Unmanned aerial vehicle. Rating of the deadliest drones New combat aircraft

However, given that the program for creating robotic combat systems in Russia is classified, it is quite possible that publicity in the media was not needed, since, perhaps, combat tests of promising robotics were carried out.

Let's try to analyze open information about what kind of combat robots Russia has in its possession. given time. Let's start the first part of the article with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).

Ka-37 is a Russian unmanned aerial vehicle (unmanned helicopter) designed for aerial photography, broadcasting and relaying television and radio signals, conducting environmental experiments, delivering medicines, food and mail when providing emergency assistance in the process of eliminating accidents and disasters in areas that are difficult to reach and dangerous for humans. places.

Purpose

• Multi-role unmanned helicopter
• First flight: 1993

Specifications

• Main rotor diameter: 4.8 m
• Fuselage length: 3.14 m
• Height with rotation screws: 1.8 m
• Weight Max. takeoff 250 kg
• Engine: P-037 (2x24.6 kW)
• Cruising speed: 110 km/h
• Max. speed: 145 km/h
• Range: 20 km
• Flight range: ~100 km
• Service ceiling: 3800 m

Ka-137- reconnaissance UAV (helicopter). The first flight took place in 1999. Developed by: Kamov Design Bureau. The Ka-137 unmanned helicopter is made according to a coaxial design. The chassis is four-wheel. The body has a spherical shape with a diameter of 1.3 m.

Equipped with a satellite navigation system and a digital autopilot, the Ka-137 moves along a pre-planned route automatically and reaches a given location with an accuracy of 60 m. On the Internet it received the unofficial nickname “Pepelats” by analogy with the aircraft from the film “Kin-dza-dza!” .

Specifications

• Main propeller diameter: 5.30 m
• Length: 1.88 m
• Width: 1.88 m
• Height: 2.30 m
• Weight:
  • empty: 200 kg
  • maximum take-off: 280 kg
• Engine type 1 PD Hirht 2706 R05
• Power: 65 HP With.
• Speed:
  • maximum: 175 km/h
  • cruising: 145 km/h
• Practical range: 530 km
• Flight duration: 4 hours
• Ceiling:
  • practical: 5000 m
  • static: 2900 m
• maximum: 80 kg

PS-01 Komar is an operational unmanned aircraft, remotely piloted vehicle.

The first flight took place in 1980, developed at OSKBES MAI (Industry Special Design Bureau MAI). Three samples of the apparatus were built. On the device, a scheme of annular tail with a pusher propeller and rudders located inside the ring was developed, which was subsequently used to create a serial complex of the Shmel-1 type.

The design features of the drone are the use of folding wings and a modular fuselage design. The wings of the device were folded in such a way that, when assembled (transported), the aircraft was placed in a container 2.2x1x0.8 m. From the transport configuration to the flight configuration, the Komar aircraft was brought in 3-5 s using hinges with self-locking latches for the extreme positions of all folding elements .

The UAV fuselage had a detachable head module with three quick-release locks, which ensured easy change of modules. This reduced the time for replacing a module with a target load, the time for loading the aircraft with pesticides or biological protection agents for agricultural areas.

Specifications

• Normal take-off weight, kg 90
• Maximum ground speed, km/h 180
• Practical flight range with load, km 100
• Aircraft length, m 2.15
• Wingspan, m 2.12

Reconnaissance UAV. The first flight took place in 1983. Work on the creation of a mini-UAV has begun at the Design Bureau named after. A. S. Yakovleva in 1982, based on the experience of studying the combat use of Israeli UAVs in the 1982 war. In 1985, the development of the Shmel-1 UAV with a four-legged chassis began. Flight tests of the Shmel-1 UAV in a version equipped with television and IR equipment began in 1989. The device is designed for 10 launches, stored and transported folded in a fiberglass container. Equipped with replaceable sets of reconnaissance equipment, which include a television camera and a thermal imaging camera, installed on a gyro-stabilized ventral platform. Parachute landing method.

Specifications

• Wingspan, m 3.25
• Length, m 2.78
• Height, m ​​1.10
• Weight, kg 130
• Engine type 1 PD
• Power, hp 1 x 32
• Cruising speed, km/h 140
• Flight duration, h 2
• Practical ceiling, m 3000
• Minimum flight altitude, m 100

“Shmel-1” served as a prototype for the more advanced machine “Pchela-1T”, from which it is practically indistinguishable in appearance.

