GOST 21.501-93

INTERSTATE STANDARD

SYSTEM OF DESIGN DOCUMENTS FOR CONSTRUCTION

EXECUTION RULES
ARCHITECTURAL AND CONSTRUCTION
WORKING DRAWINGS

INTERSTATE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL COMMISSION
ON STANDARDIZATION AND TECHNICAL REGULATION
IN CONSTRUCTION (MNTKS)

Preface

1 DEVELOPMENT of the Academy of Sciences by the Central Research and Design Experimental Institute for Methodology of Organization, Economics and Design Automation (TsNIIproekt), Design Institute (Promstroyproekt), Design Institute No. 2 (PI-2), Central Research and Design Institute Institute of Individual Experimental Housing Design TsNIIEPZhilishcha) INTRODUCED by the Ministry of Construction of Russia2 ACCEPTED by the Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization and Technical Regulation in Construction on November 10, 1993. The following voted for the adoption of the standard:

INTERSTATE WITH TA NDART

Date of introduction 1994-09-01

This standard establishes the composition and rules for the design of architectural and construction working drawings (architectural solutions and building structures *, including working documentation for construction products **), buildings and structures for various personal purposes. _____________ * A building structure is understood as a part of a building, a structure for a certain functional purpose (building frame, covering, flooring, etc.), consisting of elements that are interconnected in the process of performing construction work. ** A building product is understood as an element of a building structure (column, truss, beam, floor slab, wall panel, reinforcement frame, etc.), manufactured outside the place of its installation.

1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

2. BASIC SET OF WORKING DRAWINGS OF ARCHITECTURAL SOLUTIONS

Interior finishing list

Area, m2

Explication of premises

List of jumpers

2.4. Sections and facades2.4.1. The contour lines of structural elements in the section are shown as a solid thick main line, visible contour lines that do not fall into the section plane are shown as a solid thin line.2.4.2. The following are applied to sections and facades: 1) coordination axes of the building (structure), passing in characteristic places of the section and facade (extreme, at expansion joints, load-bearing structures, in places of height difference, etc.), with dimensions determining the distances between them (only on sections) and the total distance between the extreme axes; 2) marks and character studying the location of elements of non-existing and enclosing structures in height, 3) dimensions and height references of openings, holes, niches and nests in walls and partitions shown in sections; 4) positions (marks) of building (structure) elements not indicated on the plans. The types of filling of window openings and the material of individual sections of walls that differ from the main materials are also indicated on the facades. It is allowed to indicate the types of window openings on floor plans; 5) designations of nodes and fragments of sections and facades. Examples of making sections are given in Appendix 4, facades and their fragments - in Appendix 5.2.5. Plans of floors and roofs (roofs) 2.5.1 The following are applied to the floor plans: 1) coordination axes: extreme ones, at expansion joints, along the edges of areas with various design and other features and with dimensional references of such areas; 2) designations of floor slopes ;3) type of flooring. Indications of floor types are placed in a circle with a diameter of 7 mm; 4) marks in places where the floors differ. The walls of the building (structure) and partitions on the floor plans are depicted as one solid thick main line. On the floor plans, elements of the building (structure) and devices affecting floor structure (gate and door openings, expansion joints, channels, ladders, etc.), boundaries of areas with different designs floor. Expansion joints are depicted by two thin solid lines, the boundaries of floor sections are shown by dotted lines. 2.5.2. Floor plans may be combined with floor plans.2.5.3. For the floor plans, an explication of the floors is drawn up in form 4. An example of the implementation of the floor plan is given in Appendix 6.

