25.10.2019
Budding is a type of asexual or vegetative reproduction in animals and plants. Types of asexual reproduction Budding as a method of reproduction
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The meaning of the word budding
budding in the crossword dictionary
Dictionary of medical terms
Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. D.N. Ushakov
budding
budding, pl. no, cf. (biol.). Asexual reproduction by means of kidneys (see kidney 1 to 2 meanings) or gradually increasing outgrowths of cells.
New explanatory and derivational dictionary of the Russian language, T. F. Efremova.
budding
cf. Asexual reproduction through kidneys (1 * 2) or a gradual increase in the number of cells.
Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998
budding
type asexual reproduction, in which the daughter individuals are formed from outgrowths of the body of the mother organism (kidneys). Budding is characteristic of many fungi, liver mosses, and animals (protozoa, sponges, coelenterates, some worms, bryozoans, wing gills, tunicates). In some cases, budding leads to the formation of colonies.
budding
one of the methods of asexual (vegetative) reproduction of animals and plants. P. is carried out by the formation of a kidney on the maternal organism, an outgrowth from which a new individual develops. Of the plants, some marsupial fungi are capable of P. (for example, yeasts, for which P. is the main method of reproduction), a number of basidiomycetes, and liverwort mosses (they reproduce by so-called brood buds). Protozoans (some flagellates, ciliates, and sporozoa), sponges, coelenterates, some worms, bryozoans, pterygobranchs, and tunicates reproduce among P.'s animals. In animals, P. is external and internal; the first is divided into parietal, in which the kidneys are formed on the mother's body, and stolonial P., when the kidneys are formed on special outgrowths - stolons (some coelenterates and tunicates). At internal P. the new individual develops from the isolated internal site of a body of mother; such are the gemmules of sponges and the statoblasts of bryozoans, which have protective membranes and serve primarily for survival in winter or dry conditions when the mother's organism dies. In a number of animals, P. does not reach the end; young individuals remain connected with the mother's organism; as a result, colonies appear, consisting of many individuals (see. colonial organisms). Sometimes P. can be caused artificially by various effects on the mother's body, such as burns or cuts.
A. V. Ivanov.
Wikipedia
budding
budding- a type of asexual or vegetative reproduction of animals and plants, in which daughter individuals are formed from outgrowths of the body of the mother organism. Budding is characteristic of many fungi, liver mosses and animals (protozoa, sponges, coelenterates, some worms, tunicates, some flagellates, ciliates, sporozoans). In a number of animals, budding does not reach the end, young individuals remain connected to the mother's organism. In some cases, this leads to the formation of colonies. For example, when yeast buds, a thickening forms on the cell, which gradually turns into a full-fledged daughter cell of yeast.
Examples of the use of the word budding in the literature.
Katya had to re-watch a lot of these wretched VIR dramas, both in the form of plot-thematic pictures and scenes that required her direct personal participation, and they all represented the resulting budding geniuses in the form of polar different characters of this or that fairy tale.
Of course, many geniuses were born as a result of budding, but this could only mean that they had the same set of DNA in the nuclei of their cells, but did not imply a complete coincidence of thoughts, goals or ideas.
A colony is formed by reproduction. budding one polyp.
Since, however, the cult of her perfection dominated, such automorphic curvature even tried to exalt - they say, tireless budding and spreading best expresses the nature of Proteus man.
They also reproduce in different ways - by rubbing, pollinating, budding, and sometimes, although unheard of rarely, the so-called tongue-and-groove, which, thank God, did not come to on Encia, a completely normal planet.
