Journey along the Italian river. Rivers and lakes of Italy What is the name of the main river of Italy

Rivers are often located above the level of the plain; to prevent floods, they are protected by dams, the breakthrough of which leads to large floods (the latter happened in 2006). The rivers of northern Italy, in addition to rain feeding, are also fed by snow and glaciers, they are characterized by spring-summer and autumn floods, the rivers are used for irrigation. Alpine rivers are a source of hydropower. The rivers of the Apennine peninsula and islands are less abundant in water, they are fed mainly by rain, the flood is autumn or winter, and they often dry up in summer. The largest are the Arno and the Tiber.

List of the largest rivers by length

List of longest rivers in Italy.

Notes

130 (one hundred and thirty) - natural number, located between the numbers 129 and 131.

Adriatic sturgeon (Acipenser naccarii) is a fish of the sturgeon family. Rare little-studied species.

Small sturgeon, as an exception, reaches a length of 2 m and a weight of 25 kg, usually much smaller. It is very close to the Russian sturgeon, possibly being its evaded intraspecific form. It differs from the latter by a large number of gill rakers: it has 30-35 of them, while the Russian sturgeon usually has less than 30 of them. IN dorsal fin 36-48 rays, in the anal - 24-31. The color of the body varies from grayish-brown to almost black, the belly is whitish.

Passage view. For breeding, it enters the rivers of northern Italy, Yugoslavia and Albania: Po, Adige, Brenta, Livenets, Cetina, etc.

In the sea, it keeps near the coast, at depths from 10 to 40 m, usually near the mouths of rivers. It enters the rivers of Italy during the first months of the year, and remains in fresh water until October. Spawning occurs in February-March. Growth, reproduction, fertility, caviar development, nutrition and other aspects of its biology have not been studied.

Due to its rarity, this sturgeon has no economic value. There are no data on its population. Efforts are currently being made artificial breeding.

Allia (Aliya, Aya; Italian Allia, lat. Allia) is a small river in the Italian region of Lazio, the left tributary of the Tiber. It originates in the mountains near the location of the ancient Roman city of Crustumerium, flows near the city of Monterotondo and flows into the Tiber about 10 km above Rome.

The Apennine Peninsula (Italian: Penisola appenninica; also Penisola italiana - “Italian Peninsula”) is one of the largest peninsulas in Europe, located in the south of the continent and washed by the waters of the Mediterranean Sea. The peninsula contains most of mainland Italy, as well as the Republic of San Marino, the theocratic state of the Vatican City, and sometimes considered a dwarf state by the Order of Malta. The peninsula got its name from the Apennine mountains, stretching along its most part.

The area of ​​the Apennine Peninsula is 149 thousand km². Length - about 1100 km, width - from 130 to 300 km. In the north, the peninsula is bounded by the Padana Lowland, in the west it is washed by the Tyrrhenian Sea, in the east by the Adriatic Sea, in the south by the Ionian Sea.

A feature of the Apennine Peninsula is high seismicity, modern mountain building, ancient and modern volcanic activity (Albanian mountains, Amiata, Vulsini, Vulture, Vesuvius, Phlegrean fields). Strong earthquakes are not uncommon for the Apennine Peninsula. These processes are due to the global tectonic process of movement lithospheric plates, when the African Plate collides and moves under the Eurasian Plate, on which Europe is located.

Vipava (Slovenian Vipava) is a river in Slovenia and Italy, a left tributary of the Sochi River.

The length of the river is 49 km, of which 44 km are in Slovenia, 5 km in Italy. The pool area is 598 km² (not including the underground pool).

It originates from a karst spring in the town of Vipava. It flows along the right edge of the Vipava valley near the Karst plateau. It flows into the Socha River in Italy.

During the Roman Empire, the river was called Frigid (Frigidus - cold). In 394, the Battle of the Frigid River took place near the river, which largely predetermined the fate of the Roman Empire.

Italy is a state in Southern Europe, in the center of the Mediterranean. The total area of ​​​​the country is 301,230 km², on its territory there are the southern slopes of the Alps, the Padan Plain, the Apennine Peninsula (famous for its shape resembling a boot), as well as the islands of Sicily, Sardinia and numerous small islands.

Monte Viso (or Monviso) (Italian Monte Viso, or Monviso; ox. Vísol; drink. Brich Monviso, or Viso) is the highest peak of the Kot Alps. The peak with a height of 3841 meters above sea level is located on the territory of Italy in the Piedmont region of the province of Cuneo, not far from the border with France.

