White oak mushroom description. Porcini mushroom (aka boletus): detailed description with photo. Growing from caps

• Division: Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes)
• Subdivision: Agaricomycotina (Agaricomycetes)
• Class: Agaricomycetes (Agaricomycetes)
• Subclass: Agaricomycetidae (Agaricomycetes)
• Order: Boletales
• Family: Boletaceae
• Genus: Boletus (Boletus)
• View: Boletus reticulatus ( Porcini oak (Boletus net))

Other names:

• Boletus net

• White summer mushroom

• White mushroom net shape

Description:
The cap is 8-25 (30) cm in diameter, initially spherical, then convex or cushion-shaped. The skin is slightly velvety; in mature specimens, especially in dry weather, it becomes covered with cracks, sometimes with a characteristic mesh pattern. The color is very variable, but most often in light tones: coffee, brownish, grayish-brown, leathery brown, ocher, sometimes with lighter spots.

The tubes are loose, thin, the edges of the tubes of young mushrooms are white, then yellow or olive green.

Spore powder olive brown. The spores are brown, according to other sources, honey-yellow, 13-20x3.5-6 microns.

Leg 10-25 cm high, 2-7 cm in diameter, initially club-shaped, cylindrical club-shaped, mature age often cylindrical. Covered along the entire length with a clearly visible white or brownish mesh on a light walnut background.

The pulp is dense, slightly spongy when ripe, especially in the stem: when squeezed, the stem seems to spring back. The color is white, does not change in air, sometimes yellowish under the tubular layer. The smell is pleasant, mushroom, the taste is sweet.

Spreading:
This is one of the most early species porcini mushrooms, appears already in May, bears fruit in layers until October. Grows in deciduous forests, especially under oaks and beeches, as well as with hornbeams, lindens, and in the South with edible chestnuts. Prefers warm climate, more common in mountainous and hilly areas.

Similarities:
Can be confused with others, some of which, for example, Boletus pinophilus, also have a stalk with a mesh, but it covers only the upper part. It should also be noted that in some sources Boletus quercicola (Boletus quercicola) is distinguished as a separate species of the white oak mushroom. Inexperienced mushroom pickers may confuse it with, which is distinguished by a black mesh on the stalk and a pinkish hymenophore. However, he is unlikely to intersect with this form of white, since he is an inhabitant coniferous forests.

Grade:
This is one of the most best mushrooms , among others, the most fragrant when dried. Can be pickled or used fresh.

Video about the boletus reticulum mushroom:

Note:
The porcini mushroom has long been famous for its medicinal properties. Even in Rus', they were used to treat frostbite and ulcers, and tuberculosis. Hercinin, which is a good support for the heart, has been isolated from the mushroom. There is information about the anti-cancer effect of the fungus. In any case, it is useful to eat raw porcini mushrooms in various salads.

White oak mushroom has a mesh shape, which is why it is also called a reticulated porcini mushroom. Grows in deciduous forests with a predominance of oak and beech, very rarely at the junctions of deciduous and coniferous forests, in southern regions in symbiosis with edible chestnut. Typically for of this type The porcini mushroom is characterized by several periods of growth. The first mushroom wave occurs from mid-May to the end of June, the subsequent ones begin only at the end of August.

The cap, up to 30 cm in diameter, is first grayish, then brown with a light coffee tint. It can be both smooth and wrinkled, slightly velvety and dry to the touch. In dry weather, the cap of an adult mushroom literally cracks into nets. Tubular layer in early age white, then turns greenish-yellow. The stem of the mushroom is barrel-shaped at the beginning of growth and eventually transforms into a cylindrical one. The leg is light brown over the entire surface and has a mesh pattern, with a white color at the top, and closer to the base the pattern turns brown. At the base of the leg the surface is pubescent. The pulp is white, hard (especially in young mushrooms), does not change color when broken or cut, and even when dried remains light. The aroma is typical mushroom, the taste is pleasant.

A very tasty edible mushroom with wide culinary uses.

It is similar to the edible, tasty white birch mushroom, which can be distinguished by a lighter color, a mesh pattern occupying only 30% of the stem and a completely different distribution area.

Photos of oak porcini mushroom with reticulate shape

Description of a mesh-shaped porcini mushroom in pictures

What reticulated porcini mushrooms look like, how and where they grow can be clearly seen in the video:

White oak mushroom ( lat.Boletus reticulatus) edible, tubular mushroom of the family Boletaceae ( Boletus) of the Borovik genus. The stem of this mushroom is covered with a clearly visible mesh. One of the earliest porcini mushrooms, it begins to grow in mid-May.

