Lesson “Russian folk poems, fables, nursery rhymes. Card file for speech development on the topic: Russian folk tales, nursery rhymes in verse for children Authors of fables for children

Fables in verse are considered excellent entertainment for children. It would seem that these poems are short and silly, but they evoke cheerful, infectious laughter in kids. If your child laughs at fables, and even tries to come up with something similar himself, it means that the child has a good sense of humor. After all, it is the nonsense in poetry that makes us adults smile and the children have fun. Read our short fables in verse and laugh at them with your children.

Who will believe that this happens?

Who would believe that this happens
A cat walks with a mouse in an embrace.
A wolf pushes a sheep in a stroller.
And in the evening he reads fairy tales to her.
The fish sings songs like a bird.
The coward hunter is afraid of the hare
The toad flutters from branch to branch...
Who will believe that this happens?

Tall tale

Two bears were sitting
On a thin bitch
One was reading a newspaper,
Another was grinding flour.

One peek-a-boo, two peek-a-boo
They both fell into the flour.

Mom saw
I told my dad.
Dad was surprised
Fell down the stairs.

From the stairs to the street,
From the street to chicken
From chicken to rooster.
This is such nonsense.

Vanya rode on a horse

It’s not in vain that I praise myself,
I tell everyone and everywhere,
Any suggestion
I'll repeat it right away.

Vanya rode on a horse,
Led the dog on a belt,
And the old lady at this time
I washed the cactus on the window.

Vanya rode on a horse,
Led the dog on a belt,
Well, the cactus at this time
Washing the old lady on the window...

Vanya rode on a horse,
Led the old lady on a belt,
And the dog at this time
I washed Vanya on the window...

I know what I'm saying.
I said that I would repeat it
So it came out without errors,
Why should I boast in vain?

Joy

Glad, glad, glad
Light birch trees,
And on them with joy
Roses are growing.
Glad, glad, glad
Dark aspens,
And on them with joy
Oranges are growing.

Tall tale

Where has this been seen, where has this been heard?
So that the hen gives birth to a bull,
The little piglet laid an egg
Yes, I took it to the shelf.
And the shelf broke off,
And the egg broke.
The sheep clucked
The filly cackled:
- Oh, where-where-where!
This has never happened to us before,
So that the armless man robs our cage,
The bare-bellied one put it in his bosom,
And the blind man was spying,
And the deaf man was eavesdropping,
And the legless Vogon ran,
The tongueless “guard” screamed!

Short tales

They blossomed in the garden
Cacti in the garden.
And there's a hippopotamus in the lilacs
Sings sweetly.

Our cat got sick
Her leg is sneezing.
Take a radish from the ground
Heal your sore pussy.

At the feeder in the yard
Birds jump in January:
Sparrow, bullfinch and swift,
Nightingale, goat and mouse.

Worn by Manechka
Mittens for feet
Attached to my head
Red boots.

Early in the morning, in the evening,
Late at dawn
Baba was walking
In a chintz carriage.
And behind her at full speed
With quiet steps
The wolf tried to swim across
Sea with pies.

There's nonsense on the fence
Fried jam
The chickens ate the rooster
One Sunday.

The devil smeared his nose
Pomaded my hands
And brought it from the cellar
Fried pants.

Between heaven and earth
The pig was rummaging
And accidentally tail
Clings to the sky.

By the swamp in the snow
A mosquito bit a flea.
A hare sits on a birch tree
Dies laughing.

At Egorov's yard
Very fun, yay!
And at our gates
Everything goes the other way around.

The chicken went to the pharmacy
And she said to the crow,
Give me powder and perfume
To attract roosters.

We'll harness the cat to the droshky,
And the kitten in the tarantass
And we'll eat around the village
Show off to all the girls.

The rain is warming,
The sun is pouring.
The miller is grinding
Water in the well.

Laundress on the stove
Washing the trough.
Grandma in the river
I fried the sieve.

Two cheerful little ones,
Sitting deftly on the stove,
They picked watermelons from the apple tree,
They pulled carrots in the sea.
Crayfish are ripe on the branches,
Seven herrings and ruffs.
All the neighborhood dogs
We ate rutabaga to our hearts' content.

The dog sits down to play the accordion,
Red cats dive into the aquarium,
Canaries begin to knit socks,
Children water their flowers from a watering can,
The old man is lying on the window, sunbathing,
And my granddaughter’s grandmother plays with dolls,
And the fish read funny books,
Little by little, he took them away from the boy.

Everything happens in the world
Happens in the world.
And miracles happen
They do, believe me!
And maybe,
- It could be! —
We'll hear one day
What wings are in the store
Available for citizens!
And maybe someday
Waking up early in the morning,
What if someone's mother says
Natasha or Tanya:
“Put on your wings, daughter,
Fly, daughter, to the bakery,
Buy some sugar, daughter
And two good buns!”
And maybe…
That's great!
Seryozha to his friend Kostya
Flies across the street
On business or on a visit...
And maybe suddenly...
It could be like that
It happens that someday
The teacher will say:
“We’re going to the circus, guys!
More alive - wings on your back!
Seryozha, Zina, will you be there soon?
And the whole class is suddenly having fun
Will fly over the noisy city!.
And the wings will be different:
Orange, white...
Which ones do we want?
This is what we will do!

***
Two bears were sitting
On a thin bitch
One was reading a newspaper,
Another was grinding flour.
One - peek-a-boo! Two - peek-a-boo!
They both fell into the flour!
Nose in flour
The tail is in flour!
Ear in sour milk!

Tall tale

Guys, I once
Made friends with crucian carp.
A crucian carp came to me
Chat about this and that.
He knew how to dance the hopak,
Sang folk songs
And he was a master at cooking
The dishes are excellent.
Sewed, knitted and embroidered -
Cross stitch and satin stitch.
How did he manage to do this?
I can't understand.
He was brave in everything he did
I took on anything...
I just couldn't swim
And he was afraid of water.

My friend said...

My friend said:
"All the goats
can fly,
like dragonflies.
Then he said: -
And all are bulls
they know how to buzz,
like, bugs.
And we, boys,
by the way,
We love teaching lessons very much.
We love to make the bed
and wash your hands with soap,
and we have no habit at all
pulling girls' pigtails,
tease dogs
chase cats...
It's like that!
At least I’m ready to argue!”
He said - and, shaking my hand,
headed somewhere...
But he was wrong about something
isn't it, guys?
(A. Kostetsky, translated by V. Korchagin)

There are bears on the side
It's sad that they don't suck paws.
Bees good neighbors,
They bring honey as a gift.
The wolf lives nearby
But his howl is not heard,
He doesn't touch the sheep
He eats grass.
What's that invisible hat?
There are miracles everywhere here:
Marvel at how they sleep in an embrace
There is a bunny and a fox in the hole.
How can you not dream about it?
Does everyone live in harmony there?
Mice go for advice
To kind, affectionate cats.

