06.11.2019

Modern French anthem. Anthem of France - abstract. A Brief History of the French Anthem

The anthem of the French Republic is currently the Marseillaise.

Story

IN different periods the history of France, the function of official and unofficial hymns was performed by the following songs:

Until 1792, the royal anthem was Domine, salvum fac regem ("God Save the King"), written in 1686 by the duchesse de Brinon, and possibly inspired by Psalm 29. The words were set to music by J.-B. Lully. This anthem became the basis for british anthem"God save the king", and from him - and the Russian "God save the Tsar!".
Until 1790, the song "Long live Henry IV!" was popular. (fr. Vive Henri IV!).
On July 14, 1795, the Marseillaise was declared the anthem of France.
During the reign of Napoleon I from 1804 to 1814/15, the French anthem was the song Marching song (fr. Le Chant du Départ)
During the restoration, the Marseillaise was banned. From 1830 to 1848, the revolutionary song La Parisienne was the national anthem.
During the Second Empire, the song Partant pour la Syrie served as an anthem.
In the Third Republic (1871-1940), the Marseillaise again became the anthem.
Under the Vichy Regime (1940-1945) the song Marshal, we are here had a similar meaning to the Marseillaise! (Maréchal, nous voilà).
According to the constitutions of the Fourth Republic (1946) and the Fifth Republic (1958), the anthem is the Marseillaise.

Marseillaise

"Marseillaise" (fr. La Marseillaise - "Marseille", "Marseille") - the most famous song The Great French Revolution, which first became the anthem of the revolutionaries, and then of the whole country. The Marseillaise was originally called "Military March of the Army of the Rhine". The march was written on the night of April 25, 1792 by the military engineer Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle, a few days after revolutionary France declared war on "the king of Bohemia and Hungary." Rouget de Lisle sang it for the first time in the house of his friend Dietrich (fr.) Russian, and a few months later Dietrich again heard this song already performed by the crowd when he went to the scaffold. With this song, on July 30, 1792, the Marseille Volunteer Battalion entered Paris. On November 24, 1793, the Convention chooses "La Marseillaise" as the national anthem of France.

After the events of 1848, when the revolutionary wave swept across Europe, "La Marseillaise", personifying the struggle against tyranny and the desire for freedom, becomes the song of the revolutionaries of the whole world. It sounds on the battlefields and during the Paris Commune in 1871. On July 17, 1941, it was banned by the German occupation administration of Northern France, but continued to be the anthem of the Vichy government.

The Russian text to this music called "Working Marseillaise", which is not a translation from French, was written by P. L. Lavrov in 1875. The "Workers' Marseillaise" was used for some time after the February Revolution of 1917 as the anthem of Russia along with the "Internationale"

Anthem text

National anthem of France in native language:

Premier couplet:

Allons enfants de la Patrie,
Le jour de gloire est arrivé!
Contre nous de la tyrannie
L'étendard sanglant est levé, (bis)
Entendez vous dans les campagnes
Mugir ces feroces soldats ?
Ils viennent jusque dans vos bras
Égorger vos fils, vos compagnes!

Aux armes, citoyens,
Formez vos bataillons,
Marchons, marchons!
Qu'un sang impur
Abreuve nos sillons!

Que veut cette horde d'esclaves,
De traîtres, de rois conjurés?
Pour qui ces ignobles entraves,
Ces fers des longtemps prepares? (bis)
Français, pour nous, ah! quel outrage!
Quels transports il doit exciter!
C'est nous qu'on ose mediter
De rendre à l'antique esclavage!
Refrain

Quoi! des cohortes etrangeres
Feraient la loi dans nos foyers!
Quoi! ces phalanges mercenaires
Terrasseraient nos fiers guerriers! (bis)
Grand Dieu! par des mains enchaînées
Nos fronts sous le joug se ploieraient
De vils despotes deviendraient
Les maîtres de nos destinées!
Refrain

Tremblez, tyrans et vous perfides
L'opprobre de tous les partis,
Trembles! vos projets parricides
Vont enfin recevoir leurs prix! (bis)
Tout est soldat pour vous combattre,
S'ils tombent, nos jeunes héros,
La terre en produit de nouveaux,
Contre vous tout prêts à se battre!
Refrain