Trigno (Italian: Trigno) is a river in southern Italy.

It originates from Mount Capraro (Apennines), near Vastogirardi in the Molise region, province of Isernia, at an altitude of about 1290 m above sea level. Length 85 km. It flows 35 km through the Molise region and about 45 km through the Abruzzi region, forming a border between them for most of its length. Up to 30 rivers and streams flow into Trigno. In the initial section, the current is calm, smooth, and near Chiauchi it is swift, between Pescolanciano and Chiauchi there is a cascade 60 meters high, after which, the current is calm again. The total area of ​​​​the basin is about 1200 km², of which 40% in the province of Isernia, 32% in the province of Chieti and 28% in the province of Campobasso. It flows into the Adriatic Sea, the mouth is located between the cities of Vasto and Termoli. In the upper reaches of the river, in the territory of Chiauchi dam was built. In 2011, the filling of the reservoir began.

Finta, or Mediterranean finta (lat. Alosa fallax) is a species of ray-finned fish of the herring family.

A journey along the meandering Po River, which rises from the Kotsky Alps and flows into the Adriatic Sea, presents amazing landscapes, stunning architecture and helps to better understand the history and culture of the Italian Renaissance. We explored how Italy matured and developed around the enchanting twists and turns of this river.

The Po is the largest waterway in Italy and, according to some, the actual key to the existence of the nation as such. About three thousand years ago, pastoral tribes came here, giving the name of the surrounding territory - "Italy". The exact origin of the name is unknown, but according to one of the more common theories, it translates as "Country of calves". Later, the Etruscans, who took over the local lands, fortified the natural borders to create their own kingdom, but the wild Celtic tribes that lived in the north represented the epicenter of constant conflict. The Romans united both peoples, erected stately cities along curly river bends, from the mouth, located at Mount Viso, near the modern border of Italy and France, to the very delta near the swamps and islands of the Adriatic, infested with birds, not far from the south of Venice.

photo by Flickr, fullerenium-2

The mysterious course of the Po River, like a woman, constantly changes its mood and colors, almost disappearing somewhere, and somewhere manifesting itself as a real ruler of the surrounding landscapes. In spring and autumn, the rains with the melting snows of the Alps turn the river into a furious and ruthless gray stream, twisting entire trees in its path. Summer droughts transform it into a lazy, greenish channel, dotted in imperceptible lines through wide, white beaches and pebbly islands. The Po has several glorious tributaries: the river Tanaro, descending from the mountains in the north of Genoa; Ticino, gracefully closing her sleeves around the rice fields, just below the honorary university city Pavia; and Ollio, which draws graceful and whimsical patterns along the valleys of Lombardy.

Bassa Padana

In the place where the two districts of Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna meet, the birthplace of balsamic vinegar and Ferrari cars, Pau acquires its most majestic tread. It is in this area, stretching east from Piacenza to Ferrara, called by the Italians La Bassa Padana (bassa means lowland, and padana is an adjective derived from the name of the Roman river).

photo by Flickr, Fabrizio Berni - TheTiZ

Bassa is distinguished by its distinctive character, sprawling landscapes under a domed sky adorned with lushly whipped clouds, thickets of gray-green poplars whose long roots cut deep into the rust-red soil, wide fields of maize, passing through yellow villages, each of which is marked by a towering cone. bell towers and luxurious gardens where apples, pears and peaches are grown. Here and there during the 18th and 19th centuries, the local nobility erected county houses, more restrained, but no less solid than the villas of Tuscany and Veneto, each house was surrounded by the so-called English-style park, full of shady paths passing through thickets of lime, plane tree and stocky dark crimson beech.

The specifics of local cuisine

The valley along the Po River now seems to us prosperous and cloudless, deftly combining agricultural business and light industry, but this was far from always the case. For a long time, from the early Middle Ages to the Risogimmento, the great popular movement against foreign domination, striving for the unification of a fragmented Italy, which began in the late 18th century and lasted until the 1870s. In those days, the now serene lands were a real theater of hostilities. Everyone fought, both aggressive invaders representing various superpowers, and ambitious local giants, seeking to grab a tidbit of fertile land. As it always happens, the ordinary peasants suffered the most, they even made up a saying about this: “O Francia, o Spagna, purch? si magna" - "France or Spain, we don't care who wins as long as we have food."