A fox walked, sweeping its tail
And she shook her horns.
Grew up on an empty stump
Box of pies.

Suddenly a crow flew in
With wolf teeth.
Ate raspberry pies
Having eaten mushrooms.

Fish walk along the path
They wave their fins,
The hedgehog carries an elephant on its back,
Chickens plow the land.

A hare chases a lion
And he growls terribly.
The mole is building a house under the tree
From red rowan.

The wolf flies behind the cloud,
Mice are dancing in a circle.
And sits at the bottom of the river
There is a frog under the umbrella.

Above a funny fable
The blue sun is frolicking.
And in the green clouds
The elephant skates.
(I. Gurina)

Confusion

I get up in the evening
And in the morning I go to bed.
The rooster cackles
A goose crows.
I dress for a doll
I wash with a broom
And there's wood in the stove
I light it with a saw.
I pour in three soups
In a saucepan with an egg.
Song with a lid,
Pan with an end.

A village was driving past a man,
And the gate barks from under the dog.
He snatched the cart from under the whip
And let's bludgeon the gates with it.
The roofs got scared, they sat on the crows,
The horse urges the man on with a whip.

Driving, driving along the path
Timoshka in a basket,
Petka in a boot,
Kuzka on one leg,
Senka in a glass,
And Vanya is on a cockroach.

Early in the morning, in the evening,
Late, at dawn
Baba was walking
In a chintz carriage.

There lived a tall citizen
Vertically challenged.
And walk him through the window
It was very simple.
Once on a frosty summer day
In the morning towards evening
Sweltering from the heat
Suddenly he climbed onto the stove.

With marmalade in his beard
To your dad
A bear swam in a frying pan
For curly porridge!
A watermelon is flying above the ground,
He chirps and whistles:
-I am mustard, I am lemon!
I'm closed for renovations!
Yam-tiryam-tiryam, in a stroller
Two mustachioed pandemoniums
Barefoot, running
They catch the wind with their boots!

A buffet runs along the river,
In it lies
A big secret,
He's acting in films
Everyone will love it!
(Yu. Moritz)

What are fables?

First of all, this is a way to develop logical thinking. Very interesting and exciting. Tales (children's) are short stories or funny poems where everything is the other way around. For example, a cat lives in a booth and guards the house, and a dog catches mice. A logically reasoning kid will immediately notice where the discrepancy lies and will definitely correct the storyteller.

Examples

There are a lot of fables that were written quite a long time ago. Here is one of them:

A hare sits on a birch tree,
Reads a book aloud.
A bear flew to him,
He listens and sighs.

Such short fables for children really help develop logical thinking. Firstly, hares do not sit on birch trees, but jump on the grass. Secondly, they don’t read books either. Thirdly, bears cannot fly. Even a two-year-old child will quickly be able to understand what the catch is in such a rhyme.

“Vanya rode on a horse...”

Such fables (for children) as about Vanya on a horse, leading a dog on a belt, are not too short. Therefore, it is better to tell them to more conscious children. For example, older preschoolers or younger schoolchildren. It is noteworthy that around the fifth grade, children are often forced to learn this famous fable, since it develops memory, logic and attention well (you need to keep track of exactly what order the sentences in the rhyme are in).

What else is the benefit

Unfortunately, modern children spend too much time watching cartoons and animated series. This significantly affects their worldview. So, some kids do not distinguish reality from virtuality at all. Therefore, it is worth not only giving up this kind of leisure, but also studying folk tales for children. They will help determine how real this or that event is. Eg:

Between heaven and earth
The little pig was rummaging
And accidentally tail
Clings to the sky.

The child should be told that pigs are found in barns or on special farms, and not on clouds. But you can’t cling to the sky with your tail. It’s even better if you have pictures with the real state of affairs at hand: here is the mother pig, here are the piglets, here is the barn, here is the one who feeds the animals. Such simple short fables for children will be much better than any cartoons and comics about superheroes that do not exist in nature.

Where did they come from?

In general, this genre was originally invented by our ancestors, who composed poems and songs according to the principle “I say what I want.” Well-known fable poems for children like:

A cat barks from a basket,
Potatoes grow on a pine tree,
The sea flies across the sky
The wolves ate my appetite.
The ducklings croak loudly,
Kittens croak subtly.

And about a brick that, like glass, floats down the river. They were invented a long time ago, but they are still in demand today. Firstly, it's funny, it develops a sense of humor. Secondly, when thinking about the topic given by the verse, the child turns on logic.

Marshak and his tales

This one has famous writer, like Samuel Marshak, many such works came from the pen. One of them is called “Fairy tale”. This is a rather long piece that deserves attention. This kind of fable is suitable for children in the 3rd grade of school. How can the work be useful? Firstly, we're talking about about pioneers who no longer exist in our time. That is, you can tell the children about who they were, what they did, what they wore. Secondly, the poems have a deep meaning that even such small schoolchildren can understand.

“He’s so absent-minded...”

Although this is not short fables for children, it is still a work worthy of attention. Firstly, here we are talking about something that is so familiar to kids: how to dress in the morning, how to manage their business. Very young children can read the work line by line so that they have time to appreciate both the humor and the lack of logic in the actions of the main character. After all, they don’t put a frying pan on their head instead of a hat, and they don’t put their hands in their trousers. Marshak really tried, creating such a beautiful, useful and fun work that has not lost its relevance for many years.

Changelings

This term was coined by Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky, who was a master at writing funny nonsense. But inverted tales for children are nothing more than funny nonsense, nonsense, something that cannot exist in nature. For example:

A hedgehog sits on a pine tree -
New shirt
There's a boot on my head,
There is a cap on his leg.

This doesn’t happen in the real world, but it’s fun and funny. Such inversions (when everything is turned upside down) can interest even the most restless child. Especially if you set the right tone for the story, pause in the right places, make semantic accents and reinforcements to make it more interesting to listen and perceive.

Write or read?

Many parents wonder whether they should come up with stories themselves or take ones that have already been written before. It all depends on how well the imagination works in adults, how well the child perceives information by ear. There is a whole category of kids who do not like to listen when they are read to. But the stories are received with a bang by them. In this case, you need to either memorize poems or compose them. The latter is not as difficult as it seems. Rhyme does not have to be present in all lines. For example:

The cat found a watermelon in the forest

Traded it for lard

The bear hides an ace in its paw,

He doesn't have enough honey.

