A club from a container. Missile system "Club-K" in a sea container Dozens of dead doctors in Italy

Container complex missile weapons Club-K.

Russian missile system Club-K not only allows missiles to be launched from any ship, truck or railway platform, but also makes these launches invisible, as it is disguised as a standard cargo container. Pentagon experts seriously fear that the new Russian weapons could completely change the global military balance.

The Club-K missile system, which The Daily Telegraph writes about, was presented by the Russian Novator Design Bureau at the Asian Defense Systems Exhibition, held from April 19 to 22 in Malaysia. The system is equipped with four cruise sea or land-based ballistic missiles. The complex looks like a standard 12-meter cargo container used for shipping. Thanks to this camouflage, it is almost impossible to notice Club-K until it is activated. Russian developers call the missile system “affordable weapons” strategic purpose", each container costs about $15 million.

As the British publication notes, the Club-K container missile system is causing real panic among Western military experts, as it can completely change the rules of engagement modern warfare. The compact container can be mounted on ships, trucks or railway platforms, and due to the excellent camouflage of the missile system, the enemy will have to conduct much more thorough reconnaissance when planning an attack.

Pentagon experts are concerned that Russia is openly offering Club-K to anyone under threat of attack from the United States. If the missile system enters service with Venezuela or Iran, this, according to American analysts, could destabilize the situation in the world. Previously, the United States had already expressed considerable concern when Russia was going to sell Iran the S-300 medium-range anti-aircraft missile systems, which could repel a potential missile strike on the country's nuclear facilities from the United States and Israel.

“This system makes it possible to spread ballistic missiles on a scale we have never seen before,” Pentagon defense consultant Ruben Johnson assesses Club-K’s potential. - Thanks to careful camouflage, you can no longer easily determine that an object is being used as launcher. First, a harmless cargo ship appears off your coast, and the next minute your military installations are already destroyed by explosions.”

The first main element of the system is the universal Alpha missile, which was demonstrated in 1993 (10 years after the start of its development) at the arms exhibition in Abu Dhabi and at the MAKS-93 international aerospace show in Zhukovsky. In the same year it was put into service.

According to the Western classification, the rocket received the designation SS-N-27 Sizzler (“hissing”, for the characteristic hissing sound at launch). In Russia and abroad it was designated as Club, “Biryuza” and “Alpha” (Alpha or Alfa). However, these are all export names - the domestic military knows this system under the code "Caliber". "Caliber", naturally, has some differences from the export version - but we will talk about them later.

First foreign customer missile system Club became India. Surface- and underwater-based missile systems are installed on Project 11356 frigates (Talwar type) and diesel submarines Indian Navy project 877EKM, built by Russian enterprises. On previously purchased submarines, Club is installed during repair and modernization work. According to media reports, ZM-54E and ZM-54TE missiles are installed on Indian submarines and frigates, respectively. The Club missile system is also supplied to China, and agreements have been reached on supplies to several other countries.

But so far we have been talking about sea-based systems - for surface ships and submarines. Now the Novator Design Bureau has taken a revolutionary step - it has placed ship-borne missiles in a standard container and achieved their autonomous launch. And this radically changes the tactics and strategy of using missiles.

Iran and Venezuela have already expressed their interest in purchasing the new product, reports the Sunday Telegraph.

At the same time, Club-K rockets are not formally subject to any restrictions. Their flight range is up to 250-300 km, and they are not even ballistic, but winged. The Americans themselves once removed cruise missiles from the agreements limiting the export of missile technology - and now they are reaping the benefits.

Why did Club-K scare Pentagon military experts? In principle, in combat and technological terms there is nothing super new there - the complex “shoots” subsonic cruise missiles of various modifications (even the 3M54E missile is subsonic - only the last 20-30 km its strike part passes at 3M supersonic speed in order to effectively overcome powerful air defense and create a large kinetic impact on a large target). The system allows you to hit sea and ground targets at a distance of 200-300 kilometers from the launch point, including aircraft carriers - but it is not Wunderwaffe in itself.

The main thing here is different - the entire complex is designed in the form of a standard 40-foot sea container. This means that it becomes virtually invisible to all types of air and technical intelligence. This is the whole point of the idea.

The container may be on board a merchant ship. On the railway platform. It can be loaded onto a semi-trailer and delivered as normal cargo to the area of ​​application by a regular truck. Truly, how can one not remember the railway launchers of ballistic missiles from the times of the USSR! However, if the destruction of “refrigerated trucks” can be explained by the needs of monitoring the launches of ballistic missiles, then here you won’t be able to ride a crooked goat. Cruise missiles are “a means of coastal defense” - and that’s it!

It goes without saying that during an attack, air defense systems are first suppressed, and then the coastal defenses are blown to smithereens. But there is nothing to destroy here - hundreds, or even thousands and even tens of thousands of false targets (ordinary containers, which someone aptly called “red blood cells of world trade”) simply will not allow any fluff or dust to be allowed.

This will force aircraft carriers to stay away from the shore, thereby limiting the range of aircraft from them - this time. If it comes to landing, then some of the containers can “open” and send landing ships to the bottom - that’s two. But to hell with them, with the ships - but there is also a landing party, the main striking force and equipment, the losses of which are operationally irreplaceable.

And thirdly, this allows you to keep more serious weapons and reserves closer to the coast. After all, we have driven away the aircraft carriers, and their ability to influence the shore is greatly reduced.