Explication of floors

3. BASIC SET OF WORKING DRAWINGS OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

Steel consumption sheet, kg

Continuation of the statement

3.2. The general data on working drawings, in addition to the information provided for by GOST 21.101, includes: 1) information about the loads and impacts adopted for the calculation of the structures of a building or structure; 2) information about the soils (foundations), the level and nature of the soil water, freezing depth *; 3) instructions on measures to prepare for foundations and on special conditions for the work *; 4) information on measures for anti-corrosion protection of structures (in the absence of the main set of working drawings of grade A3); 5) instructions on activities during work in winter. 3.3. Layout diagrams of structural elements3.3.1. On the layout diagram of structural elements (hereinafter referred to as the layout diagram), structural elements and connections between them are indicated in the form of simple or simplified graphic images. 3.3.2. The layout diagram is carried out for each group of structural elements related to the conditions and sequence of construction work. Examples: 1. Layout of foundation elements and foundation beams.2. Layout of basement wall blocks (basement block wall layout).3. Layout of columns, column connections, crane beams. _____________ * Provided if they are not included in the technical requirements for the layout of foundation elements.4. Layout of trusses (beams).5. Layout of wall panels and partitions. 3.3.3. The layout diagram is made in the form of plans, facades or sections of the corresponding structures, with a simplified image of the elements. 3.3.4. The following are applied to the layout diagram: 1) the coordination axes of the building (structure), the dimensions that determine the distances between them and between the extreme axes, the dimensional reference of the axes or surfaces of structural elements to the coordination axes of the building (structure) or, if necessary, to other structural elements, other required dimensions; 2) marks of the most characteristic levels of structural elements; 3) positions (marks) of structural elements; 4) designations of units and fragments; 5) data on permissible installation loads. 3.3.5. Identical positions (marks) of sequentially located structural elements on the layout diagram may be applied only at the ends of the row, indicating the number of positions. 3.3.6. The layout of wall panels with a multi-tier arrangement of panels within a floor is carried out in the plane of the walls in the view, with one arrangement - in plan. 3.3.7 In the name of the layout diagrams, if necessary, information is given that determines the position of the structure in the building (structure). It is allowed to assign serial numbers to layout diagrams. Example: Layout of floor elements at elevation. 7,200 between axes 1 - 15, B - D (diagram 1).3.3.8. Marks are placed on the layout diagram for installation in the design position of structural elements that have an asymmetrical arrangement of embedded products and other distinctive features. Examples of the implementation of layout diagrams for elements of prefabricated structures are given in Appendix 10.3.3.9 If a monolithic reinforced concrete structure consists of several elements (beams , slabs, etc.), for each of which separate reinforcement schemes are performed, then these elements are assigned positional designations or marks in accordance with the drawing. 1.

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3.3.10. The technical requirements for the layout diagram, if necessary, provide instructions on the installation procedure, embedding of seams, and requirements for installation connections. 3.3.11. Working drawings of reinforcement and embedded products developed for monolithic reinforced concrete structures as independent documents are not included in the main set of working drawings, but are recorded in the list of references and attached documents in the “Attached Documents” section. 3.3.12. The following are applied to the reinforcement diagram of a monolithic reinforced concrete structure: 1) the coordination axes of the building (structure); 2) the contours of the structures - a solid thick main line; 3) the dimensions that determine the position of the reinforcement and embedded products and the thickness of the protective layer of concrete. Reinforcement and embedded products in the diagram are depicted with a very thick solid line. If necessary, clamps are indicated on the diagram to ensure the design position of the reinforcement. 3.3.13. The following simplifications are used in the reinforcement diagram: 1) frames and meshes are depicted with a contour in accordance with the drawing. 2;2) to ensure correct installation of asymmetrical frames and meshes in the design position, only they are indicated characteristics, (diameter of rods of different diameters, etc.) in accordance with the drawing. 3; 3) if a reinforced concrete structure has several sections with evenly spaced identical frames or meshes, then their contours are drawn on one of the sections, indicating the position numbers and in brackets the number of products for this position. In the remaining areas, only positions are indicated and in brackets - the number of products of this position in accordance with the drawing. 4;

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4) in areas with separate rods located at equal distances, one rod is depicted indicating the line and leader line and its position on the shelf, and under the leader line shelf - the pitch of the rods in accordance with the drawing. 5. If the pitch of the rods is not standardized, then next to the designation of the rods indicate in brackets the number of rods in accordance with the drawing. 6;5) the reinforcement of the elements crossing the depicted element, as a rule, is not indicated (Fig. 8); 6) when depicting a frame or mesh, identical rods located at equal distances are applied only at the ends of the frame or mesh, and also in places where the pitch of the rods changes. In this case, under the flange, leader lines indicating the position of the rod indicate their pitch in accordance with the drawing. 7;7) in a complex reinforcement scheme, it is allowed to indicate the position at both ends of the same reinforcement product or a separate rod in accordance with Fig. 8;8) the dimensions of the bent rods are indicated along the outer edges, and the dimensions of the clamps are indicated along the inner edges in accordance with the drawing. 9.

Lay distribution fittings (item 6)
within x pos. 1 and 2 below, within pos. 3-5 - on top

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3.3.14. It is permissible not to make drawings for simple parts directly included in the monolithic reinforced concrete structure, but to provide all the necessary data for their manufacture in the specifications and, if necessary, place images of these parts on the drawing of the monolithic structure. If there is a large number of parts, the data necessary for their manufacture is given in a statement and in Form 6. An example of filling out the statement is given in Appendix 11.

