A mushroom that produces smoke. The raincoat is edible. Edible types of puffball

WOLF TOBACCO OR MUSHROOM RAINCOAT

Wolf tobacco or puffball mushroom is one of the most common mushrooms. Mycologists have calculated that about 60 species of raincoats grow on earth, of which about 20 species grow in our country. Among them are spherical (round), pear-shaped, spiny, sessile, bigheads, etc. The most common are round or pear-shaped puffballs and bigheads with a spherical head on a cylindrical stalk (the head and stalk make up a single fruiting body of the mushroom). The pulp at a young age is white, with a pleasant smell, quite elastic, and easily separated from the skin. The leg of the spherical and pear-shaped raincoat is not clearly expressed; it reaches a height of 5-12 cm with a thickness of 3-4 cm. Raincoats belong to category IV.

Wolf tobacco or puffball mushroom is one of the most common mushrooms.

As it ages, the pulp of the puffball darkens and turns into greenish-brown dust (spores), which easily scatters when exposed to wind or mechanical contact with the mushroom. IN autumn time a large raincoat can scatter up to several billion spores. Sometimes they are called "wolf tobacco", " grandfather's tobacco"or fluffs.

These strange mushrooms can also be eaten taste qualities no different from porcini mushroom, at the same time they are forest healers, and some of them are capable of being windsock mushrooms. Raincoats in the forest are like weather vanes for orientation in unfamiliar areas. On an ordinary day in the forest, without a compass, a lost mushroom picker or hunter can determine the direction with the help of a raincoat. Knowing the direction of the wind in a given area, even in the stillness of the forest air, shaking off the fruiting body of a dry raincoat, a person will accurately know the direction of the outwardly imperceptible wind. Interesting is the use of “smoking mushrooms”, or puffballs, by North American Indians and tribes of African spearmen when hunting. When approaching an animal - bison, rhinoceroses, lions - they, even in complete calm, were able to determine the inconspicuous draft of air by the behavior of the raincoat spores and approached the animal from the side where it could not feel the approach of the hunter. Ancient tribes of hunters used masses of spores of these mushrooms to blind the animal, which they then attacked.

Taxonomy:

• Division: Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes)
• Subdivision: Agaricomycotina (Agaricomycetes)
• Class: Agaricomycetes (Agaricomycetes)
• Subclass: Agaricomycetidae (Agaricomycetes)
• Order: Agaricales (Agaric or Lamellar)
• Family: Agaricaceae (Champignonaceae)
• Genus: Lycoperdon (Puffball)
• View: Lycoperdon perlatum (Edible puffball)

Other names for the mushroom:

Synonyms:

• Real raincoat

• Spiky raincoat

• Pearl raincoat

Usually actually raincoat They are called young dense mushrooms that have not yet formed a powdery mass of spores (“dust”). They are also called: bee sponge, hare potatoes, and a ripe mushroom - flutter, puffing, duster, grandfather's tobacco, wolf tobacco, tobacco mushroom, damn tavlinka and so on.

Fruit body:
The fruit body is pear-shaped or club-shaped. The fruit spherical part in diameter ranges from 20 to 50 mm. Lower cylindrical part, sterile, height from 20 to 60 mm and thickness from 12 to 22 mm. The young mushroom has a spiny-warty, white fruiting body. In mature mushrooms, it becomes brown, buffy and bare. In young fruiting bodies, the glebe is elastic and white. The puffball differs from cap mushrooms in its spherical fruiting body.

The fruit body is covered with a two-layer shell. The outside of the shell is smooth, the inside is leathery. The surface of the fruiting body of the true puffball is covered with small spines, which distinguishes the mushroom from the mushroom, which at a young age have the same white color as the mushroom itself. The spikes come off very easily with the slightest touch.

After the fruiting body dries and ripens, the white Gleba turns into an olive-brown spore powder. The powder comes out through a hole formed in the top of the spherical part of the mushroom.

Leg:
The edible puffball can be with or without a barely noticeable stem.

Pulp:
Young raincoats have a loose, white body. Young mushrooms are suitable for consumption. Mature mushrooms have a powdery body and brown color. Mushroom pickers call mature puffballs “damn tobacco.” Old Raincoats are not eaten.

Disputes:
warty, spherical, light olive-brown in color.

Spreading:
Edible puffball is found in coniferous and deciduous forests from June to November.

Edibility:
A little-known edible tasty mushroom. Raincoats and dust coversedible until they lose their whiteness. Young fruiting bodies, whose glebe is elastic and white, are eaten. It is best to fry this mushroom after cutting it into slices.

