German personal pronouns. Personal pronouns in German

Possessive pronouns answer the question "whose?" and denote belonging ( my answer; our work, etc.). As in Russian, all personal pronouns in German have corresponding possessives; they need to be remembered:

Note that ihr (Ihr) means both "ee" and "them" ("your").

In Russian, in addition to the listed possessive pronouns, there is one more possessive pronoun mine(own). It is "universal", i.e. can be used in place of any other possessive pronoun.

I visit their (=mine) parents every week. My friend often visits his (= his) parents. you visit his (=your) sick friend?

There is no such "universal" possessive pronoun in German. Therefore, the value "mine" in German conveyed by one of the above possessive pronouns, namely those which matches the person of the subject.

For example:

Ich besuche myine Eltern jede Woche. Mein Freund ( er) besucht seine Eltern oft. Besuchen Sie Ihren kranken Freund?

Task 1. Specify: a) in which of the following sentences does the Russian pronoun “own” correspond to the German ihr (Ihr):

1. She will finish her work in a month. 2. I haven't seen my sister for a long time. 3. Do you do your homework in the evening? 4. Oleg helps his family. 5. After college, friends will go to their native village.

b) what possessive pronouns should be used in other sentences.

Read more about possessive pronouns

Personal pronouns in German

Personal pronouns can be in a sentence not only the subject ( compare: Ich les Deutsch. Er sprichtgut.). They can also answer the questions “to whom?”, “whom?”, i.e. be a supplement. Their forms must be remembered:

Task 2. Indicate which personal pronouns in German can be used instead of the highlighted ones, and how the meaning of the following sentences will change:

1. Geben Sie mir bitte dies Buch! 2. Ich sehe Sie oft in der Bibliothek.

Pay attention to the fact that in Russian there are personal pronouns of the 3rd person that answer the question “whom?” ( him, ee, them) coincide with possessive ( him, ee, them).

I see his often ( whom? - "his" - personal pronoun ).

I see often his sister ( whose sister? - "his" - possessive pronoun ).

There is no such coincidence in German.

I see his often. - Ich sehe ihn oft.

I see often his sister. - Ich sehe seine Schwester oft.

Therefore the words "his", "ee", "them" in various functions correspond different words German language:

him - whom? - ihn, whose? - sein
ee - whom? - sie, whose? - ihr
them - whom? - sie, whose? - ihr

Task 3. Indicate which sentences should be used when translating: a) pronoun sie; b) pronoun ihr:

1. My sister Olga and her husband Nikolay live in Moscow. 2. I love her very much. 3. She has been working at the school for many years. 4. Their children - Misha and Tanya - are already big. 5. They have their own families. 6. Now I often see them.

Keys to tasks on the topic "Possessive and personal pronouns in German"

1. a) 1; 3; 5. b) mein; 4. sein.

2.1.ihm; ihr; uns; ihnen. 2. ihn; dich; sie; euch.

This lesson covers the following topics: Personal and indefinite pronouns, relative and reflexive pronouns. This course is designed to help you learn grammar and vocabulary. Try to concentrate on the following examples as they are very important for learning the language.

Pronouns

Grammar Tips:
Prepositions in expressions for time and place, demonstrative pronouns are very important to study because they are used in everyday communication. Try to memorize the available new words. Try also to write down words that you do not understand or expressions that you are not familiar with.

The following table shows some examples, please read them carefully and see if you can understand them.

You are done with the first table. Did you notice any grammatical patterns? Try to use the same words in different sentences.

Pronouns - Expressions

The following table will help you understand this topic in more depth. It is important to memorize any new words you come across because you will need them later.

We hope this lesson helped you with grammar and vocabulary.

In this lesson, we will talk about pronouns again. Like nouns, they are also inflected for cases. To say "me", "you", "him", etc., carefully study the table.

Declension of personal pronouns

The genitive case of pronouns is practically not used, phrases requiring these forms are considered obsolete.

Pronouns in German are used to replace a noun that has already named an object.
For example:
Ich habe eine Schwester. Sie ist klug. - I have a sister. She's smart.
Das ist ein Telefon. Er arbeiten nothing. - This is a phone. He does not work.

Remember! Not all pronouns are used exactly the way we are used to using them in Russian. Many German verbs require a specific case of nouns or pronouns after them.

For example, the verb danken - to thank, which requires the dative case, and not the accusative, as in Russian: Ich danke die für alles. “I thank you for everything.

Declension of possessive pronouns

No less important in the language are possessive pronouns that answer the questions “whose? whose? whose?". Possessive pronouns once evolved from the genitive form of personal pronouns. The table will help you verify this.

The possessive pronouns "sein" and "ihr", which correspond to the personal pronouns "er" and "sie", can be translated into Russian as his/her or "his". This feature also applies to the translation of other pronouns.

For example:
Das ist seine Wohnung. Er wohnt in seiner Wohnung. - This is his apartment. He lives in his apartment.
Das ist mein Buch. Ich lese mein Buch. - It is my book. I am reading my book.

All possessive pronouns are declined in cases, receiving the same endings as the articles. Consider this rule on the example of the pronoun "mein".

Now do some exercises to consolidate what you have learned.

Tasks for the lesson

Exercise 1. Translate into German the personal pronouns in brackets.
1. Ich liebe (you).
2. Ich gebe (to you) meine Telefonnummer.
3. Sie hasse (him).
4. Sie versteht (me)?
5. Ich verstehe (you are a polite form) nicht.
6. Ich zeige (im) die Fotos.
7. Mein Freund dankt (me).
8. Sag (to him) bitte deine Adresse.
9. Hilfst du (to us)?
10. Sie sagt es (us -2 l. pl.) uns.