budding, one of the methods of asexual (vegetative) reproduction of animals and plants. P. is carried out by the formation of a kidney on the maternal organism - an outgrowth, from which a new individual develops. From plants, certain marsupial fungi are capable of P. (for example, yeast, for to-rykh P. - main. method of reproduction), a number of basidiomycetes, as well as liverwort mosses (the so-called brood buds reproduce). Among P.'s animals, protozoa (some flagellates, ciliates, sporozoans), sponges, coelenterates, some worms, bryozoans, pterygobranchs, and tunicates reproduce. In animals, P. is external and internal; the first is divided into parietal, with Krom the kidneys are formed on the mother's body, and stolonial P., when the kidneys are formed on the special. outgrowths - stolons (some coelenterates and tunicates). With internal The item the new individual develops from the isolated vnutr. part of the mother's body; such are the gemmules of sponges and the statoblasts of bryozoans, which have protective membranes and serve as preim. for experiencing in winter or arid conditions when the mother's body dies. In a number of animals, P. does not reach the end; young individuals remain connected with the mother's organism; as a result, colonies appear, consisting of many individuals (see. colonial organisms). Sometimes P. can be caused artificially by various effects on the mother's body, for example, burns or cuts. A. V. Ivanov
To answer the question of which fungi reproduce by budding, it is necessary to understand the essence of this process. After all, at first glance, mushrooms do not have such a reproductive organ as a kidney. This is a living organism that has properties that are characteristic of plants and animals at the same time. For most fungi, division by spores or parts of the mycelium is actual, although for the animal world it is more typical sexual reproduction. But there is lower class fungi that bud. There are also some exceptions higher mushrooms. This process Also known as vegetative propagation.
For most fungi, division by spores or parts of the mycelium is actual, although sexual reproduction is more characteristic of the animal world.
This process is characteristic of many species of protozoan animals and plants. Budding is called vegetative, or asexual, reproduction of fungi, which consists in the formation of a daughter organism from a parent individual in the form of a protrusion of the cell body. Such living beings are microscopic in size. This process of asexual reproduction begins with nuclear fission. The formed center of the cell moves into an outgrowth that appears on the mother's body. Then the constriction is formed. And after that, this fragment is separated. This process takes about two hours on average. Daughter cells are initially tiny, and it will take time for them to grow and acquire the appearance characteristic of a mature specimen. Budding occurs in some higher fungi and many lower species.
IN rare cases when conditions are unfavorable, the process slows down or stops completely, which is impossible if reproduction is sexual.
This process is characteristic of many types of protozoan animals and plants.
Misconceptions about them are connected precisely with the fact that their life cannot be considered. And yet, without them, humanity would not be able to make wine, beer, and most importantly, antibiotics. The cultivation of mushrooms was of great importance for the course of evolution. Thanks to them, plants spread across the continents. Without them, there would be no forests in the form familiar to man, and, possibly, their inhabitants. The value of mushrooms for the outside world is great. The life of these creatures passes without visible movement, they do not have organs of smell, touch and the rest. In general, nothing to make them look like animals. Therefore, for a long time they were attributed to the kingdom of flora. But they also do not have organs characteristic of plants that contain chlorophyll - this is a green pigment that promotes absorption sunlight and its transformation. This process is not typical for fungi. Therefore, like animals, they feed on organic matter. Thus, they are singled out in a separate kingdom.
Sexual reproduction of mushrooms (video)
Living things that reproduce by budding
When fungi reproduce, budding of hyphae or individual cells occurs. This option division is inherent in yeast - these are unicellular fungi that are round or oval in shape. They live in substrates of liquid or semi-liquid consistency, which consist of a large number organic substances. About 1500 specimens belong to the yeast, which belong to the classes of basidiomycetes and ascomycetes. In wildlife, they are very common and feed on the nectar of flowers, plant sap. These species survive in water and soil, in the intestines of animals. Yeast can grow and multiply very quickly, while changing environment. Sometimes there is a sexual process of reproduction of such fungi, but more often they divide by budding.
When fungi reproduce, budding of hyphae or individual cells occurs.
Smut fungi infect all parts of the plant and cause hypertrophy of plant tissues. They are especially dangerous for cereals. The resulting buds gradually separate, grow and eventually begin to bud themselves.
Vegetative propagation
Vegetative reproduction of mushrooms occurs due to mycelium. Such division is carried out by separate pieces of cells, which, getting into favorable conditions, germinate and give rise to a new fungus. Such a distribution is inherent in the house fungus, honey agaric and other species. A more specialized method of vegetative reproduction, in which the mycelium, due to the peculiarities of its structure, is easily separated into separate cells or spores, each of which subsequently grows into a new such mycelium.