Français, en guerriers magnanimes,
Portez ou retenez vos coups!
Épargnez ces tristes victims,
A regret s'armant contre nous. (bis)
Mais ces despotes sanguinaires,
Mais ces complices de Bouille,
Tous ces tigres qui, sans pitié,
Dechirent le sein de leur mere!
Refrain

Amour sacré de la Patrie,
Conduis, soutiens nos bras vengeurs
Liberte, Liberte cherie,
Combats avec tes defendeurs! (bis)
Sous nos drapeaux que la victoire
Accoure a tes mâles accents,
Que tes ennemis expirants
Voient ton triomphe et notre gloire!
Refrain

Couplet 7 (dit " couplet des enfants "):

Nous entrerons dans la carriere
Quand nos aînés n'y seront plus,
Nous y trouverons leur poussiere
Et la trace de leurs vertus (bis)
Bien moins jaloux de leur survivre
Que de partager leur cercueil,
nous aurons le sublime orgueil
De les venger ou de les suivre
Refrain

Line-by-line translation:

First couplet:

Get up, sons of the Fatherland,
The day of glory has arrived!
Raised against us
Blood flag of tyranny
Do you hear in your villages
The roar of bloodthirsty soldiers?
They're coming straight for you
To cut your sons, your girlfriends!

To arms, citizens,
Arrange in battalions
Let's go, let's go!
Let the impure blood
Soak our fields!

What does this horde of slaves need
Traitors, conspiracy kings?
For whom are these disgusting fetters,
These fetters that have been preparing for a long time?
The French, for us, eh! what an insult
What a rush of feelings it must cause!
It's us they dare to want
Give into slavery, as in ancient times!
Chorus

What are these foreign cohorts
They would make it law for us!
Who are these mercenary hands
Would you slay? Our brave warriors!
God Almighty! Our hands would bind
And we were bent under oppression,
And vile despots would become
Masters of our destinies!
Chorus

Tremble, tyrants and you traitors,
total disgrace,
Tremble! Your parricide plans
Finally get what they deserve!
All will become soldiers to fight against you,
And if they fall then our young heroes
That the earth will give birth again
Everyone will be ready to fight against you!
Chorus

The French, noble in their militancy,
Strike or hold your blows!
Spare these sad victims
Who come with weapons against us against their will,
But not these bloodthirsty despots,
Not these accomplices of the hated General Buje,
Not all of these tigers that without pity
Tearing their mother's breasts!
Chorus

Holy love of the Motherland,
Hold, support our hand of vengeance,
Freedom, dear freedom
Fight with your defenders!
Under our flags let victory
Hurry loudly,
May your defeated enemies
They see your triumph and our glory!
Chorus

We'll go through life
When our older comrades are no longer there,
But we will find their ashes there,
A trace of their virtues
Surviving them, but more envious,
That they did not share the grave with them,
We will be proud that
We avenge them or we follow them
Chorus

Literary translation:

First couplet:

Sons of the Fatherland, get up,
The great, glorious day has come!
Answer the challenge to the enemies,
Their camp raised a bloody flag, (twice)
Hear the country groan
Under the yoke of a terrible soldier,
They break into your house
Both daughter and mother killing!

To arms, citizen!
Let's close our ranks
Go-go!
And our fields and gardens,
In an instant, impure blood will flood,

What does this horde want to do
Slaves and unfortunate kings?
Who cooks so hard
Your cart of fetters and chains? (twice)
They are for us! Will the French tolerate
A load of dishonor, because we are challenged?
Forever we dropped the bonds
And we cannot return the chain of slavery to our feet!
Chorus

No, foreign hirelings
They will not impose their own law on us!
We can be killed by them
But the camp will not bend in bow, (twice)
Oh God, save our people!
If we fall, we do not expect mercy,
Us despot can without hope
Keep everyone in line forever!
Chorus

Tremble, vile tyrants,
and you, someone else's hired rabble,
For your diabolical plans
Your deserved punishment awaits! (twice)
We are all fighters on the battlefield
The heroes of France are countless
When they fall, see for yourself
Fatherland righteous revenge!
Chorus