It is not surprising that food is a sacred object in the understanding of the inhabitants of Bassa Padana, however, as well as all Italians. Each city has its own special dish. This was facilitated by the habit of the locals never to throw away something that can be stewed, baked, boiled, fried or bottled.

In the town of Piacenza, almost no lunch is complete without "pisarei e fas?" - "small peas and beans." It is a mixture of beans cooked in broth and small balls of dough, each with a small notch in the middle, in imitation of a split pea. It is said that when a Piacentino is about to get married, his mother checks to see if her daughter-in-law's nails are suitable for pizari notches.

Piacenza

photo by Flickr, storvandre

Piacenza is the ideal place to start your journey along the Po River. The Romans founded the city specifically for army officers and their families, calling it "piacentino" - "glorious place".

The place, in truth, turned out to be glorious and quiet, remaining aloof from the riots and uprisings familiar to the Middle Ages. Perhaps this was facilitated by the powerful Farenze clan, which later owned the local lands. The family never managed to complete the construction of a huge fortified palace, which, according to the idea, was supposed to inspire awe in the locals. The reason for this was the money, which suddenly came to an end when the last Duke of Farnese died in 1731 and the duchy was inherited by his cousin, future king Spain Charles III. For a long time serving as a military garrison, now the palace serves as a gallery, where the magnificent "Madonna and Child" by Botticelli and one of the largest collections of various carriages in the world, from elegant landaus upholstered with silk to antediluvian fire carriages, from strollers for capricious local kids aristocracy to the daring wagons of their elder sisters and brothers.

Attractions

photo by Flickr, fguidotti

The sculptures decorating Piazza de Cavalli, Piacenza's main square, are dated different centuries. Not satisfied with the palace alone, the dukes Ranuccio and Alessandro Farnese kindly agreed to be captured in the form of Roman soldiers saddling prancing horses. Without fear of sounding unfounded, we can say that these statues, by the Tuscan master Francesco Mochi, are one of the most successful equestrian compositions in the world, expressing a decisive fusion of energy and arrogance. The impression made by the sculptures is so strong that you seem to hear the snorting and neighing of huge war horses, ready at any moment to rush towards the Gothic battlements of the Comunale palace.

To the west of the square, along Via XX Settembre, there is a path to the Cathedral of Piacenza, whose porticoes are decorated with classic long-tailed lions that greet everyone with a typical grin and support columns with sculptural friezes. Around the cathedral is a series of stuccoed mansions - orange, ocher and pink. Some of them were built during the long reign of the quarrelsome Empress Marie Louise, widow of Napoleon, who ruled in Piacenza with her gallant one-eyed lover, Count Adam von Neipperg.

Municipal Theater

photo by Flickr, VitalySky

The chic city theater Municipale, whose main hall is a classic horseshoe, divided into small squares of gilded boxes, was built in the rebellious era of the 19th century, when riots and revolutions could easily happen in the middle of the second act of the opera.

One of those who were well aware of the details of these occasions was the favorite of the court ladies and gentlemen, the master of the Italian opera, Giuseppe Verdi. The creator of Aida and Rigoletto was born into a humble farming family in the village of Le Roncole, a quiet place south of Parma. Years later, he fulfilled his dreams and purchased a luxurious villa and land in the area. As a born farmer, he preferred talking about market prices for livestock to discussing his own musical creations.

Busseto

Halfway from Le Roncole and Villa Verdi in Sant'Agata is Busseto, a small town where the young musician took his very first lessons in composition and married the daughter of his patron, Antonio Barezzi. The Barezzi House is a memorial museum where a variety of things related to the great Verdi are stored. If you are hungry for his direct creativity, and just hungry, head two doors down to Salsamenteria Storica Baratta, an amazing and unique mix of edible and musical delicacies. This place offers a wide selection of homemade hams, salamis and cheeses, coupled with the sound of amazing Maria Callas, Renata Tebaldi and one of Verdi's best tenors, Carlo Bergonzi, practically local resident.

photo by Flickr, kmg1635

In essence, the modern Busseto is not much different from the Busseto of the times of the great composer. The main street was adorned with an arcade with small useful shops, a couple of law offices and several churches, widened at one end into an elegant piazza, with nimble cafeterias on one side and a castle that had a more decorative function than a protective one on the other. A dog naps in the sun, and a quirky old man, whose head is crowned with a worn trilby, talks about the arrangement of the world, sitting on a park bench.

Although every autumn the charming castle theater hosts the Verdi festival, causing some excitement, most of the year Busetto moves in the calm everyday rhythm of a typical town of the Po plain.

