09.03.2020
Why can't we see air? Educational portal. Logic of educational activities
Tamara Kuchenkova
"Invisible Air" Abstract open class in the senior group
Target:
1. Form children’s ideas about air and its properties in the life of humans, animals, and plants.
2. create ideas about wind in children, arouse interest in conducting experiments.
3. Develop the ability to reason logically and evoke a feeling of love for others.
4. Foster a sense of responsibility for nature, entertain and emotionally tune children.
Previous work:
Observing the wind and clouds while walking; boat design; reading fiction.
Equipment:
A transparent glass glass, a metal spoon, a transparent deep container with water. Air balloons, cocktail straws, soap bubbles, foam and paper boats, large containers of water, polyethylene napkins, room fan, screen for a puppet theater, Pinocchio doll, sheets of paper, colored pencils.
Literature:
N. E. Ryzhova "Not just fairy tales".
V. Colomina “Education of the fundamentals of ecological culture in kindergarten”.
O. R. Galimov “Physics for preschoolers
O. V. Dybina, N. P. Rakhmanova, V. V. Shchetinina "The unknown is nearby".
A. Holden "The world around" a series "Fun Lessons"
Progress of the lesson:
Vospi.: - Guys, listen carefully and guess riddle:
We need him to breathe
To inflate the balloon.
With us every hour,
But he is invisible to us!
Children: -Air.
Playback: - That's right, that's air. Today we will talk about air, we will do experiments like real scientists. And for this we have a laboratory. (shows)
Bur.: - Hello, guys!
What are you going to do here?
Vosp.: -The guys and I want to talk about air.
Bur.: -Oh air? And who saw him? air? Maybe it doesn’t exist at all! Personally, I’ve never seen it air, and you guys?
Playback: - Wait, wait, Pinocchio! Me too I didn't see any air, but I know that he is always around us.
Bur.: Oh, you know everything! But I don’t believe you! Now prove to Yu that this is the one there is air in this room.
Playback: -Guys, let's prove to Pinocchio that there is still air(experiment 1 with bags)
Vosp.: -What do we guys have in our bags?
Children:-Air.
Vosp.: -What is he like? Do we see him? Why can't we see air? Why is it called invisible? (children's answers)
-The air is clear, which means everything is visible through it. Look. What else is transparent? Let's find transparent objects in our room
(aquarium, windows)
(go to the window)
Look what clear glass, everything is visible through it - other houses, cars on the street, and trees, and now let's go together to our laboratory, I want to show you another experiment
(shows a glass)
Guys, do you think this glass is empty? If there's anything in it? (listens to the children's answers)
Bur.: Well, what’s interesting here? It is clear to everyone that there is nothing in the glass. Let's pour something in there or put something in there.
Play: -You say there’s nothing in the glass, but we’ll check now! (experiment 2 with glass).
Playback: -Well, the guys made sure that the glass is not empty, there is air:
Bur.:- Eka unprecedented, air! I may have known before that there is air, but just told everyone that. I also remembered how you can see air. Now listen to me. One day I was treated to delicious water and given a straw. Of course, I not only drank, but also blew bubbles through a straw. That was great!
Playback: -Guys, let's blow bubbles from a straw too
Take each a straw and go to the vessel with water. (experiment 3 – with straws)
What comes out of the water bubbles:
Children: -Air
Vosp.: -What other bubbles can you blow?
Children: Soapy
Play: -Let's blow some soap bubbles
(children take "bubble" and let them in)
Playback: - Pinocchio, what do you think is inside soap bubbles?
Bur.: I know, of course, soap!
Vosp.: -Guys, is Pinocchio right? Why? Of course, in every bubble there is air!
Bur.: - Air, soap, what a difference! You are better to me than someone else Tell: and I, and the guys and all people breathe through the nose. Right?
Play: -Guys, let's show Pinocchio how our noses breathe. (experiment 4 with napkin).
When we just exhale and inhale air, do we see him?
Children: -No!
Playback: - And with a napkin you can see (Yes)
You can also see how we breathe in winter - steam comes out of our mouths.
Bur.: Guys, do you know what animals breathe?
Children: They also have noses.
Bur.: And if a dog breathes through its mouth hotly, have I seen it myself? How do plants breathe, where are their noses? (children's hypotheses).
Vosp.: -And plants don’t have any noses. But they have small holes on the leaves that are difficult to see. All plants, including indoor plants, breathe through them. That's why we dust the leaves and wash them.
Bur.: So the bell, the birch, and the oak all need air?
But I didn’t know about it.
Playback: - of course, Pinocchio, all living beings need air.
Really, guys?
Here we are breathing through our noses, but what else can we feel with them?
Children: - We can smell.
Playback: - A the air smells?
(children's answers)
Vosp.: How does it happen when pies are baked in the kitchen, we group we smell them?
(children's answers)
-Air moves and brings it to our noses, although he himself the air has no smell.