Such disputes include chlamydospores, oidia, gemma and other modifications of the mycelium.
Thus, budding is inherent in rare cases for higher fungi and more often for lower species. Division is inherent in the simplest animals - sponges, some types of worms, the flagellate family, tunicates, ciliates and sporozoans. Many types of mosses (for example, the liver type) and some types of ferns reproduce by bud formation.
Estimate
budding, one of the types of asexual reproduction, found in both protozoa and multicellular animals (sponges, coelenterates, worms and lower chordates). There are simple (with the formation of 1 kidney) and multiple P. (with the simultaneous formation of many kidneys). Simple P. is a modification of the division into two, from which it differs in Ch. arr. inequality of fission products. Whereas during division, the individual splits into two daughter individuals of the same size, during P. the original individual, which is called the mother, separates from itself a certain small part (daughter individual), which only gradually grows and reaches the size of the mother: simple P there is an uneven division. Most often, P. is external in nature, consisting in growing almost on the surface of the maternal organism, and the main embryonic layers of the maternal individual usually continue into the kidney. In other cases, P. consists in the isolation of known groups of cells within a budding organism (internal P.), which groups then form a forming kidney; these are gemmules(see) in sponges, statoblasts in bryozoans. The exit of the internal kidneys to the outside is often preceded by the death and disintegration of the maternal organism. P. can take place either at any point of the body of the organism or only at certain quite definite places of it, which is, for example. the budding zone encircling the body of the hydra, or the so-called bud-like stolon [a special outgrowth on the ventral side of the body of many tunicates (ascidians and barrel worms), which has enhanced growth and is the site of bud formation]. Some authors consider strobilation to be a special type of budding, which consists in the successive separation of a number of buds from one end of the maternal individual; this includes P. scyphistoma or the polypoid stage of scyphomedusa, and it may also be the formation of a number of segments in the strobilus of tapeworms. Very often there is a regular alternation of P. with sexual reproduction, as a result of which life cycle the animal acquires the character of alternation of generations (coelenterates, barrel worms among tunicates, etc.). The resulting buds either immediately develop into an organism similar to the mother's, or do this process only after a certain period of time - resting buds (sponge gemmules, bryozoan statoblasts). Unfinished P. leads to the formation of colonies, for example. in sponges, hydroid and scyphoid polyps, bryozoans And some others. V. Dogel.See also:
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- LUMBAR REGION(regio lumbalis) is part of the posterior wall of the abdomen. Its borders: from above - the XII rib, from below - the iliac crest, from the outside - the posterior axillary line and the medial line of the spinous processes of Lii-v. More accurately upper bound determined...
- LUMBOSACACIAL PLEXUS, plexus lumbo-sacralis, peripheral part nervous system, giving rise to the motor and sensory nerves of the pelvic girdle, perineum, pelvic viscera, genital organs, and finally the nerves of the lower limb. It is formed by connecting the front ...
- LUMBAR PURCHASE(punctio lumbalis, lumbar or lumbar puncture) is performed to obtain cerebrospinal fluid from spinal canal. According to Quincke, n. n. is produced between Lin and Liv. According to Tuffier, the puncture should be done between...
- RIGHT-HANDED preferred use by most people right hand when performing such motor acts as writing, drawing, etc. Similarly to left-handedness, right-handedness can be congenital and forced. Forced P. happens in ...
budding budding
one of the methods of vegetative reproduction, carried out by the formation of a kidney on the mother's body - an outgrowth, from which a new individual develops. P. is characteristic of certain marsupials, a number of basidiomycetes, and also liver mosses that reproduce the so-called. brood buds. Among animals, sponges, coelenterates, some ciliates, worms, bryozoans, pterygobranchs, and tunicates reproduce by P.. In animals, P. is external and internal. The first is divided into parietal, in which the kidneys are formed on the mother's body, and stolonial, when the kidneys are formed on the special. outgrowths - stolons (in some coelenterates and tunicates). With internal The item the new individual develops from the isolated vnutr. part of the mother's body - such are the gemmules of sponges and the statoblasts of bryozoans, which have protective membranes and serve as preim. for experiencing in winter or arid conditions when the mother's body dies. In a number of animals, P. does not reach the end - the young individuals remain connected to the mother's organism, as a result of which a colony arises. P. can be called artificially decomp. adverse effects on the mother's body, for example. burn or cut.