Of course, it would be nice to hide coastal air defense systems in containers like this. Then for sure - the sea borders will be locked. And of course - trade, trade and trade these systems again. After all, no one is forbidden to defend themselves.

By the way, one of the options for this installation is an anti-ship missile 3M54E , the last stage of which is separated during the final stage of flight and can accelerate to supersonic speed corresponding to Mach number 3.

« This is an aircraft carrier killer,” said Hewson from Jane’s magazine. “If you get hit by just one or two of these missiles, the kinetic impact will be very powerful... it’s terrible.”

Russia is now the largest arms exporter in the world. Last year, Russia was able to sell a record amount of weapons worth $8.5 billion - including to countries such as Syria, Venezuela, Algeria and China. The order book is valued at more than $40 billion.

Now let’s put the hysteria aside and figure it out - is Club-K really as scary as it’s portrayed to be?

It must be said that the Club family now consists of 5 missiles of various purposes, ranges and powers. The most powerful of them is the winged anti-ship 3M54E, created on the basis of the Granat missile, designed specifically for attacks on aircraft carriers. Its flight takes place at a speed of Mach 0.8 (0.8 the speed of sound). When approaching the target, it is separated from the main engine and accelerates to Mach 3 - over 1 km/s - at a flight altitude of 5-10 m. The high-penetrating warhead contains 400 kg of explosive. The missile's range is 300 km.

However, such characteristics are unlikely to allow one to sink an aircraft carrier with one hit (although, of course, they can damage it and disrupt normal functioning). And in no case do these performance characteristics make the Club-K a strategic missile weapon.

The Club-S (for submarines) and Club-N (for surface ships) missile systems have been offered for export since the 1990s. They were originally intended to combat enemy submarines. It was a breakthrough product on the arms market. The 91RE1 anti-submarine guided missile is launched from a 533-mm torpedo tube. Passing the underwater section, getting into the air and gaining altitude are carried out using a solid propellant engine.

Then the launch stage is separated, the second stage engine is turned on, and the rocket continues its controlled flight to the design point. There the warhead is separated, which is a high-speed MPT-1UME anti-submarine torpedo or an APR-3ME underwater missile with a hydroacoustic target guidance system. She finds the enemy submarine on her own.

Later the complex received anti-ship missiles- including the mentioned 3M54E.

The Club-S complexes are used to arm diesel-electric submarines of project 636 “Varshavyanka” intended for export. In particular, purchased for the Indian and Chinese navies. The same complexes will be armed with the six Varshavyankas ordered by Vietnam and two for Algeria. The Club-N anti-ship complex, adapted for surface ships, is being installed on Talwar-class frigates being built for the Indian Navy.

At the II International military exhibition and the DIMDEX-2010 conference, held on March 29-31 in Doha (Qatar), the Russian exposition presented data on new systems of the Club missile family. This coastal missile system Club-M, a modular missile weapon system Club-U and missile weapons container complex Club-K. Club complexes have a second name - “ Turquoise"and are intended exclusively for export. Their domestic Russian prototypes are called “ Caliber».

However, the first display of the Club-K container took place a year earlier at the LIMA 2009 aerospace and marine exhibition on the island of Langkawi in Malaysia. Then the world media did not pay attention to the complex, although he became a real sensation at that exhibition.

It should be noted that in publications Western media a number of significant technical factors are bypassed. For example, Club-K is positioned by its manufacturer - JSC Concern Morinformsystem-Agat - as a universal launch module that houses a lifting launcher for four missiles.

But to bring him to combat status and launch missiles, two more of the same 40-foot containers are required, which contain the Module combat control and Energy supply and life support module. These two modules provide routine maintenance and routine checks of the missiles; receiving target designation and firing commands via satellite; calculation of initial shooting data; conducting pre-launch preparations; development of flight missions and launch of cruise missiles.

It is clear that this requires trained combat crews, centralized command post, satellite navigation and communications. This is unlikely to be available to terrorists, even if they are from Hezbollah. They do not have their own satellites; Club-K, naturally, is tied to the Russian space constellation and corresponding control.

The real purpose of the container complex is arming mobilized civilian courts during a threatened period. In the event of possible aggression, a coastal state can quickly receive a small fleet designed to combat a naval strike group of a potential enemy. The same containers located on the coast will protect it from approaching landing craft. Containers are easy to maneuver when there are roads.

In principle, placed on automobile and railway platforms, they turn into mobile anti-ship systems, guaranteed to stop the enemy at a distance of 150-200 km from the coast. That is, it is very effective weapon defense At the same time, it is very cheap - about 15 million dollars for a basic complex (three containers, 4 missiles). This is an order of magnitude lower than the cost of a frigate or corvette, which are usually used for coastal defense.

Club is capable of replacing the fleet and naval aviation. For poor countries with a long coastline, this is a serious alternative to purchasing expensive equipment, which is usually purchased in Western European countries. Spanish frigates, German submarines, French missile systems, Italian helicopters and other weapons, components for which are manufactured in a dozen countries, may lose a significant sector of the market.

When even such a reputable buyer as United began to take a closer look at Russian universal containers United Arab Emirates, the London media went off like a siren.

This is where the dog has rummaged, comrades. Loot, just loot.

