Already ordinary, description and way of life. Features of the common snake. How does a snake reproduce? What do snakes eat at the dacha

The variety of snake snakes is simply amazing! They are found almost everywhere. These are terrestrial and burrowing, arboreal and aquatic, nocturnal and diurnal, poisonous and not very poisonous, as well as oviparous and viviparous species. These are both large (up to 4 meters long) and small (up to 15 centimeters) snakes. I wonder what snakes eat with such a variety of species?

Snake menu

Very many of them “specialize” in some certain foods. For example, egg snakes (egg eaters) feed on bird eggs, swallowing them whole. When an egg enters the esophagus, the snake begins to bend sharply, which allows the processes of its vertebrae to crush. All the liquid contained in the egg enters the stomach, and the remains of the shell are regurgitated by the snake through the mouth. There is probably no need to explain what snakes, for example, fish-eating species, eat. There are individuals that feast only on frogs or only

What snakes eat does not affect their poisonous abilities in any way. The fact is that in itself it is absolutely safe, and in general snake snakes are considered non-venomous. However, as they say, there are species whose bite can be fatal to humans. But still, the vast majority of snake snakes that produce venom either do not have developed poisonous teeth, or something similar to such a tooth is located in the depths of the mouth, which makes it difficult to introduce their venom into the human body.

Where and how do they live?

Almost 30 species live in our country. Of these, the most common is, of course, This snake is common not only in Russia, but also in almost all of Europe, North Africa and Asia. She chooses wet places: lakes, ponds, grassy swamps, and sometimes mountains and open steppes. Common snakes are active during daylight hours, but at night they hide in shelters. The hunting time of these snakes is morning and evening. They mate at the end of April - May, and already in July the female lays up to 30 eggs. Newly hatched snakes are already 15 centimeters long and immediately begin to live independently.

Above we told you what snakes eat different types. This particular one eats small frogs, lizards, small birds and their chicks, as well as small mammals

Its brother, the water snake, lives only in the south of our country, as it is very thermophilic. His external difference from common snake- ribbed scales and absence of yellow spots on the edges of the head. This snake is brown, greenish or gray with spots scattered on the back and sides. The eyes of the water snake, as well as its nostrils, are directed upward. As the name suggests, these snakes live in bodies of water, both fresh and salt water. They are excellent divers. They feed mainly on various small fish.

Human - main enemy snake A lot of these snakes die at the hands of people. This happens because we do not know how to distinguish poisonous snakes(for example, a viper) from harmless ones, which include snakes, as a result of which we act for sure - we kill harmless representatives. Remember that snakes in the house are not dangerous at all. Bright orange spots located on the back of the head, as well as rather large scutes and a graceful body, noticeably distinguish the snake from a massive viper. There are no such spots on the viper's head, but it is covered with small scales.

Already- This is a fairly large non-venomous snake. The average length of this reptile is from 80 to 90 centimeters, but larger specimens of one and a half meters in length can also be found. The snake's body is unevenly colored: the upper part of the body is dark (black, brown or dark gray), and the ventral side is almost white. It is very easy to distinguish it from other snakes by the yellow or bright orange spots that are located on the sides of its head. He swims very well, quickly bending his body and keeping his head above the surface of the water, and even knows how to dive.

Where live

Snakes live in almost all European countries, with the exception of Great Britain and Scandinavia. Their favorite places are damp, shady forests and the banks of rivers and lakes, where they hide under piles of stones, under tree roots or in burrows. They can often be seen near human habitation.

What do they eat?

Snakes feed mainly on frogs, toads, lizards, chicks that have fallen from nests, and very rarely on fish. They hunt only during daylight hours, and at night they hide in secluded places. Juveniles mainly eat insects. The snake swallows its prey whole. If she settles near a human dwelling, she successfully catches mice. Therefore, in some countries, these snakes are tamed, and they, just as well as cats, help people get rid of rodents in their homes.

How do they reproduce?

At the end of summer, female grass snakes lay from one to three dozen eggs, which are covered with a soft, leathery shell. The female chooses a secluded, damp place for the nest, and after one and a half to two months small snakes emerge from the eggs. They immediately crawl out of the nest and begin to live an independent life.

How do they winter

With the onset of cold weather, snakes hide in places where frost cannot penetrate. These can be deep holes that other animals have dug, or voids under large stones and roots. Very often, several snakes spend the winter in one such secluded place. When it gets warmer they wake up from hibernation, become active and spread out.

