Summer Palace Tsarskoye Selo. The Great Catherine Palace in Pushkin (Tsarskoye Selo). Accommodation in Tsarkoye Selo - where to stay for the night

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Grand Catherine's Palace(also known as Big Tsarskoye Selo Palace , Catherine Palace) - the former imperial palace; one of the largest in the vicinity of St. Petersburg. Located in the modern city of Pushkin (formerly Tsarskoye Selo), 25 kilometers south of St. Petersburg.

Story

In 1717, when St. Petersburg was being created on the banks of the Neva, in Tsarskoe Selo under the guidance of the architect I.-F. Braunstein, the construction of the first stone royal house began, which went down in history under the name "stone chambers" of Catherine I. In August 1724, as a sign of the completion of construction, a festival was held in the palace, during which "thirteen cannons were fired three times." The ceremony was attended by the king and major statesmen. At that time, the palace was a small two-story structure typical of Russian architecture of the early 18th century.

During the reign of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, in late 1742 - early 1743, it was decided to expand the building according to the project of M. G. Zemtsov (1688-1743), but the death of the architect prevented the implementation of the plan. After Zemtsov, work in Tsarskoye Selo was carried out by A. V. Kvasov (1720 - after 1770) and his assistant G. Trezzini (1697–1768), but already in May 1745 Trezzini was replaced by the famous architect S. I. Chevakinsky (1713–1780) , who supervised construction in Tsarskoye Selo until the early 1750s.

From the end of 1748 to 1756, the construction of the Tsarskoye Selo residence was headed by the chief architect of the imperial court F.-B. Rastrelli (1700–1761). On May 10, 1752, Elizaveta Petrovna signed a decree on the overhaul of the old building, and already on July 30, 1756, Rastrelli demonstrated his new creation to the crowned customer and foreign ambassadors.

The palace, built in the Baroque style, delighted with its size, powerful spatial dynamics and "picturesque" decor. The wide azure ribbon of the facade with snow-white columns and gilded ornaments looked festive. Rastrelli decorated the palace facades with figures of Atlanteans, caryatids, lion masks and other stucco decorations, made according to the models of the sculptor I.-F. Dunker (1718–1795). Five gilded domes of the Palace Church towered above the northern building, and above the southern one, where the front porch was located, there was a dome with a multi-pointed star on the spire. It took about 100 kilograms of pure gold to gild the exterior and interior decorations. At the same time, the front parade ground was finally decorated, fenced with palace wings and one-story service buildings located in a semicircle - circumferences.

Just as luxuriously Rastrelli decorated the apartments of the palace. The Ceremonial enfilade created by him, decorated with gilded carvings, was called "golden". The enfilade arrangement of the halls, which was not known in Russia until the middle of the 18th century, was also introduced by Rastrelli in other palaces, but only in Tsarskoye Selo the length of the front rooms was equal to the length of the entire building - from the Main Staircase to the Palace Church.

The next stage in the design of the ceremonial and residential halls of the palace dates back to the 1770s. The new owner of the residence, Empress Catherine II, who was fascinated by ancient art, wished to decorate her apartments in accordance with fashionable tastes and entrusted them to the Scottish architect, an expert on ancient architecture C. Cameron (1743–1812). The interiors he created - the Arabesque and Lyon drawing rooms, the Chinese Hall, the Domed dining room, the Silver Cabinet, the Blue Cabinet (Snuffbox) and the Bedchamber - were distinguished by their exquisite beauty, the severity of decorative design and the special elegance of decoration. Unfortunately, these halls perished during the Great Patriotic War and have not yet been restored.

The rooms intended for the Grand Duke Pavel Petrovich (the future Emperor Paul I) and his wife Maria Feodorovna, decorated by C. Cameron in the same years, are now recreated: the Green Dining Room, the Waiter's Room, the Front Blue Room, the Chinese Blue Living Room and the Bedchamber allow you to get acquainted with the unique interiors , created by a Scottish architect, whose work was so loved by Catherine II.