Remember honor, French,
Have mercy on yours!
To those whom enemy bonds
Unwilling to be with us in battle! (twice)
But what about bloody despots?
And what about Buie's accomplices?
Animals only know the right
Eat the flesh in the mother's womb!
Chorus

Love for country and people
Give us strength for our revenge
And you, beautiful freedom,
Lead us into battle for truth and honor! (twice)
Victory, you are rightfully waiting for us,
Help us drive out the enemies,
Let the broken enemies see
And your triumph, and our glory!
Chorus

Verse 7 (so-called "children's verse"):

We will join the ranks with renewed vigor,
Brave ancestors replacing
We will find their ashes and graves,
Where the light of their courage shone! (twice)
Not regretting their fates
They met the news of death,
And the choice dictates to us honor -
Revenge them or follow them!
Chorus

Hello Lord! Please support the project! It takes money ($) and mountains of enthusiasm every month to maintain the site. 🙁 If our site helped you and you want to support the project 🙂, then you can do this by listing cash in any of the following ways. By transferring electronic money:

R819906736816 (wmr) rubles.
Z177913641953 (wmz) dollars.
E810620923590 (wme) Euro.
Payeer Wallet: P34018761
Qiwi wallet (qiwi): +998935323888
DonationAlerts: http://www.donationalerts.ru/r/veknoviy

The help received will be used and directed to the continued development of the resource, Payment for hosting and Domain.

Anthem of France Updated: January 11, 2017 By: admin

La Marseillaise

Allons enfants de la Patrie
Le jour de gloire est arrivé
Contre nous de la tyrannie
L\"étendard sanglant est levé (2x)
Entendez vous dans les campagnes
Mugir ces feroces soldats
Ils viennent jusque dans vos bras,
Egorger vos fils, vos compagnes

(Refrain:)
Aux armes citoyens! Formez vos bataillons!
marchons, marchons,
Qu\"un sang impur abreuve nos sillons

Que veut cette horde d\"esclaves
De traîtres, de Rois conjurés?
Pour qui ces ignobles entraves,
Ces fers des longtemps prepares? (2x)
Francais! pour nous, ah! quel outrage!
Quels transports il doit exciter!
C\"est nous qu\"on ose méditer
De rendre à l\"antique esclavage!

Quoi! des cohortes etrangeres
Feraient la loi dans nos foyers?
Quoi! ces phalanges mercenaires
Terrasseraient nos fiers guerriers (2x)
Grand Dieu! par des mains enchaînées
Nos fronts sous le joug se ploieraient,
De vils despotes deviendraient
Les maîtres de nos destinées?

Tremblez, tyrans! et vous, perfides,
L\"opprobe de tous les partis,
Trembles! vos projets parricides
Vont enfin recevoir leur prix (2x).
Tout est soldat pour vous combattre,
S\"ils tombent, nos jeunes héros,
La terre en produit de nouveaux
Contre vous tous prêts à se battre

Francais! en guerrier magnanimes
Portez ou retenez vos coups.
Epargnez ces tristes victims
A regret s\"armant contre nous (2x).
Mais le despote sanguinaire
Mais les complices de Bouille,
Tous ces tigres qui sans pitié
Dechirent le sein de leur mere

Amour sacré de la Patrie
Conduis, soutiens nos bras vengeurs!
Liberte, Liberte cherie!
Combats avec tes defendeurs (2x).
Sous nos drapeaux, que la victoire
Accoure a tes mâles accents,
Que tes ennemis expirant
Voient ton triomphe et notre gloire!

nous entrerons dans la carriere,
Quand nos aînés n\"y seront plus
Nous y trouverons leur poussiere
Et les traces de leurs vertus. (2x)
Bien moins jaloux de leur survivre
Que de partager leur cercueil,
nous aurons le sublime orgueil
De les venger ou de les suivre!

Marseillaise

Oh, children of the motherland, forward!
The day of our glory has come;
An army of tyrants is coming against us,
Raise the bloody banner! (bis)
Can you hear among the fields
Soldier ferocious these cries?
They promise, ominously wild,
Murders of women and children.