Bee-1T

Bee-1T- Soviet and Russian reconnaissance UAV. With the help of the complex, operational interaction is carried out with the means of fire destruction of the MLRS “Smerch”, “Grad”, barrel artillery, attack helicopters in conditions of fire and electronic countermeasures.

The launch is carried out using two solid fuel boosters with a short guide located on the tracked chassis of the airborne combat vehicle. Landing is carried out using a parachute with a shock-absorbing inflatable bag that reduces shock overloads. The Pchela-1 UAV uses a two-stroke two-cylinder internal combustion engine P-032 as a power plant. The Stroy-P complex with the Pchela-1T RPV, created in 1990 by the A.S. Design Bureau. Yakovlev, is designed for round-the-clock observation of objects and transmission of their television or thermal imaging images in real time to a ground control point. In 1997, the complex was adopted by the Armed Forces Russian Federation. Resource: 5 flights.

Specifications

• Wingspan, m: 3.30
• Length, m: 2.80
• Height, m: 1.12
• Weight, kg: 138
• Engine type: piston
• Power, hp: 1 x 32
• Radius of the complex, km: 60
• Flight altitude range above sea level, m: 100-2500
• Flight speed, km/h: 120-180
• RPV take-off weight, kg: up to 138
• Control method:
  • automatic flight according to the program
  • remote manual control
• Error in measuring RPV coordinates:
  • by range, m: no more than 150
  • in azimuth, degrees: no more than 1
• Launch altitude above sea level, m: up to 2,000
• Height range for optimal reconnaissance above the underlying surface, m: 100-1000
• Angular speed of UAV turn, deg/s: not less than 3
• Complex deployment time, min: 20
• Field of view of the TV camera in pitch, degrees: 5 - −65
• Flight duration, hours: 2
• Number of takeoffs and landings (applications for each UAV): 5
• Operating temperature range of the complex, °C: −30 - +50
• Training time for maintenance personnel, hours: 200
• Wind at RPV launch, m/s: no more than 10
• Wind during UAV landing, m/s: no more than 8

Tu-143 "Flight" - reconnaissance unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)

Designed to guide tactical reconnaissance in the front-line zone through photo and television reconnaissance of area targets and individual routes, as well as monitoring the radiation situation along the flight route. Part of the VR-3 complex. At the end of the flight, the Tu-143 turned around according to the program and returned back to the landing zone, where, after stopping the engine and the “slide” maneuver, landing was carried out using a parachute-jet system and landing gear.

The use of the complex was tested at the 4th Air Force Combat Use Center. In the 1970-1980s, 950 pieces were produced. In April 2014 Armed forces Ukraine reactivated the drones left over from the USSR and tested them, after which they began combat use on the territory of Donetsk and Lugansk regions.

• Modification of Tu-143
• Wingspan, m 2.24
• Length, m 8.06
• Height, m ​​1.545
• Wing area, m2 2.90
• Weight, kg 1230
• Engine type TRD TRZ-117
• Thrust, kgf 1 x 640
• Accelerator SPRD-251
• Maximum speed, km/h
• Cruising speed, km/h 950
• Practical range, km 180
• Flight time, min 13
• Practical ceiling, m 1000
• Minimum flight altitude, m 10

"Skat" is a reconnaissance and strike unmanned aerial vehicle developed by the Mikoyan and Gurevich Design Bureau and JSC Klimov. It was first presented at the MAKS-2007 air show as a full-size mock-up designed to test design and layout solutions.

According to Sergei Korotkov, General Director of RSK MIG, the development of the Skat unmanned attack aerial vehicle has been discontinued. By decision of the Russian Ministry of Defense, based on the results of the corresponding tender, Sukhoi Holding Company was elected as the lead developer of a promising attack UAV. However, the groundwork for Skat will be used in the development of the Sukhoi UAV family, and RSK MIG will take part in this work. The project was suspended due to lack of funding. December 22, 2015 in an interview (Vedomosti newspaper) with general director RSK “MiG” Serey Korotkov was told that work on “Skat” continues. The work is being carried out jointly with TsAGI. The development is financed by the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation.

Purpose

• Conducting reconnaissance
• Attacking ground targets with aerial bombs and guided missiles (X-59)
• Destruction of radar systems by missiles (X-31).

