The main parts of the Makarov pistol and their purpose. Download Makarov pistol detailed drawing with dimensions General information. The purpose and combat properties of the pistol

And one more article about pneumatic Makarov. Every self-respecting company is engaged in the production of this legend of domestic weapons business in pneumatic design. The main representatives on the market are Umarex, KWC (and other Taiwan) and our domestic one from IzhMech. Today we will look at how to properly dismember the MP-654k, i.e. How to disassemble a Makarov air pistol.

Device

The pneumatic replica is made on the basis of the original combat pistol, with many details and mechanisms preserved unchanged. Therefore, the device of the Makarov air pistol largely coincides with the original. Before climbing inside, I suggest looking at the interactive scheme of the combat PM:

Scheme of work of PM. Click "Device" to get started

PM information poster (click to enlarge)

And now we apply the diagrams of the pneumatic Makarov. A little different, but in general everything is the same.

Scheme of the air gun Makarov MP-654k ( general device and shop)

The main points about the device of this Makarov:

• The general scheme of all pneumatic Makarov mechanisms is shown in the figure above.
• The bullet takes off from the bore due to the energy of the compressed gas cartridge located in the magazine. The cutoff of the portion of gas per shot occurs due to the work trigger mechanism.
• Bullets are fed to the barrel line by a spring in the magazine.
• USM allows firing by self-cocking or preliminary cocking.
• The fuse is located on the left side of the shutter. When switching to the protection mode, the trigger is safely released without a shot, and the impossibility of hitting the hammer on the firing pin is ensured.
• The gun can use two types of cans - 7 gr. (when using the complete adapter) and 12 gr.

Partial disassembly

A pistol, like a combat one, allows you to carry out incomplete and complete disassembly on yourself. Not complete disassembly on this version, they are used mainly for “training” the handling of a combat model. Due to the "pneumaticity" of the pistol in the field incomplete disassembly can be reduced due to the lack of the need to check the sent cartridge. Basic moments:

• Pull out magazine
• Pull trigger guard down
• Separate shutter
• Remove return spring

Complete disassembly

In case of serious pollution, “bathing”, tuning or breakdown (for example, the departure of the mainspring), a complete disassembly of the Makarov air pistol is carried out. Disassembly is usually carried out before a breakdown is detected, so many steps can be skipped. For a complete understanding of the process, the following video is offered:

Partial disassembly

1. Shop
2. Gate
3. return spring

Gate

1. Fuse
2. Drummer

Frame (numbering according to the device diagram)

1. Handle screw (11)
2. Lever
3. Gate valve (12)
4. Mainspring (10)
5. Sheptalo (7)
6. Shutter lag
7. Trigger (9)
8. Traction (5)
9. Trigger (14)
10. trigger guard
11. Barrel (3)
12. barrel nut

Shop

1. Clamp screw
2. Shop head
3. Spring
4. Valve

The assembly of the Makarov air pistol is carried out in the reverse order. MP-654k in terms of parsing does not apply to complex pneumatic products, so you can just get by with common sense and improvised tools. Learn, use and enjoy. And may your weapon last as long as possible.

The table above shows the data of a standard PM pistol when using general-purpose cartridges with a steel or lead core

Makarov pistol (PM)

In the territory former USSR, almost every man is familiar with the appearance of a Makarov pistol. It is not surprising, because there is not a single pistol more common in the post-Soviet space than the PM.

The pistol was finally developed in 1948, and since 1951 it began to flood both the army and law enforcement agencies, replacing heavy and hefty TT pistols, which, moreover, were very unreliable and did not provide sufficient stopping power due to high speed bullets and relatively small caliber. Bullets from a TT pistol simply pierced the enemy, who sometimes did not even notice it right away and managed to perform undesirable actions (for example, shoot back). Also, the TT pistol was deprived of the possibility of self-cocking, before the first shot it was necessary to cock the trigger manually.

The Makarov pistol was also widely used in illegal armed groups, and even among ordinary bandits. Now this weapon is mainly observed among policemen and the same bandits.

Nikolai Fyodorovich Makarov

Initially, back in the forties of the last century, the PM was developed under the 9x18 cartridge, but that was not it, the basis was the German 9x18 Ultra cartridge. This cartridge was a less powerful ammunition than required, and domestic weapons designers began to create a new pistol cartridge, which was supposed to be as powerful as possible for use in a pistol with a free cartridge. This cartridge was the Soviet cartridge 9x18, and the most common pistol for this cartridge subsequently became the Makarov pistol. The German cartridge 9x18 "Ultra" was not a copy of the domestic cartridge 9x18, it could not be loaded into the PM due to the slightly larger nominal caliber of the Makarov pistol.

Prototype of the 1947 Makarov pistol of the year

Makarov pistol, experimental model 1949

A pistol of the Makarov system produced in the 70s, the same is in service with domestic law enforcement and armies. cocked

Makarov pistol and 8-round magazine

The development of the pistol was completed by Nikolai Fedorovich Makarov in 1948, in 1949 a prototype chambered for the new Soviet cartridge 9x18 mm was submitted to the competition, which in all respects was recognized as the best among the pistols submitted to the competition in all respects. After minor modifications, this pistol was put into service. Soviet army and the police in 1951. The pistol allows you to fire in semi-automatic mode, that is, for each next shot, you must pull the trigger. The main advantages of PM are its wide distribution and reliability of operation.

