Small rivers of Altai. The main river of the Altai Territory is the Ob. Lake Aya in Altai

The rivers of the Altai Territory mainly belong to the Ob system. In the west and north-west of the region there is an area of ​​internal flow - the drainless basin of the Kulunda lowland.

Altai Territory crosses in its upstream the Ob River, at a distance of 500 km its wide ribbon forms two giant bends. Ob and its tributaries Chumysh, Alley, Big River , Barnaulka and others have a calm flow, wide developed valleys, in which lie strongly winding riverbeds, with well-defined sandy stretches.

The river network in the Altai mountains, with the exception of the southeast, is well developed. Rivers start from glaciers and numerous lakes. On some flat watersheds there are swamps that give rise to rivers (Bashkaus is a tributary of the Chulyshman). Mountain rivers flow in narrow valleys, sometimes in dark, gloomy gorges. Along the rocky channel, strewn with boulders and pebbles, the water rushes down during a big fall, meets solid crystalline ledges, thresholds on the way, breaks against them, turning into white bubbling foam. The noise of the rapids is replaced by the roar of waterfalls, which are many in the Altai highlands.

The picture of roaring water falling in ledges from a height of tens of meters is amazing. The highest and most beautiful waterfalls are located on the slopes of the Belukha massif. On the northern slope along the Tekel (the right tributary of the Akkem) there is a 60 m high waterfall; on the Tigirek (left tributary of the Kucherla) - a 40 m waterfall. On the southern slope of the Belukha, in the upper reaches of the Katun, on its right tributary, there is a 30 m high placer waterfall. There are dozens of waterfalls on the rivers flowing into Lake Teletskoye. The Korbu waterfall is well known, its powerful stream falls from a 12-meter height.

The rivers of the Altai Territory have a mixed supply: rain, snow, glacier and soil.

Near the rivers of the Kulunda lowland, snow feeding prevails. They are characterized by spring floods. Very few in summer precipitation, the rivers become very shallow, in many places they dry up. By the end of summer, there is almost no water left in the upper reaches of the Kuchuk River; the channel represents chains of small elongated lakes.

Ob - flat river, but its sources and main tributaries are in the mountains, therefore, in the feeding and regime of the Ob, signs of flat and mountain rivers are observed. The Ob has two maximum water rises - in spring and summer. The spring rise of water comes from the melting of snow, the summer - from the melting of glaciers. Most low level water in the Ob in winter.

Low water in winter is typical for most rivers of the region. Rivers freeze for a long time. Freezing on the Ob and the rivers of the plains begins in the second half of November; by the end of April they are freed from ice.

Mountain rivers belong to the Altai type, which has a special regime and nutrition. First of all, they are rich in water, as they have power sources that continuously replenish their water reserves from atmospheric precipitation, from the melting of glaciers and the influx of groundwater.

Snow in the mountains melts for several months, from April to June. The second feature of snowmelt is that first the snow melts in the north Gorny Altai in the low mountains, and then in the middle mountains, and finally in the southern highlands. In June, snowfields and glaciers begin to melt. Sunny clear days alternate with rainy ones. There are years with long summer rains. Often, precipitation falls in the form of showers, and the water level in the rivers rises rapidly and strongly. The rivers of the highlands are fed by snow and glaciers, and therefore they are characterized by a summer, namely, June rise in water. There are autumn floods. In four to five months, most of the annual water flow drains.

Picture of maximum level water in the river gives hydrography. Altai rivers can roughly be divided into five groups.

1. Rivers with spring floods. Snow food. This group includes medium and small rivers of the foothill part with an average catchment height of up to 500 m.
2. Rivers with spring floods and rain floods. This group includes medium and small rivers with average height watersheds from 500 to 1500 m.
3. Rivers with spring-summer floods and rain floods. Food - snow, ice, rain. This group includes all large and medium-sized rivers with a catchment height of 1500 to 2500 m.
4. Rivers with a summer flood. Ice food. These are mainly medium and small rivers at altitudes above 2500 m.
5. Rivers with an even course of flow throughout the year. Ground food. Mostly these are small rivers.