Snakes are not dangerous at all, which is why many people keep them as pets. They need to be kept in special boxes - terrariums, in which they are constantly maintained desired temperature and humidity. These snakes live well in captivity and very quickly become completely tame.

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The common snake is a snake with a balanced character, a completely non-aggressive reptile animal from the “scaly” order.

Anyone who considers the bite of this reptile dangerous to humans is wrong; it is completely safe and will not harm anyone, but will only modestly hide from the eyes of the annoying and curious layman.

This type of snake suffers greatly at the hands of humans, because outwardly, as some people think, it looks like a snake, but in fact, this is not true.

There are clear signs by which you can accurately understand what kind of this moment there is a snake, but we will talk about this a little later.

Looking ahead a little, we note the fact that she is a very smart actress, and her body, in cases of a potential threat to life, is always ready to repel the enemy with a caustic, odorous whitish liquid secreted by a special gland located at the tips of the tail.

If this does not save the depressing and hopeless situation, then the last crowning number is used; transformation from a living snake to a dead one. Do not be surprised, dear readers, by this behavior; in the world of wild animals there are a huge number of animals that use this method of protection.

The female is always larger than the male, her body length can reach from 50 to 150 cm, and the male from 60 to 80 cm. But in history there have been specimens that could be much larger, for example: maximum size snakes of this species, was recorded by zoologists, was more than two meters.

A distinctive feature by which a snake can be identified is its yellow ears with markings located on the head, but they can be orange and white.

The eyes are black with round pupils. The scaly, brownish-gray or olive-green skin has distinct black spots.

Difference

First of all, you need to remember that the viper is already twice the length, in addition, there are black spots on its body, which neither and.

Its range is mainly concentrated on the European continent from the Iberian Peninsula to the northeastern coast of Africa. He also lives in Mongolia, in Central Asia and England.

This type of reptile prefers to live in areas where there is any body of water, be it a river, lake, bay, pond or just a stream. It can often be found in meadows, bushes and forest clearings.

As we wrote earlier, a snake from the snake family does not pose any threat to humans. They can accumulate en masse in damp and damp places.

During the day they lead an active lifestyle, bask in the sun, thereby increasing their body temperature, and in the evening they climb the bushes to bask in the last rays of the setting sun. Closer to dusk, they look for a dry, secluded place to spend the night.

In cold countries, it can be in a state of torpor for a long time, approximately 5 to 8 months a year. Curious; that such a rhythm of life does not at all affect the decrease in population in these areas. We wanted to say that even in 4 months they can mate and produce offspring.

Frequent places for wintering they can choose such places as:

• Hollow trees;
• All kinds of pits near platinum;
• Burrows of small rodents;

As a rule, several dozen of these wonderful natural creatures spend the winter in such places protected from frost.

Enemies

Separately, I would like to say about the enemies of this harmless creature, and he has quite a few of them, here are just a few of them:

• Storks;
• Herons;

This list is far from complete; in fact, there are two or even three times more of them. This is taking into account the indisputable fact that it is absolutely not poisonous. Its only advantage will be its color and unpleasant-smelling liquid, which it secretes when caught unawares by its offender.

Nutrition

Our hero's diet is very varied, he can eat, and small fish. To be specific, here it is short list its menu:

• and their eggs;
• Chicks;
• Tadpoles;
• Fish (crucian carp, roach, fry, sabrefish, chebak, bream, rudd);
• Salamanders;
• Lizards;
• Small;

Perhaps that's enough, but the list goes on. Note! That the entire listed range is not a daily diet. If luck turns to the snake in front, then it will taste such a nutritious delicacy, and if not, then it will be content with what God sent :-).

Hunting

It can hunt both on land and on land; in water it moves using the wave-like movements it creates with its body. Able to dive under water and stay there for more than 30 minutes in search of food, it is helped in this by its tongue, which easily recognizes the odor impulse of the intended victim.

The snake instantly attacks its prey; if it is small, it swallows it whole, but in order to eat a larger catch it needs to crawl ashore. Ingestion can take from 20 minutes to several hours, after which it tries to retire into a modest and quiet place where no one will disturb her.

It begins to swallow its victims from the head; if the victim is a frog, then the swallowing process will take a minimum of time, and if it is a small rodent, then it requires an additional portion of saliva to process the victim’s body; in this state, it easily slides into the snake’s mouth and pharynx.