Krostolin

photo by Clay McLachlan

Guastalla is an extremely attractive and noteworthy site along the Po River. Between this city and neighboring Luzzara lies a swampy oasis known as Krostolina, where thickets of reeds, shady willows and poplars shelter hundreds of wild ducks and white herons. Here you will find fishermen frozen in the silent calm of contemplating the glossy water, occasional picnickers and sunbathers perched on sandy beaches created by regular droughts, or boats filled with those who want to catch one of the giant river inhabitants, deep-sea, sinister-looking fish, more like huge torpedo.

For the best sailing experience, head further west to Boretto, with its ancient routes to the Maritime Republic of Venice and centuries of shipbuilding tradition.

Mantova

The beauties that the good old river offers cannot be fully understood without seeing its main tributary, which flows along the Lombard plain. The English poet John Milton, who visited Italy in 1638, admired the gentle movement of the Michio River, which, almost reaching the Po, splits into two huge lagoons, embracing the city of Mantua, the great ducal capital of the powerful Gonzaga family, where the spirit still reigns sophistication and panache.

This place is a must-see for all connoisseurs of architecture, as it can offer a real treat for the discerning eye: from the neoclassical Palazzo Canossa, with its stunning staircases filled with fine sculptures; the majestic Renaissance Basilica of Sant'Andrea, with its cool grandeur of its halls; the scientific theater of the work of Antonio Galli Bibiena, a hereditary theater architect. It was called scientific, because in addition to performances, it was planned to hold debates, meetings and other educational events in line with the spirit of the era. It was in this theater that on January 16, 1770, a couple of weeks after the opening, the 14-year-old Mozart gave a concert, striking the respected audience with his delightful play, located in cream-gold boxes.

Palazzo Ducale

Several of the most luxurious palaces in the world are located right here in Mantua, each reflecting the main principle of the Italian Renaissance - the beauty and opulence of the decor is the true and most convincing expression of royal power. Palazzo Ducale connects with a gloomy medieval fortress and the 15th-century Domus Nova, whose columned loggia overlooks an austere garden. In addition to the main buildings, at the behest of Gonzaga, impressive courtyards were built, with a chapel that could compete with the size of cathedral; hanging gardens and a series of private apartments decorated with multicolored marble and gilding. But even after all the magnificence seen, the viewer remains completely unprepared for what the Camera degli Sposi offers, painted between 1465 and 1474 with frescoes by Andrea Mantegna, a brilliant native of Mantua.

Palazzo del Te

The artists return time and time again to the Camera degli Sposi to learn the mastery of color and form. Meanwhile, architects, in search of inspiration, flock to the other side of the city, to the Palazzo del Te, where in 1524 Giulio Romano turned the unpretentious stables into an amazing example of Mannerist art, the halls of which are decorated with frescoes that are not devoid of subtle humor. Federico Gozaga could not resist his main passion - horse breeding and demanded to add images of his favorite horses. The grandiose rounded loggia completes the construction, allowing you to view the surrounding beauties. It was erected specifically for Emperor Charles V, a famous art lover, who in return for such a favor granted Federico the status of a duke.

Ferrara

South of Mantua, Mincio smoothly passes into Po. Starting from here, the landscape takes on a somewhat wild, somewhat more remote look, with infrequent villages, sprawling fields and rare roads. It is not surprising that Ferrara always evokes the feeling of some kind of frontier outpost, the last one along the river of the old ducal capital. Surrounded on all sides by the river, this is a strikingly calm city, with sprawling chestnut trees along the stone walls, hidden gardens and shady cobbled streets. This peace and serenity was appreciated by two of the best Italian writers: the poet and playwright of the Renaissance Ludovico Ariosto, and, who lived in the 20th century, the novelist and publisher Giorgio Bassani.

Bassani was Jewish and his most popular works, The Finzi Contini Garden and Gold-rimmed Spectacles, were written against a backdrop of anxiety about Mussolini's fascist regime, initially supported by many Italian Jews but turned against them. The Jewish communities lived quietly in the towns of the Po Valley and, until the Second World War, Ferrara was one of the most prosperous settlements. In the old district, south of the main cathedral, there are three excellent synagogues. Bassani rests in the Jewish cemetery near the northern bastion.