Specifications

• Length: 10.25 m
• Wingspan: 11.50 m
• Height: 2.7 m
• Chassis: tricycle
• Maximum take-off weight: 20000 kg
• Engine: 1 × RD-5000B turbofan engine with flat nozzle
• Thrust: afterburning: 1 × 5040 kgf
• Thrust-to-weight ratio: at maximum take-off weight: 0.25 kgf/kg

Flight characteristics

• Maximum speed at high altitude: 850 km/h (0.8 M)
• Flight range: 4000 km
• Combat radius: 1200 km
• Service ceiling: 15000 m

Armament

Designed for observation, target designation, fire adjustment, damage assessment. Effective for aerial photography and video shooting at short distances. Produced by the Izhevsk company “ZALA AERO GROUP” under the leadership of Zakharov A.V.

The unmanned aerial vehicle is designed according to the “flying wing” aerodynamic design and consists of a glider with a system automatic control autopilot, controls and propulsion, onboard power system, parachute landing system and removable target load units. To prevent the plane from getting lost in late time days, miniature ones are installed on the body LED lights, requiring low energy consumption. ZALA 421-08 is started manually. Landing method - automatically with a parachute.

Characteristics:

• Radius of video/radio channel 15 km / 25 km
• Flight duration 80 min
• UAV wingspan 810 mm
• UAV length 425 mm
• Maximum flight altitude 3600 m
• Launching from the body of a UAV or catapult
• Landing – parachute/net
• Engine type – electric traction
• Speed ​​65-130 km/h
• Maximum take-off weight 2.5 kg
• Target load weight 300 g
• Navigation INS with GPS/GLONASS correction, radio rangefinder
• Target loads Type "08"
• Glider - one-piece wing
• Battery – 10000 mAh 4S
• Maximum permissible wind speed 20 m/s
• Operating temperature range -30°C…+40°C
(5 votes, average: 5,00 out of 5)

Just 20 years ago, Russia was one of the world leaders in the development of unmanned aerial vehicles. Only 950 Tu-143 aerial reconnaissance aircraft were produced in the 80s of the last century. The famous reusable spaceship"Buran", which made its first and only flight in completely unmanned mode. I don’t see any point in somehow giving up on the development and use of drones now.

Background of Russian drones (Tu-141, Tu-143, Tu-243). In the mid-sixties, the Tupolev Design Bureau began creating new complexes unmanned reconnaissance tactical and operational purposes. On August 30, 1968, Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR N 670-241 was issued on the development of a new unmanned complex tactical reconnaissance "Flight" (VR-3) and its included unmanned reconnaissance aircraft "143" (Tu-143). The deadline for presenting the complex for testing was specified in the Resolution: for the version with photo reconnaissance equipment - 1970, for the version with equipment for television intelligence and for the version with equipment for radiation reconnaissance - 1972.

The Tu-143 reconnaissance UAV was mass-produced in two variants with a replaceable nose part: a photo reconnaissance version with recording information on board, and a television reconnaissance version with the transmission of information via radio to ground command posts. In addition, the reconnaissance aircraft could be equipped with radiation reconnaissance equipment with the transmission of materials about the radiation situation along the flight route to the ground via a radio channel. UAV Tu-143 presented at an exhibition of samples aviation technology at the Central Aerodrome in Moscow and at the Museum in Monino (you can also see the Tu-141 UAV there).

As part of the aerospace show in Zhukovsky MAKS-2007 near Moscow, in the closed part of the exhibition, the MiG aircraft manufacturing corporation showed its attack unmanned system "Scat" - an aircraft designed according to the "flying wing" design and outwardly very reminiscent of the American B-2 Spirit bomber or its a smaller version is the X-47B maritime unmanned aerial vehicle.

"Scat" is designed to strike both previously scouted stationary targets, primarily air defense systems, in conditions of strong opposition anti-aircraft weapons the enemy, and against mobile ground and sea targets when conducting autonomous and group actions, joint with manned aircraft.

Its maximum take-off weight should be 10 tons. Flight range - 4 thousand kilometers. Flight speed near the ground is at least 800 km/h. It will be able to carry two air-to-surface/air-to-radar missiles or two adjustable aerial bombs with a total mass of no more than 1 ton.