Diagram of a Makarov pistol

The trigger mechanism of the Makarov pistol is double-action, that is, before the first shot, you can cock the trigger manually and shoot with a softer trigger and with a very short trigger stroke, from which the hit accuracy will be much higher. After this shot, the automation of the pistol will cock the trigger with each next shot by rolling back the shutter casing, so each subsequent shot, or rather the pull on the trigger and the stroke of the hook, will be the same.

If you shoot self-cocking, if the cartridge is already in the chamber, you need to pull the trigger, but the trigger stroke will be longer and more difficult. After all, with self-cocking, by effort index finger on the trigger, it is necessary to cock the trigger by compressing the mainspring, after which, having reached extreme point, the trigger will break and hit the striker.

Therefore, such a trigger mechanism is called self-cocking, double action (either we cock the trigger manually, or by pressing the trigger, using physical force.)

The self-cocking system allows you to cock the mainspring by pressing the trigger, pull the trigger back and fire, under the influence of one finger press on the trigger.

In other words, this means that if the cartridge is in the chamber, you can immediately shoot without unnecessary manipulation. Just do not forget about the fuse, which must be turned off by moving the fuse box from top to bottom, unless, of course, the weapon is on the fuse (according to the rules for handling weapons and according to all service instructions, with the exception of certain cases, the cartridge should not be in the chamber and the weapon should be on the fuse).

The operation of automation is based on a free shutter. In more detail it looks like this. By pressing the trigger, we release the spring-loaded trigger (if it is already cocked), which hits the striker, and the striker, in turn, hits the cartridge igniter primer. Then a shot occurs, the powder gases between the bullet and the sleeve press in both directions, the bullet moves forward along the barrel, and the sleeve, under the influence of these gases, begins to move the bolt back, which is held back by a return spring on the back side. Overcoming the resistance of the spring, the bolt carrier begins to move backward (the bullet has already flown out of the barrel). The ejector, located on the bolt frame near the extraction window, hooking the sleeve on the groove, by means of a reflector, ejects the sleeve from the pistol, making room in the chamber for a new cartridge. The bolt frame, having reached the rearmost point, cocks the trigger, after which, under the influence of a return spring, the casing-bolt begins to move forward, simultaneously driving a new cartridge from the magazine into the chamber and locking it. Now the weapon is ready for a new shot, the hammer is cocked, the cartridge is in the chamber.

Scheme of the automatic pistol, based on the recoil of the free shutter Such a scheme is good for pistols using low-power cartridges, but in the case of more powerful ammunition, other automation schemes are usually used. The reason for this approach is the free shutter. With a powerful cartridge, such a system can fail.

Comrade Makarov is quite often, and very vainly, accused of licking his pistol off Walter RR/RRK. The incomplete disassembly scheme is similar, it's a fact appearance is also very similar.

Walther RRK / S, the most natural, not pneumatic and not traumatic, though licensed, made in the USA. Caliber 9 mm, the gun works with the cartridge .380 ACP (9 mm Kurz)

But inside, differences begin, and the fundamental ones, the design and execution of parts differ significantly. The blowback recoil operation is used on hundreds, if not thousands, of pistol models, so we will omit this moment of identity between the PMa and Walter RR / RRK. The return spring worn on the barrel is also not know-how; Browning began to use it in this way at the beginning of the 20th century. In general, the main feature of the Makarov pistol, which distinguishes it from most of its counterparts, is a lamellar mainspring located along the rear wall of the handle. It performs several functions at once. With its lower part, it springs the magazine latch, is, in fact, a mainspring that acts on the trigger for a shot, a wide spring feather rebounds the trigger after a shot, after releasing the trigger, a narrow feather of the same spring propelled the trigger rod back, which was necessary for setting trigger on the safety platoon. Here is such a tricky spring. It is claimed that it performs 7 functions. In the Walters RR / RRK, there was nothing even close to that. In the Makarov pistol, through many unifications, it was possible to reduce the number of parts to thirty-two pieces.

This is the same multifunctional mainspring from the Makarov pistol, located in the back of the handle, parallel to the magazine Left - early version, which turned out to be rather weak, on the right - later The problem of spring weakness was solved by increasing the width (thickness) of the feather.
PM proved to be an easy-to-use and reliable melee weapon, quite convenient for permanent wear and possessing sufficient firepower, two or three hits in chest, or even limbs, will surely stop any intruder. Although there were exceptions. For confident use of the PM, you should spend some time on training, because the wide and relatively thin handle is not always comfortable for the hand normal man of medium build, with the result that, without definite experience, the mid-point of impact moves away from the point of aim. In order to avoid this, it is worth putting lining on the pistol grip (or making such lining yourself, adjusting it to your own ergonomics, and the effectiveness of shooting will increase significantly). For example, you can try to at least hold a PMM with a wider handle in your hands (or an air pistol “under Makar” MP-654K, the handle of which repeats the PMM handle). The difference in ergonomics and ease of aiming will be obvious. also in this moment you can purchase a plastic pad on the handle, which repeats the thickness and ergonomics of the PMM handle, and replace the standard PMA pad with it. Combat rate of fire is a loose concept, and is based on the principle: aim-fire. And the technical rate of fire in any case will not allow to fully justify itself in any self-loading pistol. This is a waste of ammunition, which is why here we do not indicate the rate of fire of semi-automatic weapons. The muzzle velocity of the bullets, in the case of using a standard 9x18 mm cartridge with an all-lead core or a steel core in a lead jacket, ranges from 300 to 330 m / s, depending on the manufacturer of the cartridge and on many other parameters. But there are 9x18 ammunition designed for PM, and with completely different characteristics (expansive, armor-piercing, reduced penetration, increased penetration, tracer, etc.). The most significant of the ammunition for the PM pistol is the 9x18 PBM cartridge with a pointed thin heat-strengthened core in an aluminum jacket (piercing bulletproof vests of the 2nd protection class), and the usual 9x18 cartridge with both a lead and a steel core. Cartridges with a lead-core bullet are mainly used in the police, because they give less ricochets, which is a very important factor in a peaceful city.