Let's take a closer look at the complex's missiles. Let's start with 3M14E (subsonic missile, relatively simple and cheap - suitable for hitting transport ships and ground targets):

The ZM-14E cruise missile in its design and tactical and technical data is almost no different from the ZM-54E1 missile. The difference is that the ZM-14E missile is designed to destroy ground targets and has a slightly different control system. In particular, its control system includes a bar altimeter, which ensures greater secrecy of flight over land by accurately maintaining altitude in terrain-following mode, as well as a satellite navigation system, which contributes to high guidance accuracy.

These are anti-submarine torpedo missiles 91RE1 And 91RE2:

And this is the one 3M54E, “aircraft carrier killer” - a surface and underwater launch option is shown:

The ZM54E and ZM54E1 anti-ship cruise missiles have a similar basic configuration. They are made according to a normal winged aerodynamic design with a drop-down trapezoidal wing.

The main difference between these rockets is the number of stages. The ZM-54E rocket has three stages: a solid-fuel launch stage, a sustainer stage with a liquid jet engine, and a third solid-fuel stage. The ZM-54E missile can be launched from the universal vertical or inclined launchers ZS-14NE of a surface ship or a standard 533 mm torpedo tube of a submarine.

The launch is provided by the first solid propellant stage. After gaining altitude and speed, the first stage separates, the ventral air intake extends, the second stage sustainer turbojet engine starts, and the wing opens. The missile's flight altitude is reduced to 20 m above sea level, and the missile flies to the target according to target designation data entered into the memory of its on-board control system before launch.

During the cruise phase, the missile has a subsonic flight speed of 180-240 m/s and, accordingly, a greater range. Target guidance is provided by an onboard inertial navigation system. At a distance of 30-40 km from the target, the missile makes a “slide” with the activation of the ARGS-54E active radar homing head, created by the St. Petersburg company Radar-MMS. ARGS-54E detects and selects surface targets (selects the most important) at a distance of up to 65 km. The missile is aimed in a sector of angles in azimuth -45°, and in the vertical plane in a sector from -20° to +10°. The weight of the ARGS-54E without body and fairing is no more than 40 kg, and the length is 700 mm.

After detecting and capturing the target by the homing head of the ZM-54E missile, the second subsonic stage separates and the third solid-fuel stage begins to operate, developing a supersonic speed of up to 1000 m/s. During the final 20 km flight segment, the rocket descends to a height of up to 10 m above the water.

At supersonic speed of a missile flying over the crests of waves in the final section, the probability of intercepting the missile is low. Nevertheless, to completely eliminate the possibility of the ZM-54E missile being intercepted by the target’s air defense systems, the on-board missile control system can select the optimal route to reach the attacked ship. In addition, when attacking large surface targets, several missiles can be launched in salvo, which will approach the target from different directions.

The missile's subsonic cruising speed allows for minimal fuel consumption per kilometer of travel, and supersonic speed should ensure low vulnerability from anti-aircraft weapons close-range self-defense of an enemy ship.

Main difference cruise missile ZM-54E1 from the ZM-54E rocket - lack of a third solid fuel stage. Thus, the ZM-54E1 missile has only a subsonic flight mode. Rocket ZM-54E1 almost 2 meters shorter than ZM-54E. This was done in order to be able to place it on small displacement ships and submarines that have shortened torpedo tubes manufactured in NATO countries. But the ZM-54E1 rocket has almost twice as much combat unit than ZM-54E. The flight of the ZM-54E1 rocket is the same as that of the ZM-54E, but without acceleration at the final stage.

And finally, the most secret of the products - 3M51:

Next to him - 3M54E for comparison.

It is clearly seen that the 3M51 can no longer be launched from 533-mm tube installations (and especially from torpedo tubes). It was originally developed for use from aircraft - however, there is an opinion that ground launch is also possible.

Club type missile system / Photo: bastion-karpenko.ru

According to the magazine "Jane's Missiles & Rockets" in the article James Bingham "Novator reveals new Club system, missile and range details", at the international defense and space exhibition Gulf Defense & Aerospace, held in Kuwait in December 2017, the Russian (Ekaterinburg; part of) for the first time presented a new ground-based mobile version of its Club missile system (export version of the Caliber complex), designated Club-T.

Model of a self-propelled launcher of the Club-T missile system with six 3M14E1 cruise missiles developed by JSC Novator Experimental Design Bureau named after L.V. Lyulev" at the Gulf Defense & Aerospace exhibition in Kuwait, December 2017 / Photo: James Bingham / Jane's

In contrast to the similar ground mobile complex Club-M, first demonstrated at the MAKS-2007 air show (equipped with anti-ship missiles of the 3M54KE and 3M54KE1 types and cruise missiles 3M14KE), the Club-T complex in its current version is intended only for the use of modified cruise missiles to destroy ground targets 3M14E1 . Accordingly, target designation equipment with the corresponding vehicle was removed from the complex, and only autonomous self-propelled launchers on the MZKT-7930 chassis with an 8x8 wheel arrangement were left, each of which accommodates six transport and launch containers with 3M14E1 cruise missiles.

How exactly the 3M14E1 version of the cruise missile differs from the previously demonstrated 3M14E/KE missile is not disclosed. Although the Novator OKB officially declares the flight range of the 3M14E1 missile to be 275 km, the head of the Novator external relations department, Mikhail Pakhomov, confirmed at an exhibition in Kuwait that the range could be increased to more than 300 km, which would go beyond the limits of the Missile Control Regime technologies (MTCR). The mass of the missile warhead, in accordance with the MTCR limits, is declared at 450 kg.

It is reported that the launch of cruise missiles from the Club-T launcher can be carried out within 15 minutes from the moment of deployment, the missiles are launched at intervals of 5-10 seconds.