.(Source: Biological encyclopedic Dictionary." Ch. ed. M. S. Gilyarov; Editorial: A. A. Babaev, G. G. Vinberg, G. A. Zavarzin and others - 2nd ed., corrected. - M.: Sov. Encyclopedia, 1986.)
buddingA method of vegetative reproduction of organisms, when an outgrowth is formed on the mother's organism - a kidney, from which a new organism develops. Some fungi, mosses, as well as ciliates, sponges, coelenterates, worms and a number of other invertebrates reproduce by budding. Budding in animals is external, when the kidneys are formed on the mother's body, and internal, when the kidneys are isolated from the inner part of the mother's body. In the case when budding does not reach the end and young individuals are connected to the mother's organism, a colony is formed.
.(Source: "Biology. Modern Illustrated Encyclopedia." Editor-in-Chief A.P. Gorkin; M.: Rosmen, 2006.)
Synonyms:
See what "BUDING" is in other dictionaries:
Budding is a type of asexual or vegetative reproduction of animals and plants, in which daughter individuals are formed from outgrowths of the body of the mother organism (kidneys). Budding is characteristic of many fungi, liver mosses and animals ... ... Wikipedia
A type of asexual reproduction in which the offspring are formed from outgrowths of the mother's body (kidneys). Budding is characteristic of many fungi, liver mosses and animals (protozoa, sponges, coelenterates, some worms, bryozoans, ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
budding, a method of asexual reproduction in which a new organism grows on the body of a parent. For example, hydras (small freshwater polyps) often reproduce by budding in spring summer period. On the parent individual, a small ... ... Scientific and technical encyclopedic dictionary
budding, budding, pl. no, cf. (biol.). Asexual reproduction by means of kidneys (see kidney 1 in 2 meanings) or gradually increasing outgrowths of cells. Dictionary Ushakov. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov
A method of vegetative reproduction typical of yeasts and some bacteria. It consists in the formation of a protrusion of the mother cell, which develops into a new cell (kidney). The kidney can separate from the mother cell or remain ... ... Dictionary of microbiology
Exist., Number of synonyms: 1 reproduction (31) ASIS Synonym Dictionary. V.N. Trishin. 2013 ... Synonym dictionary
budding- BUDDING, one of the types of asexual reproduction, found both in protozoa and in multicellular animals (sponges, coelenterates, worms and lower chordates). There are simple (with the formation of 1 kidney) and multiple P. (with simultaneous ... ... Big Medical Encyclopedia
budding- A form of vegetative reproduction is the formation of an outgrowth (kidney) on the maternal organism, from which a daughter individual develops; P. is characteristic of some fungi, liver mosses, sponges, coelenterates, some worms, bryozoans, ciliates; ... ... Technical Translator's Handbook
budding- * smudge bath * budding 1. One of the forms of vegetative (asexual) reproduction (). 2. In bacteria, yeast and plants, the process of bud formation. 3. Enveloped viruses (e.g., influenza virus, Sindbis virus) have a type of exit from the host cell, in which ... Genetics. encyclopedic Dictionary
I; cf. Biol. Asexual reproduction by the formation of kidneys (1.P .; 2 signs). Study of budding processes. Polyps reproduce by budding. * * * budding is a type of asexual reproduction in which daughter individuals are formed from outgrowths of the body ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Books
- Big medical encyclopedia. volume 27 Budding - Psoriasis, N.A. Semashko. Big Medical Encyclopedia sets itself the task of being not only a scientific reference book on all issues of medicine and related fields, but also to give the reader information with which he ...