Such a crazy poem can be composed on the fly, in just a couple of seconds. The baby will only have to figure out what is true and what is fiction. For example, a bear really loves honey, there is always little of it, but he cannot hide an ace in his paw, since he is still an animal, not a person.

What should educators and teachers do?

Of course, both of them are simply not able to come up with new rhymes for children on their own every time. Therefore, it is wiser to turn to already written works. So, for example, in children's preschool and school ( younger age) the anthology contains many examples of folk tales and those written by famous authors. Eg:

Early in the morning, in the evening,
Late, at dawn
Baba was walking
In a chintz carriage.

This is from the people. Or the work “On the Horizont Islands” by Boris Zakhoder. It consists entirely of fables and improbables, of what cannot be or can be, but vice versa. If you introduce children to such a poetic story, there is an opportunity to develop not only logical thinking, but also to significantly influence the child’s worldview. For kids who are still going to kindergarten, the poetic fable by Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky “Confusion”, which talks about how animals stopped being themselves, will be interesting. This is a simple, light and funny work that teaches that everyone has their place in the world, everyone has their own purpose, and if everything is mixed up, then life will become much more difficult. When choosing a work, you should first pay attention to what is more interesting for the baby to listen to, as well as to the age, because not all poems can be understood at two or three years old or even at five years old.

The child grows up, and jokes and fables appear in his life. Fables have existed among people for a long time, but folk art preserves the best, gradually weeding out everything unnecessary. The difference between fables and nursery rhymes and nursery rhymes is that they are not associated with any movements, but they contain some kind of fairy-tale or fantastic plot. These are pictures from the life of animals or short fairy tales that expand a child’s knowledge about the world around him. Fable songs and shapeshifters, which help the child understand the real and the fantastic, strengthen the child in the correct perception and sense of the world. Children early age(up to 3 years) perceive paradoxes as reality. Fables are intended for children who already have sufficient life experience to feel the paradoxical nature of the situation being described. Reading such poems contributes to the development of freedom of thinking, imagination and, importantly, a sense of humor. It is important that the child hears surprise in the adult’s voice and understands that something incredible is happening... By putting a new meaning into the familiar, turning everything upside down, the child learns to better operate with concepts, develops freedom of thinking, imagination and, most importantly, learns to understand humor.
For an adult, these are absurdities, but for a child, these are funny stories about something that does not happen. When a child discovers the laws of the world around him, new concepts, he begins to play with these concepts, because through play he learns about the world.

Tu-tu-tu-tu,
I'll play the trumpet
The pipe is fake,
Copper rings.
Through the cat's house
Smoke billows out.
A chicken is running with a bucket,
Floods the cat's house.

Tu-tu-tu-tu-tu-tu,
A raven sits on an oak tree.
He plays the trumpet
And the pipe is spruce.
She is juniper.
And tu-tu-tu-tu-tu-tu,
The man lost his pipe.
I rummaged and rummaged - I couldn’t find it,
He cried and left.

om-bom-bom,
The cat's house caught fire.
A chicken is running with a bucket,
Floods the cat's house.
The cat jumped out
Her eyes bulged
She ran to the river -
I drank some water.
She ran to the tavern -
I've taken a lot of tobacco.

ugly males
They stole our goat
Milked on the stove,
The goats were given water.

there was an important turnip,
Each old woman marveled:
One day
You can't go around it.
The whole village ate
The whole week.
One crust was applied,
So the cart was broken!

Anya-Vanya, simplicity
I bought a horse without a tail.
I went to get married
Tied the trough.
The trough breaks,
The wife smiles.

oron in red boots,
In gilded earrings,
Black raven on an oak tree,
He plays the trumpet
Turned pipe,
Gold plated,
Okay pipe
The song is complex.

All the dogs are small
They put on Vaaalenki,
And the big dogs
They put on sa-po-gi!

listen guys
My fairy tale is not rich
From the humpbacked horse
And the dancing bear:
Just like a motley pig
She made a nest on an oak tree.
She made a nest and brought out the children.
Sixty piglets
They sit on the knots.
The piglets are squealing
They want to fly.
Let's fly, fly.
It’s like a bear flying through the sky.
The bear is flying
Head turns.
And he’s carrying a cow,
Black-and-white, white-tailed.
And the cow is mooing
Yes, he's twirling his tail!
Know the bear shouts:
- Let's go right
Let's go left
And now let's get straight to it!

rum rolled through the mountains -
A mosquito fell from the oak tree,
Crashed on a rhizome
Old mosquito-mosquito.
Instantly the flies flocked -
Two rumble-burners,
They raised the poor brother,
They began to buzz and kill themselves:
- Old mosquito-mosquito,
It hurts so much, my friend!
Our poor little light,
How sorry we are for you, mosquito!

and brother Kondrat were building a bathhouse.
The waders were darkening,
The cranes were doing
The woodpecker was cutting through the pipes,
The cockroach was carrying firewood,
The flea lye lye,
The nit wet the brooms,
The louse was steaming,
I'm tired of it
Run around your butt -
Everything is like the old bug,
Remember the slave-
Seru louse in the coffin.

Evushka Pelageyushka.
What did you do?
- Herded foals.
- What did you take out?
- Foal.
-And where he?
- Nikolka took him away.
-Where is Nikolka?
-Gone behind the cells.
-Where are the cells?
- It was washed away by the water.
-Where is the water?
- The bulls drank.
-Where are the bulls?
-They went through the grass.
-Where is the grass?
- The priests were mowed down.
-Where are the priests?
- They went home.

Food neighbor,
Where did you go?
- In the forest.
- What did you see?
- Birdie.
- What is she sitting on?
- On the Christmas tree.
-What is she singing about?
- Everyone is dude, dude,
Let's come and drink some tea with me,
Otherwise I’ll fly away to the talnik.

there is such a stick
Stick wand.
You'll knock with a catcher -
A blue siskin flies out.
At the siskin's, at the siskin's
Little red tuft,
And on a small paw
Scarlet little boot.
Chizhik knows a song
About the mice, about the ladder:
“Like a crowd of stairs
There were mice in the pantry.
The ladder fell down
The mice rolled..."

Hala village
Past the man
Suddenly from under the dog
The gates are barking.
He grabbed the club
The ax chopped
And for our cat
Ran through the fence.
The rooftops got scared
We sat on the raven,
The horse is racing
A man with a whip.

Hala village past a man,
Suddenly from under the dog
The gates barked
"True," said the horse
And the man laughed
The horse went into the hut,
And the man stood
The horse was eating buns
And the man is oats,
The horse got into the sleigh,
And the man was lucky.