Palazzo Schifanoia

The Jews owed their safety in medieval Ferrara to the Esteni family, the ruling dynasty of the city. As shrewd as the Gonzagas in their patronage of the arts, the Estensii had a similar enthusiasm for building palaces. In the heart of the city is Palazzo Schifanoia, whose name comes from the desire of the Duke of Borso "toschivare la noia", that is, "to despise boredom." Obviously a noble merry fellow during his lifetime, he occupies a central place among the figures in a wonderful fresco that adorns the main hall, called the hall of the months. The Hall of the Months was painted in 1469-71. Ferrara craftsmen. Only two names are known - Francesco del Cossa and Baldassare d'Este, although, judging by the stylistic analysis, there were at least five of them. The impression produced by the painting is like watching a synchronized film, each row of paintings belongs to a grandiose allegory.

photo by Flickr, bautisterias

The frescoes encircle the walls of the hall in three rows, forming a decorative system of 12 main cycles. Each cycle, which vertically unites 3 frescoes, is dedicated to one of the months of the year, so the frescoes of the upper row depict the triumphs of the Olympian patron gods of the constellations. Allegorical scenes are depicted around the victors. In the middle row - the signs of the zodiac this month accompanied by 3 figures that could only be identified at the beginning of the 20th century. According to researchers, they represent the deans, that is, the rulers of 36 parts of the zodiac circle, three in each sign. The frescoes of the lower row convey the course of earthly life, reflecting the cycle of heavenly bodies, they show various activities and entertainments corresponding to a certain season, and in the foreground scenes from the life of the Ferrara court and our old friend, the Duke of Borso d'Este.

Ferrara's slightly melancholy romantic atmosphere, with its subtle hue of the soft pink bricks most of the buildings are made of, and a sort of idle charm floating in the air, gives the city an undercurrent of irresistible appeal. However, the Po, without slowing down, carries its restless waters driven by the winds towards the muddy swamps of the Adriatic.

Where to stay

Hotels in Piacenza tend to be quite boring and banal. But a pleasant exception is a place located in the south-west of the city, in the Agazzono district, among the vineyards of Colli Piacentini. The pale pink private chapel and cool halls of the surprisingly serene Neoclassical Villa Tavernago are made for weddings. The nearby restaurant offers all the delights of local cuisine (from pisari to tagliatelle to game stew) and a decent list of strong wines.

One of the most luxurious private hotels in Italy - Armellino. The family estate occupies an old rococo mansion in the heart of Mantua, with exquisitely frescoed ceilings, gilded walls and parquet floors. Meticulous attention to detail, from bed linen and ending with flower vases, and a beautiful park that allows you to look at the church of Sant Andrea, is sure to produce an effect that contributes to a true uplifting of the spirit.

The former hunting reserve of Estense (“fasanara” translates as “pheasant nursery”) surrounds the Horti della Fasanara, a glorious rustic-looking 19th-century villa, although the whole ensemble harmonizes pleasantly with the adjacent city walls of Ferrara. The hotel is surprisingly compact - four multi-bed rooms and a couple of double rooms, named after the characters of the chivalric poem "Furious Roland", created by the Italian writer Ludovico Ariosto. The design is pleasing and reasonably modest, representing a game of renaissance with postmodernity, the predominance of calm typical of Ferrara.

Where to have dinner

Along the long rows of Piazza del Erbe, Mantua's medieval vegetable market, a line of restaurants crowds. Local nettle tagliatelle is both an aesthetic and gastronomic pleasure. Diners will not use to capture the bright green splendor before they start their meal. The menu includes Michio-caught pike served with a spicy salsa sauce, and sometimes not for the faint of heart - donkey stew.

Local restaurants cult the preservation of the true traditions of the city: whether it is cappellacio di zucca - a hybrid of tortelloni and ravioli stuffed with pumpkin, or tenerina cake, so beloved by the inhabitants of Ferrara - a variety chocolate biscuit.

The most demanding gourmets, in search of an unusual menu, find themselves in restaurants immediately after Verdi's evening in those located next to the opera house.

Here you can taste Mostard with a sauce of fruits marinated in mustard and syrup, served as a side dish to bollito misto - a stew of assorted meats and roast duck. And of course, the menu would not be complete without the charming pisan, which are prepared in clam broth by local chefs. Dinner will be complemented by a glass of strong local wine.

The Tiber (lat. Tiberis; Tevere) has been a hallmark of Rome since the time of the Great Empire.