The aircraft is designed according to the flying wing design. In addition, well-known techniques for reducing radar signature were clearly visible in the design. Thus, the wingtips are parallel to its leading edge and the contours of the rear part of the device are made in exactly the same way. Above the middle part of the wing, the Skat had a fuselage of a characteristic shape, smoothly connected to the load-bearing surfaces. Vertical tail was not provided. As can be seen from the photographs of the Skat model, control was to be carried out using four elevons located on the consoles and on the center section. At the same time, certain questions were immediately raised by the yaw controllability: due to the lack of a rudder and a single-engine design, the UAV needed to somehow solve this problem. There is a version about a single deflection of the internal elevons for yaw control.

The model presented at the MAKS-2007 exhibition had the following dimensions: a wingspan of 11.5 meters, a length of 10.25 and a parking height of 2.7 m. Regarding the mass of the Skat, all that is known is that its maximum take-off weight should have been approximately equal to ten tons. With such parameters, the Skat had good calculated flight data. At maximum speed up to 800 km/h it could rise to a height of up to 12 thousand meters and cover up to 4000 kilometers in flight. Such flight performance was planned to be achieved using a two-circuit turbojet engine RD-5000B with a thrust of 5040 kgf. This turbojet engine was created on the basis of the RD-93 engine, but was initially equipped with a special flat nozzle, which reduces the visibility of the aircraft in infrared range. The engine air intake was located in the forward part of the fuselage and was an unregulated intake device.

Inside the characteristically shaped fuselage, the Skat had two cargo compartments measuring 4.4 x 0.75 x 0.65 meters. With such dimensions, it was possible to suspend guided missiles in the cargo compartments various types, as well as adjustable bombs. The total mass of the Stingray's combat load should have been approximately two tons. During the presentation at the MAKS-2007 salon, next to the Skat there were Kh-31 missiles and KAB-500 adjustable bombs. The composition of the on-board equipment implied by the project was not disclosed. Based on information about other projects of this class, we can draw conclusions about the presence of a complex of navigation and sighting equipment, as well as some capabilities for autonomous actions.

The Dozor-600 UAV (developed by Transas designers), also known as Dozor-3, is much lighter than the Skat or Proryv. Its maximum take-off weight does not exceed 710-720 kilograms. Moreover, due to the classic aerodynamic layout with a full fuselage and a straight wing, it has approximately the same dimensions as the Stingray: a wingspan of twelve meters and a total length of seven. In the bow of the Dozor-600 there is space for target equipment, and in the middle there is a stabilized platform for observation equipment. A propeller group is located in the tail section of the drone. It is based on a Rotax 914 piston engine, similar to those installed on the Israeli IAI Heron UAV and the American MQ-1B Predator.

115 horsepower engine allows the Dozor-600 drone to accelerate to a speed of about 210-215 km/h or make long flights with cruising speed at 120-150 km/h. When using additional fuel tanks, this UAV is capable of staying in the air for up to 24 hours. Thus, the practical flight range is approaching 3,700 kilometers.

Based on the characteristics of the Dozor-600 UAV, we can draw conclusions about its purpose. The relatively small take-off weight does not allow it to transport any serious weapons, which limits the range of tasks it can perform exclusively to reconnaissance. However, a number of sources mention the possibility of installing various weapons on the Dozor-600, total weight which does not exceed 120-150 kilograms. Because of this, the range of weapons permissible for use is limited only to certain types of guided missiles, in particular anti-tank missiles. It is noteworthy that when using anti-tank guided missiles, the Dozor-600 becomes largely similar to the American MQ-1B Predator, both in technical characteristics and in the composition of its weapons.

Heavy attack unmanned aerial vehicle project. The development of the research topic “Hunter” to study the possibility of creating an attack UAV weighing up to 20 tons in the interests of the Russian Air Force was or is being carried out by the Sukhoi company (JSC Sukhoi Design Bureau). For the first time, the plans of the Ministry of Defense to adopt an attack UAV were announced at the MAKS-2009 air show in August 2009. According to a statement by Mikhail Pogosyan in August 2009, the design of a new attack unmanned aerial system was to be the first working together relevant units of the Sukhoi and MiG Design Bureaus (Skat project). The media reported the conclusion of a contract for the implementation of the Okhotnik research work with the Sukhoi company on July 12, 2011. In August 2011, the merger of the relevant divisions of RSK MiG and Sukhoi to develop a promising strike UAV was confirmed in the media, but the official agreement between MiG " and "Sukhoi" were signed only on October 25, 2012.