Cartridge 9x18 PBM and armor-piercing bullet from it

Cartridge 9x18 PBM with an armor-piercing bullet in the section.

Standard cartridge 9x18

Scheme of a standard 9x18 cartridge with a steel mushroom core

We will omit here such textbook indicators as the range of a shot of 350 m and effective range 50 m, because all this is not applicable to this type of weapon, and most importantly - to real life, if you do not take into account thoughtful shooting at a shooting range, or professionals of the highest classification, or amateurs to talk supported by hallucinogenic substances.

Be that as it may, the Makarov pistol has established itself as a very reliable weapon, which practically does not fail due to the fault of the design. The PM, in comparison with the pistols of the time when it was adopted by the Soviet Army and for about twenty years, was quite compact and convenient. This is what has served as a factor influencing the use of PM in the police and the army so far. If desired, this pistol can be shot quite accurately, at least at pistol distances, from 5 to 25 meters, the PM shows itself very well if it is in the hands of a shooter with sufficient experience. Many fighters can hit the PMa to the head (or to a target the size of human head) offhand from a distance of 15-20 meters. The author of the article personally observed such practice.

After many complaints regarding the accuracy of the battle and the weakness of the main ammunition of the Makarov pistol, it was decided to create more powerful pistol. For these purposes, in the 90s of the last century, a competition was announced under the code name "Rook". The PMM pistol (Modernized Makarov Pistol), developed on the basis of the PMA at the time of the announcement of the competition, was presented to the competition, which provided sufficient power thanks to the new cartridge.

First of all, as it always happens, within the framework of the Rook competition, a cartridge for a new weapon was created. The new cartridge had the same basic metrics as the old one - 9x18 mm, but had a much greater energy, almost equal to Western 9x19 Parabellum pistol cartridges. In the new cartridge, the weight of gunpowder was increased, the bullet with a steel core became lighter than the old one by about 0.5 grams and weighed approximately 5.5 grams. The cartridge was assigned the index GRAU 7N16, it is often called the high-impulse cartridge 9x18 (which is quite true) and the cartridge 9x18 PMM.

High-impulse cartridge 9x18 7H16 and a bullet from it

Scheme of the cartridge 7N16. On the left - the cartridge as a whole, in the middle - a bullet, on the right - a steel core separately

A pistol was quickly designed for this cartridge - the same old PM, which is distinguished by a more powerful bolt carrier and increased strength of parts and mechanisms. This decision was dictated by considerations of saving material resources, since the production of PM pistols had long been mastered, and the new pistol practically did not differ structurally from its predecessor. The new more powerful pistol was named PMM (Makarov Pistol Upgraded), designer Shigapov also took part in its refinement.

Makarov Pistol Upgraded (PMM)

The main disadvantage of this weapon is its work of automation. If in an ordinary Makarov pistol, automation due to the recoil of the free shutter did not raise any questions, because the cartridge was relatively low-power, then the PMM pistol had the same work of automation, the recoil of the free shutter, but only the cartridge there was roughly one and a half times more powerful. At such pressures that affect the design of the pistol, which the 7N16 cartridge created, in most cases other principles of operation of automation are used in pistols, because the free shutter in the pistol justifies itself only when working with low-power cartridges. However, PMM inherited from the "grandfather" his work of automation - due to the return of the free shutter. This decision gave rise to a lot of disadvantages, the main of which is the incomplete realization of the capabilities of the cartridge, from which many negative nuances follow. But in order to unify production capacities with the PM pistol, the PMM pistol did not even bother to significantly lengthen the barrel and slow down the shutter recoil, which was simply necessary, but simply strengthened the design for more powerful ammunition. The only significant design difference of the PMM pistol is the screw grooves in the chamber, which somewhat slow down the movement of the bolt frame back after the shot.

Incomplete disassembly of the PM pistol

Incomplete disassembly of the PMM pistol

PMM has a box-shaped double-row magazine for 12 rounds, and can use both "native" high-impulse 7H16 cartridges and conventional 9x18 cartridges. But on the contrary, it is forbidden to shoot from an ordinary PMA with high-impulse 9x18 (7N16) cartridges intended for a PMM pistol. A simple PM may not withstand the pressures that are beyond its limits, which are issued by the 7N16 cartridge. Suffice it to say that a standard 9x18 cartridge develops a muzzle energy of about 300 J in the barrel of a Makarov pistol, and a 7N16 cartridge in the same barrel gives out about 500 J. This pressure is distributed to the shutter housing and other mechanisms of the pistol before the bullet leaves the barrel. Simply put, an ordinary PM can simply break from such ammunition.

However, the new pistol went into mass production, but according to some sources, only in the version under old cartridge 9x18 mm, out of fear of military officials that 7N16 cartridges would be used in conventional PMs and in APS pistols (Stechkin automatic pistol), which also could not withstand the energy of the new cartridge. But in addition to the PMM pistol, the 7N16 cartridge is quite suitable for use in some domestic submachine guns, where it fully realizes its potential.

But in the Rook competition, the PMM was not recognized as the best for the understandable reasons outlined above; the Yarygin pistol won the competition.