The winding body of water circles the famous hills of the Italian capital, lovingly shaping the silhouette (Trastevere). The brilliant mirror of the river is everywhere surrounded by monuments of ancient and medieval architecture. Dozens of bridges connect the left and right banks of the Tiber, endowing Roman landscapes with unsurpassed romance.

The Tiber originates in the mountain slopes of the Apennines in the Emilia-Romagna region (Emilia-Romagna). A full-flowing mountain river on its way to Rome crosses Umbria (Umbria) and Lazio (Lazio). The Nera and Aniene rivers flow into the reservoir. On the eve of Rome, the river is framed by concrete fortifications, throughout the capital, the channel turns into the Fossa Traiani canal. The final point of the waters of the Tiber is the Tyrrhenian Sea (Mar Tirreno).

The total length of the Tiber is 406 km, which makes it the third longest in Italy. The river basin is 17 thousand 375 km 2. For Rome, the reservoir is the main source of water supply. The Italians often call the Tiber by the Latin name "flavus", which means "white". This nickname came from the yellowish-whitish color of the river waters.

Name

Dear reader, to find an answer to any question about holidays in Italy, use. I answer all questions in the comments under the relevant articles at least once a day. Your guide in Italy Artur Yakutsevich.

There are several assumptions about the origin of the name "Tiber". According to one of them, "Tiber" has pre-Latin roots, coming from the proper name "Tibur" - the ancient name of the city of Tivoli (Tivoli), located 30 km from Rome. Also found are references to the name of the river in the writings of the Etruscans, in the original - "Tiferios", which, when switching to Italian, could be transformed into "Tiber".

Not without legends in the biography famous river. King Tiberinus (lat. Tiberinus), who lived in the 900s BC, was drowned in the Albula River (lat. Albula), which later became known as Tiberis (lat. Tiberis). The deceased king was turned into a guardian by the god Jupiter stormy waters, Volturna (lat. Volturnus). It is believed that due to this ancient myth rivers, seas and oceans in sculpture began to be depicted as powerful men.

Story

The Tiber was exactly the river in which, according to legend, they tried to drown the babies Romulus (lat. Romulus) and Rem (lat. Remus), the founders of Rome.

Historians believe that Rome was founded around 753 BC. on the banks of the Tiber, 25 km from the coast of Ostia (lat. Ostia Antica). In ancient times, the riverbed was the boundary between the Etruscans, located in the west, the Sabines in the east and the Latins in the south.

The river played an important role for the Romans, who built their economy through the movement of merchant ships. Merchants delivered provisions Construction Materials and other goods to the capital. During the Punic Wars in the 3rd century BC. the port at Osti was of key importance for naval battles. Thus, Rome also acquired a strategic dominant in military operations.

Later, an extensive pier was built along the coast in the area (lat. Campus Martius). And during the arrangement of the central water supply system of the capital of the Great Cloaca (lat. Cloaca Maxima), the Tiber became its important component. Thanks to underground tunnels and pipes, pure water delivered to the city center.

Over time, the river became shallow, the capital's port and maritime trade migrated to the neighboring Rome (Fiumicino). In the 17-18 centuries, the pontificate made a lot of efforts to clear the bed of the reservoir in the territory of Rome. The work done improved the ecology of the river, however, little has changed in terms of transport, since river transportation has lost its former significance.

• The Tiber originates from 2 mountain springs located at an altitude of 1268 m above sea level. In 1930, Benito Mussolini erected an ancient marble column at the source of the river. The obelisk was engraved with Latin words meaning: "Here is born a river / sacred to the fate of Rome."
• One of distinguishing features rivers are regular floods. So, the field of Mars often went 2 meters under water. Since 1876, the Romans have been in relative safety, since the city authorities have rebuilt high stone fences on both banks of the Tiber.
• Another interesting fact is connected with the name of the river: the stable expression "to cross the Tiber" means to convert to the Catholic faith. By analogy, "to cross the Thames" means to immerse yourself in Anglicism. In times of conflict between religions, such idioms were of great importance.
• At the time, the public execution of criminals was carried out by drowning in the Tiber. Under the emperor Tiberius (lat. Tiberius), the convicts were taken to the Gemonian terrace (Scale Gemonie), and then pushed into deep waters. Such an unenviable fate was awarded not only to ordinary robbers, but also to the first Christian pontiffs.
• The Romans like to invigorate themselves with a dip in cold water. On January 1, brave, if not desperate, residents of the capital, under the roaring hooting of the crowd, jump from the Ponte Cavour bridge into the Tiber!
• The embankment is an ideal place for morning and evening jogging and cycling.