List of parts

3.4. Specifications for layout diagrams of structural elements 3.4.1. The specification for the layout of structural elements is drawn up in accordance with Form 7 or 8 of Appendix 7 of GOST 21.101.3.4.2. The specification for the layout of prefabricated structures is filled out in sections: 1) elements of prefabricated structures; 2) monolithic sections; 3) steel and other products. 3.4.3. The specification of a monolithic structure consisting of several elements, each of which is subject to a separate reinforcement scheme, is compiled in sections for each element. 3.4.4. The name of each section of the monolithic structure specification is indicated as a heading in the “Name” column and underlined. The section names include the brand of the element and, separated by a dash, the number of elements per monolithic structure. P examples: 1. Beams Bm1 - pcs. 2.2. PM1 plate - pcs. 1. Each section of the monolithic structure specification consists of subsections, which are arranged in the following sequence: 1. Assembly units.2. Details.3. Standard products.4. Materials. In the “Assembly units” section, write down the elements directly included in the specified monolithic structure in the following sequence: 1. Spatial frames.2. The frames are flat.3. Grids.4. Embedded products. The subsection “Materials” records materials directly included in the structure being specified (for example, concrete).

4. WORKING DOCUMENTATION
FOR CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTS

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4.6. The following technical requirements are given on the assembly drawing of the product: 1) requirements for finishing the surface of the product. The image of a surface requiring special treatment is indicated in accordance with the drawing. eleven;

Crap. eleven

2) other requirements for the quality of the product; 3) links to documents containing technical requirements that apply to this product, but are not shown in the drawing. 4.7. If an indication of the orientation of the product in the structure is required, then a mark is placed on the drawing of the product in accordance with the drawing. 12.

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4.8. Assembly drawings of reinforced concrete products, in addition to views, sections and sections, include reinforcement diagrams. The reinforcement diagram of reinforced concrete products is carried out in relation to paragraphs 3.3.2 and 3.3.3.4.9. Based on the drawings of reinforced concrete products, a steel consumption sheet is drawn up (see Form 5). An example of filling out a steel consumption sheet is given in Appendix 12.4.10. Specifications for products are carried out in accordance with GOST 2.108 and GOST 2.113, taking into account the following additional requirements: 1) the columns “Format” and “Zone” are excluded. Size of the column "Pos." taken equal to 10 mm, columns “Name” - 73 mm; 2) group specifications for the product are carried out preferably according to options A and B of GOST 2.113. When performing the specification according to option B, the number of execution columns is not limited; 3) it is allowed to combine specifications with the assembly drawing independently on the sheet format; 4) recording of assembly units and materials in the relevant subsections of the product specification is carried out in accordance with clause 3.4.4.4.11. For products (reinforcement, embedded, connecting, etc.), consisting only of parts, a specification is drawn up in Form 7, with a group method of making drawings of such products - in Form 8. An example of making a group working document on meshes is given in Appendix 13.

Specification

Group specialization

ANNEX 1

Mandatory

CONVENTIONAL GRAPHIC IMAGES OF BUILDING STRUCTURES AND THEIR ELEMENTS

APPENDIX 2

Information

An example of a plan for a one-story industrial building

An example of a floor plan for a residential building

APPENDIX 3

Information

Example of filling out the list of jumpers

An example of filling out the specification of jumper elements

An example of the specification of elements for filling openings

APPENDIX 4

Information

An example of a single-story section
industrial building

Cut 1-1

An example of a multi-story section
industrial building

Cut 2-2

An example of a section of a residential building

Cut 1-1

APPENDIX 5

Information

An example of a facade and a fragment of a facade
industrial building

Facade 1-22.

Fragment 3 facades

An example of the façade of a residential building

APPENDIX 6

Information

Example of a floor plan

APPENDIX 7

Information

Example of a roof plan

APPENDIX 8

Information

An example of the layout of elements,
prefabricated partitions

APPENDIX 9

Information

An example of the layout of elements
filling a window opening

APPENDIX 10

Information

EXAMPLES OF IMPLEMENTATION DIAGRAMS FOR LOCATION OF ELEMENTS OF PREFABRICATED STRUCTURES

Layout of foundation elements
and foundation beams

Layout of columns and crane beams

Layout of coating slabs

Layout of wall panels

Layout of wall panels, partitions and others
elements of a residential building

Layout of columns, crossbars and beams
ceilings at elevation ...