The effectiveness of the new pistol, of course, is incomparably higher than the effectiveness of the PM. When it hits an unprotected human body, the bullet of the 7N16 cartridge inflicts severe damage, which is provided, in addition to high speed and high muzzle energy of the bullet, by its design. The tip of the bullet is flat, from which the impact and shock effect are several times higher than the bullets of a conventional 9x18 cartridge. Also, this bullet design, in addition to the strongest stopping effect, also has a high penetrating ability. For example, bullets of the 7N16 cartridge with a 100% probability pierce bulletproof vests of the 1st protection class, which, according to GOST, should easily withstand hits by a bullet from a conventional 9x18 cartridge, both with a lead and with a steel core. Also, PMM is quite dangerous for bulletproof vests of the 2nd protection class, which can withstand shots from TT with a cartridge of 7.62x25. The masses of bullets of cartridges 7N16 and 7.62x25 are almost equal, their initial speeds are also almost identical. But 9 mm is still much larger than 7.62. Therefore, the barrier impact after hitting the bulletproof vest can exceed the GOST standards, it is also possible to break through the bulletproof vest of the 2nd class from the PMM. Indeed, according to GOST, class 2 is tested with TT and PSM pistols, only a few manufacturers of personal protective equipment guarantee protection against PMM bullets.

The handle of the PMM pistol, due to the placement of a more capacious 12-round magazine in it, has become thicker and much more convenient. The efficiency of shooting from PMM even with conventional 9x18 cartridges is significantly higher, because a thicker and more ergonomic handle provides a higher accuracy of battle.

The performance characteristics of the PMM:

Caliber - 9 mm

Barrel length - 93.5 mm

Overall length - 165 mm

Width - 34 mm

Weight with cartridges - 0.86 kg

Magazine capacity - 12 rounds

Muzzle velocity - 420 m/s

After installing the magazine and sending the cartridge into the chamber, the pistol can be put on the fuse. In this case, the trigger withdrawn from the drummer, the trigger withdrawn forward, and the shutter are blocked. Put on the fuse, the PM is ready to wear. The fuse box, which is located on the bolt in the rear on the left side, must be moved down before firing. The trigger will be on the safety cocking, the PM will become ready to fire by self-cocking.

The first pull of the trigger requires more effort - about 3.5 kg, as the trigger is cocked. With subsequent shots, a little effort is needed - about one and a half kilograms. The cocking of the hammer after the pistol is released from the safety can be done manually to make the shot more accurate. The trigger can be removed from the cocking - it must be held with the thumb and the trigger pulled.

After all the cartridges are used up, the shutter is set to the shutter delay - you can remove it using the lever on the frame on the left side. The Makarov pistol cartridge with a caliber of 9 mm consists of the following parts: cartridge case, primer, powder charge, bullet. Outside, near the bottom of the sleeve, there is a groove for the ejector hook. The charge is smokeless pyroxylin powder. The Makarov pistol bullet is a bimetallic (clad) shell with a pressed steel core. The bullet and steel core are separated by a lead jacket.



Disassembly and assembly of the Makarov PM Pistol

Disassembly of the Makarov pistol can be complete and incomplete. Partial disassembly of the gun should be used for regular cleaning, lubrication and inspection. To do this, follow these steps in the order listed:

1. Removing the magazine from the base of the handle;

2. Removing the gun from the fuse;

3. Lowering the trigger guard down and moving it to the left;

4. Separation of the shutter from the frame;

5. Return of the trigger guard in place;

6. Removing the return spring from the barrel.

To assemble the pistol after incomplete disassembly, it is necessary to perform the above steps in reverse order.

A complete disassembly of the PM should be used in cases where you need to clean the gun from severe contamination - for example, when it was in the rain or in snow, and also when you switch to a new lubricant or make repairs. For complete disassembly you need:

1. Carry out incomplete disassembly of the gun;

2. Separate the sear and slide delay from the frame;

3. Separate the handle from its base and the mainspring from the frame;

4. Separate the trigger from the frame;

5. Separate the trigger rod with the cocking lever from the frame;

6. Separate the trigger from the frame;

7. Separate the fuse and striker from the bolt;

8. Separate the ejector from the shutter;

9. Disassemble the store.



To reassemble the gun after complete disassembly, follow all steps in reverse order.

You should not often make a complete disassembly and assembly of the gun, as this leads to wear of its elements.

Pistol characteristics (TTX)

The technical characteristics of the Makarov pistol are as follows:

Its weight without cartridges is 0.73 kg, the loaded pistol weighs 0.81 kg.

The length of the pistol in millimeters is 161.5, including the length of the barrel - 93.5. Width and height - 30.5 and 126.75 respectively.

This is a pistol with a combat rate of fire of 30 rounds per minute. The muzzle velocity of the bullet is 315 meters per second.

Characteristics of the PM in relation to the firing range, in meters: aiming - 50, maximum - up to which the bullet retains its lethal effect - 350. The pistol has an open sight.

The standard Makarov pistol magazine holds 8 rounds.

To find out exactly how many rounds in the magazine, pay attention to the modification of the PM, as this number may vary. The Makarov pistol uses a 9x18 mm PM cartridge. The caliber of the Makarov pistol for rifling is 9.27 ± 0.075; in the fields - 9.00 ± 0.06. The barrel has 4 grooves with a width of 4.5 ± 0.2 mm, the groove pitch is 260 ± 20 mm. The cartridge has a weight of 10 g, the bullet is 6.1 g. The length of the cartridge is 25 mm. For firing from PM cartridges with conventional or tracer bullets can be used. Pistol fire is carried out by single shots.