The terms of reference for the strike UAV were approved by the Russian Ministry of Defense on the first of April 2012. On July 6, 2012, information appeared in the media that the Sukhoi company had been selected by the Russian Air Force as the lead developer. An unnamed industry source also reports that the strike UAV developed by Sukhoi will simultaneously be a sixth-generation fighter. As of mid-2012, it is expected that the first sample of the strike UAV will begin testing no earlier than 2016. It is expected to enter service by 2020. In 2012, JSC VNIIRA carried out a selection of patent materials on the topic of R&D “Hunter”, and in In the future, it was planned to create navigation systems for landing and taxiing heavy UAVs on the instructions of Sukhoi Company OJSC (source).

Media reports that the first sample of a heavy attack UAV named after the Sukhoi Design Bureau will be ready in 2018.

Combat use (otherwise they will say exhibition copies are Soviet junk)

“For the first time in the world, the Russian Armed Forces carried out an attack on a fortified area of ​​militants with combat drones. In the province of Latakia, army units Syrian army, with the support of Russian paratroopers and Russian combat drones, took the strategic height of 754.5, the Siriatel tower.

More recently, the Chief of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces, General Gerasimov, said that Russia is striving to completely robotize the battle, and perhaps soon we will witness how robotic groups independently conduct military operations, and this is what happened.

In Russia in 2013 it was adopted airborne weapons the latest automated control system "Andromeda-D", with which you can carry out operational control of a mixed group of troops.
The use of the latest high-tech equipment allows the command to ensure continuous control of troops performing training combat missions at unfamiliar training grounds, and the Airborne Forces command to monitor their actions, being at a distance of more than 5 thousand kilometers from their deployment sites, receiving from the training area not only a graphic picture of moving units, but also a video image of their actions in real time.

Depending on the tasks, the complex can be mounted on the chassis of a two-axle KamAZ, BTR-D, BMD-2 or BMD-4. In addition, taking into account the specifics of the Airborne Forces, Andromeda-D is adapted for loading into an aircraft, flight and landing.
This system, as well as combat drones, were deployed to Syria and tested in combat conditions.
Six Platform-M robotic complexes and four Argo complexes took part in the attack on the heights; the drone attack was supported by self-propelled drones recently deployed to Syria artillery installations(self-propelled guns) "Acacia", which can destroy enemy positions with overhead fire.

From the air, drones conducted reconnaissance behind the battlefield, transmitting information to the deployed Andromeda-D field center, as well as to Moscow to the National Defense Control Center command post General Staff Russia.

Combat robots, self-propelled guns, and drones were linked to the Andromeda-D automated control system. The commander of the attack to the heights, in real time, led the battle, the operators of combat drones, being in Moscow, led the attack, everyone saw both their own area of ​​​​the battle and the whole picture as a whole.

The drones were the first to attack, approaching 100-120 meters to the militants’ fortifications, they called fire on themselves, and immediately attacked the detected firing points with self-propelled guns.

Behind the drones, at a distance of 150-200 meters, Syrian infantry advanced, clearing the heights.

The militants did not have the slightest chance, all their movements were controlled by drones, artillery strikes were carried out on the discovered militants, literally 20 minutes after the start of the attack by combat drones, the militants fled in horror, abandoning the dead and wounded. On the slopes of height 754.5, almost 70 militants were killed, there were no dead Syrian soldiers, only 4 wounded.”

Russian airspace protection / Photo: cdn5.img.ria.ru

Russian scientists are developing hypersonic aircrafts to overcome missile defense, said the head of the project team Boris Satovsky.

According to him, now the whole world is going through a turning point, when, taking into account the achieved level of technological development, the methods of application are being rethought strategic weapons. In the process of technological development, new types and types of weapons emerge, for example, based on maneuvering hypersonic elements.

According to media reports, this year the Russian military has twice tested a hypersonic aircraft designed to replace traditional warheads for promising intercontinental ballistic missiles.

The maneuver that a hypersonic warhead makes after entering the dense layers of the atmosphere makes it difficult for missile defense systems to intercept it. Hypersonic is a flight speed that significantly (five times or more) exceeds the speed of sound in the atmosphere, that is, 330 meters per second, reports RIA Novosti.

Technical information

Russia will be able to limit the effectiveness of the US missile defense system with the help of the Yu-71 hypersonic aircraft, which is currently being tested, writes the American edition of the Washington Times. The new weapon will be able to carry a nuclear charge at 10 times the speed of sound.