The greatest groundwater supply is observed on rivers with an average catchment height ranging from 600 to 2000 m. The exception is the Chuya River, in which the share of groundwater is 33% of the annual runoff. This is due to the fact that the Chuya basin, filled with sand and pebble deposits, is a huge accumulator of groundwater, gradually entering Chuya.

The duration of freeze-up on the rivers of Altai ranges from 110 to 200 days, and in some parts of the rivers the water does not freeze. The beginning of freeze-up usually occurs in November, the opening - at the beginning - mid-April.

Belukha is not only a glacial knot, but also the most important feeding center for large and small rivers flowing from Belukha in different directions. The Belukha glaciers are very active in this regard, because they end low, which means they melt strongly and at the same time receive a lot of precipitation. According to the available hydrometric data, the first place in terms of water content belongs to the river Iedygem, the second and third place belongs to the Katun and Berel, then Ak-kem and Myushtu-airy. The total flow of glacial waters, which gives Belukha, is estimated at approximately 400 million cubic meters. m. per year. All this mass of water is taken at an altitude of about 2000 m and, therefore, has a huge potential reserve of power.

Characteristics of the rivers of Altai

The Masha River, 94 kilometers from the mouth, flows along the bank on the left side into the Chuya River. The river begins at the slope of the Maashey-Bash mountains, at the source of the river there is a glacier with the same name.

According to the statistics of the State Water Register of Russia, the Masha River is part of the Upper Ob Basin District. It is a water management section of the Katun River and a river sub-basin of the Biya and Katun Rivers. And also it was the river basin of the Upper Ob River, before it flowed into the Irtysh River.

The river extols a very picturesque and fresh view of the Altai Mountains. The water in it is clean and transparent, and the banks are bordered by small shrubs.

Black Iyus River

Black Iyus is a mountain river located in the north of Khakassia. It flows through the territories of Ordzhonikidzevsky and Shirinsky districts. The river merges with the White Iyus, forming the Chulym River, the right tributary of the Ob.

Inzhul is the left tributary of the Black Iyus.

The length of the river is 178 kilometers, the spillway area is 4,290 square kilometers. Its source is a karst lake, which is located in the eastern part of the Bely Golets mountain of the Kuznetsk Alatau. The mouth is the Chulym River. The source has a height of 1340 meters, the mouth - about 380 meters.

The basin is waterlogged by 5%, forest cover occupies 75% of the territory. IN annual course water regime spring flood, summer-autumn and winter low water can be distinguished. Rain pickups repeatedly break off the summer-autumn low water period. The total runoff of the summer-autumn period is 80-85%. In winter, icing appears with the release of water onto the ice.

The water of the river has a hydrocarbonate chemical composition. For a year, its consumption averages 43.1 meters per second.

Chemal River

The length of the Chemal River reaches 54 kilometers. Covers a decent part of the Altai Territory. Settlements there are many on the way of Chemal. The largest village has exactly the same name as the river. There it connects with the small river Kuba, from where, after seven kilometers, they flow into the Katun.

By the way, the very name "Chemal" is translated from Altai as "anthill". This name appeared because of the goats and sheep that grazed in this area more than a hundred years ago. From above, they looked like ants swarming in the grass.

In some places, Chemal is quiet and calm, pleasing to the eye with its calm, in others it seethes and foams. In an area where there is a strong flow in 1935, the Chemal hydroelectric power station was built.

In addition, the Chemalsky district is famous for the purity of its air. Therefore, along the banks of the river there are a huge number of tourist bases and campsites. There are even two sanatoriums: one just for children, and the second for children with tuberculosis.

Hello dear friends! I suggest you put aside your affairs for a while, distract yourself from your worries for a while and read interesting story Oksana Belousova rivers and lakes of Altai . You, looking at Oksana's photographs, will be able to mentally move to Altai and admire this magical land, and she perfectly conveys all her emotions.