Ayats white,
Where did you run?
- To the oak forest.
- What were you doing there?
- He tore the bark.
- Where did you put it?
- I cleaned it under the deck.

because of the forest, because of the mountains
Grandfather Yegor is coming.
He's on a cart,
On a creaking horse,
Belted with an axe,
The belt is tucked into the waistband,
Boots wide open
Zipun on bare feet.

because of the forest, because of the mountains
Grandfather Yegor is coming.
Himself on a filly,
Wife on a cow
Children on calves
Grandchildren on baby goats.
We came down from the mountains,
They lit a fire
They eat porridge
Listen to a fairy tale.

liushechka-grebushechka,
Where were you? - Grasping horses.
What did you graze? - Foal.
Where's the foal? - In a cage.
Where's the cell? - It was washed away by the water.
Where is the water? - The bulls drank.
Where are the bulls? - They went to the talnik.
Where's the waistcoat? - The girls were knocked out.
Where are the girls? - Got married.
Where are the husbands? - They went to war.
Where is the war? - In the middle of the threshing floor.

the donkey walked on the water,
I found a bag of malt
Steamed the kulishka.
Kulishka, Kulishka,
Sweet, honey
Haven't been in the oven
I stood under the crack,
The mouse got caught
Don't touch it - don't touch it
Shepherdesses for lunch.

Oshka walks along the edge,
She's pulling her hair
Weaves bast shoes for the cat,
And the cat has no time -
We need to brew beer
We need to brew beer
Yes, my son needs to be married.
Son Maxim, balalaika player,
I bought a balalaika
Yes, I fell in love with all the girls:
You're slouchy
You're hunchbacked
Come out, marry me
Yes for the rich guy.
I have something about you
There's a whole river of milk,
Kisel's barns are intact.

Isa ran through the forest,
The fox lost its tail.
Vanya went into the forest
Found a fox tail.
Lisa came early
Vanya brought berries,
She asked me to give her tail.

scarlet tatars
They took a stick,
They hit the board
Let's go to Moscow.
They're building a bridge there,
Piglets are baptized.
They look up
They want to fly away.
We arrived early
They brought a ram
With cool horns.
He stamped his feet.

Amont and Papont were walking on the river,
The babant and the dedant were lying on the stove.
And the grandson was sitting on the porch
And he rolled his trunk into rings.

between heaven and earth
The little pig was rummaging
And accidentally tail
Clings to the sky.

Children love to invent fables, and what’s more, they really enjoy this activity. Drawings based on such essays look very funny. The page presents the fables that the children came up with for the lesson. literary reading in second grade. Sometimes the concept of improbability is used; it is the same as fable, only an outdated, colloquial expression.

Angry boar sat on a branch
And tweeted with my neighbor
Like yesterday he was at the swamp
Met a blue hippopotamus
He climbed a pine tree
And I wanted to catch a fox

An angry boar sat on a branch
Gnawing on nuts and candies
Washed it down with lemonade
Suddenly he saw a hunter
The boar flapped its wings
And fluttered to Mars

The spoon jumped into the plate
And the plate ran
And fell from the samovar
There was seagulls in the samovar
It spilled onto the shelves

We all wake up at 3 in the morning. Crows are swimming. Mice run after cats. And our mosquitoes are like elephants.

Khramtsov Serezha

I visited wonderland. I saw a raven there, mowing the grass in the meadow for the cat.

Parfenov Ilya

Zhuikov Andrey

A fox walked, flicking its tail and shaking its horns.

A box of pies grew on an empty stump.

One day I went into the forest and met a hedgehog there. With big big ears. He sat and sang a song: “Let them run clumsily...” and waited for the ripe pears to fall from the apple tree. I chatted with him about business and ran home.

Krivonogova Kristina

Listen guys, I'll tell you a secret.
I have a little dragon, he is 10 years old!
We go for a walk with him,
We go to lunch with him.
He likes a bun with jam
Eat a bag of candy.
Zhernakova Tamara

One day I was walking along a forest path and saw two frogs jumping until the sun, fish flying and singing songs.

Ashkanova Edda

One day I was walking through the forest in the summer. Suddenly a hare ran past me with a pine cone in its teeth. He quickly climbed the tree and hid her in the hollow. It's good that cows don't run through trees. Otherwise, all the trees would lie on the ground.

Chepasov Egor

New trick! Deadly number!
Hippopotamus - on the head! The lion was standing on a hippopotamus!
The crocodile stood on the lion! The wolf stood on the crocodile!
And in addition, on the nose of a two-meter boa constrictor...
The wolf held it like a sausage...
Everyone shouted: Bravo! Bravo!
Suddenly - an unthinkable thing! A fly landed on a boa constrictor...
And the boa constrictor, recoiling to the right, slipped on its nose...
The wolf swung - and the boa constrictor
I swallowed it like a sausage.
Mouth open in surprise,
The wolf was eaten by a crocodile.
But in a moment I myself
It hit Leo in the stomach.
The lion staggered - and right
Collapsed into the mouth of a hippopotamus.

Kharitonov Danya

A cat lived on the roof, and he flew off the roof.
I didn’t understand anything, how the cat got wings...
And so he flutters and flies under the clouds, he catches up with the birds.

Stepanenko Nadya

One day I was walking down the street and saw one dog meow loudly, then quickly climbed onto tall tree, flapped her wings and flew.

Grigoruk Kirill

Animals lived in the clearing, they loved tea, they sang songs. They built houses for themselves, squeezed out the clouds, and washed their faces with water from the clouds in the morning so that the animals’ fur would become more beautiful. And Potapych in the clearing entertained his friends with poetry. Of course, he treated me to honey and didn’t forget anyone. In general, life there was smooth: they extracted juice from wells. The rivers contain coconut, pineapple and apricot. It's good in the clearing! We invite you again!

Ivanova Lisa

When I woke up in the morning I saw a note on the table. I read in the note: we went to school, trim the carpet and sweep the refrigerator. Mom and Dad. Not yet fully awake, I went to wash my face. In the bathroom I saw my cat brushing her teeth. I got in line and decided to make breakfast. In the refrigerator I found a couple of bricks, a kilogram of nails, one pack of sand and a bottle of kerosene. This suddenly alarmed me. I looked out the window. The moon was shining brightly outside and the snowdrops were jumping merrily. Suddenly the kettle rang and my mother said that they still had two lessons and I needed to feed the cat shampoo. The cat happily ate a bar of soap and drank a bowl of shampoo. I decided to turn on the TV. I pressed the button and felt my younger sister shaking me: Get up! Happy birthday! Today is April 1st!!!