Other names

Boletus reticulum, White summer mushroom, White mushroom reticulated form.

hat

The diameter of the oak porcini mushroom cap is from 50 to 300 mm. At a young age, the mushroom cap is spherical, at an older age it is convex or cushion-shaped. The surface is smooth or wrinkled, slightly velvety, matte in dry weather, and may become covered with small cracks, acquiring a characteristic mesh pattern. The color of the cap is most often light tones. In young mushrooms it is grayish, later brownish, light coffee in color.

In young mushrooms, the tubular layer is white; later, as the mushroom ages, it becomes yellowish-green or olive-green. The length of the tubes is from 10 to 35 mm. The tubes are free, thin, notched at the stem, and lagging behind in maturity. The pores are small and rounded.

Spore powder, spores

The spores are spindle-shaped, brown or honey-yellow in color. They have a smooth surface. Spore size is 13-20 x 4-6 microns. The spore powder is olive-brown in color.

Leg

The stem of the white oak mushroom is from 10 to 25 cm in height, 20 to 70 mm in width. In young mushrooms, the stem is club-shaped; in adulthood, it has a cylindrical shape. The surface of the stem is light brown or light coffee color. Covered along the entire length with a clearly visible white or brownish mesh on a light walnut background.

Pulp

The pulp is thick, fleshy, strong, and has a dense consistency. Slightly spongy at maturity. The pulp is white, does not change color when broken, sometimes it acquires a yellowish tint under the tubular layer. The pulp has a pleasant mushroom aroma and a sweetish taste.

When and where does it grow?

White oak mushroom can be found from mid-May to the end of June. The next wave of growth of the white mushroom is from mid-August to early October. Prefers to grow in deciduous forests, especially under oaks, beeches, hornbeams and lindens. Loves warm climates and hilly areas.

Eating

Porcini oak mushroom is one of the best mushrooms of the first category. It has high taste and nutritional qualities. Suitable for all types of processing. It is the most aromatic mushroom in dried form. After processing it does not darken, which is why it got its name - White. Can be used fresh.

The reticulated boletus is an inveterate inhabitant of forests. The mushroom belongs to the Boletaceae family, the boletus genus.

Without a doubt, it can be cut and placed in a basket, since it is edible. Very often, mushroom pickers consider the reticulated boletus to be a variety of porcini mushroom. But this is a separate species with excellent properties.

Appears mainly in summer time, therefore earning the name “White Summer Mushroom”. It grows mainly in oak groves and deciduous forests.

How not to confuse boletus reticulum with other types of mushrooms? What are its main features?

Description of the Reticulated Boletus

In order to recognize the reticulated boletus in the forest, you need to have an idea of ​​its appearance. From Latin - . For many, the familiar name is Porcini mushroom Oak or Net form.

hat

A mushroom cap is enough large sizes. Its diameter ranges from 8 to 25 cm, depending on the age of the mushroom, as well as the conditions in which it grows.

In some cases, with well-established external factors, namely the weather and a good location, the mushroom cap can grow up to 30-35 cm.

It is covered with a weak velvety skin, pleasant to the touch. Droplets of moisture collect on it.

If the summer is excessively dry, hot, and the mushroom grows in a clearing open to sunlight, then the texture of the cap begins to crack. A grid pattern appears. Small insects find their refuge there.

As for the color of the cap, it changes depending on the location of the mushroom growth. There are dark brown, gray-brown, coffee and ocher colors. Sometimes, with a lack nutrients White spots appear on the mushroom cap, which can grow over time.

If you look under the cap, you can see very thin, almost transparent tubes that do not connect to each other.

Their edges have a white tint, but what older mushroom, the darker the tubes become. Colors can vary from yellow-orange to green. The spores have a yellow or orange tint, less often brown.

The spore powder is brownish or olive in color.

The hat does not fit tightly on the stem and can fall off with the slightest careless movement.

Leg

The stem of this mushroom can reach a length of 10 to 25 cm. The diameter also varies from 2 to 8 cm. In most cases, a cylindrical shape of the stem is observed, however, with age it thins out at the cap and grows at the roots.

The color of the stem of young mushrooms is white, while that of older mushrooms has a light nutty tone. It has a brown mesh on it.

The flesh of the stem of this mushroom is quite dense, however, the older the mushroom, the more spongy its texture.

How do you know if a mushroom is suitable for consumption? This is checked by the leg. To do this, you need to press well on it. If the leg is springy, this means that the mushroom is edible.