APPENDIX 11

Information

Example of filling out a list of parts

APPENDIX 12

Information

EXAMPLE OF COMPLETING A STEEL CONSUMPTION SHEET, KG

APPENDIX 13

Information

EXAMPLE OF EXECUTION OF A GROUP WORKING DOCUMENT ON A GRID

APPENDIX 14

Information

SAMPLE LIST OF METAL PRODUCTS,
FOR WHICH WORKING DRAWINGS ARE CARRIED OUT AS A COMPOSITION OF WORKING DRAWINGS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES

1. External metal stairs no more than 1.0 m wide.2. Stringers of stairs with reinforced concrete steps and platforms.3. Fencing: on the roof, platforms, openings, pits, stairs (reinforced concrete, metal).4. Shields over channels up to 1.0 m wide with a load of no more than 20 kPa (3000 kgf/m2).5. Shields over openings (for example, monolithic ones) with an area of ​​up to 2 m 2 with a load of no more than 20 kPa (2000 kgf/m 2).6. Canopy structures extending no more than 1.5 m.7. Metal elements of reinforced concrete structures (for example, individual metal beams, connecting products, anchors, outlets, between reinforced concrete slabs, metal waterproofing of walls, profiled decking used as formwork).8. Other metal products, structures, the parameters of which are similar to those listed in paragraphs. 1-7.

APPENDIX 15

Information

EXAMPLE OF DRAWING
INDIVIDUAL PRODUCT

APPENDIX 16

Information

EXAMPLE OF A DRAWING OF A TYPICAL PRODUCT WITH ADDITIONAL EMBODIED PRODUCTS

INFORMATION DATA

REFERENCE REGULATIVE AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS

How to draw window openings and windows on a house plan in AutoCAD

Creating window openings and windows on a drawing of the first floor plan of a cottage in AutoCAD

The drawing of the plan of the first floor of the house () shows window openings without quarters.

Measuring and determining the size (width) of window openings on a house plan in AutoCAD

Use the "Distance" tool on the classic "Information" toolbar, or from the "Utilities" toolbar on the "Home" tab of the tool ribbon, thereby calling the "Dist" command in AutoCAD. Measure the width of the window opening. Its width was 932 mm.

In the same way, we measure the width of the remaining window openings in the drawing of the plan of the first floor of the cottage. We obtain the width of window openings = 1190, 2080 mm.

Below is a picture of "Width of window openings for residential premises for external walls". According to GOST data, the sizes of window openings for the plan of our cottage are 910 mm, 1210 mm, 2110 mm.

How to make window openings on a house plan in AutoCAD (algorithm)

To create window openings in AutoCAD, I used the following algorithm (you can use any convenient method for creating window openings on the plan):

Select two segments on the house plan in AutoCAD, indicating the window opening, and group them for ease of working with the window opening and placing it in positions according to the plan of the first floor of the cottage. You can group objects in AutoCAD from the context menu. Click the right mouse button and select the line "Group" - "Group" in the context menu.

See the video tutorial below for more details.

Used to create window openings, windows on the house (cottage) plan.

One of the most common elements of any building are doors. Such structures are provided, of course, both in residential and public or industrial buildings. several can be installed in buildings. Accordingly, in the drawings such elements are designated differently. The marking of doors according to GOST is also different. The designation on the drawings of such structures, of course, must be applied correctly.

What documents regulate

In our time, manufacturers must produce standard wooden doors intended for installation in residential and office premises, guided primarily by the standards provided for by GOST 6629-88 and GOST 475-78. The exception in this case is structures assembled from valuable wood species. Such doors do not belong to the group of standard ones. Also, using other regulatory documents, manufacturers assemble structures special purpose. These could be, for example, evacuation models, fire models, etc.

In our country, door designations on drawings are regulated according to GOST 21.201-2011. Moreover, according to the standards, such elements are usually not marked on diagrams made at a scale of 1:400 or less. Doors are indicated only on drawings 1:50 and larger. In this case, according to GOST, the diagram is supposed to indicate not only the design itself, but also the direction of opening of the leaf, as well as the presence of a threshold.

In addition, the door type is often marked on diagrams using special symbols. Of course, such door designations on drawings are also regulated according to GOST. All design organizations in our country must comply with such standards.

Standards for designating doors and windows on drawings in accordance with GOST 11214-86 can also be used in Russia. This document specifies, among other things, the design requirements for such building elements. This GOST also regulates the dimensions and methods of joining standard windows and doors.

Main types

Modern doors can have different designs. But on this basis, all of them can be classified into four main types:

Doors "G". Such structures are most often installed inside buildings. Door “G” may have one or two leaves. Lattice filling is used inside them. Such doors can be assembled with or without a frame, trims and threshold.

Type "O". These doors are structurally similar to the previous version, but have glass inserts.

Models "K". This is a pendulum type of door, the doors of which do not pretend to be, but swing. Such structures usually have two canvases and they do not pretend, but swing. A feature of models of this type is, among other things, the absence of a threshold.

Doors type "U". This group includes reinforced door structures. They are usually installed inside buildings at the entrance to isolated rooms, for example, apartments.

When designating a door on a drawing, all these 4 types of construction of similar products can be separately indicated.