There are many rivers (more than 20 thousand), streams and lakes in Altai, there are reservoirs of natural and artificial channels. I will share with you photos of the reservoirs that I myself saw. And how much more I have to see!

Rivers of Altai

Altai rivers - collage

Rivers in the Altai Territory

There are unusual and even some funny river names in the Altai Territory:

• Aychenok,
• Badger, Wolf, Otter, Hare, Hare, Goose, Crane,
• Bezstanka,
• Big Garlic,
• Big Siberian,
• rumble,
• Dirty, Zamarayka,
• Dugout,
• Zelenka.

The names are easy to remember and then you can show off your knowledge in geography lessons or in the game "Cities, Rivers". It was my favorite game in school.

Rivers in Gorny Altai

In the Altai Mountains there are also many beautiful, unusual names rivers:

• Akkem (White Water),
• Aktru (Station), Taldura (Willow site), Argut (the place where the snow leopard lives),
• Swan,
• Chulcha (Stream),
• Biya, Multa (there are 42 lakes in the Multa basin!), Katun, Kumir, Kucherla, Oroktai, Sandy, Pyzha, Tekelyu, Charysh, Chulyshman, Chuya, Shinok.

In our city of Biysk there are three rivers - Biya, Ob, Katun. And close to the city - Chemrovka and Chugunayka.

The Biya River in Gorny Altai

A pontoon bridge has been installed on the Biya River. The bridge is very helpful. After all, getting to the right place is faster.

Artificial reservoirs - sand pits, reservoir, culverts. This is also all there in Biysk.

The Biya River in the Altai Mountains - a collage

And here is a photograph rich in minerals. This spring is located in Kyzyl-Ozek.

Lakes of the Altai Territory

Most interesting names lakes in the Altai Territory:

• white,
• bitter,
• mirror,
• Crimson (the color of the lake is crimson due to crimson crustaceans),
• Manzherok
• moss,
• dead,
• Teletskoye
• Khomutinoe,
• Chernokurinskoe.

In the Altai Territory, most of the lakes have salt water, many lakes are famous for their healing water.

I was only on the lake Aya and Manzherok.

Lake Manzherok in Altai

Manzherok is well known to many, thanks to the song "Manzherok" by Edita Piekha. She sings about our lake - fabulous, in water lilies. Trees and flowers grow along the banks of the lake. There are always a lot of people on the beach. A local attraction is a white camel. Rides kids.

In the village of Manzherok there is cable car to the mountain Malaya Sinyukha - in the form of a lift with chairs. Once I went up there. The spectacle is magnificent!

Lake Manzherok in Altai - collage

Lake Aya in Altai

I visit Lake Aya every year. There is such a wonderful forest! Birch trees stand inclined to the water. in some places rocky shores. You can climb on them and look at the lake from high.

Lake Aya in Altai - collage 1

Cozy pavilions on the lake, boats, catamarans, slides in the water park.

And also a bungee! Once I was at the lake with my daughter. She said she would go to the forest. She left and after a while I hear her voice - to the whole lake. And she is already flying on a bungee over the lake, and screams both from the joy of flying and from fear. I got an adrenaline rush at the age of 18. I remember how her eyes burned after landing. The extremal had so much delight.

You swim, sunbathe, the air is clean, fragrant, the sun warms you tenderly and you don’t want to leave. I would have stayed there so as not to return to the city hustle and bustle, where the whole air smelled of gasoline.

The artist G. I. Choros-Gurkin was amazingly successful in conveying the beauty of Altai:

“... Altai is not just mountains, forests, rivers, waterfalls, but a living spirit, a generous, rich giant - a giant. He is fabulously beautiful with his multi-colored clothes of forests, flowers, herbs. Mists - his transparent thoughts - run in all directions of the world. Lakes are his eyes looking into the Universe. Waterfalls and rivers - his speech and songs about life, about the beauty of the earth, mountains ... "

beauty rivers and lakes of Altai - unsurpassed! And it's wonderful that we, who live in these beautiful, fabulous places, can enjoy, admire, admire all this at any time. natural wealth! I can sing the beauty of Altai for a long time. But it's time to say goodbye. And you get back to your business. I hope your heart is warmer and your mood has improved? All the best! And let me remember sunny summer! Warmly Oksana Belousova .