Perevozkina Dasha

The hedgehog went to school and sees sweets growing on a tree. He climbed a tree and ate some candy. And he went further to school... suddenly he became dizzy and became multi-colored. The teacher guessed that the hedgehog ate the candy from the tree and made the hedgehog study after school.

Gulyaeva Nastya

One day I wanted to eat and put a plate of food and a glass of tea on the table. And suddenly the table came to life, he began to run around the house. It's good that we had a bottle of liquid that could turn anything, animate objects into inanimate ones and vice versa. I started to catch up with the table, having caught up, I poured water on it from a bottle straight to the target and it turned back into an ordinary table. Finally I started eating and drinking tea.

Vorobiev Sasha

In our yard

I went out for a walk in the courtyard of our house and saw a dog riding a bicycle and meowing. I looked up, two cats were flying, flapping their wings and chirping. To the side, two sparrows are building little sand pies. What a surprise!

I looked at all this and went for a walk with the girls.

Pekhtereva Nastya

The bunny went to the store
He bought a limousine there
And he rides in the forest
Wolf, squirrel and fox!

What's happened? I don't understand:
Here the fox screams moo-moo,
And the crows bark
The piglets quack
Flies are walking across the field,
Horses fly across the sky.
Oh!
The pencil suddenly broke!
Everything around became clearer.

Floated down the river
Tigers in drushlak,
And behind them is an elephant
On horseback.

It's warm summer now
All the people are wearing fur coats,
Flowers bloom in the snow,
Basking on the grass
Seals and walruses

A hedgehog sits on a pine tree
New shirt
There's a boot on my head
Cap on leg

I stood at the bus stop, waiting for a trolleybus.
Suddenly a cart pulls up, and there are two hedgehogs in the cart.
“Two hedgehogs, two hedgehogs, take us slowly!”
We approach a traffic light - there is no light!!!
The signal is given by the striped hippopotamus.
We drive further: suddenly along the zebra crossing
A five-legged crocamote runs by
And a furry-legged sperm whale walks along the street.

Tales

Basic concepts: definition, features of existence, terminology, features ( figurative system, anthropomorphism, composition, rhyming), storytelling techniques, forms, genre models.

Existence of the genre. Fables, or never-before stories, represent a special genre of folklore, found among all nations as an independent work of art or as part of a fairy tale, bylichka, bylina, buffoonery.

The genre is equally widespread in both adult and children's repertoire. The difference is in the shape. In works performed for children or by children, “the fable takes the form of a song, a rhymed sentence (counting), silence, a tease, a pester, etc.”

Children are attracted to works where absolutely incredible events unfold; there was a rearrangement of the object of action or signs characterizing various objects; the functions and properties of one object were attributed to another. “Violation of the correct coordination of things causes laughter in children, and the greater the violation, the stronger the feeling of funny,” noted O.I. Kapitsa.

Definition. Typically, researchers consider fables to be “works of various genres that depict reality with a deliberate violation of the chronological sequence of events, cause-and-effect relationships, etc. and create an artistic picture of the world full of inconsistencies.”

The name of the “fable” was probably given by the performers themselves:

Allow me, brothers, a tale from piebalds,

A tall tale, a tall tale.

I will sing an old thing, unprecedented, but unheard of.

Their important property is illogicality. The objective world, domestic animals, birds - everything in fables is shown from the “absurd” side.

The second property is caused by attributing to one object the properties of another. It was noted, in particular, by K.I. Chukovsky, who called such works “reversals” by analogy with the English “Topsy-turvy Rhymes” - “poems topsy-turvy, rhymes topsy-turvy.” The name “shifters” partly coincides with the German name “Verkehre Welt” - “inverted world”.

Studying, O.I. was one of the first in Russian literary criticism to consider upside-down songs. Kapitsa, her conclusions were subsequently confirmed by English scientists I. Oupy and P. Oupy in the book “Folklore and Language of Schoolchildren,” published in Cambridge in 1959. Around the same time, V.P. Anikin fixed the double name of this form.

At the same time, some researchers make a distinction between them E.M. Levina believes that it is necessary to distinguish between fables and inversions. The difference between Them is observed in the unique nature of the action: in a fable, anthropomorphism becomes the main principle (animals performing the work of people, acquiring human nicknames and qualities).

In a shapeshifter, reverse coordination takes place; the animals do the same work, but do it in an unusual way- they mow the hay with hammers, sew up the caftan with a broom. The time characteristics are also unusual: in fables, the disasters of birds and insects are depicted as a global catastrophe; in shapeshifters, the characters move across the sea on a sieve, and confuse the seasons.

Any deviation from the norm helped the child to seek and find his or her reference points in space. These became associative connections. The inverted world made it possible to look at everyday things differently, to define them, to highlight and emphasize individual qualities.

M.N. Melnikov clarifies that the analysis of texts published by V.I. Dahlem, suggests that fables were created by adults and for adults. Therefore, they cannot be attributed to the creativity of children; rather, we are talking about original arrangements or adaptation of individual forms by the children's audience.

It is no coincidence that shifters were actively used by folk pedagogy, activating cognitive activity child and developing his ability to see the comic:

Cat on a basket

Sews a fly

Cat on the bed

Indicates:

Not so, cat

Not so, little bowl,

Not so skull

Our Ivan is great.

Peculiarities. Fables are distinguished by the playful nature of shapeshifters; Chukovsky considered them a mental game: “The child plays not only with pebbles, cubes, dolls, but also with thoughts.” Having learned to fold waste items, the child begins to turn them into own stories- “The desire to play shifters is inherent in almost every child at a certain stage of his mental life.”

Circle of images children's fables were predetermined by the conditions of peasant life; they contained animals, birds, and insects familiar to the peasant child from childhood. Only they dressed like people: “a goat in a sundress,” “a chicken in boots,” “a duck in a skirt.” The animals performed the same duties: “the hen swept the hut, swept the hut, put the little one under the threshold”, “the cat crushes crackers on the stove, the cat sews a fly.”

Moving animals into an environment that was unusual for them, where they were forced to act in an unusual way, led to the creation of a comic effect. It happened that some animals were attributed the properties of others: “a bear flies through the sky, waves its ears and paws, straightens its gray tail,” “a dog gave birth to a bull,” “a little pig laid an egg.”

The main technique becomes anthropomorphism: animals, insects, birds dressed in human clothes and were endowed with human qualities, properties and vices. They performed the same actions as humans. People also worked and acted in an inappropriate environment: “the men on the street were cutting fishing) they beat, they catch fish.” Animals were used in an unusual way: “Foma rides a chicken, Timoshka rides a cat”; “The man was plowing mosquitoes and driving them away with a baton.”