Designations

As already mentioned, on drawings at a scale of 1:50 and larger, doors must be indicated. In this case, the symbol for opening a door in the drawings is an arc. An example of such a scheme can be seen below.

In addition, when drawing up house designs, the conventional drawings can also show the type of doors that are supposed to be installed in the house. In this case, it is customary to use special icons. The same conditional elements can indicate the type of gate on the street.

These icons are standard designations and should be used on all official circuits. For example, in the table above you can see that the designation sliding doors in the drawings according to GOST it is rectangles with lines parallel to them for the sashes. For swing doors, the latter are drawn at an angle, etc.

What other rules must be followed when drawing up diagrams?

Doors on conventional drawings, like, for example, windows, are supposed to be depicted as wall openings. In this case, such elements on the diagrams are not shaded, but are drawn in the form of perpendicular lines (sashes). Among other things, when depicting doors on drawings, the following rules are observed:

the main lines are set to 0.8 mm thick;

inscriptions above the designations are drawn in font No. 7;

For explanations, font No. 5 is used for symbols.

You can, among other things, determine the characteristics of a door - the opening side of the leaf, the presence of a threshold, the type of construction - by its markings. Such information, according to current regulations, must be present on interior and entrance structures. It can also be placed on design drawings next to the door icon.

Marking of wooden structures

The designation of the door on the drawing (according to GOST) makes it easy to find out the features of its design. Also, as we found out, similar information is provided to the consumer in the labeling of products of this type.

Doors by modern companies can be manufactured in different sizes. This, of course, should also be displayed in the designations on the GOST drawings. And the dimensions of the doors are supposed to be indicated, of course, in the markings. According to the standard, manufacturers in this case indicate the width and height of the opening for which the model is intended. The same symbols may also be used on detailed drawings next to the door icon.

Models of types “O” and “G”, among other things, may have doors that are unequal in width. In this case, the letters “P” and “L” (right and left blade) are additionally added to the marking. Manufacturers must also indicate that the door they produce has a threshold. This element is indicated in the marking by the letter “P”.

What other designations can be used

We have thus found out how interior doors installed directly in buildings can be marked. The second position for such models indicates the type of construction.

However, in various types of buildings, of course, external doors are almost always used. In the marking of such products, the second position may contain, for example, the following designations:

“N” - entrance doors or tambour-type models.

"C" - service doors.

“L” - hatch doors or manhole models.

If there are such letters in the marking, the letters indicating the actual type of construction “G”, “O”, etc., can be transferred further - behind the numbers.

Unlike internal doors, entrance models are manufactured according to the standards provided for by GOST 24698-81. The same document also regulates their designations.

The numbers in the marking of internal doors, as already mentioned, usually appear in the third position. In the same place they are located for the entrance structures. For all types of doors, the numbers indicate the size of the openings in the house. Very often, after them in the door marking, in addition to the type, there are also additional letters displaying some secondary characteristics. In this place, GOST for doors may provide, for example, the following letters:

“P” - threshold or right wing;

“L” - left opening;

“N” - with influx;

“B” - moisture-resistant door;

“C” - continuous filling of the canvas;

“T” - fire-resistant door;

“Ш” - panel door;

“C” is a model with an internal solid filling made of wooden slats, equipped with a threshold and a cylinder lock, as well as a compacted rebate.

The last position in the door marking is usually marked with the designation GOST 24698-81.

What are vestibule, hatch and manhole doors?

Such structures belong to the class of external ones. According to GOST, standard symbols are used in the drawings of doors of this type. That is, this could be a model type icon or just an opening with a sash.

Tambour doors are usually installed after the entrance doors and are intended to retain heat in the premises of an apartment or house. Such models are often not insulated, but are complemented by a dense vestibule. Structurally, they are something like a partition with doors installed between the walls of the corridor. There are only three main types of such doors: solid, lattice and with inserts. As already mentioned, in the marking, vestibule doors, like entrance doors, are designated by the letter “H” (external).

Hatch models in buildings can be installed, for example, in attics. Such structures are manufactured at enterprises both on a metal frame and on a wooden one. In many cases, doors of this type are additionally insulated. Sometimes such models can be equipped with a folding ladder. Designs of this type are marked as “L”.

Manhole doors are designated by the same letter and are used to access the roof or any technical premises. Like hatches, they can be made of either metal or wood. Very often such structures are additionally insulated.

Examples

In our country, the designations of windows and doors on drawings according to GOST must be used as prescribed by regulations. The same applies to the labeling of such products. How can such information be deciphered? For example, wooden doors may be marked by the manufacturer as follows:

DK 24-19. In this marking, the letter “D” actually means that the product is a door. "K" indicates the model type. That is, in this case the door is swinging. The number 24 in this marking indicates the height of the opening is 24 dm, and 19 - the width is 19 dm.