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Rivers and lakes of the Altai Territory primary school: Maslova Natalya Alexandrovna Belokurikha, Altai Territory

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There are more than 20,000 rivers in the Altai Territory, most of which belong to the Ob system. Many rivers start high in the mountains and have a rapid current. When leaving the mountains, the rivers become more and more calm. Most of the region's rivers are characterized by mixed nutrition, due to snow, ice and rain. IN winter time rivers are fed only by groundwater.

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The Biya Biya River is the second largest river in the region. It starts in Teletskoye Lake. Its length is 280 kilometers. In the upper part of the river - rapids, waterfalls, rifts. Merging with the Katun, the Biya gives rise to the Ob. The name Bii is associated with the Altaic word "biy", "beg", "bii" - "master". The food of the river is mixed. IN big water Biya is navigable.

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The Katun River flows out of the Gebler Glacier at an altitude of about 2000 meters on the southern slope of the highest mountain in Altai - Belukha. In the upper and middle reaches, the river has a mountainous character, especially in summer time when snow and glaciers melt intensively. In the lower reaches, it acquires a flat character, spilling below the village. Maima into channels and channels, and flows along the sloping plain to the north to the confluence with the Biya. Almost 7,000 rivers and streams flow into the Katun.

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The water in the Katun is turquoise and whitish-yellow. The water in the Katun is cold, its temperature rarely rises above 15 C in summer. The river is fed mainly by melting snow and ice from glaciers. The length of the river is 665 kilometers, in its basin there are about 7000 waterfalls and rapids.

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The confluence of the rivers Biya and Katun The confluence of the Biya and Katun is one of the main attractions of the Smolensk region. Two streams of rivers meet each other at the spit of Ikonnikov Island, not far from the village of Verkh-Obsky. Muddy whitish water of the Katun and transparent bluish water of the Biya flow for a long time without mixing with each other. The confluence of the Biya (“Biy”) and Katun (“Khatyn”) rivers has long been considered sacred by local ethnic groups. At the confluence of the Biya and Katun on the right bank of the Ob, at the beginning of the century, the temple of Alexander Nevsky was built. Ikonnikov Island itself is a unique natural object with fairly well-preserved island landscapes.

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River Ob main river Altai Territory is the Ob, formed from the confluence of two rivers - the Biya and Katun. At a distance of 500 km, the wide ribbon of the Ob crosses the Altai Territory, forming two giant bends. In terms of its length (3680 km), it is second only to the Lena (4264 km) and Amur (4354 km) in Russia, and in terms of the area of ​​​​the Ob basin, it is the largest river in our country, second only to five rivers on the planet: the Amazon, the Congo, the Mississippi, the Nile and La Plata. The food of the river is mixed. The Ob reservoir is located in the north of the region.

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The Aley Aley River is the largest tributary of the Ob in the flat part of the region. In length (755 km), it surpasses the Katun and Biya, but is inferior to them in terms of high water content. Aley originates in the low mountains of the northwestern Altai. This is a river with a mixed type of nutrition (snow and rain), the spring flood reaches its maximum in April. Loop-shaped large bends are characteristic of Aley, in the lower reaches the river has wide clay soil.

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The Chumysh River Chumysh is the right tributary of the Ob. The river originates in Salair, from the confluence of two rivers: Tom-Chumysh and Kara-Chumysh. Although the river is twice as long as the Biya (644 km), the Chumysh is a relatively shallow river. In many places its valley is marshy and covered with mixed forest. The share of snow supply is more than half of the runoff per year, and the maximum flood in Chumysh is in April.