The mating season for snakes begins immediately after hibernation, around the end of April. Males at this moment behave completely differently, nod their heads and rub lower jaw about the female's back.

In June, the female lays all more than 30 eggs at once in a place specially prepared for this. The older the individual, the greater the number of eggs laid. Places for laying can be completely different, it all depends on the climate in which this reptile arrives.

In cold climates these places may be:

• piles of manure;
• hay;
• compost and leaves.

In places with temperate climate females can bury their clutches in the ground. Another place for laying eggs can be a hollow tree; a caring mother carefully prepares and expands the space for her additional needs.

We note the fact that this species is characterized by group clutches, this is due to the fact that in harsh habitats the eggs can simply freeze, therefore females combine it into a common clutch so that the temperature is within normal limits.

Incubation period in normal climatic conditions can reach up to 42 days, in cold weather up to 72 days. The hatched animals can immediately lead an independent lifestyle. Puberty occurs at the age of five.

IN wildlife an ordinary one can live more than nine years.

Snakes are slender non-venomous snakes. Their dorsal scales have pronounced keels. The pupil is round. The head is protected by a small number of large smooth scutes. The ventral side is usually spotted.

All snakes “love” water - they swim and dive perfectly.

The ordinary one is the most major representative a kind of snake. Its record length (including tail) is 205 cm, but usually adult specimens do not reach a meter in size. The tail is relatively long, occupying a fifth and sometimes a third of the total length. The most common color of the snake for us is black with a pair of large yellow spots at the back of the head. However, other color variations are also common, and in some habitats of the species there are many more of them than in others. The upperparts may be gray in various shades, sometimes with dark, sometimes staggered spots or narrow transverse stripes. Dark spots may form a fine mesh pattern. There are forms of snakes with longitudinal light stripes. The spots at the back of the head can be different shades of yellow, as well as white, orange-red or pink. Sometimes they are absent altogether. The upper labial scutes are white, separated by black stripes. The ventral side of the body is grayish-white with blue-gray or black spots. Among common grass snakes, complete melanists—absolutely black individuals—are rarely found. There are also known cases of the appearance of real grayish-white-pink albinos with red eyes. Snakes' eyes are quite large.

The differences between males and females are weakly expressed. Males are slightly smaller than females and have a longer tail.

Range of the common grass snake

In the common grass snake huge range- almost all of Europe, North Africa and much of Asia (including areas of Northern Mongolia and Northern China). In Russia, it is found throughout the European part, reaching the south of the Republics of Karelia and Komi. In the east of the country it spreads to Lake Baikal.

The common grass snake is found in a wide variety of, but mostly wet, places. There are many snakes in the floodplains of rivers, along the banks of lakes and ponds, in swamps, and in reed thickets. However, they can be found both in the steppe and in the mountains at altitudes up to 2500 meters. This snake is not afraid of human proximity, often appears on cultivated lands, and even crawls into buildings. Sometimes it settles in the basements of houses, in heaps of garbage, etc.

In some habitats, snakes are very numerous. At the same time, in the north of the range, in Russia, it is very rare view; here only a few individuals can be found, and the local population, usually very familiar with the surrounding fauna, knows nothing about it.

Snakes crawl very quickly and deftly, easily climb trees, often enter the water and swim well, dive and can stay under water for a long time (up to half an hour). Once a swimming snake was spotted in the open sea at a distance of 25 miles from the coast.