(Chorus:)
To arms, citizens!
Join the ranks you!
Let the blood of the enemy
Our fields will get drunk!

What does she need, a horde of slaves,
And these kings to the union?
Prepare the shame of their chains
They have long been French! (bis)
Yes, that's for us! What a disgrace!
Great anger burns in the hearts:
Who dares to start it
Are we talking about our slavery?

How! We prescribe the law
They want cohorts of foreigners
And drive us out of the houses
Crowds of hired ragamuffins! (bis)
Great God! Bind us!
We put the yoke on the neck,
So that despots, evil tyrants,
We could continue to command!

Let every tyrant tremble
With its shameful crowd!
Let the plans of insidious countries
They will pay their price! (bis)
Everyone became a soldier with us:
Young heroes die
The earth will give birth to their new twice,
To smash you with weapons!

French people! Your high spirit
You will demand mercy
For those of whom there is a true rumor,
That they are not happy to fight! (bis)
Not that - this bloody despot,
Buye accomplices direct,
They are not people - tigers are evil,
That they tear their mother's breast...

Holy love for the motherland,
Lead us down the road of vengeance.
Freedom! Let for our blood
And for you they have no forgiveness! (bis)
And let your mighty call
Victory will fly to the banners,
And the gaze of an arrogant neighbor
Will see Glory to us love.

We will follow the same path
as the elders will not be alive.
We will find their ashes on the way:
No one will ever forget their bravery. (bis)
We're better off than living through them
Follow them to the graves.
We will all strain our strength -
Even die, but take revenge!

FRANCE ANTHEM: history of creation and formation

The history of the anthem of the French Republic, oddly enough for some, was not so easy. It is well known that this anthem is one of the most revolutionary songs in the world "Marseillaise" . And this revolutionary spirit of hers in modern bourgeois-socialist France confuses few people.

The author of words and music "La Marseillaise" is the captain of the French revolutionary army, construction specialist fortifications Claude-Joseph Rouget, better known by his double surname Rouget de Lisle (1760-1836).

The second surname did not arise by chance. Since the father wanted to make an officer out of his eldest son, and for admission to military school in those monarchical times, it was required to be born a nobleman, and not the son of a lawyer. Therefore, the father of Claude-Joseph and his seven brothers and sisters acquired the rights to an abandoned, worthless and useless piece of roadside land, which was called l’Isle. Subsequently, he added this name to his surname. The future poet was accepted into the Military School, and the apostrophe after the article disappeared during the revolutionary confusion.

Fate Claude Joseph Rouget was not particularly outstanding. And even outstanding vice versa. He has been consistently unlucky since birth. In early childhood, when his mother was shopping in the city market, the future poet plopped right on the pavement, which left him humpbacked for life. Because of this, he was constantly unlucky with women. His first girlfriend was a lady-in-waiting to Queen Marie Antoinette, and the Queen herself caught them one night. The girl lost her place, and the future officer began to dislike the monarchy. Although he later admitted that the 22-year-old queen fascinated him.

A little while later, Claude Joseph Rouget managed to get acquainted and betrothed to a certain girl from a decent family. However, at the celebrations in honor of the engagement, a rocket fired by him with his own hand killed his own bride. Experiences finally turned him towards poetry and philosophy. After completing his studies, he became a teacher at military school in Mezieres. From where he was transferred to the garrison in Grenoble. All this time composer of the French anthem studied poetry and even wrote an opera in three acts "Almanzor and Felina".

He met the Great French Revolution of 1789 with enthusiasm and volunteered for the Republican army, where he received the rank of captain and was sent to the garrison of Strasbourg. There composer of the French anthem again, he didn’t particularly go into the affairs of the service, but rather hung out in secular salons, sighing for beautiful women.

More about the French anthem:

One day, namely on April 25, 1792, at a ball with the governor of the city, Baron Dietrich, the messenger brought the news that Louis XVI, under pressure from the National Assembly, had declared war on Austria. Salon met this news with delight. Everyone began vying to discuss the joys of a future victory and a new happy life, promising to be after it. And also, in the meantime, the forthcoming performance of the Army of the Rhine towards the Austrians. The idea arose about new anthem , inspiring fighters to fight for a brighter future. Baron Dietrich approached our captain with this idea. Rouget de Lisle did not immediately catch fire with this idea and at first very actively refused. But the persistent requests of the audience, especially the young Baroness Dietrich, inspired him to do this.

