feed on the energy of other people, worsening the condition of their victims.

Conclusion

You can talk for a long time on this topic, but all this will remain unconfirmed. In this world, many facts remain beyond the bounds modern science and these myths and stories will also be just assumptions and guesses. To modern man All that remains is to read interesting mystical literature and watch films, reflecting on these questions.

Do vampires exist in reality - a question that interests more and more more people. This is due to the fact that the popularity of the vampire theme in Lately is off scale. Films and TV series are being made, books are being published. Representatives of the vampire race are presented not only as killers, but also as creatures capable of love. Creatures who are not alien to nobility and compassion.

Vampire story

The most famous vampire of all time is Count Dracula, glorified by Bram Stoker.

Fans of bloodsuckers call Stoker's novel " Vampire Bible». Prototype of the Count became a voivode from Wallachia Vlad Tepes. He was distinguished by bloody cruelty, the brutal torture to which he subjected his enemies was the reason for such bloody popularity. Over time, in people's minds, the story of Tepes was transformed into the image of Count Dracula. The image of a vampire in a black cloak is glorified in many works.

The Countess was also awarded the title of vampire. Elizabeth Bathory. Her complicated, bloody biography does not confirm that she has porphyria. From a medical point of view, she is credited mental disorder.

Description of vampires

The appearance of bloodsuckers is characterized by pale and dry skin, sharp fangs and long nails.

They are afraid of direct sunlight, so they wear closed clothes. They sleep exclusively in individual coffins.

In films, bloodsuckers easily hide among people, but as soon as they see blood and smell it, they immediately lose their composure.

Habitat

You can find descriptions of vampires in the legends of many nations, which indicates the spread of the phenomenon throughout the world.

They are called differently and have striking external differences.

Interesting! Our classic Alexey Tolstoy wrote entertaining stories “The Family of the Ghoul” and “The Ghoul”.

Legends about blood-sucking non-humans in different parts of the world did not arise by chance; scientists believe that in Empires were considered people suffering from a rare hereditary disease. Illiterate people were afraid of them, so they appeared horror stories about bloodsuckers rising from their graves.

Porphyria

A person is born with the inability to produce red blood cells on their own, his body starves from a lack of iron and oxygen, and the pigmentation of the skin is impaired.

• Patients are afraid of direct sunlight; ultraviolet radiation destroys hemoglobin, which is valuable to them.
• The skin of the unfortunate is dry and thin, ulcers easily form on it, and over time it turns brown.
• They cannot tolerate garlic because the acid it contains increases the symptoms of the disease.
• Due to dry skin, the lips shrink, exposing the teeth.

The disease affects the mental state of people.

They become unsociable, and those around them treat them with fear, turning them into outcasts.

If in the modern world we realize that a person is sick, there is a scientific explanation for this. But in the Middle Ages there were at least such people kept away, and at most persecuted. With such a life, it is easy to believe that you are a monster and begin to take revenge for hatred, responding with aggression to aggression. The consumption of blood by such patients could be caused by mental disorders, or they tried in such a strange way to get rid of the torment caused by the disease.

Interesting! In the 11th century, porphyria was common in Transylvania, which may have made this area the cradle of vampirism. WITH scientific point The outbreak of the disease was believed to be caused by consanguineous marriages among local residents.

If porphyria is a physical illness, then Renfield syndrome- mental illness. Sufferers of this disorder have a craving for drinking the blood of animals and people. Cases of such vampirism have been documented among serial maniacs. Chase And Kürten. They drank the blood of their victims.

Do vampires exist today?

Having devoted more than 20 years of his life to the study of bloodsuckers, Kaplan proved that vampires real life indeed there are, but they are not the ruthless killers they are usually portrayed, and there is nothing supernatural about their existence.

Yes, these people drink human blood, they cannot live without it.

Scientist developed special vampire profile, to compile a card index of real natural bloodsuckers, separating them from charlatans pretending to be vampires for the sake of PR. The survey was conducted in different countries.

During the course of the research, a secret file cabinet of 1,500 real blood-drinking individuals appeared at the institute.

• According to the questionnaire, the vampire is thin and pale; a priori, he cannot be fat.
• He has an attractive appearance, takes good care of his health, does not take medications, and everything chemical is alien to him.
• He has no harmful bad habits, He does not smoke.
• Usually he looks good and young, according to their theory, drinking blood saves from diseases and preserves youth.