Indicating the performance characteristics of the Makarov pistol, it is worth noting its good accuracy. If you shoot at 25 meters using standard 57-N-181 cartridges, the dispersion radius of R100 is at the level of 75 mm. When shooting at 50 meters, this figure is 160 mm, at 10 meters - only 35 mm. To check the fight of a pistol, shooting at 25 in a black circle with a diameter of 25 cm is used, which is mounted on a shield, the height of which is 1 m and a width of 50 cm. The accuracy of the battle is normal if 4 holes are within the boundaries of a 15 cm circle. At the same time, to meet the requirements, it is necessary that the average point of impact deviates from the control by a maximum of 5 cm.






Buy a Makarov pistol in Ukraine

Today, you can buy a Makarov pistol only if you have a weapon permit in your hands. Pneumatic Makarov does not require permits - you can buy it without even leaving your home. Moreover, there is no need to search for a long time on the net where it is more profitable to buy a Makarov pistol and how much a Makarov pistol costs. To buy "Makarov" of various versions, you just need to go to our website. In the website catalog, you can select a weapon by marking the characteristics you need - for example, the type of pistol, caliber, type of cocking, handle material, type of ammunition, muzzle velocity, magazine capacity.

Here you can evaluate the cost of the selected Makarov pistol of a particular manufacturing company and stop at the best option for you. Our site is a simple solution for those who want to buy a Makarov combat pistol and its other versions - including the pneumatic PM - MP-654K. The price of a Makarov pistol in Ukraine may differ, given the modification of the pistol, but on the site you can always compare prices for a pistol of a particular model.

The Makarov pistol is the first small arms developed by the Soviet Union after the end of the Second World War. Designer N.F. Makarov created a weapon that since 1951 has become an integral part of the country's armed forces. Now new pistols have already been created, which are much more powerful, faster and more convenient, but the Makarov pistol has already taken its rightful place in history.

The history of the creation and development of the Makarov pistol model

In 1945 the Ministry of Defense Soviet Union began selection for the design and creation of a pistol caliber 7.65 mm or 9 mm.

The best developers of the USSR expressed their desire to try their hand at the competition. Nikolai Fedorovich Makarov also confirmed his participation. Also, for comparison of characteristics, foreign models of pistols were included in the competition. famous brands: Walter, Mauser, Sauer, Beretta.

When developing the project, N.F. Makarov took as a basis the presence of a smaller number of parts than in existing existing models.

The proposed Makarov project consisted of 30 constituent parts, with some of the main parts of the PM performing several functions at once. For example, the main spring of a pistol could perform seven operations.

Nikolai Fedorovich paid great attention to the main problem of small arms of his time - frequent stops in shooting. Thanks to non-standard solutions, this problem was solved.

By the beginning of 1947, Makarov had decided on the concept of the pistol, having worked through every detail. In October 1947, field tests of the pistols that took part in the competition began. The samples presented by the designers Makarov and Sevryugin passed to the second stage of selection.

According to the assessment of additional parameters, the choice of the employees of the state commission fell on the project of the pistol by N. F. Makarov.

At the end of the 40s, after eliminating all the flaws and making changes to the design of the pistol, new tests were carried out. The gun was presented to the commission already in the completed design. Based on the results of the shooting, the commission members noted the simplicity and reliability of the pistol when used in real combat conditions. Shooting showed high accuracy. From a distance of 50 meters, the bullets hit the target with an accuracy of 16 cm in diameter. The pistol was 34 mm shorter than its predecessor, the TT pistol, and weighed 230 grams lighter.

Assessing the high performance of the pistol, the commission recommended that the pistol be adopted, which was done in 1951.

Weapons were exported to countries of Eastern Europe, Asia and some African countries.

Since 2003, the Makarov has been officially withdrawn from the Russian Armed Forces and replaced by the Yarygin pistol.

For 60 s extra years the pistol has acquired a real cult status and has become a collector's item for many domestic and foreign connoisseurs of weapons.

I think it is necessary to say a few words about the inventor himself. Nikolai Fedorovich Makarov was born on May 22, 1914 in Sasovo Ryazan region. Father - Fedor Vasilyevich Makarov. Mother - Pelageya Vasilievna Makarova.

In addition to Nikolai, 5 children were still brought up in the family. Having completed his studies at primary school, Nikolai continued his studies at the School of Railway Transport in Ryazan. After graduating from the school, he continued to work as a foreman in one of the depots of the Kazan Railway.

1936 - the beginning of studies at the Mechanical Institute in Tula, where many designers of the USSR studied in the field of military equipment.

By the beginning of World War II, training was carried out according to an accelerated program. He was given an engineering diploma and was transferred to the Zagorsk plant, where at that time the PPSh-41 Shpagin machine gun was produced.

Simultaneously with work at the plant, Nikolai Fedorovich was engaged in a dissertation, which he successfully defended in 1944. After the end of the war, he was transferred to Design Bureau No. 14 in Tula, where he worked all his life.

• 1952, 1967 - Mosin Prize;
• 1966 - Order of the Red Banner of Labor;
• 1971 - Order of Lenin;
• 1974 - awarded the title of "Hero of Socialist Labor".

Design features

The Makarov Pistol (PM) is a medium caliber pistol with a fixed body. In recoil designs, the only force holding the bolt closed is the force of the return spring. When firing, the barrel and bolt do not need to be unlocked, as pistols with a lockable breech do. The PM device is simple and with finely tuned parts, compared to designs using a coiled or articulating barrel.