Literally immediately, he rushed to his house, tearing off a revolutionary poster on the way from the fence, as he lacked paper. The poster called for volunteers for the army and was called: “Compatriots to arms!”. Evil tongues claim that he simply rhymed this poster. Be that as it may, on the same night he wrote this main, as it turned out later, work of his life.

As soon as the sun came up Claude Joseph Rouget has already returned to the salon with his new chanson, where he performed it in front of the audience, who had already forgotten about their revolutionary impulse. Tired after the party, the baron was not particularly enthusiastic, but his baroness was delighted. The Baron had no choice but to immediately give the order to publish this song under the title "War Song of the Army of the Rhine" . So this family, soon beheaded by the Jacobins, gave a start to the life of the future French anthem .

Hymn song was printed on leaflets in a local printing house. The army conscientiously carried out the order, and the soldiers diligently sang this song as they marched out of the city. However, the townspeople showed irresponsibility and a huge number of leaflets remained undistributed and were thrown away, right in the printed packaging, in the trash, near the market. It played a decisive role in the fate of the future anthem .

At the market, these brand new packs caught the eye of fruit dealers from Marseilles, who initially tried to use them for packaging. And then they took the remaining amount with them to Marseille, where they successfully sold it for the newest metropolitan revolutionary tune . Marseilles, who suffered from an inferiority complex because of their provinciality, immediately picked up this song, trying to show their advancement. The Marseille volunteers were especially successful in this, who, going to war with Austria, while passing through Paris, yelled this song everywhere, with or without reason. Why did the name stick to her? "Marseillaise" , i.e. Marseille song. The Parisians, of course, did not know about the origin of this song. But they had the pleasure of listening to it day and night. The government, having decided that the people were singing this for a reason, decided to support this revolutionary impulse of the masses and by a decree of Messidor 26 of the III year of the great era (or, in a simple way, July 14, 1795 from the birth of Christ) "La Marseillaise" became the national anthem of France .

Myself author of the anthem recognized this good news, while in line for the guillotine in a Strasbourg prison, where he ended up after another coup during a new wave of terror, for his, although not entirely pure, noble origin. However, he was out of luck here. This news was received not officially, but from a letter from his mother, who was violently indignant that under the name of the author of this chanson, which set everyone on edge, is the name of her son. Knowing that he has become author of the national anthem , our author got a little crazy, and spent time constantly singing his own song. For which he was repeatedly beaten by cellmates who took it for a mockery. However, he was lucky in another way. While his cellmates climbed the guillotine one by one, the head of the prison did not dare to send author of the national anthem and turned to the capital for instructions.

Having saved his life, he was unlucky in another. When the answer from Paris was finally received, Rouget de Lisle was already at large, since the terror ended before the answer came, and he was released under an amnesty. Slava did not find the poet. The author rushed to Paris for fame, where he made numerous attempts to claim his authorship and clear the song of amateur overdubs. All these attempts were unsuccessful. The Republic was not up to it.

A little time passed, and France experienced a new revolutionary upheaval. But this one was something special - Bonaparte came to power. Rouget de Lisle met Bonaparte's rise to power in Paris, where he wrote songs, none of which were successful. However, he was received in the salon of Josephine Beauharnais, who felt sympathy for the poor author and attached him as a music teacher at the French Embassy in Holland. Our poet, however, considered this not a very good option for his genius. Repeated attempts to attract the attention of Bonaparte himself did not bring success. The latter at that time in Italy was winning back the fruits of Suvorov's successes and he had no time for old songs with new lyrics. Herself "Marseillaise" was banned, as a reminder of the times of terror, when every blow of the guillotine was accompanied by this sweet melody. And as a reminder of the times of revolutions and upheavals. As a result Rouget de Lisle disliked Bonaparte and even openly accused him of tyranny.

Lyricist of the Marseillaise retired to his village in the Jura Mountains, near the Alps, where he occupied himself with reflections on the subject that better republic or monarchy. The monarchists did not accept him into their ranks. It would be strange if they complained author of the revolutionary anthem . And he took up winemaking in anticipation of the return of the king.