Even in an old mushroom, when cut, the flesh has a white tint. Even in the open air its color does not change.

Deep under the tubular layer, the flesh may also have a yellowish tint.

It has its own peculiar pleasant mushroom smell. Has a sweet taste.

Habitat

This mushroom can be classified as an early emerging species. That is why you can find the first white reticulated boletus mushrooms in May. Carefully monitor their location, as mushrooms may appear in the mycelium even before October.

Basically, white oak mushroom is concentrated in deciduous forests. Prefers to appear under linden, beech, oak and chestnut trees.

Mushrooms will not appear in cold climates, they are hobbyists high temperatures, moderate moisture.

They are mostly found in hilly or mountainous areas. Can often be found in middle lane Russia.

Pulp

The flesh of the mushroom cap is different from the stem. It does not have a sweet taste, rather a little salty. The pulp separates easily and has a white tint. Older mushrooms are yellowish, with small inclusions. Has a characteristic mushroom smell.

After boiling, the pulp becomes soft and cutlery literally sinks into it.

When pressed, good flesh should spring back, but if this does not happen, the mushroom is either too old or lacks moisture, as a result of which the taste properties could be damaged.

Fruiting period

You can start looking for mushrooms in mid-May, when the frosts pass and the sun begins to appear. Boletus mushrooms appear very quickly, so literally a few days after settled sunny weather, you can go searching. The largest number of mushrooms occurs in June-July.

But in August - September and even early October there are fewer mushrooms, but still, they appear in forest clearings where the sun is active.

Where does it grow and when to collect Boletus reticulum?

The most active growth of mushrooms can be seen in clearings illuminated by the sun and in deciduous forests.

The reticulated boletus loves the sun's rays.

Loves deciduous and mixed forests. Can often be found on the edges of the forest.

Very often included in mycorrhiza with beech, oak and hornbeam.

Most common in the Belgorod region, Crimea, Stavropol and Krasnodar region. Found in the Caspian region.

It actively bears fruit from May to October, however, you need to take into account unique climatic conditions a separate area of ​​your residence.

Edibility

This mushroom is considered one of the most delicious and edible boletus. It can be used in food in various forms, and in any case it is wonderful.

Dried boletus has a unique aroma and is good in soups.

And also, these mushrooms lend themselves perfectly to pickling.

Mushrooms can be eaten fresh by lightly frying them in oil with potatoes.

White oak mushrooms have long been famous for their special healing properties. Thanks to this mushroom, you can make various decoctions and infusions that treat respiratory diseases. IN Ancient Rus' This mushroom was used to treat ulcers and resulting tuberculosis.

The composition of the mushroom is rich in antioxidant vitamins. Also, the composition contains a substance such as carotene, which has a beneficial effect on the functioning of the heart and blood vessels.

Also, there is an opinion that boletus mushrooms have an antiseptic and anti-carcinogenic effect.

Some people consume them raw, using them in salads, however, we will not advise doing this, as it is quite risky.

Similarities with other mushrooms

The reticulated boletus (Porcini oak mushroom) has a very similar appearance to other types of mushrooms. It is easy to confuse it with other names. This does not threaten anything, since such appearance have many useful and non-poisonous counterparts. However, if processed and cooked incorrectly, mushrooms similar to boletus will give a completely different taste.

1. Most often, reticulated boletus mushrooms are confused with porcini mushrooms. However, attentive mushroom pickers know where the differences are. The leg of the porcini mushroom has a kind of mesh that covers the upper part. But the boletus has no such thing.
2. Also, the so-called “gall mushroom” often grows in deciduous forests. It looks very much like a boletus from above, however, there is one significant difference. The gall fungus has a black mesh, as well as pinkish tubes, which the boletus mushroom cannot boast of. Bile mushrooms Coniferous forests are also chosen for distribution.

Borovik Fichtner is another representative of the family. Just like his predecessor chooses broadleaf forests, appreciates calcareous soils, which are rich in vitamins and minerals. Most often found on Far East and the Caucasus. A significant difference is the absence of tubes, as well as thick padded skin under the cap. It does not bear fruit as much as the reticulated boletus, only from the end of June to the beginning of September. The diameter of the cap of such a mushroom varies from 5 to 15 cm. Its shape has the appearance of a hemisphere. However, the older the mushroom, the flatter the cap becomes.

As for the color, it has a silver-white color. It is easy to confuse them with the reticulated boletus also because they have the same cap diameter and approximately the same length of the stem. However, Fichtner's boletus has a slightly narrower stem diameter, a maximum of only 5 cm. As a result, it looks more elegant. The lower part of the leg also thickens slightly towards the mycelium.