What other smells can it tolerate? air?
Is it possible air carry sounds?
(children's answers)
(experiment 5 with glass and spoon)
When struck with a spoon, the glass of the glass begins to tremble, finely and frequently. From this it begins to tremble and move air around the glass. Gradually this trembling air reaches our ears and we hear this ringing. Means air, can carry sound.
Bur.: - And I know where you can find a lot air - in balls? And that's what they call it - air.
Vosp.: -Well, Pinocchio, we convinced you that there is air?
Bur.: Yes, I understood that air surrounds us everywhere, and we breathe it.
Idle thought that since he was not visible, then he was not there. And now I’ll go to the puppet theater with my friends and tell them about air. And I want to give you these air balloons(gives the children a box of balls).
Playback: -Guys, let's check if there's a lot air in your chest, let's blow up the balloons (children inflate balloons and blow them out).
You've probably seen how air the balls are released and they fly away into the sky. You should know that this is harmful to nature. Why do you think (children's answer options).
Sooner or later the balls will either burst or come out air and they will sink to the ground or into the sea, and then they can be swallowed by animals or fish and from this they will die. And we won’t release balloons on the street! But in group., where we can pick it up and put it away and put it away, we can do it. Let us now, at my command, release our balls together and see what happens. (I release the balls, it comes out air)
What do you feel?
Children: -Wind.
Playback: -Remember what we just said, that you can’t throw balls. And we will collect them now.
(collect balls)
(fan turns on)
Vosp.: -Oh, what is it, the balls don’t fly anymore, and the wind is getting stronger? And it doesn’t look like it’s the wind from small balls.
(Carlson flies in)
Karl: - Hello, boys and girls.
(children greet Carlson)
Vosp.: - Hello, Carlson. Did you raise such wind?
Tell me how you do it?
Karl: I have a propeller on my back. I turn on the motor, the propeller rotates and it turns out to be wind. Here I will show you the fan, it is exactly the same as my propeller. Look!
(turns on the fan)
Vosp.: - Guys, what do you think, why do we need a fan?
(children's answers)
Yes a fan is needed in hot weather to cool down air. Let's show Carlson how we can make wind ourselves (experience 6 with boats)
Guys, here we are releasing air The wind was made from the balls. Then they blew on the boats and it also turned out to be wind. -What is wind?
Playback: -Wind is movement air.
When you and I go for a walk, we often observe it if it’s windy outside. How can we see this?
(children's answers: tree branches are swaying, clouds are running quickly across the sky)
Now let's draw the wind. Go to the tables.
Karl: -I also want to draw with the children.
Vosp.: And you, Carlson, will draw on a large sheet of paper, on a blackboard.
(draw) (Carlson draws on the board)
Play: -Children, let's see how Carlson drew. Did he draw correctly? (analysis of Carlson's drawing).
(Result):-Today we learned about air. What have we learned?
What air is part of nature. It is everywhere around us, we breathe it.
-air is invisible, transparent - air can move.
And another very important property air. It itself is odorless, but can tolerate odors. We don't hear air, but when it moves, it can carry sounds.
We all need air. There is no life without him.
Direct educational activities on the topic:
"Air - what is it"
Senior group
Target: Develop the child’s cognitive activity in the process of experimentation, expand knowledge about air.
Tasks: Formation in children of the ability to acquire knowledge through practical experiments, draw conclusions, generalizations (communication, cognition, socialization). Form dialogic and monologue speech in the process with adults, using children’s ideas about air (communication, cognition, socialization).
Progress of activities:
Our mood changes every day, because every day something happens. Then we get angry. Sometimes we smile, sometimes we get sad. Sometimes we are surprised, sometimes we get scared, sometimes we sit, dream, and remain silent.
Raises: Let's start our day with just Have a good mood. Look into each other's eyes and smile. Think how good we are together today. We are calm, kind, healthy. Guys, look around and tell me, what do you see that surrounds us?
Children: We are surrounded by various things: furniture, walls, ceiling. What else unusual did you see? There is a beautiful box on the table. Do you want to know what's inside her?
Open the box.
Children: It's empty.
Raises: I don’t agree with you, it is not empty, there is something in it, but what will you find out. Listen to the riddle:
It passes through the nose into the chest and goes the other way, it is not visible, but still we cannot live without it.
(air)
What is this? What can't we live without?
Children: Air.
Raises: That's right, we'll talk about it today. Do you see the air around us?
Children: No.
Raises: Since we can’t see it, what kind of air is it?
Children: invisible, transparent.
Raises: invisible means it doesn't exist at all. How to prove that there is air? To see him, you have to catch him. Do you want me to teach you how to catch air?
Experiment 1. (Let's catch the air)
IN.: Take it plastic bag. What's in it?
Children: There is nothing in the package, it is empty.
IN.: Let's fill the bag with air and twist it. What happened to the package?
Children. The package has become thick. It is full of air and looks like a pillow.