The PM is considered one of the best compact self-defense pistols of its time. When interacting with the enemy up to 50 meters, this is a reliable, accurate self-defense weapon.

The Makarov is an all-metal pistol. The safety lever is located on the left side of the shooter. In safe mode, you can move down from the cocked position, after which the hammer, sear is fixed.

The outer hammer can be manually cocked for exact first shot in single action mode or can be cocked in automatic mode when a little more effort is required to pull the trigger.

The all-steel magazine holds 8 cartridges (12 cartridges for PMM pistols), and after firing the last cartridge, the sliding stop remains in the open position. To remove it, you need to pull the lever on the left side of the frame down. The magazine latch is located at the bottom of the handle, but on some export versions (Baikal-442) a push-button magazine release is provided (the button is at the base of the trigger).

How to disassemble the gun:

1. Disconnect the magazine by pressing the magazine release button on the base of the handle and pull the magazine;
2. Check that the chamber is empty;
3. Pull the safety trigger down, then turn it sideways to lock it in the open position;
4. Raise the back of the cover and remove from the rails;
5. Carefully check the sliding movement forward and remove the barrel;
6. Remove the return spring from the barrel.

The principle of operation of the PM

The trigger mechanism is based on the principle of double action, when, after installing a magazine with cartridges, the trigger is pressed with force, then the hammer is cocked and the sear is released, and hits the drummer. There is a shot. After the shot, the body cover begins to move back, overcoming the force of the recoil spring.

Once the lid reaches its rearmost position, the ejector pin on the slip stop extends to the left rear of the empty case. The ejector tooth pushes the housing out of the ejection port. The bolt begins to move forward, removing the next cartridge from the magazine, pushing it into the chamber, thereby self-loading the pistol.

Finally, the latch enters the battery (full forward), the prong rises above the cartridge rim and snaps into place. The pistol is now ready to fire again. The disconnector prevents a second shot from being fired with the same trigger pull.

Subsequent shots are a single action, meaning that the hammer is already cocked and that the trigger action pushes the sear away from the hammer, thereby releasing the hammer.

The drummer is floating, without a return spring. This is a very simple mechanism that has been in operation for over 50 years. The other side of the hammer interacts with the sear in order to stop it at the bottom of its movement if the side of the hammer is damaged. This ensures that the pistol will not fire unless the trigger is pulled.

After the last shot is fired, the repeater tab on the magazine pushes up on the cover release and it locks into the rear position. The magazine should now be removed and a new one inserted.

When the trigger is pressed, the return spring pushes the slider forward, removing the first round of the magazine into the chamber, and the pistol is ready to fire in single action.

The safety can be easily removed by turning it clockwise past the "safe" position, turning away from the muzzle through an angle of about 120° and pulling it out. The safety also holds the firing pin in place, so care must be taken that the firing pin is not lost when the safety is removed.

The magazine consists of 4 main parts: housing, spring, pusher and plate. Its capacity is 8 rounds of caliber 9×18 mm PM. Magazines can get dirty, so they need to be cleaned periodically.

The magazine release button is located on the bottom of the pistol, near the bottom of the grip. To release the magazine, press the magazine release button down until the magazine drops slightly. You can pull out the store.

The barrel is fixed in the frame, and the pin ensures its return. The barrel can be changed to a different caliber or configuration.

Some Soviet (Russian) pistol models come with adjustable rear sights, while the original Makarov has a fixed rear sight. Although it is called "fixed", it can be moved left or right with with the help of a lung pressing.

Makarov consists of only 27 parts, which is significantly less than that of Walter, who has 42. The simplicity of the design of the pistol is a very ingenious invention of Makarov and allows the pistol to be disassembled with a small number of tools. Some parts are multifunctional. For example, the hammer spring also serves as a magazine release, the safety holds the firing pin in place, and the trigger also acts as an ejector. Below is a cheat sheet TTX PM 9mm, which is especially relevant for cadets of military schools.

TTX pistol Makarov

Ammunition used in PM

Before telling what ammunition was used in the PM, it is necessary to briefly outline the history of the appearance of the standard 9 × 18 cartridge.

The development of a new 9 mm cartridge began at the Experimental Design Bureau No. 44, which was headed by B.V. Semin. The shell from a standard cartridge (7.62 × 25) was taken as the basis. As a result of the test shooting ranges, a decision was made to reduce the length to 18 mm.

In 1947, they underwent development tests of new cartridges, marked in the documents as OP-1 cartridges. The test cartridges were compared with the cartridges of the TT pistol, as well as with the German 9x19 (Parabellum). As a result, after eliminating all the comments and shortcomings, the 9x18 mm cartridge was adopted in 1951.

In the 60s of the XX century, bullets with increased impact and armor-piercing characteristics were developed for KGB officers. However, more accurate information about the bullets used and the performance characteristics of the Makarov pistol in this modification is not freely available.

In the 90s, attempts were made to use cartridges with increased penetration in the PM. The results of such an experiment did not find support among military experts, especially since they had already developed and were working on cartridges of caliber 9x19 mm and 9x21 mm.

Advantages and disadvantages

Advantages:

• Simplicity of design;
• Reliability of the pistol;
• Light weight;
• The low cost of the pistol;
• Quality store.

Flaws:

• Strong recoil after a shot;
• The high cost of cartridges;
• You need to put more effort when pulling the trigger;
• There is no way to install optics.