Usually blood is taken from a cut on the finger (similar to taking blood for a test). 20-30 ml is sucked out of the wound. blood. The procedure itself is called suction. And it is clear that after it the “donor” does not become a vampire.

Modern vampires are not afraid of light, are not alien to religion, are very friendly with others, caring parents and children.

They are not much different from us, they just drink a cup of blood from time to time instead of coffee.

Psychologists call this phenomenon hematomania and are classified as mental disorders, but the doctor Kaplan considered Dracula's modern children to be quite normal, and classified their addiction as physiological characteristics body.
In addition to lovers of live blood, there is another type of vampires who feed on other people's energy.

The harm caused by such " thieves", perhaps more than from Kaplan's true bloodsuckers.

After meeting such an energy ghoul, you feel weak, depressed, squeezed like a lemon, headaches are possible, and systematic loss of energy is fraught with more serious illnesses.

Vampires are not the living dead, but... ordinary people who, due to mental illness or physiological dependence, consume blood.

This is most likely a pathology than the norm, but we are loyal to smokers and those who like to drink a glass at lunch. Likewise, a vampire’s need to suck some blood from a friend’s finger can also easily become the norm for society.

The vampire is a character in mythological tales, legends and world folklore. And in our time he has also become the main character of films, fiction and computer games. These creatures appearance they resemble people... more precisely, the dead. Vampires get vital energy, feeding on human or animal blood. Their descriptions in different legends differ significantly from each other, not to mention literary and film images. What they really were and whether they existed at all is a matter of endless debate.

There are stories about creatures like vampires in absolutely all countries and cultures; even in ancient Sumerian mythology there are bloodsuckers called Aksharas. In early Babylonian demonology, lilou spirits are mentioned, whose essence resembles vampires. They wandered in the silence of the night and took the lives of newborn babies and pregnant women.

Vetalas are evil creatures found in Sanskrit folklore and are still associated with vampire bats. They usually hang upside down in trees, waiting for their prey...

Another name for vampires is Lamia. That's what they called a monster in Greece that feeds on children's blood. According to legend, once upon a time the queen of Libya was fair maiden- Lamia. She was the beloved of the god Zeus and bore him children. The angry goddess Hera turned Lamia into a monster and killed her children. Heartbroken and desperate, Lamia began to kidnap babies from other women. It was said that she could regain her former beauty in order to seduce young men, killing them with her deadly “kisses” (Lamia would bite in with sharp fangs and drink all the blood).

The first mention of the term “vampire” dates back to 1047. This nickname was given to one Slavic prince; he was called “evil vampire”, “ghoul”, and also “goblin ghoul”. Subsequently they began to spread different stories related to vampires. Described as attacks by so-called natural vampires, when people were completely exsanguinated by insects (mosquitoes, ants, etc.) or animals (bats)

so are visits from the dead, thirsty for fresh blood. Both are, of course, terrifying, but natural vampires are natural, and reanimated corpses are mystical.

These nightmares became more frequent in the 18th century. Real panic began. In the years 1720-30 in Prussia and the Habsburg Monarchy, people literally began to go crazy, claiming that dead relatives allegedly came to them at night, brought illnesses to their families, and sent death. Not only people who know the basics of the occult and magic, but also the authorities themselves have now begun to be involved in the investigation of such cases.

A very famous, chilling incident occurred with a certain Petar Blagojevich (Peter Plogojowitz), a Serbian peasant. This man died and was buried by his family. Some time after his death, he appeared to his to my own son and asked for food. The son refused... The next day he was found murdered. But Petar did not finish his bloody work; several times he visited neighboring houses, the owners of which were later found dead from fear and loss large quantity blood.

No less famous and creepy is the story of a man named Arnold Paole. There were rumors that he was once bitten by a ghoul, but managed to escape and remained alive. After retiring from his soldier's post, he took up agriculture, but lived like this for only a few years.

After his death, the villagers began to die one after another. It was believed that Arnold had turned into a vampire and was hunting people.

These two cases have been carefully described in state documentation. Soon after the incident, several books about vampires were written, which attracted the interest of residents throughout Europe.

The respected French scientist Antoine Augustine Calmet admitted the existence of ghouls or vampires (which essentially mean the same thing). He dedicated an entire treatise to the bloodsuckers, in which he placed information he had collected himself, confirming his own beliefs.