Bridges

On the territory of Rome, the left and right banks of the Tiber are connected by 26 bridges. Along with the new ones, several old buildings have successfully survived to this day.

• Milvian Bridge (Ponte Molle) was created in the 1st century BC to extend the Via Flaminia (Via Flaminia) and connect Rome with Ariminum (modern Rimini (Rimini)). In the 4th century AD, a grandiose battle took place at the Milvian Bridge between the emperors Maxentius (lat. Maxentius) and Constantine I the Great (lat. Constantinus). It was a battle not so much for power as for the dominant religion. The defeated Maxentius drowned in the Tiber, and Constantine became one step closer to the status of the sole emperor of Rome. Thus began the era of Christianity. Today, not far from the Milvian Bridge is the Olympic Stadium (Stadio Olimpico), which hosts home football matches of Roma and Lazio clubs.
• Sixt Bridge (Ponte Sisto)- pedestrian crossing between the right bank of the Tiber and the Trastevere area. The medieval stone bridge dedicated to the name of Pope Sixtus IV looks very picturesque against the backdrop of the old embankment. On the left bank, just behind the bridge is Piazza Trulissa. - a popular meeting place for residents of the capital and guests of Trastevere. From July to August, the Tiber embankment at the Sixtus Bridge fills with tents with light snacks, cocktails and live music. Everyone is invited to ask the price of a stall trade and immerse yourself in a cozy evening atmosphere.
• To the south of (Vaticano) on the river is a small island - (Isola Tiberina). From a bird's eye view, it looks like a fishing boat. Around 1000, the Basilica of St. Bartholomew (Basilica di San Bartolomeo all'Isola) was founded on the island, in which the tomb of San Bartolomeo is located. If you cross the Tiber through the island, then on the right bank you can find one of the amazing Roman sights - (Bocca della Verita).
• Bridge of the Holy Angel (Ponte Sant'Angelo) dates back to the 2nd century AD. It is designed exclusively for walking. In ancient times, the bridge bore the name of Emperor Hadrian, as it was built at his command. The crossing leads to the mausoleum of Hadrian, which in the Middle Ages received a second name -. The remains of Christian pontiffs and many ancient artifacts are kept in the huge stone cylinder of the castle. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the bridge, lined with marble, was decorated with statues of Saints Peter and Paul. And in the 17th century (Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini) added 10 statues of angels to the decor.

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• The last Venetian doge Italian movement in faces, L. Mechnikov. For the first time, articles on the unification of Italy are published in a separate edition, written by the brother of the famous biologist Ilya Mechnikov, Lev Ilyich Mechnikov, traveler, ethnographer, thinker, ...
• The last Doge of Venice Italian Movement in Persons, Lev Ilyich Mechnikov. For the first time, articles on the unification of Italy, written by the brother of the famous biologist Ilya Mechnikov, Lev Ilyich Mechnikov (1838–1888), a traveler, ethnographer, ...

The internal hydraulic system of Italy is very saturated. And although there are no such long rivers, how in neighboring countries, nevertheless, their network is quite full-flowing. The largest river in Italy is Po, and its numerous tributaries and channels form a river transport system. Lakes in their mass are recreational centers, where tourists and fans of healthy recreation in the bosom flock. beautiful nature Italy.

Major rivers in Italy

(Po River Delta)

There are many rivers in Italy, most of which are tributaries or branches of one - the largest, called Po. Many of them are connected by canals, which makes it possible to use even small bodies of water for navigation.

By

(Turin city on the river Po)

The original name of the largest river in Italy - Po was Bodincus, which means "bottomless" in Celtic. Not surprising, because it is also the deepest river in these places. It is noteworthy that the Po floodplain is called Padania, and the ancient city of Padua, founded in the 10th century, is located on the banks. BC. The mouth of the Po is located in the Kotsky Alps, at an altitude of 2022 m above sea level. The mouth flows into the Adriatic Sea. With its tributaries, the Po is connected with the largest lakes in Italy - Como, Lago Maggiore, Garda. Most of drainage basin, numbering 70 thousand sq. km. located in Italy, and only a part belongs to neighboring Switzerland. The river is used not only as a navigable artery, but also for generating electricity, irrigating orchards and vineyards.