Similarity:
The edible puffball resembles in appearance, which has the same pear-shaped and club-shaped fruiting body. But, unlike a real raincoat, a hole does not form on its top, but the entire upper part disintegrates, after disintegration only the sterile leg remains. And all other signs are very similar, Gleba is also dense and white at first. With age, Gleba turns into a dark brown spore powder. Golovach is prepared in the same way as a raincoat.

Notes:
These mushrooms are familiar to everyone, but almost no one collects them. When you knock down the white balls, brown clouds of smoke rise up - the spores of these mushrooms fly away. This species was called raincoat because very often it grows after rains. Until the puffballs turn green inside, these are delicious mushrooms. Italians consider this species to be the most delicious of mushrooms. But when Gleba acquires a greenish color, the mushroom becomes wadded and tasteless, but not poisonous. Therefore, collected mushrooms cannot be stored for a long time; even when picked, they turn green very quickly.

Today we will introduce you to very interesting, useful, and also delicious mushroom, which is called a raincoat.

Description

Quite often, mushroom pickers call this mushroom differently. The most popular names are tobacco mushroom, dust mushroom or hare potato. This phenomenon is associated with various factors, which we will not go into details.

But it is important to know that this particular mushroom is characterized by increased activity in absorbing toxins from environment. In this component, it is several times superior to its “relatives”.

Belongs to the Champignon family, has a closed pear-shaped or rounded body. The leg is false. The skin grows tightly to the upper part of the plant, thereby creating inner pulp. When ripe, voids appear there - a kind of chamber. They collect a lot of spores in the form of powder. They may have different colors.

In a mature puffball, the peridium is quite thin, which causes it to rupture and allow the powder to fall out.

Appearance You can see the raincoat and where it grows in the video.

Kinds

The raincoat has quite a few subspecies, but among them there are several main ones.

Spiky

It can often be found in the forest and meadows. There is a characteristic tubercle on the mushroom cap in its upper part.

The name is due to the surface of the mushroom. She has White color and small spines that fall off easily.

Giant

Another type of raincoat distinctive feature which consists in size and ovoid or spherical shape. The mushroom may have a white or yellow-gray color.

Quite often, fallen shells collect on it, which makes the plant not very attractive. However, it can mature up to 7 kilograms.

Golovach

Oblong

It is somewhat reminiscent of the previous species, but its shape is club-shaped, the upper part is thickened, and the lower part is narrowed. This mushroom is sterile.

Where does it grow

Such a mushroom, in fact, has no specific geography or origin. He is well known in Russia. Raincoat can be found everywhere, but not everyone knows about its features and valuable medicinal properties.

However, there are references to this plant, according to which puffball has been used since ancient times, using its healing properties.

Storage method

Having collected mushrooms, they will retain beneficial features no more than two days.

So you need to put them in the refrigerator right away. To increase shelf life, place in freezer, but first cut the mushroom into slices.

The product can be stored in the freezer for up to 6 months. Only pickled raincoat or dried raincoat lasts longer - about a year.

If you need this mushroom from a medicinal point of view, then you need the powder from the ripe puffball. It should be stored in a glass container in a dry place out of direct sunlight.

Peculiarities

In fact, there are more than enough features and a raincoat. But I still want to highlight the most interesting points.

First of all, it serves as an excellent assistant for our health. Key Feature consists in the ability to absorb radionuclides, as well as heavy metal salts, and then quickly and easily, naturally remove these “nasties” from the body.

It is because of this that many dietary supplements are created based on raincoat. The authors of this drug are confident that it promotes healing, cleansing the body, as well as restoring the skin and giving it elasticity.

How to choose

When going for mushrooms, few mushroom pickers dare to bend down to pick off the raincoat. Quite often they are simply neglected. Moreover, many deliberately crush, kick and destroy it.

This is due to the fact that many people mistake it for being dangerous. poisonous mushroom. This is not true, and today we will talk about this in detail.

If you decide to pick mushrooms and your goal is a raincoat, then you need to know important rule. You cannot collect it if the weather is damp. Otherwise, your initially snow-white beauty will literally turn into a kind of dirty rag in just a couple of hours, which cannot be eaten.

Suitable for cooking are young “individuals” that are not soaked or boiled in order to remove harmful substances. They simply don't exist. So feel free to throw it in a frying pan, into the oven, dry it, salt it and eat it.

A young raincoat, suitable for food, has a rather non-standard edible mushrooms appearance - spherical body, white, with small scales on top. Its false leg, which can reach no more than 5 cm in length and 2 cm in diameter, may be absent.