Compared to fairy tales, the anthropomorphism of fables has its own characteristics. The similarity was manifested in the humanization of animals, but in the fairy tale the animal appears as a bearer of certain qualities: the fox was distinguished by a crafty disposition, turned out to be resourceful, capable of theft; the bear, on the contrary, is always clumsy and slow-witted.

In fables, the characterization changes. Here are some fabled songs, the first of which features animals in disguise, and the second of which shows costumed animals dancing:

Ulyana, Ulyana,

Get in the sleigh,

Come with us

To a new village.

In the new village

In the old village

You will see a lot of wonders:

Chicken in earrings,

A goat in new trousers,

Goat in a sundress

And the bull is in leather,

Duck in a skirt

Drake in necklaces,

Cow in matting -

There is nothing more expensive!

At our Danila's

The brute played out

And cows and bulls

Adam's apples gaped,

Ducks to the pipes,

Cockroaches to the drums;

Goat in a blue sundress,

In linen pants

In woolen stockings,

The ox is dancing

He waves his leg,

The cranes went to dance

Debts to show your legs,

Bang, bang, bang.

A family of goats doing peasant work:

The goat grinds flour,

The goat is sleeping

And the little goats

They walk in the barns.

By shape a fable is a short plot sketch, an everyday picture with specific content without a beginning or ending. Let's give an example of a fable, where actors are insects: cockroaches, mosquito, louse, flea:

The cockroach was chopping wood,

A mosquito walked on the water

My feet got stuck in the mud.

The flea raised -

My stomach was torn.

The louse was heating the bathhouse,

Gnitka cooked lye,

The louse went to steam

I fell out of a frenzy,

Hit the tub edge-on,

Thank God I died

The whole world is tired of it.

Plot completeness of the description, saturation with specific details, visual inconsistencies determine the semantic capacity, accurate and spectacular transmission of actions

Compositionally the upside-down consists of action pictures arranged in a chain and loosely connected to each other. It involves a rearrangement of the object of action or features that characterize different objects. Sometimes this verbal fun “takes on the character of a game of slip of the tongue”:

Where has this been seen?

Where have you heard this?

So that the hen gives birth to a bull,

The piglet laid an egg,

The armless man robbed the cage,

He put it in the bosom of a naked man,

The legless man ran skipping

The ending in fables is absent or does not affect the main content, being perceived as a complete summary:

The nit made alkali,

The louse went to steam

I fell out of a frenzy,

I hit the tub on the edge.

Thank God I died

The whole world is tired of it.

Some researchers believe that the opening, on the contrary, plays an important semantic role: “it immediately emphasizes that we are talking about nonsense, a fable that is not believed in.”

Narration in a fable it is told from the first or third

At our Danila's

The brute played out.

I lived with my mother

In a pine hut.

Slept on a pillow

On a feather bed.

The nature of rhyme in fables is varied. The most common adjacent rhymes are:

And the owner is putting on his shoes on the stove,

And the bear hangs around on the road,

And the pig is pushing oats under the bridge,

And the frog in the yard sings songs.

An example of cross rhyme combined with internal rhyme:

The goat sows flour

The goat is sowing

And the lambs are cool

They play the pipe

And white-sided magpies

Legs top top,

And the owls from the coal

The eyes clap-clap.

Internal rhymes are often found in combination with paired rhymes.

Jump-jump,

Young blackbird.

Changelings vary according to the genre model; sometimes it’s a short joke:

Eh, my boots are on cotton wool,

And the underwear is creaky.

Yes, I'm on a piebald cart

On a pine horse.

But maybe a whole song:

The bast is belted by a man.

A village was driving in the middle of a man,

Look from under the dog the gate is barking;

The gate is colorful, the dog is new.

The man grabbed the dog

And let's hit the stick.

The dog pressed the barn

Yes, she ran away.

The hut came to the man

There the woman is kneading the kneading dough.

There are reversals in the form of a narrative:

I got up in the morning, put shoes on my bare feet, put on an ax, tucked three skis into my belt, belted myself with a club, and supported myself with a sash. I did not walk along the wrong path; he tore up mountains near the basts; I went into an open field and saw a cow milking a woman under an oak tree. I say: “Auntie, mommy, give me one and a half cups of unleavened milk.” She didn't give it. I went out into the street: there was a husky dog ​​(like a dog barking) at me; How should I defend myself? I saw a sleigh on the road, grabbed the sleigh from the shaft, gave the husky a whip and went home.

In this case, the plot unfolds as unusual story, which happened to the narrator himself. EAT. Levina believes that even when there are “motives of prosaic fables, repetitions rhythmically organize them.”

...Yes, not a chicken on the stupa soyagnilas,

A cow skied,

Yes, the pig built a nest in the spruce tree.

Yes, she made a nest and raised children.

Little children and little pigs.

The little piggy is still hanging from the branches,

Hanging on the branches and flying though.

Butt-eared pig

I built a nest on an oak tree,

Piglets piglets

Exactly sixty.

Released the piglets

All according to little bitches.

The piglets are squealing

I want to fly.

O.I. Kapitsa noted that fables are accompanied by so-called “big songs.” In most of them, the characters are animals that act like people. She considers the following to be the most common: “Goat”, “Matchmaking of an Owl”, “War of the Mushrooms”, “Tickety”, “Death and Funeral of a Mosquito”, “Let’s go, little wife, to make a house”, “I lived with the priest”.

Similar songs by P.V. Shane calls them satirical and buffoonish. “Almost all of them,” he notes, “are distinguished by a clear satirical character, the meaning and purpose of which have been smoothed out over time, as a result of which they have largely lost interest for people of older generations. But, thanks to the abundance of alliterations, tautologies and rhymes, as well as the ease of remembering their simple musical motives, so to speak, they themselves asked for their invaluable services to mothers, nannies, and nurturers, for whom they were the most desirable, the most convenient and suitable means of entertaining and entertaining their own and other people’s little ones in a pleasant way. These little ones, having grown up into adolescence, begin to use these same songs and jokes with pleasure.”

The lack of precise terminology led to the fact that in the first collection of “Russian Folk Songs” P. Shein placed these songs in the children’s section, and in “Velikorussa” he transferred them to the group of humorous songs for adults.

Among the big songs, we will first point out the song about the “goat”, widespread among Russians, Belarusians and Ukrainians. O.I. Kapitsa gives more than 10 versions of the song. It tells that grandmother's favorite goat went for a walk in the forest, and there he was torn to pieces by wolves. Professor V.N. Peretz points to the prototype of this song, found in a collection of Polish songs by Gintovt and Rudnitsky dating back to 1713.

Here is the beginning of the most common version of this song:

Once upon a time there lived a gray goat with my grandmother,

Grandmother loved the goat very much.