DG 24-15PP. In this case, the letter “G” indicates that the door “D” is a standard type. 24 in this marking is the height of the opening in decimeters, 15 is its width. The first letter “P” means that the door has only the right wing. The second “P” indicates that the model comes with a threshold.

UNTIL 24-15P. Such markings will be present on the double-leaf right glass door “O” with a threshold.

DG21-7LP. In this case, the door is of type “G”, is single-leaf, left-handed, has a threshold and is designed for an opening of 21x7 dm.

DS16-19GU. This marking displays information that the door is a service “C” door and is intended for an opening of 19x19 dm. Moreover, it is a blank “G” and belongs to the insulated type.

DN21-19PSCHO2. In this case, the door belongs to the external vestibule type “N”, is right “P” and panel “Shch”, has a threshold.

In some cases, the last positions in the door markings on the GOST drawings (as in example 6) may contain the letter O with a number. This designation indicates the type of door trim. In the marking, this characteristic may be indicated by the combinations “O1”, “O2” or “O3”.

Marking for metal models

Such doors in drawings according to GOST are therefore most often indicated with wings at an angle. After all, such structures in most cases are of the conventional swing type. Inside buildings, entrances to apartments, for example, are usually insulated today using steel structures. Nowadays, it is almost impossible to see wooden doors in entrances. Metal entrance structures for apartments belong to the group of internal ones and are manufactured and marked in accordance with the standards of GOST 51242 98. This document regulates the production of all those models on which protective mechanisms are installed. In addition to metal entrance doors, according to this GOST, for example, safes, blinds, shutters and windows are manufactured.

This regulatory document only regulates the production of structures with protective mechanisms intended for installation in residential premises. It does not apply to doors for special purposes, for example, bulletproof ones.

Designations for metal models

Doors and windows in the drawings are therefore prescribed by GOST to be marked with standard icons. State standards and labeling of such structures regulate. Legend for metal doors, the diagrams usually use the same ones as for wooden ones. However, the labeling of such products usually contains Additional Information. In this case, the letter “D” also comes first. The second shows the dimensions of the opening. However, for such doors they are marked in dm, and in mm. Also, the marking of metal entrance structures usually contains designations of strength and burglary resistance classes. In this case, the consumer thus has the opportunity, even in the store, to determine the degree of reliability of the product in terms of penetration of unwanted guests into the home.

Fireproof steel doors are also marked in a special way at enterprises. Their designations contain, among other things, the letter “P”. Typically, such models are marked with the letters “DMP” or “DPM” (metal fire door).

Strength classes

This parameter for metal entrance structures is regulated by GOST 31173-2003 and GOST 31173-2016. These documents were published in different years, but are called the same: “Steel door blocks. Technical conditions". In old door models, marking is therefore provided in accordance with GOST from 2003, in new ones - from 2016.

In the first case, the strength class of the structure can be indicated by the letters:

"M1" - the most durable;

"M2" - medium strength;

"M3" - lightweight.

The new GOST 2016 prescribes the determination of five strength classes of entrance doors - from M3 to M5.

Burglary resistance classes

In the old GOST of 2003, all doors on this basis were divided into three groups: ordinary, reinforced or protective. The new GOST provides for a fundamentally different classification. According to the document from 2016, there are:

door blocks with enhanced protective functions of group “G”;

three classes of structures based on burglary resistance in minutes.

Types of finishing

The designation of doors in drawings according to GOST on the facade or in the entrance is usually used in the form of rectangles with the door at an angle. The marking of such structures, among other things, may also include the type of finish. Several types of the latter can be used for metal entrance doors:

Powder-polymer spraying. This is the cheapest type of coating, characterized by a fairly high degree of reliability. Its main advantages are durability and strength.

Hammer coating. In this case, the door is finished using special paint. A distinctive feature of this coating is its resistance to mechanical stress. Its advantages also include attractive appearance.

Anti-vandal coating. This variety is usually used for finishing the doors of public and commercial buildings. This group of coatings includes, for example, lining and MDF panels.

Example of marking of metal structures

Such doors, for example, can be designated as follows: DSV DKN 2100-1270 M3. This marking is deciphered as follows:

“D” - door;

“C” - steel;

“B” - internal entrance;

“DK” - double-field with a closed box;

“N” - opening outwards;

2100-1270 - designed for an opening with a height of 2100 mm and a width of 1270 mm;

M3 - lightweight strength class.

The symbols on the drawings of metal doors are the same as for wooden ones.