Belief in vampires spread with stunning speed throughout the world, both among scientists and among ordinary people. Of course, there were those who claimed that all this was fiction, that vampires did not exist.

Many graves were desecrated. People who believed that those they loved might have turned into vampires dug and opened tombs, then cut out the heart and burned it. All this was stopped by the Austrian Empress Maria Theresa, who issued a law banning such desecration of graves. Belief in vampires fills the hearts of people to this day. In 2004, in Romania, the relatives of a certain Toma Petre, believing that he had turned into a vampire, acted in the above-mentioned manner.

Vampire Cemetery. The secret of the Chelyakovitsky cemetery.

The most famous cemetery in the Czech Republic is the Celyakovice Cemetery or, as it is otherwise called, the Vampire Cemetery. A strange burial dating back to the end of the 10th - beginning of the 11th century, which was discovered in 1994 near the town of Chelyakovitsy (Czech Republic). In 11 pits lay the remains of 13 people, tied with leather belts and with aspen stakes stuck in the heart. Some of the dead also had their hands and heads cut off. According to pagan beliefs and rituals, this was done with vampires who rose from their graves at night and drank human blood. Research has shown that the buried bones belong to local residents - exclusively men of approximately the same age. What happened in this area? Mass insanity among the residents of the village of Chelyakovitsy, which led to tragedy, or some of its inhabitants became victims of an unknown epidemic that led to “vampirism”? Historical chronicles have not preserved these events for us. The mystery of the Chelyakovitsky vampire cemetery remains unsolved.

by Notes of the Wild Mistress

Belief in supernatural creatures that feed on blood has been inherent in people for a long time. And recently, a whole “vampire” cult has emerged, including a special, gothic style of clothing and makeup, as well as numerous books and films about vampires, for every reader and viewer’s taste. But are vampires exclusively folklore characters?

Do vampires exist or not?

The most interesting thing is that there are officially documented cases of the appearance of vampires. So, in 1721, 62-year-old Peter Blagojevich died in East Prussia. After his death, he allegedly got into the habit of visiting his son. Soon the son was found dead. Subsequently, the deceased also attacked several neighbors and drank their blood, which is why they also died.

A few years later, a certain Arnold Paole from Serbia died, who during his lifetime claimed that he was attacked by a vampire during haymaking. After his death, several more of his fellow villagers died, and they began to say that Paole had become a vampire and was hunting people...

The two episodes were being investigated by authorities. However, information was still collected from the words of local residents who believed in vampires. However, panic arose, and the villagers began to dig up the graves of those they suspected of being vampires.

Meanwhile, the “epidemic” of vampirism spread to other countries. In 1892, 19-year-old Mercy Brown died in Rhode Island (USA). After this, one of her relatives fell ill with tuberculosis. Believing that Mercy was to blame for everything, her father and Family doctor two months after the death of the girl, they pulled the corpse out of the tomb, cut out the heart and burned it...

Modern vampires

The belief in vampires continues to this day. In 2002-2003, “vampire” hysteria was engulfed African country Malawi. Locals tried to stone several people suspected of being vampires. One of them was beaten to death. In addition, Malawians accused the government of... colluding with vampires!

In February 2004, the relatives of the late Tom Petre, fearing that he had turned into a vampire, pulled his corpse out of the grave, tore out his heart, burned it and, after mixing the ashes with water, drank this “cocktail”.

Perhaps the first attempt to give a scientific explanation of the phenomenon of “vampirism” was made in 1725 by researcher Michael Ranft in his book “De masticatione mortuorum in tumulis.” He wrote that deaths during contact with a “vampire” could occur due to the fact that the “contactees” became infected with cadaveric poison or the disease from which this person suffered during his lifetime. In addition, the impressionable relatives of the “vampire” who believed in his “resurrection” could become delusional, as a result of which it seemed to them that the deceased was coming out of the grave, communicating with them, etc.

Vampirism is a disease?

It was only in the second half of the 20th century that a disease called porphyria was discovered. It occurs in one in 100 thousand people, but is hereditary. In porphyria, the body is unable to produce red cells, which are the main component of blood. As a result, a deficiency of oxygen and iron occurs in the blood, pigment metabolism is disrupted, and under the influence of ultraviolet radiation, hemoglobin begins to disintegrate - hence the myth that vampires are afraid of sunlight.