Exercise 2. Translate into German the possessive pronouns in brackets. Pay attention to the case and gender of the noun.
1. Sie ist (my) Freundin.
2. Wir lieben (our) Stadt.
3. (his) Schwester ist Studentin.
4. (Their) Wohnung ist teuer.
5. Wo ist (your) Haus?
6. Er schreibt (to his own - dat.p.) Bruder einen Brief.
7. (Yours) Kleid ist sehr schön.
8. Er fragt (her) über die Schule.
9. Wir verkaufen (our) Auto.
10. Die Mutter liest das Buch Tochter.

Answers to exercise 1.
1. Ich liebe dich.
2. Ich gebe dir meine Adresse.
3. Sie hasse ihn.
4. Sie versteht mich.
5. Ich verstehe Sie nicht.
6. Ich zeige sie die Fotos.
7. Mein Freund dankt mir.
8. Sag ihm bitte deine Adresse.
9. Hilfst du euch? 10. Sie sagt es uns.

Answers to exercise 2.
1. Sie ist meine Freundin.
2. Wir lieben unsere Stadt.
3. Seine Schwester ist Studentin.
4. Ihre Wohnung ist teuer.
5. Wo ist dein Haus?
6. Erschreibt ihrem Bruder einen Brief.
7. Dein Kleid ist sehr schön.
8. Er fragt sie über die Schule.
9. Wirverkaufen unser Auto.
10. Die Mutter liest das Buch ihrer Tochter.

Meaning pronouns in German very large. Often they can be replaced by a noun, adjective, numeral, article. In a sentence, a pronoun can be the subject. Pronouns are used to form interrogative or impersonal sentences, negation. This topic is quite extensive and requires in-depth study. master pronouns in German table will help.

Personal pronouns in German

Personal pronomen

_________
* Sie - polite form you

Declension of personal pronouns

For example:

Ich warte auf dich. I'm waiting for you.
Ich (I) - nominative case.
Dich (you) is the accusative case of the pronoun du (you).

Ihm gefällt Deutschland. He likes Germany.
Ihm (him) is the dative case of the pronoun er (he).

Possessive pronouns

Possessive pronoun in German- is nothing but Genitive(Genetiv) personal pronouns. It is formed as follows:

For example:

Ich liebe deine Schwester. I love your sister.
Ich is a personal pronoun.
Deine is a possessive pronoun.

Indefinite pronouns in German

TO indefinite pronouns include such pronouns as: jemand, etwas, einer, mancher, alles, irgendein and others. This group also includes the indefinite personal pronoun man. In a sentence, they act as the subject or object (everything except man, which is only the subject).

For example:

Alles ist in Ordnung. Everything is fine.
Sie muss etwas undern. She must change something.
Man kann dieses Fahrrad reparieren. This bike can be fixed.

Relative pronouns in German

Performing the function of a union word, relative pronouns are used in complex sentences.

Das ist die Frau, deren Auto vor dem Haus steht. This is a woman whose car is parked in front of the house. This is a woman whose car is parked in front of the house.

Relative pronouns include: wer, was, welcher, der. The pronouns der, das, die are formed as follows:

Demonstrative pronouns in German

IN German sentence demonstrative pronouns most often act as a definition, however, in some cases, they can take on the role of a subject or object. The majority of demonstrative pronouns are declined in the same way as the definite article.

Demonstrative pronouns in German include:
Dieser(this), der(That), jener(That), Solcher(such), derselbe(the same), selbst(himself), etc.

For example:

Dieses Buch macht mir spas. This book gives me pleasure.
Dieses (this one) - demonstrative pronoun, cf., im.p.
Mir (to me) - personal pronoun, dat.pad. from ich.

The topic "Pronouns in German" is very extensive. In this article, we have considered only some of the most basic types of pronouns and how to decline them.

With pronouns, they begin to learn German, this is necessary in order to achieve a quick immersion in both the language itself and colloquial grammar.

Unfortunately, the variety of pronouns in German causes some difficulties for many students. The purpose of this article is to explain and show how some pronouns differ from others.

A pronoun is a part of speech that refers to things but does not name them. Pronouns replace or accompany a noun. German has the following pronouns: personal, possessive, demonstrative, interrogative, relative, indefinite, reciprocal, reflexive, and impersonal es.

In this article, we will take a closer look at personal and possessive pronouns.

Pronouns

German personal pronouns

(Personal pronomen) point to a person or thing.

Note! The polite form Sie/You in German matches in its grammatical forms with the pronoun sie/they of the 3rd person plural.

This fact that many pronouns coincide in form but have different meanings often leads to great confusion. Later I will give some examples to illustrate.

Personal pronouns change in cases (decline). You can see the declination in the table below.

The table contains other cases of coincidence of personal pronouns. For example, uns can mean us or us. If there is any doubt about how to translate the pronoun correctly, then you can always ask a question to the pronoun and find your bearings.

Example: Martin sieht uns jeden Tag. (Martin sees us every day.) Wen sieht Martin jeden Tag? (Who does Martin see every day?) Question wen? corresponds to the accusative case (Akkusativ). The pronoun in this sentence is translated us.

German possessive pronouns

(Possesivpronomen) denote the belonging of the defined word to someone or something.

Let's look at possessive pronouns. In Russian, the pronoun mine may indicate belonging different persons. In German, each personal pronoun has its own possessive pronoun.

Possessive pronouns are associated as a definition with a noun and agree with it in gender, number and case using case endings

Possessive pronouns are declined in the singular as indefinite article, and in the plural - as a definite article.