Adige

(Stone bridge of the Adige river in Verona)

The second longest river in Italy, the Adige, with a length of 410 km, originates in the Alps and has a common delta with the Po, flowing into the Adriatic Sea. It was on the banks of the Adige that the most significant events in the history of Italy, military battles, took place. In the lower reaches, the river is navigable, and a nuclear power plant has been built on the banks. Part of the channel is characterized by a rapid current and is popular with rafting fans. In the part that flows into Verona is the famous castle of Castelvecchio, where the largest Italian museum of painting and sculpture is located.

Tiber

(Tiber river in Rome)

The third largest river of the Apennine Peninsula. It originates on the southern slopes of the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines, flows into the Tyrrhenian Sea. The largest tributaries are Chiaggio, Topino, Clitunno. The lower course of the Tiber runs along the Maremma plain. The length of the river is about 405 km, and it is famous for the fact that it is on its banks that the capital of Italy, Rome, is located. There is a legend that the Tiber was renamed in honor of the once famous ruler Tiberinus Silvius, who drowned in its waters, and earlier the river was called Albula, under which it is mentioned in more ancient historical sources. In the tourist region of Umbria, there is a river park of the Tiber, 50 km long. Tourists and fans make a pilgrimage here archaeological sites, which do not stop here to this day.

Adda

(Romanesque bridge over the river Adda)

The Po tributary in northern Italy, 313 km long, originates in the Valtellina valley in Lake Cancano in the Rhaetian Alps at an altitude of 2237 m above sea level. It flows into the Po near the town of Retino. In historical chronicles dating back to the times of the Roman Empire, the river is often mentioned as a natural frontier used by military leaders in various battles. Not far from the Tyrolean border, the river forms a picturesque waterfall 15 km long from a height of 754 m.

Ticino

(Ticino River in northern Italy)

The left full-flowing tributary of the largest river Po, flowing not only through Italy, but also through Switzerland. The length of the river is about 248 km, it originates in the Saint Gotthard mountain pass in the Swiss Alps. It flows into the Po near the town of Pavia. The Italian part of the river is predominantly used for irrigation. In addition to Pavia, near the coast of Ticino are the cities of Vigevano and Stresa.

Major lakes in Italy

When it comes to the most famous lakes in Italy, they mainly mean the top three - Garda, Lago Maggiore and Como. In addition to them, Varese, Lugano, Iseo, Trasimeno, Omodeo are of interest in size. In total, according to the latest data, there are about one and a half thousand freshwater lakes in Italy.

Lake Garda

(Lago di Garda)

Previously, the lake was called Benaki, but today the name Garda is used in literature and gazetteers. Located on the southern slopes of the Alps at an altitude of 65 m above sea level. From it flows the river Mincho, which is the left tributary of the Po. It feeds the Aril reservoir - the shortest river in Italy.

The unique location of the lake between Mlan and Venice quite predictably made it a kind of mecca of world fashion, because it is in the resort towns of Bardolino, Riva del Garda, Desenzano del Garda that the famous fashion shows and shows with the participation of world-famous couturiers are held. Gardaland, Italy's largest amusement park for children, is also located here.

Lake Maggiore

(Beautiful swan on a beautiful morning in the waters of Lago Maggiore)

In the Lombard Alps, there is the 2nd largest lake in Italy, with an area of ​​212 sq. km. Its shores belong not only to Italy, but also to neighboring Switzerland. In its deepest part, the bottom of the lake drops to 372 m. The left tributary of the Po-Ticino flows through Lago Maggiore. The Toche River provides a waterway between Lago Maggiore and the neighboring Orta reservoir. rugged coastline natural reservoir forms island archipelagos, unique in their beauty. In the Middle Ages, the lake was called differently - Verbano, because on its banks there were impressive thickets of vervain. With the improvement of the coast and the construction of villas of noble Italians, the simple name was gradually replaced by the more harmonious Lago Maggiore. Mountainous slopes, breathtaking villas, luxurious gardens and resort towns - all this is located on the coast of Lago Maggiore.

Lake Como

(Many houses of Lombardy between the hills near Lake Como)

The third place in the ranking is occupied by one of the deepest in Europe (about 410 m) Lake Como, located just north of Milan (40 km). The reservoir is fed by the Adda River, the left tributary of the Po. The reservoir got its name after the city of Como on its banks. The name of the lake is well known, but not everyone remembers why. In antiquity, the villa of the greatest ancient Roman poet Virgil was located here. Modern world fame Como received thanks to the cinema. At Villa Balbianello, which is located on its banks, such famous film masterpieces as Casino Royale, Ocean's Twelve and others were filmed.