Snakes do not have special holes or shelters - at night they hide under tree roots, in piles of leaves and branches, and under stones. They often crawl into hay and into cracks in buildings. For the winter, they take refuge in deeper and more reliable places - in rodent burrows, pits, and also in human buildings. It happened that very coldy They drove snakes wintering there out of the basements of houses and they appeared in the rooms, and sometimes even crawled into the bed. Snakes often spend the winter alone or in groups of several individuals. But they often have mass wintering areas, to which animals flock in large numbers. They can spend the winter there together with snakes. common vipers and copperheads. Sometimes real snake processions are observed, when along paths invisible to us, but familiar to the snakes, they crawl to their wintering places one after another in a certain direction (perhaps the scent trail left by their fellow pioneers helps them find their way). The common grass snake is a very peaceful snake. When meeting a person, he always tries to slip away unnoticed. If this fails, it can defend itself, trying to scare off the enemy. Like a cobra, it raises the front part of its body, while its neck becomes flat. It hisses and lunges towards danger, sometimes even with its mouth open. However, it bites extremely rarely, even if you pick it up. The bite of its small teeth, although sensitive, is not strong or painful. Usually he tries to free himself with vigorous movements of the whole body and releases a foul-smelling liquid from the glands located near the cloaca. It also emptys the intestines by regurgitating recently eaten food and throwing out excrement. Perhaps he does this not so much as a defense, but because of stress. If this does not help, he uses a very characteristic tactic - pretending to be dead. All his muscles relax, he hangs like a rope, his mouth is lifelessly open, his tongue falls out of it, and in some cases even saliva with blood drips. He can pretend to be dead not only in his hands, but also on the ground, if the pursuer does not give him the opportunity to hide. Often at the same time, as if in convulsions, he turns his abdominal side up.

What do common snakes eat?

Snakes are active at dusk and during the day. It would seem that with such a wide range of habitats and activity times, and even being so dexterous, snakes could catch a wide variety of prey. But, unlike boas, they prefer almost exclusively amphibians, mainly frogs, as well as newts, toads, and tadpoles. Much less often they eat insects, fish, and lizards; very rarely - birds and mammals. Ruined bird's Nest, may indeed feast on chicks or eggs, but these are exceptional cases (as are cases of swallowing vipers when these snakes are kept together in a terrarium). The dependence of snakes on frogs is strong, and the reason for the disappearance of these snakes in a number of places was a sharp decrease in the number of frogs.

Snakes do not lie in wait for their prey, but actively search for it. Having noticed the frog, he begins to touch and does not sing and carefully creep up to it (if one can say so about an animal completely devoid of limbs). When he manages to crawl close enough to the potential victim without disturbing the potential victim, he makes a sharp lunge and grabs the frog.

It holds slippery prey with its small sharp teeth. If a cautious frog notices the danger in time and dives into the water, it will no longer pursue it, but will slowly begin to look out for a new victim. On land, when he sees a frog, he can chase it. The frog, apparently, is experiencing severe stress- “runs away” not with long jumps, which would give her a chance for salvation, but with short and rare jumps. At the same time, she makes a strange sound, completely different from the croaking we are used to, reminiscent of a plaintive bleat. It is not at all difficult for a snake to catch such prey.

The captured victim immediately begins to swallow alive. Frogs have no claws, no teeth, no sharp spines that are dangerous for a predator, so they don’t risk anything. Its mouth opens incredibly wide, and it doesn’t matter which end it eats the victim from - it swallows it from the place where it grabbed it. After all, as soon as you loosen your grip, the frightened, but still living and mobile prey will slip away. The left and right halves of the jaws of the snake, like most snakes, are movably connected to each other and “work” like the blades of a snowblower, alternately intercepting the body of the victim and gradually pushing it into the mouth. The unfortunate frog beats and croaks. Swallowing large prey can take a long time, sometimes several hours. It swallows small frogs quickly, practically without damaging them. If you catch a snake that has just eaten, it will regurgitate its prey. And sometimes it turns out that recently “eaten” frogs remain alive and subsequently come to normal condition- being inside a snake does not reduce their vitality.

However, not all types of prey are completely defenseless against the snake. Toads sometimes manage to protect themselves using characteristic defensive techniques. Poisonous secretions of the skin glands of some amphibians - fire salamander, midwife toads are dangerous for snakes. There have been cases when snakes that swallowed salamanders died from poisoning.

Common snakes have individual differences in tastes: some, in addition to frogs, willingly eat, for example, toads, others never touch them. Some individuals in the terrarium get used to eating raw meat.

Snakes are voracious: they can swallow four to five frogs at a time. But they can also go hungry for a long time. There is a known case when a large female lived without food for 14 months, maintaining mobility; she only drank water.

Ordinary snakes look at each other rather indifferently. No forms aggressive behavior in relation to their relatives they do not. This is obviously due to the formation of large concentrations of grass snakes in different situations- during the winter, in the most suitable places for resting or hunting, during breeding.