Estimated view of Yu-71 / Image: nampuom-pycu.livejournal.com

In the strictest secrecy, Russia is testing a new hypersonic maneuvering aircraft, the Yu-71, which will be capable of carrying nuclear warheads at a speed 10 times the speed of sound, reports the American edition of the Washington Times. The Kremlin is developing similar devices to overcome US missile defenses, InoTV notes, citing the newspaper. (Yu-71) has been in development for several years. The last tests of the aircraft took place in February 2015. The launch took place from the Dombarovsky test site near Orenburg. Previously, it was purely speculatively reported by other Western sources, but now this launch has been confirmed by new analysts. The publication refers to a report released in June by the famous Western military analytical center Jane’s.

Previously, this designation - Yu-71 - did not appear in open sources.

Yu-71 - hypersonic aircraft / Photo: azfilm.ru

According to The WashingtonFree Beacon, the aircraft is part of a secret Russian project to create a certain object 4202. Analysts claim that the February launch was carried out using an UR-100N UTTH rocket, in which object 4202 served as the warhead, and ended unsuccessfully.

Perhaps this index refers to the modifications being developed of hypersonic maneuvering nuclear warheads, which have been equipped with Russian ICBMs for several years now. These blocks, after separation from the launch vehicle, are capable of changing the flight path in altitude and heading and, as a result, successfully bypass both existing and advanced systems PRO.

This would give Russia the ability to launch precision strikes against selected targets, and when combined with the capabilities of its missile defense system, Moscow would be able to successfully hit a target with just one missile.

24 hypersonic aircraft with nuclear warheads will be deployed at the Dombarovsky training ground from 2020 to 2025, the military analytical center Jane’s Information Group is confident. By that time, Moscow will already have a new intercontinental ballistic missile capable of carrying the Yu-71, the publication writes.

The speed of hypersonic aircraft reaches 11,200 km/h, and unpredictable maneuverability makes the task of finding their bearing almost impossible, the Washington Times emphasizes.

Hello!

I want to say right away that it is difficult to believe in this, almost impossible, the stereotype is to blame for everything, but I will try to present this clearly and justify it with specific tests.

My article is intended for people associated with aviation or those who are interested in aviation.

In 2000, an idea arose about the trajectory of a mechanical blade moving in a circle with a turn on its axis. As shown in Fig.1.

And so imagine, the blade (1), (flat rectangular plate, side view) rotating in a circle (3) rotates on its axis (2) in a certain dependence, by 2 degrees of rotation along the circle, 1 degree of rotation on its axis (2) . As a result, we have the trajectory of the blade (1) shown in Fig. 1. Now imagine that the blade is in a fluid, in air or water, with this movement the following happens: moving in one direction (5) around the circle, the blade has maximum resistance to the fluid, and moving in the other direction (4) around the circle, has minimal resistance to fluid.

This is the principle of operation of the propulsion device; all that remains is to invent a mechanism that executes the trajectory of the blade. This is what I did from 2000 to 2013. The mechanism was called VRK, which stands for rotating deployable wing. IN this description wing, blade, and plate have the same meaning.

I created my own workshop and started creating, tried different options, and around 2004-2005 I got the following result.

Rice. 2

Rice. 3

I made a simulator to test the lifting force of the lifting rocket (Fig. 2). The VRK is made of three blades, the blades along the inner perimeter have a stretched red raincoat fabric, the purpose of the simulator is to overcome the force of gravity of 4 kg. Fig.3. I attached the steelyard to the VRK shaft. Result Fig.4:

Rice. 4

The simulator easily lifted this load, there was a report on local television, State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company Bira, these are stills from this report. Then I added speed and adjusted it to 7 kg, the machine also lifted this load, after that I tried to add more speed, but the mechanism could not stand it. Therefore, I can judge the experiment by this result, although it is not final, but in numbers it looks like this:

The clip shows a simulator for testing the lifting force of a lifting rocket. The horizontal structure is hinged on legs, with a rotary control valve installed on one side and a drive on the other. Drive – el. motor 0.75 kW, electric efficiency engine 0.75%, that is, in fact the engine produces 0.75 * 0.75 = 0.5625 kW, we know that 1 hp = 0.7355 kW.

Before turning on the simulator, I weigh the VRK shaft with a steelyard; the weight is 4 kg. This can be seen from the clip, after the report I changed the gear ratio, added speed and added weight, as a result the simulator lifted 7 kilograms, then when the weight and speed increased, it could not stand it. Let's return to the calculations after the fact, if 0.5625 kW lifts 7 kg, then 1 hp = 0.7355 kW will lift 0.7355 kW/0.5625 kW = 1.3 and 7 * 1.3 = 9.1 kg.