The goat decided to take a walk in the forest,

Gray wolves attacked the goat,

All that remains are the goat's horns and legs.

After each line the refrain “That’s how, that’s how” and two last words. Gradually, the text, which is simple in structure, develops into a full text different events a song where a goat meets wolves and dies.

At the beginning, grandma's goat boasts:

Kill seven wolves

Sew a fur coat for Baba.

The goat turns out to be a coward and, upon meeting the bunny and the little fox, asks:

Aren't you my death?

Won't you eat me?

The animals respond to this

I am not your death

I won't eat you.

I'm already a bunny

I'm already white.

The goat then encounters seven wolves who attack him. The grandmother finds only his remains and arranges a wake for her pet. O.I. Kapitsa also gives an option with a happy ending, in which the goat deals with the wolves and returns home unharmed:

Oh you, grandma,

You, Varvarushka,

Open the gates

Take the goat.

The song ended up in a children's book and was widely used for pedagogical purposes. O.I. Kapitsa believed that it provides material for active children's games with singing for little ones, since “of all the big songs, it is especially close to children in form and content, which explains its popularity.” S.Ya. Marshak adapted the song into a play for the children's theater and for the Petrushka Theater. Obviously, O.I. Kapitsa is referring to S. Marshak’s play “The Tale of the Goat.”

No less common in terms of the number of variants is the song “Matchmaking and Wedding of an Owl”, in which birds act. It clearly has a satirical orientation. The characteristics of the birds that are offered to the bullfinch as a wife are distinctive. All of them are endowed with human qualities:

I would take a jackdaw - she has a club foot.

I would take the crow - she’s black.

I would take a swallow - she is fidgety.

I would take a cuckoo - it’s sad, etc.

At the same time, the groom is trying to find out the business qualities of his bride:

Do you, little owl, know how to spin and weave?

Do you know how to plow arable land?

Collections of children's fairy tales include the song “War of the Mushrooms”:

War was starting

In broad daylight.

It’s already started to fire,

The smoke just started pouring out.

As they said to the war

To our entire village,

Thought about it White mushroom -

Colonel to all mushrooms,

Sitting under the oak tree,

Looking at the mushrooms.

He turns to different mushrooms, but everyone refuses to go to war: the saffron milk caps say:

We are rich men

Not to blame for the regiments

Openki answer:

Our legs are very thin

We are not going to war, etc.

Finally, the milk mushrooms agree:

We guys are friendly

Give us sabers, guns,

We are protectors of the village,

We are going to war.

Children's songs are a parody of historical songs composed at the end of the 18th century under the influence of the Pugachev uprising. The lyrics ridiculed those who refused to go fight.

The songs “Let’s make a house, little wife,” and “I lived with the priest” are built on a number of onomatopoeias and names that characterize animals. The first song lists the animals purchased for the farm, the second - the animals given by the master to the worker for his service. Here's how the animals are characterized:

And the heifer is a boaster,

My mother-pester ram,

Kozinka Bela-Rusa,

The motley-pockmarked pig,

My duck is a float

My goose is a water sponge, etc.

Here is an example of onomatopoeia:

Kozynka - meke-keke,

Lamb - bya-bya, bya-bya,

Svinushka - rumbling, rumbling,

Turkey - shuldy-buldy,

Goose - ha-ga-gaga, etc.

Interaction of fables with literary forms. M.N. Melnikov and E.M. Levin shows the appearance of shapeshifters based on the book tradition: “A suitcase was sailing on the sea,” “The hut was walking along the bridge...”, “It was in January, the first of April.”

There are parodies of modern popular songs:

At the edge of the forest

Winter lived in a hut.

She cooked people...

Such texts contain motives of intimidation that are organically included in the structure of the genre. This circumstance brings parody songs closer to “ scary stories"and shows that the genre has not lost popularity in the modern children's environment.

Russian folk poems, fables, nursery rhymes.

Where has this been seen?

And in which village was it heard,

So that the hen gives birth to a bull,

The little piglet laid an egg

Yes, I took it to the shelf.

And the shelf broke off,

And the egg broke.

The sheep clucked

The filly cackled:

- Oh, where-where-where!

This has never happened to us before,

So that the armless man robs our cage,

The bare-bellied one put it in his bosom,

And the blind man was spying,

And the deaf man was eavesdropping,

And the legless Vogon ran,

The tongueless “guard” screamed!

A village was driving

Past the man

Suddenly from under the dog

The gates are barking.

He grabbed the club

The ax chopped

And for our cat

Ran through the fence.

The rooftops got scared

We sat on the raven,

The horse is racing

A man with a whip.

There is a stump in the swamp,

He's too lazy to move.

The neck doesn't move

And I want to laugh.

The fox ran through the forest,

The fox lost its tail.

Vanya went into the forest

Found a fox tail.

Lisa came early

Vanya brought berries,

She asked me to give her tail.

Because of the forest, because of the mountains

Grandfather Egor is coming

On a bulan cart,

On a squeaky horse.

He has boots with a pocket,

And a vest with a heel.

Belted himself with a club,

He leaned on his sash.

Between heaven and earth

The little pig was rummaging

And accidentally tail

Clings to the sky.

Fuck, bang, bang,

A mouse rides on hedgehogs.

- Wait, prickly hedgehog,

I can't bear to go any more,

You are very prickly, hedgehog.

Our ducks in the morning -

Quack-quack-quack! Quack-quack-quack!

Our geese by the pond -

Ha-ha-ha! Ha-ha-ha!

And the turkey in the middle of the yard -

Ball-ball-ball! Bullshit!

Our little walks are above -

Grru-grru-ugrr-u-grru-u!

Our chickens through the window -

Kko-kko-kko-ko-ko-ko-ko!

How about Petya the Cockerel

Early, early in the morning

He will sing to us ka-ka-re-ku!

Shadow-shadow-shadow,

There is a fence above the city.

The animals sat on the fence.

We boasted all day.

The fox boasted:

I am beautiful to the whole world!

The bunny boasted:

Go catch up!

Hedgehogs boasted:

Our fur coats are good!

The bear boasted:

I can sing songs!

Cockerel, cockerel,

golden comb,

Oil head,

Silk beard,

Don't you let the kids sleep?

Early in the morning

Shepherd: “Tu-ru-ru-ru!”

And cows suit him well

They sang: “Moo-moo-moo!”

You, Burenushka, go,

Take a walk in an open field,

And you'll come back in the evening,

Give us some milk.

It's boring for a wolf to live in the forest -

He starts a song.

So wrong, so awkward -

At least run out of the forest.

A fox dances in front of him -

He waves his red paw.