Gate marking

Such structures are indicated in the drawings using the same symbols as doors. The manufacture of gates and their markings are regulated by GOST 31174-2003. The following symbols are used by manufacturers for such structures:

letter designation of the product itself - VM (metal gate);

article according to technical documentation (type);

opening dimensions in mm;

canvas class.

GOST 31174-2003 itself is affixed to the last position in the gate marking. According to the standards, the article number of such products, in addition to the type, must display information about the presence/absence of a gate, the type of finishing material, architectural design, etc. Full content The article number is disclosed in the order contract and the gate passport.

Example of gate marking

The symbol of such a product may look, for example, as follows: VM DN2047.17.03.ML 2900×2600-330 GOST 31174-2003. The decoding for the gate in this case will be as follows:

“VM” - metal gates;

DN2047.17.03.ML - article according to the manufacturer’s technical documentation;

2900x2600 - opening dimensions;

330 - weight of the canvas in kilograms.

Requirements for the quality of wooden doors

We found out what symbols are provided in the drawings according to GOST for doors. But what are the requirements for the manufacture of such structures? According to GOST 475-78 standards, such structures can be manufactured with minor deviations from standard dimensions. In this case, the document indicates maximum tolerances.

Also, according to GOST 475-78, wooden doors can be produced using the following materials:

well-dried wood;

• rolled metal;

  plastic assemblies;

  glass and glue.

Moreover, for those models that will subsequently be operated in conditions high humidity, it is supposed to use coniferous wood. For doors intended for installation in ordinary rooms, according to GOST, it is allowed to use deciduous material.

Requirements for metal structures

According to GOST, such models must be made of steel with a flat and smooth surface, free from cracks and chips. The permissible curvature of the material used to assemble the canvas is 0.5 mm.

The sealing gaskets in such doors must be installed evenly, without gaps around the entire perimeter of the frame. Of course, metal doors produced modern enterprises, must, among other things, also be resistant to various kinds of unfavorable factors external environment. That is, during operation they should not appear rusty spots, fungus, scratches, chips, etc.

Hinges on such doors can be secured using both welding and mechanical connections. At the final stage of production, doors of this type should be coated with additional protective layer with preliminary primer. GOST, among other things, allows the use of wood as a finishing material in the manufacture of such doors. At the same time, parts made of timber and boards used for this purpose, according to the standards, must have a roughness of no more than 60 microns and a humidity of no more than 8-12%.

Types according to GOST 6629-88: solid wooden panel

Doors, like any other product, as well as Construction Materials, are manufactured in accordance with state-approved standards. Depending on their design and purpose, there are documents regulating the production of internal doors and GOST: internal doors.

How many such standards are there, and what exactly do they pay special attention to? By watching the video in this article, as well as reading the content, you will get a lot useful information about this theme.

The main document on the basis of which doors made of wood and its derivatives are made for installation inside public and residential buildings is the state standard number 6629-88 (see). Let us note right away that when making a soundproofing, evacuation or any other special-purpose structure, you should not rely on it.

For clarity, we present each of them in the form of a table:

So:

• The standard regulates the manufacture of structures of all types, according to clearly defined standard sizes. Marking according to GOST must reflect the height and width of the opening for which this product is intended. For example: DK 24-19 means: swing door, height 24dm (2.4m), width 19dm (1.9m), taking into account the thickness of the frame.
• Double-floor structures of the “O” and “G” types may have canvases that are unequal in width. The letters “P” (right) or “L” (left) are also added to the single-field marking. The additional letter “P” means that the product has a threshold - for example: DG 24-15PP.
• As for not the markings, but the graphic images on the drawings of the buildings being designed, they are carried out in accordance with the standard 21*201-2011. Paragraph 4.7 contains a table with sample graphic images of doors that designers should adhere to. We present this table below.

Designation according to GOST on drawings and in plan

The manufacture of doors of all types must be carried out in accordance with the working drawings presented in this standard, and only in accordance with the permitted dimensions. Next, you will be offered a short excursion into the technology - it may be useful for those who want to make a wooden door with their own hands.

Assembly

Structurally, the canvases are divided into frame structures, consisting of strapping bars and panels, and panel structures. Making a frame door is more difficult, the material consumption is higher and it must be of high quality. Therefore, the price of this design is higher.

By and large, the panel door is based on the same frame, only with internal filling and lining with cheaper material: plywood or fiberboard 3-5 mm thick. Such doors are cheaper, but due to their hollow structure and filler they have higher sound insulation properties.

The set of technological operations in the manufacture of a panel structure is as follows:

• assembly of the frame and its filling
• cutting of facing parts
• gluing boards and processing their ends around the perimeter
• Installation of lining or layouts under glass
• Making a box for canvas

To make a glazed door, two frames are made from bars with the same cross-section. The frame parts are connected at the corners with a tenon or with special clips. The filling of the frames can be very different: slats, stuffed at some distance or completely, MDF, plywood. If the filling is continuous, the assembly order will be as follows.