When the mushroom ripens, a brown coating forms on the surface and it becomes smooth.

Choose exclusively young mushrooms, the flesh of which is elastic and dense. Don't be afraid to collect different types of puffballs, as each of them can be eaten.

An old mushroom is dangerous because it intensively absorbs toxins. It's best not to assemble it near highways, since the exhaust from cars is not the most pleasant thing to experience.

Nutritional value and calorie content

As you know, mushrooms are a very dietary product. And the raincoat was no exception. For 100 grams of this mushroom there is:

Chemical composition

In respect of chemical composition puffball is not inferior to many other mushrooms, and in some components even surpasses them. For example, it has more protein than our favorite champignons.

It is worth noting that the mushroom includes:

• Fats;
• Complex of vitamins;
• Useful micro- and macroelements;
• Polysaccharides;
• Mineral salts;
• Antibiotics, etc.

Useful and healing properties

This mushroom should be appreciated not only for its taste, but also for the benefits it carries.

• The pulp contains calvacin, which fights bacteria and fungi, has an anti-cancer effect, and reduces the activity of tumor development.
• Preparations made from spores remove heavy metals, radionuclides, and toxins from the body.
• The pulp can be used externally as well as internally. External use involves applying it to ulcers that appear due to skin cancer. For internal use, tinctures and decoctions are used. They relieve fever, inflammation, swelling in the throat, fight kidney problems, and help suppress the development of cancer.
• Spore-based products help with gastrointestinal problems, high blood pressure, blood viscosity, have an immunostrengthening effect.
• Spores also help stop bleeding, relieve pain, and heal festering lesions on the body.

In fact, there are incredibly many benefits from this mushroom, which is why mushroom pickers underestimate it in vain.

Contraindications

There are several nuances that relate to a raincoat and its use.

• Do not collect these mushrooms in places located in close proximity to polluted areas, factories, or highways. The raincoat actively absorbs toxins so you can go;
• During pregnancy and lactation, it is better to avoid mushrooms;
• If you have kidney problems, then this mushroom is not for you;
• Another condition under which a raincoat cannot be used is individual intolerance.

Application

In cooking

What else can you do with a mushroom other than eat it? After all, it’s tasty and healthy. Mushrooms can be an excellent substitute for meat and many other foods when on a diet.

How to cook

How to prepare raincoats:

• Pickle;
• Fry;
• Marinate;
• Bake;
• Put out;
• Boil and so on.

But first they need to be prepared. To do this, remove the skin from the white fruits. Cut the resulting pulp into pieces you like.

Fried mushrooms

After completing the previous manipulations, chopping the mushrooms, roll them in flour, add a little salt and fry in simple vegetable oil. A special sauce goes well with this dish.

To prepare the sauce, you need to finely chop the sweet pepper, add finely chopped capers, green onions, as well as pickled or pickled cucumbers. Mix all this with mayonnaise, add salt and juice to your taste fresh lemon. To add some spice, we recommend adding a little soy sauce.

Pour this sauce over your mushrooms, and your guests will be delighted with such a simple but incredibly tasty dish.

soup

If you're a fan of mushroom soups, then the raincoat will open up new horizons for you.

Take the prepared chicken broth, add sauteed carrots and onions to it. Mushrooms need to be cut into slices, although this is not essential. They are fried in a frying pan, thrown into the broth and cooked for literally 10 minutes.

The soup will be even tastier if you add fresh herbs and some canned peas. The result exceeds all expectations.

Raincoat under sour cream

This is a great stand-alone dish. But it is also very tasty to eat with boiled rice.

The following ingredients are needed:

• Mushrooms - 0.5 kg;
• Sour cream - 0.2 l;
• Potatoes - 0.3 kg;
• Onions - 2 pcs.

Plus you will need vegetable oil and seasonings to taste. The indicated amount of ingredients is enough for about four large servings.

Preparation is carried out as follows:

• Peel the potatoes, boil them by adding salt to the water;
• Peel the mushrooms, rinse thoroughly, cut as you like;
• Fry the mushrooms in a frying pan for 25 minutes;
• Peel and chop the onion, fry in a separate frying pan until golden brown;
• Place the onion in the mushrooms, add salt and pepper as desired. Mix everything and fry for 15 minutes;
• About 5 minutes before the mushrooms are ready, add sour cream. Mix the ingredients and let them simmer a little over low heat.

Well, now you can serve it to the table. These mushrooms are great for young potatoes or crumbly steamed rice. Choose for yourself which side dish you like best.