Pakhomov said that they are close to completing work on integrating the 3M54E and 3M54E1 anti-ship missiles into the Club-T complex (as you can understand, their use is assumed based on external target designation data).

Also OKB "Novator" at the exhibition in Kuwait presented materials on new version sea-based cruise missile 3M14E, designated 3M14TLE and intended for underwater launch from vertical submarine launchers (Club-S complex).

A resuscitator from Italy described the dynamics of coronavirus: "I'm afraid"
It turned out that COVID-19 lives on hard surfaces for up to 9 days

Italy still ranks first in the number of deaths from coronavirus in Europe. The number of victims exceeded 10 thousand. The number of infected people is approaching 100 thousand. And the peak of the epidemic has not yet passed. Anesthesiologist-resuscitator Irina Shlychkova works in the suburbs of Bologna. Irina gave us new data about the coronavirus, told us about what was happening and about her fear.

Irina Shlychkova has been living and working in Italy for more than twenty years. Recently, a woman posted a poignant video on social media about the need to self-isolate.

Now many have begun to wear hard respirator masks. But they are needed only by doctors who work directly with patients. A person who has never worn it will simply not be able to breathe normally in it. We put it on when we are in direct contact with a patient - we intubate him or transport him in an ambulance. If you have a regular mask, wear it. But remember, a mask is not a panacea; it will not save you from the virus.

- We don’t have any masks in our pharmacies.

In Italy there was approximately the same situation. True, masks have now begun to appear.

- Why is there a shortage of masks all over the world?

There has never been a stir around these masks, who used them in such quantities? And now, when the entire population of the planet is trying to equip them, naturally, they have disappeared.

I'm not against masks, don't get me wrong. For clarity, I will explain. You sneezed and a “cloud” formed around you. The logical thing to do is to move away and wait for it to dissipate.

But the latest data on coronavirus made by Singaporean and Japanese experts is important here. Scientists conducted studies on 22 patients who were in the wards. We took an air intake before and after cleaning the room. We are convinced that the virus does not fly.

It settles on the toilet, sink, door handles, metal surfaces, but it is not in the air. In those infectious disease boxes where patients are examined, there is an exhaust hood. So, the virus settles only on the filter of this hood. But don’t be afraid that the virus is indestructible. The virus has a protein shell, it is easily destroyed by chlorine, 60 percent alcohol and a 0.5 percent solution of hydrogen peroxide - this is the latest data on the substances that destroy it. Before this they said that the virus could be killed with 30% alcohol - this is not true.

- That is, everything at home needs to be treated with chlorine, alcohol and peroxide?

Everything is easier at home. After going outside, it is important to wash your hands with soap. But when you open the tap, you can leave the virus on the tap. Therefore, it is better to close it with your elbow or wash off the virus from the tap with plain water. The virus is heavy, it will go away with the water, you don’t even have to kill it by special means. Wash off the virus from the tap, then wipe the inlet handles with disinfectants to kill the virus rather than smear it with a cloth.

- Indeed, the virus lives on surfaces from 3 to 5 days.

Now there is a different opinion - the virus lives up to 9 days on hard surfaces: metal, ground, asphalt. When you return from the street, there is a high probability that you will bring the virus on your shoes. Therefore, it is better to leave your shoes outside the door. I don’t have such an opportunity, I immediately put my shoes in the closet - the virus is serious, it won’t fly anywhere from my shoes. No need to wash or clean your shoes, just put your shoes away and close them. Let the virus remain there, after a while it will die on its own.

- There is no cure for the virus. What drugs are currently used in your hospital?

I will not announce the names of the drugs so that people don’t rush to pharmacies to buy drugs. I can only say that through trial and error, Italian doctors decided that the medicine for malaria and rheumatoid arthritis helps improve the condition of patients (some experts claim that the effectiveness of these drugs has not been proven - “MK”). In our hospital, patients are treated with these drugs. But even they do not kill viruses; the drugs have a different focus. They do not act directly on coronavirus; for example, they only reduce the destructive effect on lung tissue.

When the virus enters the lungs, an inflammatory response is triggered that must be blocked. In severe cases of the disease, the person is connected to a breathing apparatus to wait for the period when the body itself produces antibodies and fights the virus. It will happen, you will get through it if you don’t have any side diseases.

Quarantine is introduced to reduce the wave of morbidity and spread it out over time. It is important to allow hospitals to prepare to help everyone in need. In Italy we lost time. It is now said that in the north of the country there are not enough sedatives in hospitals to ease the suffering of people before death.

How do you psychologically work in conditions where you have to choose who is connected to a ventilator and who is not?

In ours, there is a kind of regulation that the doctor himself decides who is connected to the device and who is not. The choice remains on the conscience of the doctors. I don't like that I have to decide who to save. After all, I took the Hippocratic oath that I was obliged to save everyone. But in conditions of mass disaster, the law of medicine comes into play: those who have a better chance of surviving are saved. We didn’t come up with this, these are old rules that exist in medicine. For me, this choice is the worst thing.

- Aren't you afraid of infecting your loved ones?

I'm still so afraid. I’m sitting in my apartment now, and I’m overcome with the same panic as everyone else. When I come home, I immediately put on a mask. I sit at the table wearing a mask. My place is now at the end of the table, the others are sitting at the other end.