So:

• A lining is applied to the finished frame on one side, spread around the perimeter with glue, and then secured with small nails 2-2.5 cm long. Then the frame is turned over and its internal space is filled with bars or slats. Their cross-section must correspond to the thickness of the door frame.
• You need to try to ensure that the filling elements are pressed tightly and their joints do not coincide. Next comes the turn of the second shield, which is mounted in the same way as the first. In the case when the filling of the frame is not continuous, but sparse, you need to try to ensure that the size of the cells does not exceed 4 cm.

• Furniture factories, of course, have their own technologies, and to fill the frames they use not lumber, but special honeycomb inserts made of pressed cardboard. After the frames are filled, the panels are glued onto them using a hydraulic press.

If pressing is done mechanically, then gluing takes quite a long time - up to half a day. When using the hot method, a quarter of an hour is enough for this.

About a day after pressing, the perimeter of the doors is processed. This includes filing of panels, cutting of grooves, and grinding. Finally, the lining parts and glass layout, if provided, are installed on them.

Outdoor structures

In the previous chapter we talked about internal wooden doors. External standard doors are manufactured according to a different standard, number 24698-81. It does not apply to doors for cultural buildings, commercial and sports centers, stations, as well as on structures whose area exceeds 9m2.

So:

• This document regulates the manufacture of doors three types: under the letter “N” - vestibule and entrance, under “S” - service. The third type is designated by the letter "L". This is not even a door as such, but a hatch (manhole) - for example, for exiting the entrance to the attic. Everything is similar here: the requirements for door designs, their standard sizes and markings are also set out, taking into account the purpose.

Metal blocks

• This indicator is a certain time period during which the door can withstand the influence of extreme high temperatures and not lose its load-bearing capacity, as well as its heat-insulating properties. It is clear that special requirements are imposed on such structures.

SNiP: fire protection elements

• The vestibules must be sealed, and the canvases must be equipped with closers. There are types of doors that are normally used in open form. In this case, the manufacturer’s responsibility is to equip them with automatic equipment that is activated during a fire and disguises the canvas.

Note! Another very important requirement: the door leading to the emergency exit should not have a locking mechanism that cannot be opened without a key. Moreover, not only the materials from which the canvas is made must be non-flammable, but also the fittings installed on it.

Aluminum fireproof products

• Installing fire-resistant doors in a privately owned house is voluntary. But there are categories of buildings that must be equipped with fire doors. For example, in multi-storey buildings whose height exceeds 50m, all exits must be equipped with such structures - including vestibules, staircases and elevator shafts.
• The fire resistance limit of structures installed at these points must be at least half an hour. Doors with the same characteristics are also installed in elevator halls of single-section buildings, as well as technical basements. In public buildings, all entrance areas must be equipped with fire-resistant blocks.

Doors that meet fire safety requirements can be made not only of steel, but also of aluminum - with the door frames filled with fire-resistant glass. In this case, they not only provide the possibility of unhindered evacuation of people in a force majeure situation, but also perfectly complement the interiors and exteriors of buildings.

Conventional images of building elements are given in GOST 21.501-93.

In table 10.2.1 provides conventional images of openings. It should be noted that when drawing building plans on a scale of 1:200 and smaller, quarters in window openings are not shown (a quarter is a protrusion in the opening equal to approximately one-fourth of the brick).

On the facade, opening bindings are indicated by triangle A. The base of the triangle determines the place where the binding is hung. If the triangle is surrounded by a thin solid line, then it opens outward, and if it is surrounded by a thin dashed line, then it opens inward. In the conditions of depicting lifting and sliding bindings, the direction of movement of the sashes is shown by an arrow; a blind binding (non-opening) is indicated by a dot.

Designations characterizing the method and direction of opening window sashes are applied on facade drawings and facade diagrams for filling window openings.

Moreover, in the case of multiple rhythmic repetition of window openings with the same filling on the facade of a building, the opening designation can be indicated only in the first two or three openings of each type or in one rhythmically repeating group of openings.

The designation for opening window sashes is shown on each sashe that is part of the filling of the opening.

When making conventional images of windows, the design of the bindings must correspond to the actual one.

In table 10.2.2 provides conventional images of the direction of opening doors and gates on the plan. When depicting doors in plan, the angle of inclination of the door leaf to the plane of the wall is assumed to be 30°.

In table 10.2.3 provides conventional images of stairs, ramps, blind areas, and in table. 10.2.4 - various channels in the walls. Channel dimensions are indicated only if they are not shown in other drawings.