Even though I’m not in tune and I’m not in good shape -

He dances until he drops.

Sparrow squeaks on a branch

With all my might.

Let it be awkward, incomprehensible,

Still nice.

Like on thin ice

A little white snow fell.

A little white snow fell

Vanyushka, my friend, was driving.

Vanya drove, hurried,

He fell off his good horse.

Vanya fell and lies there,

Nobody runs to Vanya.

Two girls saw

They ran straight to Vanya,

They put Vanya on a horse,

They showed the way.

They showed the way,

Yes they punished:

How are you going, Ivan?

Don't yawn around!

The old hare is mowing hay,

And the fox is raking.

The fly carries hay to the cart,

And the mosquito throws.

They took us to the hayloft -

A fly screamed from the cart:

“I won’t go to the attic,

I'll fall from there

I'll break a leg,

I'll be lame."

They washed the buckwheat, they crushed the buckwheat,

They sent the mouse through the water

Along the bridge-bridge,

Yellow sand.

Lost for a long time -

I was scared of the wolf

Lost, tears streaming down,

And the well is nearby.

Oh, you oblique hare - like that!

Don't follow me - like that!

You'll end up in the garden - just like that!

You'll gnaw off all the cabbage - like this,

How can I catch you - like this,

I'll grab you by the ears - like this,

And I’ll unscrew the tail - just like that!

Appendix No. 4

Lesson notes

Topic: Folk arts and crafts.

Goal: To introduce children to folk art

crafts, develop a sense of pride for the Russian land,

famous for the craftsmen who created and are creating with their own hands

fabulous beauty.

To give children an idea of ​​the commonality of folk arts and crafts and their differences.

Help children through conversation, educational cards, visual aids, develop imagination, memory, sense of light, aesthetic perception.

Promote the formation in children true love and respect for one’s Motherland, for its historical past, for Russian original culture, for folk art and art.

Preliminary work:

Examination of postcards, albums, slides, products of Dymkovo, Gzhel and Khokhloma masters (each craft on a separate stand), drawing in coloring albums.

Materials and equipment:

Pictures and postcards depicting various folk crafts. Crockery: Gzhel, Khokhloma. Dymkovo toys.

Progress of the lesson

(Music plays quietly)

You can love Russia only when you see all the beauty of Russian nature, when you let the tragic and heroic story Russian people, listen to beautiful music, touch the true creations of the Russian people.

From time immemorial, our Russian land has been famous for its kind craftsmen, people who created and are creating fabulous beauty with their own hands.

In order to love, you need to see and know all this. Guys, today in class I want to tell you about folk arts and crafts.

There are a great variety of folk art crafts in Russia. And now we will take a tour of the most famous, most unique centers folk art.

Children approach the first stand. (Gzhel)

In a certain kingdom, in the Russian state, not far from Moscow, among forests and fields, stands the town of Gzhel. A long time ago, there lived brave and skillful, cheerful and beautiful craftsmen. They got together one day and began to think about how best they could show their skills, please all the people, and glorify their land. We thought and thought, but came up with an idea. They found wonderful, white, white clay in their native land, and decided to make various dishes from it, and such as the world had never seen. But Gzhel craftsmen decorated their products not only with stucco molding; they painted their dishes with blue paint of different shades. They painted various patterns of nets, stripes, and flowers on the dishes. The dishes turned out to be very intricate and elegant, and they began to call them “pale blue miracle.”

This cup is blue

Suddenly it reminds you of winter:

Melts in the cold snow

The blue meadow does not disappear.

Dawn in the cold

Chrysanthemums and daisies.

Bells and roses.

Decorate cups, vases

How much shine, how much gloss

In that blue and white faience!

Really, really

Is there no Gzhel in your house?

Children approach the second stand. (Khokhloma)

Let's continue our tour, look how beautiful the dishes are.

In the old days, people ate from wooden utensils. In the village of Khokhloma, skilled craftsmen made wooden dishes and painted them with beautiful paintings, sending them to other cities. People liked this dishware for its brightness, festiveness, and patterns. Cups, spoons, and ladles were a great success. Later they began to make children's furniture. Khokhloma residents make their dishes with great diligence. They use a lot of invention and imagination, come up with patterns that they look for in surrounding nature. On Khokhloma dishes, a blade of grass curls and swirls, sometimes red, sometimes black, and berries peek out from it: currants, raspberries, rowan, or flowers: poppies, bells, daisies.

I have listed the elements, but in Khokhloma painting they are called differently - a curl, and the leaves are decorated with animation, in the form of veins. Find strawberries, currants, curls, leaves, flowers on objects.

Well done boys! Listen to a poem about Khokhloma.

You guys don't know

From what and why,

Very often called

Golden Khokhloma?

Are they covered in gold?

Does it have trees and houses?

Maybe they shine everywhere

Golden towers?

Wooden, carved

Painted Khokhloma!

Amazing dishes -

That's what she's famous for.

This subtle one, this marvelous one

Golden curl!

Once you see it, you won't forget it,

And I would like to, but I couldn’t.

Children approach the stand with the Dymkovo toy.

Look guys, how beautiful it is! And the young lady, and the whistle, and the horses. What kind of pattern is this?

Now listen to my story about the Dymkovo toy.

Dymkovskaya Sloboda, not far from the city of Vyatka, is famous for its craftsmen. Famous spring fairs and folk festivals took place here, at which the first painted toys, such marvelous ones, appeared. This holiday is called “whistle”. Whistles sang in different voices, inviting spring, driving away cold winter. In almost every hut there lived craftsmen who mastered Dymkovo craftsmanship. From red clay mixed with sifted sand, various animals were born and born: mischievous horses, golden-horned deer, important turkeys, brave cavaliers, vocal whistles and fabulous, outlandish animals. A special feature of the Dymkovo toy is its simple geometric pattern, consisting of bright spots, circles, zigzags and stripes of different thicknesses. For this painting, combinations of bright colors are used: red, crimson, yellow, blue, green, orange, blue and, of course, black. As if from far away good fairy tale a miracle has come to us: funny little animals, wonderful Dymkovo toys.

There is a corner in Russia,

Where smoke comes from the pipes,

Famous village

Bright clay toy:

Motley figures.

Murkami cats,

Painted roosters,

Chickens, turkeys,

Amuses, caresses the eye

Motley Dymkovo pattern.

Summary of the lesson.

REFLECTION

Guys, did we have an interesting excursion? Do you want to become folk craftsmen? (Children's answers). Fine! Then I invite you to the next lesson on fine arts to our workshop, where you can become a folk craftsman.

Information sources

Knyazeva O.L. “Introducing children to the origins of Russian folk culture”, St. Petersburg, 1997.