I have two children, a husband and a mother-in-law. All of them have been sitting at home for four weeks. My mother-in-law is 93 years old, we moved her into a separate room, she doesn’t leave there. Her husband brings her food, she has her own TV.

Surprisingly, I also became a bit of a psychopath. For example, I recently transported a patient, and today I felt “sand” appearing in my mouth, my throat was “scraping”, and it was hard to breathe. I frantically remember that more than 10 days have passed since that moment, the incubation period is over, which means I’m unlikely to be sick. Do you understand?

Psychologically, all this is unbearable. Especially when the situation around is tense. After all, I myself try to calm people down, but it turns out that I behave like a psychopath. I understand in my mind that viruses have always existed and will remain. But how can we protect ourselves, what to offer? Wash your hands and disinfect the premises with bleach. Where are we back? Where are all the advances in medicine? It turns out that nothing has been achieved in the field of health care if nothing has changed in the fight against viruses.

- Is it true that older people no longer go to the hospital for help, they understand that they won’t be saved?

I saw footage of pensioners lying in wards, no one was allowed to see them, they were dying alone. Imagine - old people are lying there, and the only thing they can do is knock on the bed with their hands, calling someone to them. Here they lie and bang their fists.

I work near Bologna. It's calm in the hospital. During my last duty, only 4 calls were received in 24 hours, three of which were related to coronavirus. People don’t go to the hospital; they prefer to get sick at home. Because they are afraid, because now the main sources of the spread of the virus are health workers.

When there is such an influx of patients, we also get sick. They don't do tests for us. If I have no symptoms, I go to work, although I may be in incubation period. Unfortunately, even in Italy, a wealthy European country, there are not enough tests for everyone. They are going to introduce them, but there is no physical opportunity to check all doctors. Although, in my opinion, health workers need to be checked every three days so that doctors know that they are going to work with clear conscience, they won’t infect anyone.

- There are dozens of dead doctors in Italy.

More than forty doctors have died - this is official statistics. Most of the people who die are local doctors, as they are called in Russia. One death was recorded in our city. A doctor came to the home of a patient with coronavirus to look at his throat.

In Bologna the situation is not as critical as in Bergamo. Why were some cities able to contain the epidemic, while others were not?

The epidemic that began in the north gave us time to prepare. We have designated hospitals for coronavirus and opened departments. Interesting fact that the most prepared hospitals were not modern ones, but those old infectious diseases clinics that had already been closed. They were built differently; the boxes had a special hood to prevent the virus from flying anywhere.

Then, when building hospitals, they deviated from the previous rules, because no one thought that the world would be covered by an epidemic. By a lucky coincidence, in Bologna they had not yet managed to destroy the old infectious diseases hospital. It was restored literally in 10 days.

- Are there enough ventilators in your hospital?

Enough for now. Do you know why Italy was left without masks and devices? Because we simply don’t produce them; masks were supplied from China and India. We ordered the devices from Germany. We were left with nothing when supplies were suspended. Now Armani has started producing protective gowns, Ferrari has stopped building cars and is making breathing apparatus, albeit primitive ones. In Bologna, a professor and resuscitation doctor invented a “fork” so that two people could be connected to one ventilator.

- I heard that if a patient is on a ventilator, then he needs a long recovery...

Breathe-helping machine - a complex system. When we ourselves breathe, we use our muscles to expand the diaphragm and suck the air into ourselves. When the patient is connected to the device, everything happens the other way around: the muscles are tightened, air is blown into the person, and enormous pressure is created inside. chest.

When a person is on a ventilator for 15 days, his heart works hard, some patients leave the procedure deeply disabled. If a young person can cope with the workload, what will happen to the elderly? Recently, an Italian university published its research on this matter. Experts said that 94 percent of people who were connected to a ventilator were treated safely, recovered, but their lungs looked like “broken glass,” as the term goes. Patients developed pulmonary fibrosis (the process of formation of scar tissue in the lungs, which leads to respiratory dysfunction - Author). At least 20 percent of a normal lung is lost. It's a lot.

I'm afraid for my child. My daughter has congenital fibrosis of the lung, God forbid she gives her child this virus.

- Are people on a ventilator for 15 days?

On average 15 days or more. They are connected to a ventilator as a last resort. First, non-invasive respiratory support is carried out: a helmet is put on the head, in which high pressure oxygen is supplied. Horrible procedure. The man's head is covered in this helmet. Doctors who survived this procedure shared how difficult it was for them, they begged their colleagues to give them anesthesia.

Every day at 18.00 data on deaths in Italy is updated. It looks like a piece of paper from the front: so many people died in battle today. In our small hospital, I repeat, the situation is more or less calm. Therefore, on Wednesday I am sent to another place where there are not enough doctors.

-Are you scared to go there?

Scary. But when I see a patient, fear turns off. A few days ago, as I mentioned, I was transporting a 53-year-old patient to the hospital. An ordinary paramedic could not transport him, the patient’s condition turned out to be serious, and he had to be intubated. All my fear disappeared when I saw that the man was trying to breathe and could not. There was only one thought left in my head - how to help him...

We correspond with colleagues in chat rooms. Doctors said that patients feel the approach of death, everyone asks the doctors for one thing: “Let me say goodbye to my loved ones, I don’t have much left.” Doctors call from their phones, turn on video calls and give the patient the opportunity to talk to family before intubating him. No one knows whether a person will survive after intubation or not.

- Can you give a forecast for Italy when the epidemic will decline?