Like the reticulated boletus, Fichtner's boletus belongs to edible mushrooms. It can be consumed in various forms, from fresh to canned. By taste qualities very much reminiscent of mesh, however, there is a slight bitterness.

Another contender, similar both in appearance and in taste, is the porosporous boletus. Like the white one, it has a convex cap, the diameter of which does not exceed 8 centimeters.

The appearance of such a cap is uniform until the first bright rays of sunlight appear, after which it quickly bursts. A whitish pattern appears on the surface, like a mesh.

The color of the mushroom cap has a dark brown or grayish brown undertone.

The leg also has a light brown color.

The lower part itself is dark, while the upper part is boiling white.

Such mushrooms grow in deciduous and coniferous forests. They can be found in areas where moss or low grass is concentrated.

Fruits from early summer to mid-September. Refers to edible mushrooms.

Useful properties and medicine

Mesh boletus per 100g of product offers:

• 34 kilocalories;
• 3.5 g protein;
• 1.2 g carbohydrates;
• 1.6 g fat.

By chemical composition The mushroom is a very valuable product. There is a lot in it:

• proteins;
• dietary fiber;
• lecithin; sodium, potassium, calcium, zinc, phosphorus salts;
• gland;
• antioxidants;
• polyunsaturated fatty acids;
• polysaccharides and so on.

Scientists have found that such porcini mushrooms have their own medicinal properties.

1. They have an analgesic effect, so they are included in some medications.
2. It has a bactericidal effect, so if you get a wound in the forest, then apply a cut of the mushroom to the wound for antiseptic properties.
3. Tonic effect. To do this, in Ancient Rus' they made a decoction with a similar mushroom.
4. Antitumor effect. A controversial conclusion, however, many people who suffer from stomach ulcers often treat themselves with mushroom decoctions.
5. General strengthening effect. The antioxidant contained in boletus reticulum has a beneficial effect on the immune system.
6. Wound healing effect.
7. Antifungal. This ingredient can be used to make topical ointments.
8. Anti-inflammatory effect.
9. Antiviral properties.

In addition, scientists have proven that this mushroom can have a positive effect on the body.

1. For example, with its regular consumption, you can dilate blood vessels.
2. At the same time, the blood vessels are cleansed of various plaques and toxins.
3. We can talk about lowering blood pressure.
4. Once impaired metabolism and the functioning of individual processes in the body are restored.
5. Digestion improves.
6. Decreases the rate of blood clotting. The blood becomes more liquid.
7. If a person suffers from angina, he will notice that Lately stopped suffering from pain.
8. Harmful substances are quickly eliminated from the body. This applies to both heavy salts and metals and carcinogens.

In most cases, the mushroom is used in cooking.

However, the mushroom is also often used for medicinal purposes.

It is used to treat impotence, intestinal infections, tuberculosis, migraines and headaches, weakened immunity, tumors in the female part, to combat problems of cardio-vascular system, with venous disease.

To do this, mushrooms are most often boiled or used in the form of tinctures.

If you have received some kind of wound or a severe bruise has formed on the skin, it is recommended to apply boiled mushrooms to these places.

Also, eating porcini mushroom will be a good prevention for the development of malignant tumors. Decoctions will help prevent stroke or heart attack.

If you manage to find boletus reticulum extract, you can use it to treat various skin diseases. These are ulcers, burns, frostbite areas, and so on. Also, if you suffer from acne, you can treat your face.

The powder from these mushrooms works great for wounds that do not heal for a long time. The same applies to bedsores and ulcers.

The powder can be diluted in water or taken orally.

1. In order to strengthen the body, as well as to avoid sexual disorders, you need to dry about 500 g of 2 boletus reticulum.
2. Grind it well into powder.
3. Then, add about 30 ml of alcohol and 50 g of sugar to the mushrooms. Then everything should be diluted with vodka.
4. This product should be kept refrigerated and used twice a day before meals.

Also effective in combating various diseases is an alcohol tincture.

It is better to make it according to the following recipe.

1. Be sure to separate the caps of the porcini mushrooms from the stems. Rinse them well and dry.
2. Then put it in a liter jar and fill it with water on top.
3. Then, pour vodka over the mushrooms, close well and store for exactly two weeks in a cool, dark place.
4. Strain the product and then use it as directed.

Harm and contraindications

Of course, this flu may not always be harmless and beneficial.