In medicine

Alas, mushroom pickers are not particularly aware of the true properties of the raincoat. But medical experts will confirm that eating raincoat is not just tasty, but also very healthy.

We have already talked about the positive and healing properties. Therefore, now we bring to your attention several recipes for medicinal tinctures and decoctions prepared on the basis of raincoats.

• Powders. They can be purchased at pharmacies. You need to consume 1 tsp, diluting with half a glass of water, once every day before bed. In case of severe poisoning - 1/2 tsp. 8 times during the day.

• Infusion. Take a dessert spoon of spore powder, pour 200 ml of water (it should not be boiling water, but about 70 degrees). You need to insist for 40 minutes in a porcelain bowl. Drink half a glass twice a day before meals.

• Tincture. The proportions of spores and vodka are 1 to 5. The mixture is infused for 2 weeks in a warm place protected from the sun. Drink 1 tsp three times a day before meals. The course lasts no more than 28 days, after which a week break is required.

• For cancer. Mix a glass of powder with 500 ml of vodka. Close the jar tightly, bury it in the ground, where it should stand for 24 days at a depth of 0.3 m. Then dig it up and strain (do not shake the jar). Use the product three times a day before meals. Serving - 1 tbsp. l.

• From purulent wounds. Treat the wound with peroxide, blot it with a medical bandage, and then sprinkle it with spores. Do not tie the wound, as pus will continue to leak out over the next few days. Remove it, disinfect it, and spray the spores again. Once the wound is clean, the healing process will begin. A similar procedure can be done 2-3 times during the day. Treat yourself until you get rid of the wound.

• From a runny nose. If you have a severe runny nose and simple remedies If they don’t help or they simply don’t exist, just inhale the spores from the raincoat 2-3 times a day. This will quickly relieve nasal congestion and eliminate an unpleasant runny nose.

Growing

As practice shows, their use gives positive results, although at their own summer cottage It is better to use the simplest method.

To do this you will need arguments. They need to be sown in moist soil. The site should resemble the conditions in which the raincoat grows. That is, the grass is not thick, there is a lot of shade from trees, fallen leaves.

If you have ever collected raincoats in the forests, then pay attention to what is different about the place where you found them. If you manage to repeat the same conditions, you will ensure yourself an impressive harvest.

The fruits will appear a year after sowing the spores. To ensure fruiting does not stop, periodically add spores to your chosen area. It's not difficult to get them, but you will have your own mushrooms every season.

Edible or not

Many mushroom pickers do not dare to say for sure whether the raincoat is edible or dangerous to humans. It is because of this that he is often crushed or passed by when going into the forest to pick mushrooms.

So, this is a 100% edible mushroom. However, it must be consumed when it is young, when the flesh is white. Before eating, be sure to remove the shell. The pulp inside is delicious, which we recommend checking for yourself. There are many ways to prepare it.

If you go mushroom picking and are afraid to make a mistake in choosing a raincoat, here are a couple of tips:

• The pulp should be exclusively white, without adding other shades.
• The pulp should have a dense, elastic structure. With age, it loses hardness, and determining this by touch will not be a problem.
• The inside of the mushroom should have a uniform consistency. To do this, you can deal to break it.
• The structure of the edible raincoat does not have a pronounced cap and stem.
• There should be no signs of developing spores inside.
• In order not to confuse the raincoat and the young fly agaric, cut the mushroom. Our hero does not have a long leg, cap or plates.

Wolfsbane or puffball mushroom is one of the most common mushrooms. Mycologists have calculated that about 60 species of raincoats grow on earth, of which about 20 species grow in our country. Among them are spherical (round), pear-shaped, spiny, sessile, bigheads, etc. The most common are round or pear-shaped puffballs and bigheads with a spherical head on a cylindrical stalk (the head and stalk make up a single fruiting body of the mushroom). The pulp at a young age is white, with a pleasant smell, quite elastic, and easily separated from the skin. The leg of the spherical and pear-shaped raincoat is not clearly expressed; it reaches a height of 5-12 cm with a thickness of 3-4 cm. Raincoats belong to category IV.

As it ages, the pulp of the puffball darkens and turns into greenish-brown dust (spores), which easily scatters when exposed to wind or mechanical contact with the mushroom. In autumn, a large raincoat can scatter up to several billion spores. They are sometimes called "wolf tobacco", "grandfather tobacco" or fluff.