A few days ago it seemed to us that a turning point had come, the death curve was going down. And two days later she got up again. We focus on China. Their epidemic began in December and has not yet completely gone away. I think we will spend our summer holidays in isolation. We are preparing for this.

- In your opinion, are the Chinese cool for overcoming the epidemic?

My mistake is that I did not follow China. It seemed so far away until the roast rooster pecked us. But I saw how they wash their streets; nothing like this is done in Italy.

I live in small town, population 18 thousand. And we don’t have an epidemic like in Bergamo and Milan. There is an explanation for this - when people started dying in the north, ours holed up at home and haven’t gone anywhere for four weeks. Fear turned out to be stronger than desire take a walk. Thus, we avoided an outbreak. That’s why I yell at every corner: “Don’t leave home, learn from the mistakes of others.”

The cause of the terrible epidemic in Bergamo was Soccer game On February 17, held in Milan, half the stadium was filled with fans from Bergamo, half from Milan. Here are two hearths. Then other outbreaks began to appear throughout Italy. I wondered how they arise. I'll tell you with an example.

When Codogno, Bergamo and Milan were closed, in other cities people continued to work, bars closed only after 18.00. And suddenly, in one small city, which at that time was not a “red zone,” an outbreak occurred. It turned out that 19 old people gathered in a restaurant to play a game like dominoes. During the game, they spat everything on their fingers, then took a chip. All 19 people went to the hospital on the same day with characteristic symptoms.

- Is there a chance for the regions to be saved?

If relatives from big cities stop coming to remote villages and provinces and leave people to live on their own bread and milk, then the epidemic can be avoided and the villages can be saved. But it seems to me that this is a utopia.

- Does the state support you?

Doctors were offered to pay 100 euros in March. The doctors refused, considering it a “bonus” for spitting. I haven't heard of any other bonuses. My husband had his own restaurant and bar. He earned 2500-3000 euros per month. They promised to pay an allowance of 600 euros. Silence for now. Our taxes were not withdrawn, our house was bought on credit, and payments were not canceled either. Italy has been brought to its knees, and it will take us a long time to rise.

The so-called throw tests of the Kh-35UE missile, fired from launchers located in a standard cargo container of the Club-K complex, were successfully completed. The launch took place on August 22 at one of the specialized test sites.

The X-35 anti-ship missile is distinguished by its stealth and flight to the target at an altitude of no more than fifteen meters, and at the final part of the trajectory - four meters. The combined homing system and powerful warhead allow one missile to destroy a warship with a displacement of 5,000 tons.

Roll tests are the first stage of testing any missiles. It becomes clear whether the launch preparation algorithms have been developed correctly, how the product itself reacts to given commands, and in general whether the missile is capable of leaving the launcher without any problems.

Unfortunately, we have developed a strange practice. Tanks, missiles, airplanes are still in the drawings, but it is already stated that they will definitely be put into service with a specific date indicated. All dates pass, years fly by, but the promised miracle weapon is still not there. So the belated message about the successful launch of a rocket from the Club-K container gives hope that the work is going on schedule and in the right direction. That is, there was a thorough check of the results obtained, and only after that the success was publicly announced.

For the first time, a prototype of this missile system was shown at a military-technical salon in Malaysia in 2009. He immediately created a sensation. The fact is that Club-K is a standard 20- and 40-foot cargo containers that are transported on ships, by rail or by trailers. Inside the containers there are command posts and launchers with multi-purpose missiles such as Kh-35UE, 3M-54E and 3M-14E, capable of hitting both surface and ground targets.

Any container ship carrying a Club-K is essentially a missile carrier with a devastating salvo. And any train with such containers or a convoy of heavy-duty container carriers are powerful missile units capable of appearing where the enemy is not waiting.

Nothing like this has been developed either in the USA or in Western Europe. At first, adherents of world order were even indignant, expressing concern that such containers with missile surprises could fall into the hands of terrorists, which is unacceptable. Later, however, they calmed down, which is natural - Russia does not trade weapons with terrorists.

But allegations have emerged that the developers of the original missile system are simply bluffing, trying to push a dummy onto the world market. According to Western engineers, it is physically impossible to place four launchers and a control cabin in the limited space of a cargo container, and the Russians are certainly not able to do this.

Successful tests on August 22 showed that Club-K is not a fiction, but a real one. combat system. As RG learned, similar tests are now being prepared with 3M-54E and 3M-14E missiles. By the way, the 3M-54E missile is capable of destroying even an aircraft carrier. Moreover. It is planned that the Club-K mobile missile systems will take part in the large-scale exercises "Caucasus-2012", that is, their military tests are beginning.

By the way, English word Club has several Russian synonyms: club, container and club. It would not be an exaggeration to say that the new “Dubina” turned out to be not a primitive weapon at all, but one of the most high-tech missile systems in the modern world.

First missile system "Club-K" was presented by the Russian OKB Novator at the Asian Defense Systems Exhibition, held in April 2009 in Malaysia. In Russia, “Club-K” was shown general public in St. Petersburg at the naval show. The system is a launcher with four Kh-35UE anti-ship cruise missiles, as well as missiles of the 3M-54KE, 3M-54KE1 and 3M-14KE types.

The complex looks like a standard sea (20 or 40 foot) cargo container, used for sea transport. Thanks to this camouflage, it is almost impossible to notice the Club-K until it is activated. Functionally, the Club-K complex consists of a universal launch module (USM), a combat control module (CCU) and a power supply and life support module (MES). Russian developers call the missile system “affordable strategic weapons”; each container costs, according to various estimates, about 10...15 million dollars.