Breeding snakes

Main mating season- spring, but sometimes autumn mating is also observed. In general, snakes appear quite early after wintering. There is still snow everywhere in the forest, and somewhere on the edge, in clearings, you can find a snake curled up in a tight ball, basking in the rays of the spring sun. In such warm, wind-protected areas in the spring, males and females meet to procreate. In the most favorable places in good weather You can meet several couples at the same time. Sometimes a female attracts several males at once - up to 20 applicants have been observed courting a single female. In this case, a group of snakes is formed, which is sometimes called a “mating ball.” At the same time, the rivals do not fight each other, much less bite. They only seek to prevent each other from taking possession of the female.

Courtship behavior in common grass snakes is simple. The male, approaching the female, periodically nods his head, then usually crawls onto her or presses tightly to her side, wrapping his tail around her tail. The male snake does not hold his partner with his jaws, as some other snakes do. During mating, snakes lose their usual vigilance, and you can get very close to them.

Common snakes reproduce by laying eggs that have different shape- either oblong, elongated, or more rounded, and sometimes pear-shaped. The length of the egg is from 2 to 4 centimeters, the diameter is 1-2 centimeters. The eggs are covered with a white leathery film, which is moist and sticky immediately after laying. This shell consists of microscopic fibers of various structures, which are impregnated with sticky protein. Thanks to this, the eggs stick together and stick to surrounding objects. After drying, the shell becomes denser and it is quite difficult to separate the eggs or remove them from the clutch. Such a strong, non-crumbling masonry ensures better preservation of eggs and protects them from loss of moisture.

The clutch size depends primarily on the age of the female. Young snakes lay 8-15 eggs, older ones - about 30. The record clutch consisted of 105 eggs.

For successful incubation of eggs, the female chooses a moist, warm place protected from the sun, most often a pile of loose substrate - peat, foliage, sawdust, etc. There, easily pushing apart, for example, foliage with her body, she builds a chamber and lays eggs in it in a compact heap. If an object lying on the ground (for example, a rotten tree trunk) is selected for this purpose, the eggs are laid in an elongated layer. Places with the most favorable conditions for laying eggs attract many females, and then mass clutches occur, which are widely known specifically among common grass snakes. Up to three thousand eggs were found in them, laid by many females.

A “public” incubator can be located in one place for several years. Sometimes mass clutches are found near human habitation. Once such masonry was made in the cracks of the stone wall of an old house. And when hatching began, the residents were subjected to a real invasion of newborn snakes. Frightened people killed more than 1,200 people.

Depending on the ambient temperature incubation period lasts one to two months. When ready to hatch, the chick has developed a special egg tooth, with which it makes several cuts in the shell of the egg and opens the exit to the outside. When it first sees the light, the baby snake carefully pokes its head out and, at the slightest danger, hides back into the egg. Only after making sure that nothing threatens him does he slip out of the shell.

The length of newborns is 14-22 centimeters; in color they practically do not differ from adult individuals. In nature, they immediately begin to feed on baby frogs, as well as earthworms and insects. They become sexually mature in the third or fourth year of life. The life of each common snake is associated with a certain space - an individual area in which it spends the main part of its active season from year to year. Such an area has an area of ​​​​several hectares, and there are shelters, hunting and resting places well known to the snake. The individual territories of individual individuals overlap widely, since the snakes do not defend their possessions in any way. They may leave their areas for wintering shelters, but return back in the spring. Female grass snakes also migrate to egg-laying sites.

Enemies of common snakes

This snake does not have any effective, active methods of defense against enemies - it can either run away or scare off its pursuer. Therefore, many different animals include grass snakes in their menu. Dinner eggs are often attacked by ants. Newborns even become victims of predatory insects (for example, ground beetles). Snakes swimming in the water are attacked large fish: There is a known case when a rainbow trout 37 centimeters long was caught while eating a 62-centimeter snake. Common snakes and their favorite food - toads and frogs - sometimes switch roles. During the period of mass birth, large toads are constricted and lake frogs regularly feast on them. IN in rare cases the victims become victims large lizards, sometimes snakes of other species prey on snakes. About 40 species of birds include them in their diet. There are no fewer enemies among mammals; This includes the hedgehog - the threat of all snakes, and small rodents that willingly feed on small bites; there are also cases of cannibalism.