May 7th, 2015 09:00 am

In 1704 for the defense maritime boundaries Russia on the island of Kotlin is laid.
A year earlier, in 1703, at the mouth of the Neva onOn Hare Island, the construction of the first stone building in St. Petersburg, the Peter and Paul Fortress, began.
The future northern capital of Russia was built up, grew inIn 1717, in the town of Saarskaya manor (later Tsarskoye Selo), the construction of the first stone royal house for the mistress of the land began - Catherine I.

In August 1724, construction was completed, and a small two-story building, typical of Russian architecture of the early 18th century, received the proud name KStone Chambers of Catherine I.
Today we will visit the Catherine Palace (until 1910 the Great Tsarskoye Selo) Palace, which, as a result of several restructurings, turned into the Stone Chambers of Catherine I.

So, built in the 20s of the XVII centuryfirst stone palaceCatherine I stood unchanged until 1740. And after the accession to the Russian throne of the daughter of PeterI Elizabeth began a major restructuring of her mother's palace.
In 1744Rastrelli received an order from Empress Elizabeth Petrovna for a complete restructuring
Stone chambers. In 1756, the work was completed and Rastrelli revealed to the world- Grand Palace of Tsarskoye Selo.

During the time of Catherine II, the figures and stucco of the facade were gilded with real gold, and foreign guests wrote that if you look at it in sunny weather, it blinded in the literal sense of the word. Now the sculptures are more like terracotta (I don’t know if they are completely or just prepared for restoration).
Now gilding is only on forged openwork lattices of balconies and gates.

No story, no photographs can convey the true splendor of the Catherine Palace. There is a lot of information on it and it is difficult to reduce it, but I will try.

The Catherine Palace is preening after a long winter.

Entrance to the halls of the palace is paid and carried out strictly on time.
And acquaintance with the interior of the palace begins with the Main Staircase. We will climb it and begin our acquaintance with the halls, rooms and living rooms of the palace.

The main staircase consists of two three-flight stairs with an intermediate platform.
White marble steps rise from both sides to the middle platform, from which four flights lead to the second floor, to the main halls.

The walls are decorated with stucco ornaments, decorative vases and dishes of Chinese and Japanese porcelain of the 18th-19th centuries are placed on them. This was done in memory of the Chinese Hall located here in the middle of the 18th century.

Restored marble sculptures are installed on the landings of the stairs. 1860 Sleeping Cupid and Waking Cupid.
This sleeping one, and waking up, I somehow lost sight of.)))

The electronic guide leads past the Cavalier's dining room immediately to the main and largest hall of the Catherine Palace -Great Hall (Great Gallery, Light Gallery or Throne Room).

An elegant hall with an area of ​​more than 800 square meters was intended for official receptions and celebrations, ceremonial dinners, balls and masquerades. The painting of the ceiling lamp is made with a perspective distortion, which creates the impression of infinitely high walls.

The decor of the Great Hall is amazing!

The Grand Palace of Tsarskoye Selo Shot for the first time in Russia he used the enfilade arrangement of premises. For the abundance of gilded carvings, the enfilade of the Catherine Palace was named "Gold enfilade".
Rastrelli created an enfilade from a chain of halls from front stairs before Church building with a total length of 300 meters. True, the main staircase was then not in the center of the Palace, but in its southern wing next to the Zubovsky wing.
Do not wait and do not hope to see the Golden Enfilade empty.

One of the rooms of the Golden Enfilade is the Cavalier's Dining Room. Small in size room Rastrelli visually enlarged due to the mirrors, designed in the form of glazed doors.
The dining room was heated by a multi-tiered tiled stovewith cobalt painting.

Ribbons in the decoration of the tables echoed the sets, which were called "Order".
Services weredecorated with signs and ribbons of Russian orders:St. Andrew the First-Called, St. George, St. Alexander Nevsky and St. Vladimir anddecorated the tables on the days of solemn holidays dedicated to the patrons of these most honorable domestic awards.

The white front dining room is another room in the enfilade. She was intended for ceremonial dinners and "evening meals" of the empress in a narrow circle of close associates.

In glass showcases on consoles between the windows aredecorative fragrant vases called "boule-da-nezh". Theymade at the Meissen factory in the second half of the 18th century. This, of course, is far from the only decoration of the White Front Dining Room.