During testing, the VRK propulsion device showed a vertical lift force of 9.1 kg per horsepower. For example, a helicopter has half the lifting force. (I compare specifications helicopters, where the maximum take-off weight per engine power is 3.5-4 kg/per 1 hp, for an airplane it is 8 kg/per 1 hp). I would like to note that this is not the final result; for testing, the lifting force must be made in the factory and on a stand with precision instruments to determine the lifting force.

The propeller propulsion system has the technical ability to change the direction of the driving force by 360 degrees, this allows for vertical take-off and switching to horizontal movement. In this article I do not dwell on this issue; this is set out in my patents.

Received 2 patents for VRK Fig.5, Fig.6, but today they are not valid for non-payment. But all the information for creating a VRK is not contained in patents.

Rice. 5

Rice. 6

Now the most difficult thing is that everyone has a stereotype about existing aircraft, these are airplanes and helicopters (I am not taking examples of jet-powered aircraft or rockets).

VRK - having advantages over the propeller such as higher driving force and a change in direction of movement by 360 degrees, allows you to create completely new aircraft for various purposes that will take off vertically from any site and smoothly transition to horizontal movement.

In terms of complexity of production, aircraft with a propeller-propelled rocket system are no more complicated than a car; the purpose of aircraft can be very different:

• Individual, put it on your back, and flew like a bird;
• Family type of transport, for 4-5 people, Fig. 7;
• Municipal transport: ambulance, police, administration, fire, Ministry of Emergency Situations, etc., Fig. 7;
• Airbuses for peripheral and intercity traffic, Fig. 8;
• An aircraft taking off vertically on a propeller rocket, switching to jet engines, Fig. 9;
• And any aircraft for all kinds of tasks.

Rice. 7

Rice. 8

Rice. 9

Their appearance and the principle of flight are difficult to perceive. In addition to aircraft, the propeller can be used as a propulsion device for swimming vehicles, but we do not touch on this topic here.

VRK is a whole area that I can’t cope with alone, I would like to hope that this area will be needed in Russia.

Having received the result in 2004-2005, I was inspired and hoped that I would quickly convey my thoughts to the specialists, but until this happened, all the years I have been making new versions of the propeller control system, using different kinematic schemes, but the test result was negative. In 2011, repeated the 2004-2005 version, el. the engine was turned on via an inverter, this ensured smooth start The VRK, however, the VRK mechanism was made from materials available to me according to a simplified version, so I can’t give the maximum load, I adjusted it to 2 kg.

I slowly raise the engine speed. engine, as a result the airborne rocket launcher exhibits a silent, smooth takeoff.

Full clip of the latest challenge:

On this optimistic note, I bid you farewell.

Sincerely, Kokhochev Anatoly Alekseevich.

It is unlikely that robots will ever completely replace humans in those areas of activity that require rapid adoption of non-standard decisions both in peaceful life and in combat. Nevertheless, the development of drones in the last nine years has become a fashionable trend in the military aircraft industry. Many militarily leading countries are mass producing UAVs. Russia has not yet managed not only to take its traditional leadership position in the field of weapons design, but also to overcome the gap in this segment of defense technologies. However, work in this direction is underway.

Motivation for UAV development

The first results of using unmanned aircraft appeared back in the forties, however, the technology of that time was more consistent with the concept of an “aircraft-projectile”. Cruise missile"Fau" could fly in one direction with its own course control system, built on the inertial-gyroscopic principle.

In the 50s and 60s Soviet systems Air defense reached high level efficiency, and began to pose a serious danger to aircraft probable enemy in the event of a real confrontation. The wars in Vietnam and the Middle East caused real panic among US and Israeli pilots. Cases of refusals to carry out combat missions in areas covered by anti-aircraft systems Soviet made. Ultimately, the reluctance to put the lives of pilots at mortal risk prompted design companies to look for a way out.

Start of practical application

The first country to use unmanned aircraft was Israel. In 1982, during the conflict with Syria (Bekaa Valley), reconnaissance aircraft operating in robotic mode appeared in the sky. With their help, the Israelis managed to detect battle formations Enemy air defense, which made it possible to launch a missile strike on them.