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Cascade of waterfalls on the river Shinok Altai Territory, Soloneshensky district. There is a cascade of waterfalls on the Shinok River in the middle part of the valley. The Shinok River is an amazing and unique monument of nature, the uniqueness of which lies in the unprecedented accumulation of waterfalls. The waterfalls of the Shinok River became known at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, but gained popularity a century later. In 1999, the state nature reserve"Cascade of waterfalls on the Shinok River", and in 2000 three waterfalls received the status of natural monuments

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The Shinok River, whose name in Turkic means “impregnable”, “precipitous”, mostly flows in a picturesque gorge, which is surrounded by a rich cedar forest growing on the slopes of the mountains, which gives amazing view river valley. The Shinok River, a tributary of the Anui, originates on a swampy plateau southwest of Mount Askata (1786 m) on the border of the Soloneshensky district of the Altai Territory and the Ust-Kansky district of the Altai Republic. The valley of the Shinok River is deeply incised and has steep, often rocky slopes. Its length from the confluence of its two sources to the mouth is about 30 km, the height difference is 850 m. Most of the Shinok is a rocky channel with a rapid current, there are at least 12 waterfalls on the Shinok River.

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The Belaya River The Belaya River is the left tributary of the Charysh and flows through the southern territory of the Altai Territory. The Belaya River is up to 85 m wide and up to 2 m deep. high mountains. The Belaya River attracts tourists not only with its beauty, but also with the ability to raft along it.

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The Kumir River The Kumir River is one of the left tributaries of the Charysh. Located in the Charyshsky district of the Altai Territory. The river is not big, but it has a violent character, which makes it attractive for rafting enthusiasts. For 40 km the river Kumir flows in a deep gorge. There are about 17 rapids and 20 shivers in this section. This beautiful river full of thresholds of 2-3 categories of difficulty.

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On the river Kumir, there is a surprisingly picturesque place "Maiden's stretches", which is located near the village of Ust-Kumir. This place among the fast-moving river is unexpectedly quiet, calm with water transparent to the bottom. The Kumir basin is rich in minerals. There is a rare and very beautiful white jasper here, there are also deposits of rock crystal. The river is very picturesque, rafting along it, you can really get an unforgettable experience not only from its frantic nature and all kinds of obstacles encountered on the way, but also from the magnificent landscapes of the coastal areas. Nature here strikes with its pristine purity and beauty.

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The Korgon River Korgon is the left tributary of the Charysh. It originates on the northern slope of the Korgon Range. Throughout the course of the Korgon River is fast, rapids, in some places the river forms cascades. This is one of the most picturesque rivers in the whole Altai, it has a length of 50 km. The river flows in a shallow gorge, the riverbed is very rocky and rapids. And just before it flows into the Charysh, its valley expands. In total, there are 25 rapids and 40 shivers on Korgon.

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The river has tributaries Antonov Korgon, Korgonchik, etc. There are several apiaries in the valley. Korgon - can be called one of the most interesting rivers of Gorny Altai for sports rafting, containing numerous obstacles of 3-5 categories of difficulty. Korgon, together with the Kumir and Charysh rivers, form the link Kumir - Charysh - Korgon - Charysh, which is the only route in Altai of the 5th category of complexity. Unpredictability and diversity business card this river.

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The Charysh River The Charysh River is one of the largest rivers Gorny Altai; its length is 547 km. The river flows down from the northern slopes of the Korgon Range; in the upper reaches it rushes between steep slopes, like a typical mountain river, on average it calms down somewhat, in the lower reaches it enters the plain in a wide channel. Everywhere, except for the lower reaches, there are rapids and rifts. All major tributaries come from the left side: Kumir (66 km), Korgon (43 km), Inya (110 km), Belaya (157 km). If Charysh itself is called a turbulent river, then "mad" people speak of its left tributaries. They have a large drop, in significant areas flow between rocky shores.