Rastrelli, striving to give the decor of the Catherine Palace the maximum variety,used in these rooms original materials for that time.The walls of the rooms were covered with white damask, and on top of the damask were pilasters made of clear glass with colored (crimson and green) foil placed under the glass. These pilasters-columns (pillars) gave the name to the Pillar Rooms.

Delightful German Work Bureauadorns the Green Pillar.

very fashionable in18th century depictions of Arap boys holding baskets of fruit or flowers on their heads.

And here, too, a tiled stove. All stoves were an integral part of the halls of the Front Enfilade and were created according to Rastrelli's sketches.

And this is the Picture Hall of the Catherine Palace.

With all the value of paintings placed on the walls according to the principle of trellis hanging, they are just wall decor! The architect hung them solely guided by the size of the canvases and the principle of matching the color scheme.

The true adornment not only of this room, but of the entire Front Enfilade are the doors of the Picture Hall, or rather, the gilded carvings decorating them.

The next in the Front Enfilade is the Small White Dining Room.
It was from this room that the private quarters of Elizabeth Petrovna, and then Catherine II, began.

The carved gilded armchairs and the bureau of typesetting wood in this room are most likely made by the personal order of Catherine II. Pictures, armchairs and bureaus were evacuated from the palace and, therefore, practically did not suffer.

Alexander's Chinese Living RoomI - stands out from all the rooms and halls of the enfilade with walls upholstered in Chinese silk hand-painted with watercolors. During the last restoration, these silk wallpapers were restored according to the surviving silk pattern.
And here there is a stove lined with tiles. Portraits of members of the Romanov family are hung on the walls.

And the last room I would like to say a few words about is the Green Dining Room. If until now we have considered the interiors of Rastrelli, then the interiors made by Cameron begin from here. The Green Dining Room, followed by the Waiter's Room, the Front Blue Room, etc., were rebuilt according to his design in 1779 as the private quarters of Emperor Paul I and Grand Duchess Maria Feodorovna.
It is from this dining room in 1957 restoration of the Catherine Palace began.

Then a very strange thing happened, which I simply cannot tell about. The audio guide ended here and the whole group, having not looked at almost a quarter of the premises, including the Palace Church, turned onto the Church (Stasovskaya) stairs and was taken out of the palace. So be careful. And I will have to visit Tsarskoye Selo again.

Well, what else would you like to mention...

During the Great Patriotic War, the palace was badly damaged. The restorers did a tremendous job of restoring the historic interiors. Now 35 of the 58 halls of the Catherine Palace have been recreated. In addition, all its facades have been completely restored and restored.

And, of course, in the story about the Catherine Palace, one cannot fail to mention its true pearl - the Amber Room. In addition, this is perhaps the only room in the palace overgrown with so many legends, myths and strange incidents. And this is the only room in the palace where photography is prohibited. Absolutely forbidden! Even on mobile phones!
Disappeared without a trace in 1945, the Amber Room has not been found to this day. Her premises were restored, or rather restored, for 23 years.
The opening of the restored Amber Room took place in the spring of 2003.
Few numbers:
- Height of the Amber Room‑ 7.8 meters
- Floor area‑ 100 sq. meters,
- Facing three walls with amber‑ 86 sq. meters.
- Of the 6 tons of amber used for restoration, 80% went to waste.
- Dto restore the Amber Room, amber from the Kaliningrad
field, which accounts for almost 95% of the world's reserves.
- WITHthe largest nugget used in the work,bought from a Moscow collector for
a thousand dollars. Nuggetweighed 1 kg.
- Restoration spent: 11.35 million dollars.From the Russian budget -7.85 million and
3.5 million from the funds of the German company RuhrgasAG.

Who cares - the official website of the State Museum-Reserve "Tsarskoye Selo".

And a musician is playing in the park next to the palace!

That's where, in Catherine's Park, we'll go next time, but that's all for today.

The Catherine Palace occupies a central place in the palace and park ensemble of Tsarskoye Selo. Every day, its magnificent halls are visited by thousands of tourists, and the most popular in the Catherine Palace is the famous Amber Room, restored for the 300th anniversary of St. Petersburg.

The Catherine Palace can be called a monument to the patience of the Russian people, who managed to restore the historic building, destroyed during the years of occupation of the city of Pushkin by German troops. More than 70 years have passed since the end of the war, but some halls are still being restored.