The snake's serious enemy is man. The snake is a very noticeable snake that also lives close to humans. Since the fear of snakes is in people’s blood, and many do not know how to distinguish between dangerous and harmless snakes, snakes are also destroyed “just in case.” Meanwhile, to distinguish an ordinary grass snake from the only one that lives together with it in most regions of Russia poisonous viper snake quite simple. Bright, usually yellow, spots in the back of the head, large scutes on it and a long slender body clearly distinguish the snake from the massive viper, whose head is covered with small scales and scutes and never has such spots. Snakes are also disappearing due to a decrease in the number of frogs, as well as due to the drying out of their wet habitats. In many places in Europe, this snake is among the species under threat of complete extinction.

A peace-loving person gets along well with people and in the house. In the terrarium, he quickly gets used to the owner and even takes food from his hands. It is much less demanding on living conditions than most other reptiles. Easily reproduces in captivity. In the 19th century in the Kazan province, snakes were kept as pets in some huts.

Already- a snake belonging to the class of mammals. Many of us are terribly afraid of snakes, but should we be afraid? common snake? Is it dangerous for humans and does it have poison? Today we will answer these questions, and also touch upon the snake’s habitat and find out what it eats in nature, and we will start with its characteristics.

Description of a common snake

Snake length 1 meter, but some individuals grow up to 1.5 meters. His main and characteristic peculiarity– bright spots on the back of the head. They can be orange, yellow and whitish. Quite rarely, only black snakes or faint spots are found, so it is quite easy to recognize the snake. Leather snakes are dark gray, black or light gray in color. Gray individuals may appear as dark spots. Belly The snake is light with a dark stripe from tail to neck. Body of a snake slender, and on some individuals you can see paired brushes, but not on all. Eyes the snakes are round, but there are snakes with “cat eyes”. Tail much shorter than the body, about 3-5 times, with various forms– sharp, steep, rounded. Visible throughout the body scales, some individuals have smooth skin, others have noticeable ribs. The snake has teeth on the top of its mouth, several teeth increase as the throat opens, some teeth small and motionless, in others they bend, there is also a forked language. Lifespan of a common grass snake in nature about 20 years, at home the figure remains the same.

Is the common snake poisonous and is it dangerous for humans?

Generally, snakes safe for humans. They do not know how to bite, but can scratch the skin, and if there is a bite, it is insignificant. Yes and ordinary When he sees a person, he tries to hide as quickly as possible; he flees rather than attacks. But if they are caught by surprise, they hiss and turn their heads as if they want to bite, but they rarely get bitten, and the bite itself heals very quickly. Already- a calm snake, but for the purpose of protection, it can shoot a white-yellow liquid from its teeth, which has an unpleasant odor, and if it does not scare away the observer, it opens its mouth and relaxes its body, feigning death. At this moment, you can see drops of blood from the throat, or he will simply regurgitate food out of fear. But if snake don't touch it, but you won't have to see all this.

WHAT DOES THE COMMON SNACK EAT, WHERE DOES IT LIVE AND KEEPING AT HOME?

What does the common grass snake eat in nature?

Snake's main diet- amphibians and fish. It feeds on frogs, tadpoles, and toads. In addition, snakes eat lizards, their eggs, mice, rats, moles, other rodents, insects, small birds, their eggs and chicks, bats, small squirrels, and even their own kind or other snakes. Already swallows prey whole because it does not have teeth or other devices to tear prey. If the lunch is small, then he will quickly finish the meal, but if the prey is large, he will have to deal with it for several hours, and after such a meal he can go without eating anything for two days. He can do without food for a long time, but without water, and in hot weather, it’s easy to find them near bodies of water. On the land really stalks its prey, can sneak up on it for a long time in the water, and then suddenly pounce.

Habitat of the common grass snake

Snakes can be found near bodies of water, under a bridge, near a lake or pond. In addition, they like to settle next to people, choosing quiet and secluded places such as a basement, haystack, cellar, barn, in the roots or hollows of trees, in the garden, in firewood, in a pile of stones, in a vegetable garden and even in a pile of garbage . Snakes They love warm bedding and live next to poultry, laying their eggs there, but they will never go near large animals.

Habitat of the common grass snake– almost all of Russia, eastern Primorye, the borders of the Komi Republic, the border of Karelia. Almost all of Europe, and some individuals snakes found in Africa, Central, South and North America, Australia, Asia, Cuba, Indonesia, Philippines, Japan, Oceania.

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IN THIS VIDEO, YOU WILL SEE AND LEARN HOW TO CORRECTLY KEEP A COMMON SNACK AT HOME