Napoleon flew like a whirlwind, sweeping and sweeping everything across Europe and disappeared into the wilderness of the Atlantic Ocean. The Bourbons returned to France on Russian-Austrian bayonets. Our poet gladly received this news. In Paris, he presented Alexander I with a poem in his honor "To the Hero of the Century and the Pride of History!". He dedicated a number of verses to him, but the king did not mark him with his attention. Then, when the forgotten Bourbon monarchy was pulled from the dustbin of history and "restored" on the throne. Our 55-year-old poet, in order to increase the popularity of the monarch, offered his chanson with a new text. Rightly believing that the king would have unpleasant memories of his guillotined predecessor, he also suggested absolutely a new hymn called "Long Live the King!" . As well as many other essays on the topic of the day. The royal court responded to these initiatives with a ban decree "La Marseillaise" like a song evoking a reminder of the revolution.

In 1825, the All-Russian Emperor Alexander I died. The iron grip of the European gendarme weakened and a new wave of revolutions swept across Europe. The July Revolution of 1830 placed King Louis-Philippe of France on the throne, who, wanting to please his revolutionary people, restored Marseillaise as a national anthem and appointed a state pension to the poet, impoverished in winemaking. But this did not help him, finally ruined on poetry and grapes, the poet lost all his property. He was sheltered by kind people from the village of Choisy-le-Roi, where he died in 1836, completely forgotten by the whole world. At the funeral, the schoolchildren, brought by the local priest, sang official text of the Marseillaise , which Rouger de Lily during his lifetime was never able to free from other people's couplets.

Marseillaise on this, of course, not only did she not die, but rather it was after this that she healed full life. The devastation in the country, the consequences of revolutionary experiments and post-revolutionary restructuring and reforms brought the country to the brink and France burned with a new revolutionary fire. Fearing new revolutionary unrest, the king hastened to get rid of Marseillaise . Shortly after the death of its author, the song was banned again. However, in 1840 Hector Berlioz made a new musical arrangement and the song acquired the sound that we know and which led the French in 1848 to a new assault on the Bastille. New victory of the revolution and again Marseillaise - national anthem . The accession of Napoleon III and the song is prohibited. It was finally proclaimed National Anthem of France in 1878 after the announcement of the constitution of the Third Republic. New political upheavals in France, which led to the proclamation of the 4th and 5th republics, did not shake Marseillaise. To this day it is the anthem of France. and calls the French people to fight against tyrants for a brighter future.

current version Marseillaise consists of 6 verses, of which five belong to the pen of Claude-Joseph Rouget de Lisle and one to Antoine Pesonneau, a school teacher from Isère, who significantly supplemented the song during the passage of Marseille volunteers through his town. Music orchestrated by Berlioz, slightly modernized during the reign of Valéry Giscard de Steen. In 1996, the Rouget de Lily Museum was opened in Lons de Saunier at the expense of patrons. At the same time, the only monument to him in France was erected.

It remains to add that some researchers dispute the authorship of Rouget de Lisle in writing Marseillaise . Because in all his life he did not create any other notable work either in prose or in verse, and even more so in music. There is evidence that on the memorable night of April 25, 1792, he left to compose chanson not alone. With him was his friend Ignace Pleyel, who sang the motive Marseillaise . But this chant was also not original. Pleyel sang the march of Assyrius from Esther's oratorio, by Lucien Grison, rector of the Cathedral of Saint-Omer (Pas-de-Calais department), which suffered during the revolution. Ignace Pleyel himself, being an ardent monarchist, was soon forced to leave France and emigrate to England. Until the end of his days, he hid the fact of participation in the creation revolutionary anthem . This fact was made public by his relatives, who, however, did not claim copyright.

La Marseillaise

Allons enfants de la Patrie,
le jour de gloire est arrive
Contre nous de la tyrannie
L "etendard sanglant est leve.
L "etendard sanglant est leve:
Entendez vous dans nos campagnes
Mugir ces feroces soldats?
Qui viennent jusque dans vos bras
Egorger vos fils et vos compagnes.