Honey agaric (Agaric mushrooms). Description, distribution and types of mushrooms. "real mushrooms can be eaten raw" Mushrooms are still available in October

With the onset of autumn, the world around is changing, changing its shades. This is especially noticeable in the autumn forest. Walking along the forest paths, you can completely get enough of the various colors that nature itself generously endows us with. Among three months October is the brightest autumn. It is not so warm already, but on sunny days all the trees in the forest burn with gold. A walk in the forest, if desired, is carried out with benefit. Among the fallen leaves, you can see a mushroom that is trying to hide. Autumn is the period of mushroom picking. There is where to roam to fame and prepare mushrooms for the winter. Let's figure out first what mushrooms grow in October.

October Harvest!

In the middle month, the number of mushrooms begins to decrease, but their quality noticeably improves. Due to the fact that the nights are already cool, and there are fogs in the morning, the mushroom flies appear less and less. Mushrooms, respectively, retain their integrity. In this connection, the fungi that we collect in the fall are better stored, unlike those collected in the summer.

IN different regions countries, the diversity of mushroom species is still different. A lot depends on climatic conditions. When going for mushrooms, take a real mushroom picker with you, because if you are not professional in this matter, you run the risk of grabbing poisonous species, which are very similar to edible mushrooms. Therefore, do not take risks, but approach this issue with all seriousness.

In October woodlands can inhabit the following fungi:

The hat is funnel-shaped, the shape is correct. IN early age convex with curled edges. The young mushroom is dark olive in color, earthy. Darkens to a dark brown with age. The stem of the mushroom is thickened up to 8 centimeters in height of a cylindrical shape. It narrows towards the bottom. It is lighter than the hat. As it matures, it becomes hollow. The flesh of the mushroom is dense and brittle.

Mushrooms include several types of mushrooms that the habitat has in common, namely that they usually grow on tree trunks. Summer mushroom is one of the most common mushrooms that are eaten.

What do summer mushrooms look like

The cap is up to 6 cm in diameter. In a young fruiting body, it is convex, and when growing up it becomes flat with a central tubercle. During rain, the color becomes brown, and in dry weather, matte honey. The edge of the cap with clearly visible grooves, usually darker than the central part. Upper layer smooth to the touch and slightly slimy.

At the bottom of the cap are thin plates, which can be adherent or slightly descending. The older the mushroom, the darker the color of the plates. The flesh of the cap is watery and pale yellow-brown in color.

A thin leg no more than 7 cm high has a dense structure. The color is uneven: in the upper part is lighter than at the base. In addition, there are small dark scales below. Young individuals are characterized by the presence of a remnant of a coverlet in the form of a thin ringlet, which disappears with time.

Places and rules for collecting summer mushrooms

The season for collecting summer mushrooms begins in June and continues until the beginning of autumn. Mushrooms are found in all forest plantations in Russia. Experienced mushroom pickers go out in search of a crop after prolonged rains, especially if it's worth warm weather. Most often, mushrooms settle in hard-to-reach or impassable places. If a tree with a rotten hollow comes across on the way, it is recommended to look into it, otherwise you can miss a whole nest of mushrooms.

Summer mushrooms, in addition to fallen trees and clearings, can settle on healthy wood or at the base of a tree, in leaves or tall grass. Mushrooms love birch, oak and hazel.

Varieties of honey mushrooms (video)

not to return from silent hunting empty-handed, it is recommended to go for mushrooms in a forest over 30 years old, since its forest area has many places suitable for mushrooms: windbreak, rotten stumps, protruding root system. At the same time, it is important to adhere to the established rules for collecting forest gifts:

• do not cut unfamiliar or unfamiliar mushrooms;
• if there are suspicions about the edibility of the mushroom, it is better not to pick it;
• it is not recommended to collect very young or, conversely, old specimens, since the fruiting body absorbs toxic substances during growth;
• it is desirable to twist the tubular view, and break or cut the marsupials;
• when picking a mushroom, it is important not to cause damage to the mycelium;
• since mushrooms grow in colonies, when one mushroom is found, you should carefully look nearby;
• instead of a bucket, it is recommended to take a basket to provide air access and avoid spoilage of mushrooms;
• mushrooms should be placed in a basket with caps down or sideways.

It is best to go for mushrooms in the early morning, while their freshness and density have not yet been lost after the night coolness. Fruit bodies are not fragile, but easily bendable, which facilitates their transportation.

Description of the taste and nutritional value of summer mushrooms

Fruits belong to the 4th category of taste qualities. Their soft and pleasant taste, as well as the delicate aroma of fresh wood, is valued in Russian cuisine. Universal mushrooms are used in the preparation of any dishes, because heat treatment does not affect nutritional properties. Legs are not recommended because of their rigidity.

Having studied the properties of honey mushrooms, experts came to the conclusion that this is not only delicious product but also beneficial to health.