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A significant part of the Charysh basin is occupied by forests. On the slopes of the Korgon Range, spruce and fir predominate; above, a zone of alpine meadows begins with low, but bright forbs. Maral root grows almost everywhere. The large-flowered slipper, the Altai gymnosperm and others listed in the Red Book of Russia have survived in the Charysh region. There are a lot of fish in the Charysh River: grayling and royal taimen are the dream of every fisherman; there are pike, perch, burbot. The mountain slopes in the Charysh basin are replete with caves, which makes it possible to go through speleological routes here. Those who are interested in archeology and the history of ancient times visit the caves in the vicinity of the village of Ust-Kan and the banks of the river in the middle reaches, where the sites of ancient people were found. Charysh and its tributaries are known among rafting enthusiasts.

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The Sandy River The Sandy River flows through the Altai, Smolensk, and Solonesh regions of the Altai Territory. The Peschanaya pool covers an area of ​​5660 sq. km. It is bounded from the west by the Anuysky ridge, from the east by the Cherginsky, and from the south by the spurs of the Terektinsky and Seminsky ridges. The Peschanaya River belongs to the Ob basin. The Peschanaya River descends from the eastern slope of the Seminsky Range, from a height of 1600 m, to the Pre-Altai Plain, where it flows into the Ob. More precisely, it does not descend, but quickly runs down from the mountains, overcoming obstacles in the form of shivers and rapids, branching into channels and connecting into a single channel.

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The path of the river is 276 km long. The Sandy River is beautiful and very diverse. Rushing water washes either heaps of stones, or sandbars, or sheer booms, or steep screes. The river is a popular destination for water tourists. The river is also of great interest to anglers. These places are very popular among lovers of fishing, even special fishing tours are organized. The mouth of Peschanaya has the status of a natural monument as an extremely picturesque area. This place is unique in that there are many floodplain lakes and bays, on the banks of which waterfowl nest.

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Lakes of the Altai Territory Altai is the land of thousands of lakes. Picturesque Altai lakes. There are thousands of them in the region, and they are located throughout the territory. Most of the lakes are located in the Kulunda lowland and on the Priobsky plateau. No wonder Altai is called the land of blue lakes. Small mountain and steppe lakes give natural landscapes a peculiar charm and originality. Most big lake in the Altai Territory, the bitter-salty lake Kulundinskoye (area 600 sq. km, length - 35 and width 25 km). It is shallow, maximum depth- 4 m), fed by the waters of the Kulunda River and groundwater. To the south of Kulundinsky is the second largest lake - Kuchukskoe (area 180 sq. Km). It is completely similar in regime and nutrition to Kulunda and used to be connected to it by a canal.

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Kulunda lake Kulunda lakes are all remnants ancient sea, which existed many millions of years ago on the site of the present plains. Many of these lakes have long been famous for their mineral waters, possessing healing properties, as well as therapeutic clays and mud. The largest lake in the region is Kulunda. Its shores are flat, low-lying, merging with the flat surface of Kulunda. Kulunda Lake is shallow, fed by the waters of the Kulunda River and groundwater.

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Lake Kolyvanskoye Lake is located at the foot of the northern slope of the Kolyvan Range, 3 km east of the village. Savvushka in the vicinity of Zmeinogorsk, Altai Territory. Kolyvan Lake is a complex natural monument. This is one of the largest lakes in the southwestern part of the Altai Territory (length 4 km, width 2-3 km). But that's not what it's famous for. The shores of this beautiful, calm and very clean lake are framed by rocks of bizarre outlines, to which the human imagination gives the forms of columns, palaces, fantastic animals, human faces.

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Kolyvan Lake is compared to a blue gem in a frame of picturesque rocks. The purity of the water in Lake Kolyvan is evidenced by the fact that there is a rare water chestnut - chilim, listed in the Red Book. This is a relic plant, preserved from the pre-glacial period. On the territory of Altai, chilim is also found in Lake Manzherok and in several small lakes. Chilim is rich in protein and starch. In the old days it was eaten, it also served as amulets and talismans.