Opening hours of the Catherine Palace in 2019

The world-famous Amber Room is located in the Catherine Palace. Inspection of the Amber Room is included in the standard tour of the Catherine Palace. Visitors are gathered in the hall of the palace in small groups of 15-20 people. The group follows the halls of the palace with a guide. In my opinion, the inspection is too cursory - the tour takes about 20 minutes. Therefore, you are unlikely to have time to look at the interiors, listen to the guide and take pictures at the same time. Literally a couple of minutes the group lingers in the Amber Room. However, usually no one forbids you to break away from your group and calmly stroll through the halls of the Catherine Palace.

• IN winter period from 10:00 to 17:00
• During autumn, spring and winter holidays from 12:00 to 17:00
• Ticket offices close 15 minutes earlier
• Days off - Tuesday and last Monday of the month
• From May to September, the day off is only Tuesday

It is recommended to start the walk from this palace, because. there may be significant queues and opening hours for non-group visitors. The ticket indicates the time of the visit (groups run every 20 minutes).

Photography is allowed in the Catherine Palace and Park, with the exception of the Amber Room.

The cost of tickets to the Catherine Palace in 2019

• For adults - 700 rubles.
• For children under 16 - free of charge
• For students (from 16 years old) and students - 350 rubles.
• For pensioners of Russia and Belarus - 350 rubles.

• Keep your entrance ticket to the park! A ticket to the palace is issued only upon presentation of a ticket to the park.
• Tickets to the Catherine Palace are valid for an hour after the sale
• Excursion in Russian is included in the ticket price
• There is an audio guide in English, French, German, and Chinese. The cost of renting an audio guide is 200 rubles. As a deposit, you must leave 1000 rubles or an identity document

Description

The construction of the majestic building, whose length is 306 meters, was carried out by the famous architect, master of the Baroque style Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli. It was he who determined the main dimensions of the building, the decoration of its facades and interiors.

The construction of the building was carried out from 1748 to 1756, the interiors of the palace mainly reflect two styles - baroque and classicism. The Catherine Palace is magnificent, both outside and inside.

External decoration

The blue, white and golden colors of the building give it a solemn and holiday look. The facade is decorated with white columns, stucco elements and figures of Atlanteans. Outbuildings connected by covered galleries depart from the central part of the palace. In the northern part of the building rises the five-domed palace church with gilded domes.

The southern wing, where the front porch used to be, is crowned with a gilded dome with a star on the spire. In total, almost 100 kilograms of pure gold were used to gild the exterior and interior elements of the building.

Interior decoration

Such renowned architects as Francesco Rastrelli and Charles Cameron, Vasily Stasov and Ippolit Monighetti took part in the interior design of the Catherine Palace.

• According to the project of Rastrelli, halls for receptions were created on the second floor of the building, they were decorated with golden carvings and located along one axis, making up the Golden front suite. He also designed the chambers intended for living. royal family, the so-called Small enfilade.

According to the drawings of the architect, the Great Hall or the Light Gallery was created - this is the largest hall of the Catherine Palace. Often called the Throne Room and the Grand Gallery, it was intended for official receptions and ceremonial dinners, balls and masquerades. The area of ​​the hall, located in the entire width of the building is 860 square meters. meters.

It should be noted that under Elizabeth Petrovna, court life in Russia acquired an incredible scope and the content of the royal court, as well as court ceremonies, began to account for almost a large share of the state budget. Rastrelli took into account the scale of the events and invested in the construction of the hall all his skill, talent and engineering.

The hall measuring 47 by 17 meters has no overlap, which creates a feeling of spaciousness and light. Through large windows overlooking both sides of the building, the sun's rays penetrate the entire room during the day, and in the evening candles framing the mirrors are lit.

• During the reign of Catherine II, the arrangement of the palace was carried out by the architect Charles Cameron. He created several rooms for the empress in the southern part of the palace. One of the brightest ceremonial halls designed by Charles Cameron for Catherine II is the Arabesque Hall. The walls of the room were decorated with luxurious panels with ornaments (arabesques), which depicted men and women in Roman attire, priestesses at the altars and mythical creatures dancing graces and cupids. This hall was completely destroyed during the war and was rebuilt in 2010.