The Club-K containerized missile system has caused real panic among Western military experts, as it can completely change the rules of modern warfare. Compact container can be installed on ships, trucks or railway platforms, and due to the excellent camouflage of the missile system, the enemy will have to conduct much more thorough reconnaissance when planning an attack.

In fact, the situation is much worse. It's simply catastrophic. The fact is that in any decent developed country all ports and railway stations just filled with 40-foot containers. These containers, in addition, are widely used as temporary warehouses and for housing workers’ cabins, as well as for equipment - for example, modular oil and gas boilers, diesel power plants, tanks with liquids, and so on are mounted in them.

Thus, the entire territory of the country is filled with tens and even hundreds of thousands of such containers. Which ones contain rockets inside? How to determine this? Civil transport is perfectly suited for transshipment of such cargo. A huge number of railway platforms, river and sea ​​vessels and even cargo trailers can transport such containers.

The Daily Telegraph claims that If Iraq had had Club-K missile systems in 2003, the US invasion of the Persian Gulf would have been impossible: Any civilian cargo ship in the Gulf would pose a potential threat to military ships and cargo.

Pentagon experts are concerned that Russia is openly offering Club-K to anyone who is under threat of attack from the United States. If this missile system enters service with Venezuela or Iran, this, according to American analysts, could destabilize the situation in the world.

« This system enables the proliferation of cruise missiles on a scale we have never seen before., - Pentagon defense consultant Ruben Johnson assesses the potential of Club-K. - Thanks to careful camouflage and high mobility, you will no longer be able to easily determine that an object is being used as a launcher. First, a harmless cargo ship appears off your shores, and the next minute your military installations are already destroyed by explosions».

The main element of the Club missile system is the universal Alpha missile, which was demonstrated in 1993 at the arms exhibition in Abu Dhabi and at the MAKS-93 international aerospace show in Zhukovsky. In the same year it was put into service.

According to the Western classification, the rocket received the designation SS-N-27 Sizzler (“hissing”, for the characteristic hissing sound at launch). In Russia and abroad it was designated as “Club” (Сlub), “Turquoise” (Biryuza) and “Alpha” (Alpha or Alfa). However, these are all export names - the domestic military knows this system under the code .

India became the first foreign customer of the sea-based Club missile system. Surface- and underwater-based missile systems are installed on Project 11356 frigates (Talwar class) and Project 877EKM diesel submarines of the Indian Navy, built by Russian enterprises. On previously purchased submarines, the Club complex is installed during repair and modernization work.

The Club missile system is also supplied to China, and agreements have been reached on supplies to several other countries. Iran and Venezuela have already expressed their interest in purchasing the new product, reports the Sunday Telegraph.

But so far we have been talking about sea-based Club systems - for surface ships and submarines. Now Russian developers have taken a revolutionary step - they put ship-based missiles in a standard container and achieved their autonomous launch. And this radically changes the tactics and strategy of using missiles.

At the same time formally Club-K missiles are not subject to any restrictions. Their flight range is up to 250-300 km, and they are not even ballistic, but winged. The Americans themselves once removed cruise missiles from the agreements limiting the export of missile technology - and now they are reaping the benefits.

Why did Club-K scare Pentagon military experts? In principle, in combat and technological terms there is nothing super new there - the complex “shoots” subsonic cruise missiles of various modifications (even the 3M54E missile is subsonic - only the last 20-30 km its strike part passes at 3M supersonic in order to effectively overcome powerful air defense and create a large kinetic impact on a large target). The system allows you to hit sea and ground targets at a distance of 200-300 km from the launch point, including aircraft carriers - but it is not Wunderwaffe in itself.

The main thing here is different - the whole complex is designed in the form of a standard 20 or 40-foot sea container. This means that it becomes virtually invisible to any type of aerial and technical reconnaissance. This is the whole “salt” of the idea. The container may be on board a merchant ship. On the railway platform. It can be loaded onto a semi-trailer and delivered as normal cargo to the area of ​​application by a regular truck. Truly, how can one not remember the railway launchers of Scalpel ballistic missiles from the times of the USSR!

However, if the destruction of “refrigerated trucks” can be explained by the needs of monitoring the launches of ballistic missiles, then here you won’t be able to ride a crooked goat. Cruise missiles are “a means of coastal defense” - and that’s it!

It goes without saying that during an attack, air defense systems are first suppressed, and then the coastal defenses are blown to smithereens. But there is nothing to spread here - hundreds, or even thousands and even tens of thousands of false targets (ordinary containers, which someone aptly called “red blood cells of world trade”) simply will not allow any fluff or dust to be allowed.

This will force aircraft carriers to stay away from the coast, thereby limiting the range of aircraft from them - this time. If it comes to landing, then some of the containers can “open” and send landing ships to the bottom - that’s two. But to hell with them, with the ships - but there is also a landing party, the main striking force and equipment, the losses of which are operationally irreplaceable.

And thirdly, this allows you to keep more serious weapons and reserves closer to the coast. After all, we have driven away the aircraft carriers, and their ability to influence the shore is greatly reduced.

Of course, it would be nice to hide coastal air defense systems in containers like this. Then for sure - the sea borders will be locked. And, of course, trade, trade and trade these systems again. After all, no one is forbidden to defend themselves.

Now let's figure it out - is Club-K really as scary as it is made out to be? I must say that the Club family now includes several cruise missiles for various purposes,range and power.