The skin of patients with porphyria acquires brown tint, becomes thinner and becomes covered with scars and ulcers in the sun. Due to the fact that the skin around the lips and gums dries out and becomes tough, the incisors are exposed, creating the effect of a grin, which in turn gives rise to legends about “vampire fangs.” Tooth enamel may become reddish or reddish-brown. Finally, porphyritics cannot eat garlic, since the sulfonic acid it contains aggravates the disease. IN in some cases The disease is also accompanied by mental disorders.

It is assumed that the Wallachian governor Vlad Tepes, nicknamed Dracula, who became the prototype of the hero of the famous novel by Bram Stoker, suffered from porphyria. There is evidence that about 1000 years ago, porphyria was common in small villages in Transylvania, where many consanguineous marriages were likely to take place.

Finally, there is a mental disorder called “Renfield syndrome” (after another Bram Stoker character), in which the sufferer is drawn to drinking the blood of people or animals. Some serial maniacs suffered from it, for example, Peter Kürten from Germany and Richard Trenton Chase from the USA. They killed their victims and drank their blood.

Perhaps only such individuals truly deserve the title of “vampires.” But beliefs about immortal beings who maintain their vitality at the expense of other people's blood are nothing more than fiction.

Often there are true stories full of pain and suffering. Terrible crimes committed in the distant past, took the form of a legend or a story told around a campfire. Who are vampires? History tells us about various events associated with them. Some events remained unchanged, while others lost their former appearance forever. And that is why it is so difficult to distinguish truth from fiction.

Vampires of Ancient Egypt

Who are vampires? Story Ancient Egypt talks about those who returned from the world dead people whose death was so ignominious that they could not get into Afterworld. One of them, dated to the 3rd century. BC e., tells the story of a young man named Azeneth, who fled from the battlefield, abandoning his post. The enemies overtook him and chopped up his body, leaving him to rot in the sand. After some time, Azenet began to appear to his relatives, demanding to be allowed into the house. The victim of this spirit was the traitor’s bride, who herself came out to him. Archaeologists discovered this story on the walls of the tomb of a poor girl whose lower jaw was missing from her skull.

Daughters of the Dark Moon

If we take a closer look at the past, stories of bloodthirsts can be traced back to Ancient Greece. On Greek word"vampire" sounds like "empousa". Mention of these creatures can be found in the works of some philosophers. For example, Philostratus in his work “The Life of Apollonius of Tyana” describes the story that happened to the Lycian Menippus.

According to this story, during the journey the young man met a beautiful stranger who so captured his fantasies that Menippus was ready to marry her. The philosopher's student began to spend every night in the ruins, in which, as he claimed, the chambers of his beloved were located. Only the intervention of his teacher saved the Lycian. Apollonius exorcised the ghost, and described everything that happened in his writings.
The story of vampires could have happened in reality.

It is known that from the 5th to the 3rd centuries BC. e. On the territory of Greece and Rome there was a cult of fans of Hecate. Investigation reports have survived to this day with mention of bloody rituals in which priestesses drank blood. Perhaps it was these stories that became part of the legends about vampirism.

Legends of Ancient Europe

Europeans sincerely believed in the existence of vampires. Often this belief was based on the medieval fear of a variety of diseases that deformed the body. The raging epidemics not only claimed thousands of lives, they filled the consciousness with facts about non-decomposing remains, tetanus and external deformities.

This is probably the reason why modern scientists find so many graves with evidence of the ritual burial of those convicted of vampirism. So, during excavations in the county of Dorset, strange ritual burials were discovered, among them was the corpse of a woman, the body rested on the remains of animals that followed the contours of her body. The cervical vertebrae were broken, and the head was separated from the body, the legs rested on animal limbs. Based on the results of the research, scientists came to the conclusion that the woman was killed during the period when residents were leaving the village.

Vampirism is a creature of plague

Who are vampires? The story tells that in 2009, the Italian archaeologist Matteo Borrini discovered the burial of a vampire in the vicinity of the city of Venice. The historical period to which the remains belong was marked by a plague epidemic. The terrible events of that time are reflected in many sources. Due to mass hysteria, belief in otherworldly evil forces pushed people to desperate acts. Elderly woman was buried in a mass burial ground. A piece of brick was placed in her mouth, which, according to legend, prevented the vampire from attacking the living.