Also for Catherine II, who was passionate about ancient art, Cameron created the interiors of the Lyon Drawing Room and the Chinese Hall, the Domed Dining Room and the Silver Cabinet, the Blue Cabinet (Snuffbox) and the Bedchamber.

For Pavel, the son of Catherine II, the architect designed the Green Dining Room, the Front Blue and Chinese Blue Drawing Rooms, the Waiter's Room and the Bedchamber.

• Under Alexander I, in 1817, the architect Vasily Petrovich Stasov, who also worked in the style of classicism, created the Front Office and several adjoining rooms.
• The final work on the reconstruction of the palace was carried out by the architect Ippolit Antonovich Monighetti, a representative of the eclectic style, who built the Main Staircase in 1862-63.

From the history

The Catherine Palace owes its beauty to three Russian empresses- Catherine I, Elizabeth Petrovna and Catherine II, who paid great attention to the country residence in Tsarskoye Selo.

At present, it is difficult to imagine that three hundred years ago, on the site of this majestic building, there was a modest two-story palace, consisting of 16 rooms and called the Stone Chambers.

Its construction began in 1717 under the direction of the architect Johann Braunstein. At the same time, the Upper Garden, consisting of three terraces, and the Lower Garden were laid out on the slope on the eastern side. To the west, the Menagerie was built, later transformed into the Alexander Garden.

In 1744, according to the plan of the young architect Kvasov, the building was built on and connected by galleries with attached two-story outbuildings. In the future, each new Russian ruler also rebuilt the Catherine Palace.

A radical transformation took place under the Empress Elizabeth Petrovna in 1752. For four years, Francesco Rastrelli, a well-known specialist in the Baroque style, supervised the reconstruction of the building and the park.

During the Great Patriotic War, the territory of Tsarskoye Selo was occupied and the palace was almost completely destroyed, 80% of its interiors were lost. The Amber Room was removed by the Nazis from Pushkin and disappeared without a trace in Koenigsberg before the Soviet troops entered it.

In addition, many exhibits of the museum were lost even before the start of the war, in the 1930s, when the sale of many valuable objects of painting, sculpture and applied art began. The staff of the complex, as best they could, protected the exhibits scheduled for sale. The curators tried to save the works of art by reducing the value of the painting, for example, instead of the Italian school they indicated the Spanish one.

In addition, many valuable works went to the Hermitage: when a “gap” appeared there, works of art were taken from the museum in Tsarskoye Selo.

Valuable exhibits of the children's half of the palace were completely lost, including textbooks, transparencies and herbariums, pencils and notebooks. All this was given to children's colonies, where they brought all the children of Petrograd who had lost their parents.

In 1959, thanks to the painstaking work of restorers, historians and architects, six halls of the museum were opened. In 2003, visitors were also able to see the pearl of the Catherine Palace - the Amber Room, the restoration of which took about 6 tons of amber.

The Catherine Palace until 1910 was called the Great Tsarskoye Selo. This object is currently cultural heritage federal significance, which is part of the State Museum-Reserve "Tsarskoye Selo".

The Catherine Palace in Tsarskoye Selo is the central part of the architectural palace and park ensemble in Tsarskoye Selo. Every day, thousands of tourists pass through the halls of this palace, and the most popular place here is the famous Amber Room, the restoration of which was completed just in time for the 300th anniversary of the northern capital of Russia. Photos and videos of the Amber Room can be seen below in the article.

During the military occupation of the city by the Germans, the building of the Catherine Palace was destroyed, but the common people, after the end of hostilities, zealously set about restoring it. But even now, more than 70 years after the end of the war, restoration work in some halls of the palace continues. A typical tour for tourists through the halls of the palace takes about an hour, and in the rest of the time, tourists can take walks in the Alexander or Catherine's park, look at the expositions in the museum. A.S. Pushkin.

Reconstruction

The construction of the Catherine Palace, located in Tsarskoye Selo, began in 1717, and was led by good architect Johann Brownstein. In the same period of time, the Upper and Lower Gardens were created on the eastern side of the architectural structure, and constituent parts steel 3 terraces. In the western part of the palace, the Menagerie was built, on the site of which the Alexander Garden was later spread.