The most powerful of them is winged anti-ship 3M-54KE, created on the basis of the Granat missile, designed specifically for attacks on aircraft carriers. Its flight takes place at a speed of 0.8 M (0.8 speed of sound). When approaching the target, it is separated from the main engine and accelerates to Mach 3 - over 1 km/s - at a flight altitude of 5-10 m. The high-penetrating warhead contains 200 kg of explosive. The missile's range is 300 km.

Winged anti-ship missiles ZM-54KE and ZM-54KE1 have a similar basic configuration. They are made according to a normal winged aerodynamic design with a drop-down trapezoidal wing. The main difference between these rockets is the number of stages.

The ZM-54KE rocket has three stages: a solid propellant launch stage, a liquid propulsion propulsion stage and a solid propellant third stage. The ZM54KE missile can be launched from the universal vertical or inclined launchers ZS-14NE of a surface ship or a standard 533 mm caliber torpedo tube of a submarine.

The launch is provided by the first solid propellant stage. After gaining altitude and speed, the first stage separates, the ventral air intake extends, the second stage sustainer turbojet engine starts, and the wing opens. The missile's flight altitude is reduced to 20 m above sea level, and the missile flies to the target according to target designation data entered into the memory of its on-board control system before launch.

During the cruising phase, the rocket has a subsonic flight speed of 180-240 m/s and, accordingly, a greater range. Target guidance is provided by an onboard inertial navigation system. At a distance of 30-40 km from the target, the missile makes a “slide” with the activation of the ARGS-54E active radar homing head.

ARGS-54E detects and selects surface targets (selects the most important) at a distance of up to 65 km. The missile is aimed in an azimuth sector of -45°, and in a vertical plane in a sector from -20° to +10°. The weight of the ARGS-54E without body and fairing is no more than 40 kg, and the length is 700 mm.

After the target is detected and captured by the homing head of the ZM54KE missile, the second subsonic stage separates and the third solid-fuel stage begins to operate, developing a supersonic speed of up to 1000 m/s. During the final 20 km flight segment, the rocket descends to a height of up to 10 m above the water.

At supersonic speed of a missile flying over the crests of waves in the final section, the probability of intercepting the missile is low. However, to completely eliminate the possibility of the ZM-54KE missile being intercepted by the target’s air defense systems, the on-board missile control system can select the optimal route to reach the attacked ship. In addition, when attacking large surface targets, several missiles can be launched in salvo, which will approach the target from different directions.

The missile's subsonic cruising speed allows for minimal fuel consumption per kilometer of travel, and supersonic speed should ensure low vulnerability from the enemy ship's short-range anti-aircraft self-defense systems.

The main difference between the ZM-54KE1 cruise missile and the ZM-54KE missile is the absence of a third solid fuel stage. Thus, the ZM-54KE1 missile has only a subsonic flight mode. The ZM-54KE1 missile is almost 2 meters shorter than the ZM-54KE. This was done in order to be able to place it on small displacement ships and submarines that have shortened torpedo tubes manufactured in NATO countries.

But the ZM-54KE1 missile has a warhead almost twice as large (400 kg). The flight of the ZM-54KE1 rocket is the same as that of the ZM-54KE, but without acceleration at the final stage.

In terms of its design and tactical and technical data, it is almost no different from the ZM-54KE1 missile. The difference is that the ZM14KE missile is designed to destroy ground targets and has a slightly different control system. In particular, its control system includes a bar altimeter, which ensures greater secrecy of flight over land by accurately maintaining altitude in terrain-following mode, as well as a satellite navigation system, which contributes to high guidance accuracy.

As for the new Kh-35UE cruise missile, we will consider it a little later in a separate article.

It should be noted that a number of significant technical factors are ignored in Western media publications. For example, “Club-K” is positioned by its manufacturer, JSC Concern Morinformsystem-Agat, as a universal launch module that houses a lifting launcher for four missiles. But in order to bring the Club-K complex into combat condition and launch missiles, two more of the same 40-foot containers containing Combat control module And Power supply and life support module.

These two modules provide:
— daily maintenance and routine checks of missiles;
— receiving target designation and firing commands via satellite;
— calculation of initial shooting data;
— conducting pre-launch preparations;
— development of flight missions and launch of cruise missiles.

It is clear that this requires trained combat crews, a centralized command post, satellite navigation and communications. This is unlikely to be available to terrorists, even if they are from Hezbollah. They do not have their own satellites; Club-K, naturally, is tied to the Russian space constellation and corresponding control.

The real purpose of the Club-K container complex is to arm mobilized civilian ships during a period of threat. In the event of possible aggression, a coastal state can quickly receive a small fleet designed to combat a naval strike group of a potential enemy.

The same containers located on the coast will protect it from approaching landing craft. That is, it is a very effective defense weapon. At the same time, it is very cheap - about 15 million dollars for a basic complex (three containers, 4 missiles). This is an order of magnitude lower than the cost of a frigate or corvette, which are usually used for coastal defense.

"Club-K" is capable of replacing the fleet and naval aviation. For poor countries with a long coastline, this is a serious alternative to purchasing expensive equipment, which is usually purchased in Western European countries. Spanish frigates, German submarines, French missile systems, Italian helicopters and other weapons, components for which are manufactured in a dozen countries, may lose a significant sector of the market.

/Based on materials warcyb.org.ru, en.wikipedia.org And i-korotchenko.livejournal.com /