The first drones were intended exclusively for reconnaissance flights over “hot” territories. Currently also used attack drones, having weapons and ammunition on board and directly delivering bombs and missile strikes on expected enemy positions.

The United States has the largest number of them, where Predators and other types of combat aircraft are mass-produced.

Application experience military aviation V modern period, in particular the operation to pacify the South Ossetian conflict in 2008, showed that Russia also needs UAVs. Conduct heavy reconnaissance in the face of enemy attacks air defense risky and leads to unjustified losses. As it turned out, there are certain shortcomings in this area.

Problems

The dominant modern idea today is the opinion that Russia needs attack UAVs in to a lesser extent than reconnaissance. You can deliver a fire strike to the enemy by a variety of means, including tactical missiles high precision and artillery. Where information is more important about the deployment of his forces and correct target designation. As shown American experience, the use of drones directly for shelling and bombing leads to numerous mistakes, the death of civilians and their own soldiers. This does not exclude a complete abandonment of strike models, but only reveals a promising direction along which new Russian UAVs will be developed in the near future. It would seem that the country that just recently occupied a leading position in the creation of unmanned aerial vehicles is doomed to success today. Back in the first half of the 60s, aircraft were created that flew in automatic mode: La-17R (1963), Tu-123 (1964) and others. The leadership remained in the 70s and 80s. However, in the nineties, the technological lag became obvious, and an attempt to eliminate it in the last decade, accompanied by the expenditure of five billion rubles, did not give the expected result.

Current situation

At the moment, the most promising UAVs in Russia are represented by the following main models:

In practice, the only serial UAVs in Russia are now represented by the complex artillery reconnaissance"Tipchak", capable of performing a narrowly defined range of combat missions related to target designation. The agreement between Oboronprom and IAI for large-scale assembly of Israeli drones, signed in 2010, can be viewed as a temporary measure that does not ensure the development of Russian technologies, but only covers a gap in the range of domestic defense production.

Some promising models can be reviewed individually as part of publicly available information.

"Pacer"

Take-off weight is one ton, which is not so little for a drone. Project development is carried out by Transas, flight tests are currently underway prototypes. Layout layout, V-shaped tail, wide wing, takeoff and landing method (aircraft), and General characteristics roughly correspond to the performance of the currently most common American Predator. The Russian UAV “Inokhodets” will be able to carry a variety of equipment allowing for reconnaissance at any time of the day, aerial photography and telecommunications support. It is assumed that it will be possible to produce strike, reconnaissance and civilian modifications.

"Watch"

The main model is reconnaissance; it is equipped with video and photo cameras, a thermal imager and other recording equipment. Attack UAVs can also be produced on the basis of a heavy airframe. Russia needs Dozor-600 more as a universal platform for testing technologies for the production of more powerful drones, but the launch of this particular drone into mass production cannot be ruled out either. The project is currently under development. The date of the first flight was 2009, at the same time the sample was presented at the MAKS international exhibition. Designed by Transas.

"Altair"

It can be assumed that at the moment the largest attack UAVs in Russia are Altair, developed by the Sokol Design Bureau. The project also has another name - “Altius-M”. The take-off weight of these drones is five tons, it will be built by the Kazan Gorbunov Aviation Plant, part of Joint-Stock Company"Tupolev". The cost of the contract concluded with the Ministry of Defense is approximately one billion rubles. It is also known that these new Russian UAVs have dimensions comparable to those of an interceptor aircraft:

• length - 11,600 mm;
• wingspan - 28,500 mm;
• tail span - 6,000 mm.

The power of two screw aviation diesel engines is 1000 hp. With. These Russian reconnaissance and strike UAVs will be able to stay in the air for up to two days, covering a distance of 10 thousand kilometers. Little is known about electronic equipment; one can only guess about its capabilities.

Other types

Other Russian UAVs are also in promising development, for example, the mentioned “Okhotnik”, an unmanned heavy drone, capable of also performing various functions, both information and reconnaissance and strike and assault. In addition, there is also diversity in the principle of the device. UAVs come in both airplane and helicopter types. A large number of rotors provides the ability to effectively maneuver and hover over an object of interest, producing high-quality photography. Information can be quickly transmitted over encrypted communication channels or accumulated in the built-in memory of the equipment. UAV control can be algorithmic-software, remote or combined, in which the return to the base is carried out automatically in case of loss of control.

Apparently, unmanned Russian vehicles will soon be neither qualitatively nor quantitatively inferior to foreign models.