Modifications based on PM

1. The most famous modification of the Makarov pistol is the PMM (modernized Makarov pistol). In 1990, a group of engineers redesigned the original design, primarily by increasing the load on the pistol's barrel. The result is a significant increase initial speed and creating 25% more gas pressure. The PMM magazine holds 12 rounds. The PMM can use existing 9.2x18mm cartridges. There are also minor changes in the ergonomics of the handle. Along with the Grach pistol, the PMM became the service pistol of the Russian Airborne Forces;

   TTX pistol PMM:

2. An experimental version of the Makarov pistol -TKB-023 was developed with a polymer frame to reduce the weight and cost of the weapon. It passed Soviet military testing during the Soviet era, but was never approved for production, due to concerns about the polymer's long-term storage and use properties;
3. IZH-70. Izhevsk Mechanical Plant (IMZ) produced a version of the PM pistol called IZH-70. This version was exported. The main difference between the IZH-70 and the standard Makarov pistol is an adjustable sight, made like a sports sight;
4. IZH-70-400. In 1993, the designers of the Izhevsk plant presented a new modification chambered for 9 × 19 mm (Parabellum). The main difference between the pistol is the slow unlocking of the barrel with the help of helical-ring grooves in the chamber;
5. Baikal IZH-79-8 - a modification of the standard Makarov pistol with an 8 mm barrel. The pistol is designed to fire gas cartridges.

All of the above weapons were produced on the territory of the USSR and Russia.

There are several Warsaw Pact countries that themselves began to produce their own pistols, which, by design, almost completely correspond to the characteristics and appearance Makarov pistol.

These countries include Poland, Hungary and Czechoslovakia. According to them, they themselves developed their own designs of pistols chambered for 9 × 18 mm.

Hungary developed the FEG PA-63, Poland the P-64 and P-83 Wanad, and Czechoslovakia the vz.82. These pistols are identical in principle of operation (direct recoil), the cartridge has the same caliber as the PM.

At the same time, they were already delivered to some countries as pistols made in Poland, Hungary or Czechoslovakia.

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alex---1967 10-06-2013 23:08

quote: And life is short...
And think that somewhere out there, in the great abysses Russian libraries lie
such plans for themselves and are waiting for their discoverer ...

I think YOU are wrong. The libraries do not receive drawings and other technical documentation.
Such documentation is kept by developers, factories and arsenals, and later - when removed from service -
part is burned (not representing historical value), part is handed over to the archives. Which archives
I don’t know, but I assume that most of it settles (settled) in the archives of the artillery museum.
Here is his official website, if you wish, you can ask: http://www.artillery-museum.ru/contact.html

I'm already in this thread
posted some scans quick reference for this archive.
Also, part of the documentation settled in the Russian State Military Archive (RGVA) for 1917-1940 - I posted information in the same topic.
And the documentation for 1941 and later should, it seems, settle in the archives of the Ministry of Defense.
Even in the RGVA, some of the documents are still classified, not to mention the archive of the Ministry of Defense, so not everything is so simple ..
It may be difficult for you to translate unrecognized scans, so I have located the most interesting and spread it in text form:

pages 44-45

5. Military District Artillery Directorate of the Manchurian Army (1900-1906). F. 19.
1.106. Manchurian army. 1900-1906 S65 unit ridge

6. Office of the Field Inspector General of Artillery (1916-1917). F. 20.
1.36. Upart. 1917-1918 75 units ridge
2.55/5. Office of the Field Inspector General of Artillery.
1916-1918 42 items

7. St. Petersburg District Warehouse for Firearms, f. 9.
1.85. St. Petersburg warehouse of firearms. 1861 -1918 268 items

8. Petrograd district warehouse of firearms of the Petrograd military district. F. 2r.
1. Petrograd district warehouse of firearms of the Petrograd military district. 1918-1923 144 units xp,

9. Main research artillery range. F.7r.
1. Cases transferred from the technical archive of the polygon. 1923-1939 1290 items
2. Cases transferred from the technical archive of the polygon. 1924 - 1938 41 items
3. Cases transferred from the technical archive of the polygon. 1925-1939 84 units ridge
4. Cases transferred from the technical archive of the polygon. 1902-1936981 items
5. Cases transferred from the technical archive of the polygon. 1909-1943 1315 items
6. Cases transferred from the technical archive of the polygon. 1877-1938 4854 items
7. Documentary materials received from military unit 33491.1894-1956. 818 units ridge
8. Scientific works of military unit 33491.1903-1947. 302 units xp,
9. Drawings of the technical archive of military unit 33491.1931-1951. 327 units ridge
10. Tracing paper of the technical archive of military unit 33491.1923-1956. 208 units ridge
11. Scientific works. 1939-1949 8 units ridge
12. Paperwork of the landfill, 1914-1951 it 185 items.

I0. Central Light Lithotypography of the State Agrarian University. F. 9r.
1. Central Light Lithotypography of the State Agrarian University (drawings and plans). 1918-1941 567 units,
2. Central Light Lithotypography of the State Agrarian University (drawings and tracing papers). 1918-1941 3797 units ridge

11. Nii-1. F.36r.
1.Reports on scientific topics. 1955-1957 12 units ridge
2. Materials on the history of domestic artillery. 37 units ridge

12. Central Scientific Research and Testing Institute of Communications. K.E. Voroshilov. F. 61r.
1. Materials of O.I., Repina. 6 pts, xr.
2. Materials on the history of TsNIIIS. Works on the history of the search for communication. 1969-1987 14 units ridge
3. Research work. 1939 -1963 7sd.hr.
4. Research reports on the development of telephone sets and radio stations. 1940-1948 38 items

Foundation of the Imperial Russian Military Historical Society

1. Imperial Russian Military Historical Society (1907-1917). F. 11.
1.95/1. Imperial Russian Military Historical Society 1907 1917 474 units ridge
2.95/2. Imperial Russian Military Historical Society. Ser. XIX century, - 1917 157 items.