How to distinguish summer mushrooms from false types of mushrooms

Among the representatives of the mushroom kingdom, there are inedible individuals similar to their edible relatives, not only in appearance, but also in places of growth. So that there is no poisonous specimen in the basket with summer mushrooms, it is important to know some differences:

• edible mushroom characterized by the presence of a ring (skirt) on the leg, formed from a protective film, which, as it grows older, the honey agaric comes off the hat, remaining on the leg;
• on the surface of the cap of natural representatives (except for old individuals) there are small scales painted in a darker palette than the cap;
• the color of the surface film in the caps of false specimens is much brighter and depends on the place where the fungus grows;
• the color of the plates in twins is slightly green, yellowish or dark olive, in summer mushrooms it is beige-cream or light yellow, depending on the age of the fungus;
• unlike the musty smell exuded by inedible species, real mushrooms have a pleasant aroma.

Given the signs of edible mushrooms, even a novice mushroom picker will be able to distinguish false specimens from forest mushrooms.

Where mushrooms grow (video)

Features of growing summer mushrooms at home

Honey mushrooms are natural product, which is cultivated in an artificial environment. There are several growing methods that do not require special preparation, using:

• logs;
• banks;
• package;
• greenhouse or open area.

For independent cultivation, only winter and summer are suitable. When using wood, it is important to adhere to the following rules:

1. The trunk should have a dense structure, but not rotten (birch, aspen, poplar) with a diameter of 15 cm or more;
2. Ensure sufficient humidity. If the material for growing mushrooms is dry, then a few days before sowing, it should be watered abundantly or lowered into water;
3. After sowing, bring the trunk into a cool room (not lower than 15 ° C);
4. As soon as the mycelium begins to grow intensively, the wood can be taken out to the site and dug a little with earth;
5. You can pick mushrooms after a couple of years, until the wood is completely destroyed;
6. To obtain mycelium, you can use fruits, wood pieces, or purchase mycelium in specialized stores. It is recommended to use a refrigerator for its storage.

If desired, breed mushrooms on personal plot usually use wood. At the same time, labor costs are very low. In addition, you can grow mushrooms on your own in a greenhouse or in a jar. In the case of using a greenhouse, the following technology is used:

• logs prepared in advance are stacked in the greenhouse;
• wood is infected with mycelium with the help of spores or mycelium;
• before the appearance of mushrooms, the wood is constantly moistened.

In addition to wood, you can use ready-made substrate blocks, or jars or bags. If desired, the blocks can be made independently from a mixture of sawdust, barley (oats) with chalk. It is necessary to take 200 g of sawdust, 70 g of cereals and a teaspoon of chalk. Then boil the sawdust in water for a third of an hour, drain the water and dry it. After that, add the rest of the ingredients, mix and place tightly in a container. This method is usually used for cultivation.

To grow summer mushrooms, territories with large area. Enough 15-20 square meters. m. Regardless of the chosen place, it is important to maintain temperature regime, changing from 20-25°C to 10-15°C. Keeping high level humidity, you can increase the rate of development of the mycelium. Mushrooms are not demanding for lighting, so in an open area it is better to choose a shady place so as not to overdry the wood.

How to cook mushrooms (video)

Due to the unpretentiousness of mushrooms and simple care, many mushroom pickers decide to grow them at home. Breeding technology is selected depending on living conditions and available funds. In addition, this type of mushroom is very tasty and can be stored for a long time without losing their properties.

autumn mushrooms- a friendly mushroom, cannot stand loneliness and always grows in large families, for which there is little space on the ground and they climb on the stumps and foots of trees.

October - the month of rains - is his favorite month, the weather is cloudy and already quite cold, the earth, sky, foliage, the whole world are saturated with water.

And here it's time for the rotten hemp to appear in small hats of mushrooms. strong and resilient with variegated specks and a pretty " skirt" under the hat they gradually fill the entire forest, grow, open their hats, prepare seeds. Honey mushrooms are not afraid of cold, they grow until the first frost, in warm year they can be picked even in November.

Search Autumn Mushrooms needed where there is a lot of old, dead wood, on stumps and fallen trees, in thickets alder, aspen.

Be sure that this mushroom will make you not only bow to Mother Earth, but also to crawl along it on all fours, cutting off the forest harvest.

Taste and smell these uncomplicated mushrooms exceed all expectations, they are great for twisting jars for the winter, and for frying, and for soup. But it’s problematic to dry them for the winter, they are like the rest autumn forest saturated with rain and morning dew, when you try to dry them, they often begin to mold.

Details:

Where does the Autumn honey agaric grow

They grow on both dead and living trees, but they especially like birch. Expanse for autumn mushrooms - old birch forests with dry birches, on which mushrooms grow at a height of up to 5 m and above, swampy birch forests with many lying trunks and stumps, birch clearings with stumps, swampy alder forests.

On coniferous trees, Autumn Mushrooms are less common.

What does the Autumn honey agaric look like

Autumn Cap gray-yellowish or dirty brown with thin brown scales that fade with age. The plates that have grown to the stem are white in a young honey agaric, then they turn brown-yellow.