These strange mushrooms can be eaten and do not differ in taste from porcini mushrooms; at the same time, they are forest healers, and some of them can be windsock mushrooms. Raincoats in the forest are like weather vanes for orientation in unfamiliar areas. On an ordinary day in the forest, without a compass, a lost mushroom picker or hunter can determine the direction with the help of a raincoat. Knowing the direction of the wind in a given area, even in the stillness of the forest air, shaking off the fruiting body of a dry raincoat, a person will accurately know the direction of the outwardly imperceptible wind. Interesting is the use of “smoking mushrooms”, or puffballs, by North American Indians and tribes of African spearmen when hunting. When approaching an animal - bison, rhinoceroses, lions - they, even in complete calm, were able to determine the inconspicuous draft of air by the behavior of the puffball spores and approached the animal from the side where it could not feel the approach of the hunter. Ancient tribes of hunters used masses of spores of these mushrooms to blind the animal, which they then attacked.

In ancient times, puffball spores were used as a hemostatic agent and were called magic powder. For this purpose, barbers kept the skins of puffballs in jars. In its dried form, raincoat was used for medicinal operations in veterinary medicine: it was used to sprinkle cut bloody veins and wounds, since it has “compressive and drying” powers. Russian literature indicates that it is enough to apply to the wound a white pulp from the pulp of a young kolobok or the inner shell of an old puffball when the “tobacco” has flown out of it, and the blood coagulates and the pain subsides. This hemostatic property of raincoats was previously widely used in partisan practice in the absence of other medicines.

Naturalists have determined that mature raincoats can be successfully used in gardening to control aphids and other pests of trees and shrubs. To do this, it is enough to set fire to the dark green filling of a ripe raincoat and fumigate the garden with acrid smoke. After a week, the procedure must be repeated.

Among raincoats there are many species that have a unique fruiting body shape. Thus, a bird’s nest with eggs resembles the fruiting body of Nidularia. The round, large fruiting body of the bighead resembles a soccer ball, with rays like those of a star - the fruiting body of earthen stars, and the shape of a pear - of the pear-shaped puffball. Some round-shaped puffballs are called hare potatoes. Often in meadows, fields, pastures, gardens, parks and forests, the flask raincoat grows, which received its nickname for its oblong fruiting body tapering downwards. In search of porcini mushrooms, mushroom pickers often avoid these edible mushrooms. It is no coincidence that A. Cheremnov mentions them in the lines of his poem:

“The distance is transparent. The air is fresh and clean,
But the pensive blue one is pale...
From the sleepy swamp all around
It smells of pine needles, dampness and rot.
A raincoat touched by a boot
It gives off dry, green dust.”

This mushroom is found from May to late autumn in clearings, meadows, along roads, in squares and lawns, and settles on various soils and even on rotten wood. Appears after warm rains. It grows very quickly, “by leaps and bounds.” Amateur mushroom pickers noticed that giant raincoats gained up to 5 cm in diameter per day. And usually they are up to 20 cm in diameter and weigh 300-400 g.

In 1977, a raincoat weighing 11 kg 150 g was demonstrated at the Estonian Museum of Nature, the diameter of its fruiting body was 188 cm. A raincoat, found in the same year in the vicinity of the city of Frunze, reached a circumference of almost 1.5 m with a mass of 11.6 kg. In 1967, a raincoat weighing 12.5 kg with a diameter of 63 cm was found in the Moscow region, and in 1984 on the bank of the Setunka River - with a diameter of 160 cm and weighing 7.3 kg. Some mushroom pickers found families of giant puffballs. For example, in 1988, a group of 8 raincoats was found near Kemerovo total mass about 2 pounds, and in 1984 near Narva and in 1989 in Tataria - groups of 6 mushrooms, among which the largest reached 4 kg.

When dried, rainflowers do not lose their whiteness, are stored well in dense plastic containers, and are easily ground into powder, so they can be successfully used for preparing broths and sauces. In winter, this inconspicuous-looking mushroom can compete even with boletus mushrooms with its gastronomic qualities.

When collecting, it is necessary to keep in mind that more or less spherical mushrooms from the genus of false puffballs are also similar to puffballs. True, at a young age, the latter are characterized by a very dense crust-like shell, and not a thin-film or soft-crust shell, like that of raincoats. Thus, it is very easy to distinguish them, and this must be done, since false puffballs are suspected of causing, albeit minor, poisoning.

In a number of countries Western Europe puffballs are considered a delicacy and are compared to champignons. Italians consider young raincoats to be one of the most best mushrooms. When picking mushrooms in the forest, do not pass by unfairly neglected, but very attractive and tasty mushrooms.