Pages 52-53

12.102. Track records: GAU, Artkom, factories, schools, training ground, warehouses. 1849-1918 157 items
13.102/1. Service lists. 1876-1917 7 items

3. Monthly reports (1850-1913). F. 26.
1.1. Monthly reports. 1833-1916 668 ea. ridge
2.2. Monthly reports. 1850-1903 94 units ridge
3.3. Monthly reports. 1850-1912 4148 units ridge

4. Collection of drawings (XVII - early XX centuries). F. 27.
1. Tula arms factory. 1813-1916 47 units ridge
2. Tula arms factory (worker). 1813-1880 82 units ridge
3.6. Izhevsk arms factory. 1808-1913 368 units ridge
4. Kazan powder factory. 1819-1892 173 items
5. Kazan powder plant (worker). 1829-1885 17 items
6. Okhtensky powder plant (worker). 1803-1897 96 units ridge
7. Shosten powder factory (worker). 1826-1892 37 units ridge
8. St. Petersburg (work). 1803-1915 211 items
9. St. Petersburg Arsenal (work). 1806-1900 41 units ridge
10. Pyroxylin plant (work). 1896-beginning 20th century 2 items
11. St. Petersburg powder factory (worker). 1729-1877 2 units ridge
12. St. Petersburg Cartridge Plant (worker). 1884-1898 17 units ridge
13. Nadezhda plant (worker). 1915 2 items ridge
14. Yekaterinoslav equipment workshop. 1917 1 unit ridge
15. Demievsky shell factory (worker). 1917 6 items ridge
16. Brass factory (work). Con. XIX - beginning. XX centuries 8 units ridge
17. Pipe factories (work). 1912-1916 4 units ridge
18. Various factories (worker), 1808-1916 23 units ridge
19. Putdayuvsky plant (worker). 2nd floor 19th century 6 units ridge
20.3. Drawings of the XVIII-XIX centuries. (from department military history). 3 units ridge
21. Ammunition (working). 1833-1895 8 units ridge
22. Plans of areas and fortresses (work). 1781-1913 140 pcs.
23.4. Lithographed editions of drawings of the Russian artillery. 9 units xp,
24.4/1, Lithographed editions of drawings of Russian artillery. 7 units ridge
25.5. Albums of drawings of foreign artillery. 1 unit ridge
26.7. Maps and schemes of military operations. 1830-1916 177 items

27.7/1. Geographic Maps. 20th century 10 units ridge
28.7/2. Maps and schemes of military operations. Beginning 18th century - 1912 29 units. ridge
29.8. Drawings of edged weapons, 1731-1941. 44 units ridge
30.9. Drawings of small arms. Con. XVIII 30s 20th century 74 units ridge
31.9/1. Weapon, cartridges, bullets, rifles, hand grenades. 1811-1933 110 items
32.10. Vehicles. 1750-1917 319 units ridge
33.11. Smoothbore artillery ammunition. 1710-1860 215 units ridge
34.12. Rifled artillery ammunition. 1883-1915 313 items
35.13. Bomb throwers, mortars, grenade launchers, trench mortars and their ammunition. 1915-1917 85 pcs.
36.14. Rockets, pyrotechnics. 1746-1920 18 units ridge
37.15. Drawings of smoothbore guns XVI - perv. floor. 19th century 1703-1870 526 units ridge
38.16. Sestroretsk arms factory. 1779 - beginning. 20th century 111 pcs.
39.17. Storage equipment. 1823-1855 24 units ridge
40.18. Lighting. 1840-1915 17 units ridge
41. Armored vehicles. 1915 2 units ridge
42. Maps. Okhtensky powder factory. 1799-1910 101 units ridge
43. Maps. Shostensky powder factory. 1793 - beginning. 20th century 185 units ridge
44. Maps. Bryansk arsenal. 1837 - con. 19th century 17 units ridge
45. Maps. Kazan arsenal. 1816 - ser. 19th century 7 units ridge
46. ​​Kart.. Kyiv Arsenal. 1826-1910 9 units ridge
47. Maps. Moscow arsenal. 1837- ser. 19th century !3 units ridge
48. Maps. Different arsenals? 1. Con. XVIII - beginning. XX centuries 52 units ridge
49. Maps. Fortresses and fortifications? 1.1709-1913 526 units ridge
50. Maps. Fortresses and fortifications? 2.1763-1899 147 units ridge
51. Maps. Plans settlements. 1742-1898 109 units ridge
52. Maps. City plans. Ser. XVIII century - 1859 and units. ridge
53. Maps. Monuments. 1848-1857 4 units ridge
54. Maps. Arsenals? 2. 1809-1913 30 units ridge
55. Maps. Artillery parks. 1826-1859 6 units ridge
56. Maps. Artillery yards. 1825-1839 3 eat. ridge
57. Maps. Warehouses, shops. 1812-1863 9i units ridge
58. Maps. Polygons - Beginning 19th century - 1897 16 units. ridge
59. Maps. Barracks. 1825-1846 39 items ridge
60. Maps. Arenas. 1804 1 unit ridge

Regarding the slightly different sizes of individual parts - so, probably, changes were constantly made in the drawings.
And to collect drawings of all and all kinds of modifications - this is not enough for a whole life ...