Stalk of autumn honey agaric long, thin, thickened downwards, with a membranous whitish ring in the upper part.

Autumn spores white color

Honey agaric Autumn - collection time

Collected in September - October. The period of abundant growth is short, usually about two weeks, most often this occurs in the first half of September.

How to distinguish Autumn Mushrooms from false ones

False mushrooms include several types of mushrooms, very similar to edible mushrooms.

1. At the Autumn Mushroom on the leg film ring. And all the false ones have bare legs to the toes.

2. False honey agaric has a smooth hat, without “scales”

3. Hats false mushrooms are more brightly, loudly colored:

4. Records false mushrooms are yellow, greenish or olive-black. In Autumn Honey Mushroom, the plates are cream or yellowish-white.

(A - Autumn mushrooms. B, C - False mushrooms)

5. The smell of autumn mushrooms- a pleasant mushroom, false mushrooms emit an unpleasant earthy smell.

What is useful Honey agaric Autumn

Phosphorus and calcium in Autumn Honey mushrooms is almost the same as in fish. They also contain vitamin B2, C, E, PP, magnesium, sodium, potassium and iron.

Nutritional value: squirrels- 2.2 g, fats - 1.2 g, carbohydrates - 0.5 g

Opyat contains mass of anti-cancer substances.

How to store Autumn Mushrooms

Autumn mushrooms are salted, pickled, boiled and fried.

Cook mushrooms need 30-40 minutes. Undercooked mushrooms can cause indigestion

Autumn Honey mushrooms - interesting facts

Growing on stumps, can be the cause of a curious phenomenon - glowing stumps at night! It is not the stumps themselves that glow, not the rotting wood, but the mycelium mushroom, braiding the entire stump with a thin net.

Honey mushrooms are considered one of the varieties of edible mushrooms with plates. They are divided into autumn, summer and winter. It's hard to say for sure what time to collect hemp mushrooms. Autumn mushrooms complete mushroom season and are considered the most collected and common mushrooms. They begin to collect them from the end of August and bear fruit for two to three weeks. If the summer turned out to be dry, then this period may go unnoticed or go to more late time. And in the Northern Hemisphere, the second stage of fruiting often occurs, depending on weather conditions. There, these mushrooms can grow until mid-October.

Summer mushrooms begin to be collected in early June and end in October. Unlike the autumn one, it has a much smaller hat, it is yellowish-brown in color, lighter closer to the center. This mushroom belongs to the fourth category, which is most suitable for drying, soups and pickling.
Winter mushroom grows only on trees, in small groups. It appears in autumn and remains under the snow in winter. And with a fairly mild climate, honey agaric can be collected until March. It does not have a strong taste, it is mainly used in stews and first courses, as well as in pickled form.

How to distinguish a false honey agaric from a real one

Inedible mushrooms - this is a number of names of mushrooms, outwardly similar to edible mushrooms. They like to grow on the same parts of the forest as the real ones, on a tree that is littered, stumps and stem parts in small groups. Therefore, they are easily confused with false mushrooms. They are divided into three groups:

• inedible
• conditionally edible
• poisonous.

Therefore, you should not take risks and take a mushroom if you are not completely sure of its edibility. If there is even the slightest doubt that it is not false and can be used in cooking, it is best not to put it in the basket.

The first main point, by which it is easy to distinguish honey agarics from inedible ones, is the presence of a ring with a film, a kind of skirt, on a leg. Such a ring is a residual phenomenon from the bedspread, which plays the role of protection for the honey agaric at a young age. Inedible mushrooms do not have such a ring.

In addition, there are a number of other distinguishing features, false mushrooms:

1. Non-false mushrooms are tasty in smell, have a mushroom aroma, and inedible mushrooms he is nasty and earthy.
2. In edible mushrooms, the hats are most brightly and loudly colored, in contrast to the opposite ones. Shades can be sulfur yellow or pale red, depending on the species. For non-false mushrooms, the usual light brownish color is characteristic.
3. In edible mushrooms, the top has small scales, while the opposite has nothing on it, it is smooth to the touch. But this does not apply to the old non-false mushrooms, since they also have a smooth hat.
4. If we compare the wrong side of the mushroom caps, they also have color differences. The plates of inedible mushrooms are yellow, while the old ones are green or olive-black. And in real mushrooms, they are creamy or yellowish-white.
5. By palatability false mushrooms have a bitter taste, but you should not try mushrooms, all of the above signs are quite enough to determine the edibility of the mushroom.

How and where to collect mushrooms, milk mushrooms, mushrooms

For an experienced mushroom picker, the listed qualities will immediately be remembered, and in the future they will help to distinguish, but for a beginner it is better to apply knowledge carefully and carefully. Since they are theoretical, and each person considers color and smell in his own way. Only experience will help you choose the right mushroom. And for the first trips, one should start from the indicative moment in appearance- this is the presence of a skirt on legs. Now it becomes clear when to collect stump mushrooms and how to distinguish mushrooms by appearance. require special attention. Read our site website and you won't have any problems with them.