One of the legends of that period tells about a wealthy lady who lived in the 16th century. Her name was Beatrice Dandolo, and she lived her married life on a family estate near Pisa. The woman was famous for her beauty; her husband spared no expense on clothes and jewelry to show off to his neighbors. When the plague began to take lives, Beatrice's husband became one of the first victims. The woman, afraid of losing her beauty and health, locked herself in one of the wings of the castle. She gave the order to wall up the entrance. Her voluntary seclusion gave rise to many legends that in fact the woman got involved with dark magic and performed rituals on blood, wanting to save herself.

Subsequently, the story of Beatrice Dandolo was used to create the storyline of the film “The Brothers Grimm”. When creating the outfit for the image of the Mirror Queen, the costume designers partially relied on portraits of Beatrice.

Vampire from Wurzburg

Who are vampires? The history of the legend of the 30s of the 19th century tells that on the territory of Bavaria there were also events related to vampires. Dr. Heinrich Spatz lived in the city of Würzburg. He was a respected, worthy man. As a practicing physician, he published several works on medicine that became part of world practice. But some facts of his life story suggest his involvement in the Nosferatu clan.

According to the data, the doctor had his medical practice and was responsible for the hospital for the poor. For a long time married couple Spatz did not attract much attention to herself. But after the doctor quit his job and left the city, the police received alarming news about missing people. The doctor's former assistants said they could prove the doctor's involvement in the disappearance of Joachim Feber, who was a gatekeeper at the hospital. After a search of the former hospital, many bodies were found, one of them had characteristic feature, which identified the missing Feber. It was not possible to find a doctor. But, according to the protocols, one of the assistants who reported on him died under mysterious circumstances.

Bloody secrets of Bulgaria

Who are vampires? The history of the Bulgarians and their beliefs are also no less interesting. According to folk legends, becoming a vampire is very evil person. Moreover, it concerned exclusively men suspected of witchcraft. After death, such a person had his heart pierced with a steel rod or

Who are vampires? The origin story suggests that they really existed. This is evidenced by excavations carried out by scientists near the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. The skeletons of two men were found in a stone grave, chests were pierced with steel bars. Similar strange graves have been found before, but in this case it was possible to more fully restore the whole picture due to the good preservation of the remains.

Myths about vampires of Siberia

Who are vampires? The history of the emergence of these creatures is also relevant in Siberian lands. In 1725, the peasant Pyotr Plogoevits died suddenly and was buried in his native village of Kizilov. After some time, Peter’s fellow villagers began to die. The local authorities were alarmed by the fact that in their dying confession they all said that the cause of their illness was constant visits from a Siberian vampire.

Due to pressure from the village population, it was decided to open the peasant’s grave. Imagine the surprise of the inspector who arrived to oversee the exhumation procedure when it turned out that the body of the deceased had undergone almost no changes. These facts were stated in the inspector's report. The villagers took action by driving a stake into Peter's heart and setting his body on fire.

Curse of the Dark Continent

The history of vampires is a creation not only. The inhabitants of Africa also keep many analogues in their epic. In their folklore there is a creature called "fifole". It is a rejected soul that wanders among the human world, attacking the weak and infants. Many of the African tribes keep legends about how a witch cursed a person for his misdeeds, forcing him to drink the blood of loved ones. They took these superstitions with them to America as slaves.

Who are vampires? The history of the appearance speaks of one of the documentary references to such a created vampire, which dates back to 1729. The incident occurred in the state of Virginia at the villa of Gregory Wattstock, a wealthy landowner. By order of his wife, one of the young servants was severely flogged. Due to the severity of the punishment, the child died. His mother was known as a powerful witch among black slaves. Allegedly, she placed a curse on the entire plantation owner's family.

A common disease at that time was consumption, which soon claimed the life of Mrs. Wattstock. After some time, she died mysteriously eldest daughter. A younger son complained to the priest that before his death his sister visited them deceased mother. After this statement, the relatives visited the cemetery and burned the corpses, which was documented by the Reverend Father.

Who are vampires? The history of creation is very interesting and exciting. But in the modern world, the image of a vampire has changed in many ways. He was given a touch of piquancy and gloss. But do not forget that behind all the tinsel lies a completely unattractive content.