In 1744, superstructures were made, and the main building was connected with the help of spacious galleries with completed outbuildings, consisting of two floors. In the future, the palace was repeatedly subjected to changes every time a new ruler came to power. But the largest reconstruction of the architectural structure was carried out during the reign of Empress Elizabeth. In 1752, it was started, and was carried out under the direction of the architect Francesco Rastrelli.

Recovery after the war

Catherine's Palace in Tsarskoye Selo was completely destroyed during the hostilities, and most of its interiors were lost. Many exhibits were lost even before the Second World War, when valuable sculptures, paintings and applied arts were sold for next to nothing. Some valuable works at that time moved to the Hermitage. In 1959, the restoration of six halls of the destroyed Catherine Palace was completed and they were opened to visitors. In 2003, the main attraction of the palace, called Amber room. Photos and videos about which you can see in the article.

Palace architecture

The construction of a majestic architectural structure with a length of 306 m was carried out by a skilled master of the Baroque style - the architect Rastrelli. Under his leadership, the dimensions of the architectural object were determined, interior decoration halls, interiors and decor of the facades of the palace. The construction of the Catherine Palace was carried out in the period from 1748 to 1756, and the interiors of the building reflect mainly classical and Baroque styles.

The splendor of this palace inside and out is simply amazing! Solemnity appearance structures give golden, bluish and white colors to the facade. Worthy decoration for the facades of the palace are white columns, beautiful figurines atlases and stucco elements. The central part of the building is connected to the outbuildings by covered galleries. To the north of the central building is the palace church, decorated with 5 gilded domes. In the southern part of the building, the main porch used to be located, and now there is a gilded dome, the spire of which is decorated with a star.

The interior design of the Catherine Palace in Tsarskoye Selo was carried out by several outstanding masters, among them Rastrelli, Vasily Stasov and Charles Cameron. According to their designs, the Great Hall of the Palace, several halls for guest receptions, imperial chambers, a bright gallery (the largest palace hall), the Domed Dining Room, the Lyon Drawing Room, the Silver Cabinet, the Snuffbox, the Chinese Hall, and the Bedchambers were created.

How to get there?

You can get to the Catherine Palace on your own. Tourists need to get from Vitebsky railway station or Moskovskaya metro station to railway station city ​​of Pushkin. From here you can take a bus or fixed-route taxi that take passengers to State Museum-Reserve"Tsar's Village". You can get here without transfers from the Zvezdnaya or Kupchino metro station, on the 186th bus. The location of the Catherine's Palace is determined by the address Sadovaya street, 7.

What tourists need to see

While staying on the territory of the Catherine Palace, be sure to visit its beautiful halls famous for their interiors

The Amber Room. She was rightfully awarded the title of the Eighth Wonder of the World, and she appeared in the palace in 1775. At that time, Empress Elizaveta Petrovna ordered that panels of natural amber, which had been decorating Winter Palace. True, these panels were not enough to decorate the entire room, and therefore the architect Rastrelli, who led the process of transforming the room, decided to supplement the decor with mirrors and amber paintings. Subsequently, some of the canvases were replaced with real amber panels.

Throne room. The largest room in the area of ​​the Catherine Palace. Here are the highest ceilings, reaching 7 meters. Numerous mirrors and huge windows give additional expansion to this room. It was here that banquets, social events, balls, receptions and gala dinners were held in past centuries. On the ceiling of the Throne Room, visitors can see beautiful murals created by the artists Franchuoli and Wunderlich.

Arabesque Hall

Arabesque hall. For a long time restoration work was carried out here, so tourists were not able to visit the arabesque hall. However, it still opened in 2010, when the restoration was completed. Initially this room was intended for solemn receptions on the occasion of the arrival of the Empress. Subsequently, this room was converted for ordinary ceremonial receptions, and the name was given to the hall because its walls are decorated with arabesque paintings.

Video

Also all of the above. You can see not only in the photo, but also in small video films. Imagine, in truth, the royal decoration and the interior of the palace. Also, if you have been to the palace before, share your impressions with our readers. Or subscribe to one of our channels and get the latest reviews about the beauties of Russia.