The air took up all the space in the bag. Now let's untie the bag and let the air out of it. The package became thin again. Why?
Children: There is no air in it, it's all gone.
IN.: What can we conclude? How can you see air?
Conclusion (made by children): the air is transparent, to be seen, it must be caught and placed in a shell.
Experiment 2 (Air in a person)
IN.: What are we breathing? (by air). Let's test this by first inhaling deeply and then exhaling. What do you think we inhaled and exhaled? (air) Take the tubes and put them in cups of water and blow, what happens?
Children. We exhale air and bubbles appear in the water. This means there is air inside us.
IN. Now try not to breathe. Take a deep breath and hold your breath. How long can a person not breathe?
Children. No, without air a person will die.
IN. What conclusion can be drawn?
Conclusion: Man cannot live without air.
Who else can’t live without air? Children: animals, plants.
Raises: Air is an amazing shell around our planet Earth. If there were no air around the Earth, all living things would die in the scorching rays of the sun during the day and from the cosmic cold at night. The wind moves cold air over the ground to the south, warm-north, disperses the clouds. The wind fills the air with moisture, collects small clouds in rain clouds. In summer it waters the earth with rain, and in winter it covers it with a fluffy blanket of snow.
Experiment 4 (wind is air movement)
IN.: So, the air surrounds us. Do you think we can feel the air? How can we do this?
Children. You can wave your hand at yourself, a sheet of paper, or blow into your palm.
We feel the breeze even though we don't see it.
IN.: Guys, bring your palm to your mouth, then to your nose and breathe.
How do you feel? (WARM) Now wave your hand. How do you feel now? (air movement)
IN: Guys, let's try to create wind using a fan! Wave the fan first at yourself, then at each other. What do you feel?
Children: The fan moves and seems to push the air. The air also begins to move, so the breeze blows in your face.
IN.: What conclusion do we draw?
Conclusion: When air moves, it produces wind.
Experiment 5 (air has no smell)
IN. Does the air have a smell? How do you think?
Children. If the air is clean, it has no odor.
IN.: What can the air smell like? (freshness after rain, food that is prepared in the kitchen, smoke if there is a fire, perfume, etc.)
IN.: I suggest you make sure of this. The kinders contained substances with different smells. I removed them. Try to determine by smell what was in them.
Children. I have garlic, I have lemon, I smell of perfume, etc.
IN.: What can we conclude?
Conclusion: - Air does not have its own smell. Absolutely clean air does not smell of anything. The substances surrounding it give it its smell.
Experiment 6 (air is lighter than water)
IN. Guys, you have kinders and various toys on your tables, try to “drown” them. Why don't they drown?
Children. There is air inside kinders and toys, so they do not sink. The air keeps them on the surface of the water.
Conclusion: Air is lighter than water.
IN.- So, what is AIR?
Children: air is a gaseous substance that has no color, taste, or smell.
IN. Let's solidify everything again. I suggest you take 2 mugs from the table. One red and one green. I will say statements, and instead of answering you will show circles. If you agree with me, raise a green circle; if you disagree, raise a red one. Let's try. Be careful.
●Air surrounds us on all sides.
●Air can be heard.
●The air is transparent, so we cannot see it.
●Clean air has no odor, but can transmit the smell of objects.
●A person can live without air.
●Wind is the movement of air.
● The method of detecting air is to “lock” the air, “catch” it in a shell.
● Air is heavier than water.
You guys are great, you did a good job. I suggest you tell us at home about our new friend, the invisible man.
Hello, friends!
Today there is a new meeting of BioTOP based on Andrey’s question, which was sent by his mother Elena Valeryevna Ishimova, author of the blog “Smeshariki”.
I slightly rephrased the question “Why is the air transparent?”, but this did not lose its meaning. So, welcome to the BioTOP clearing.
Elephant (rings the bell): I declare the BioTOP meeting open!
Kaffir Raven: Biotope! Biotope!
Elephant: What's on our agenda?
Kaffir Raven: Absolutely transparent topic. Why is the air transparent? Is the gas colorless?
Chapter 1: Is the glass half full? Or...
Owl: Or maybe there is no air? Maybe air, like the king's new dress from a fairy tale, does not exist. You can't see him!Meerkat: He definitely is! We breathe it!
Cheetah: I want to ask you all about this glass. Look at him.
The cheetah showed a glass with water in it, exactly in the middle.
Monkey(jabbered): I! I know this test! Is the glass half full or half empty? Let everyone take it and answer, or remember what they answered when they first heard the parable about the glass.
Owl: As for me, no water was added there. Did you regret it?
Mudskipper: But for me, half a glass of water is better than no water at all! I can’t breathe without moisture, but there’s enough here that I could put my tail in it and hold out until high tide.
Meerkat: So I think that even a little water is not bad. Do you know how happy we are when It is raining in our desert?
Monkey(jumping on the spot with impatience): Oh, I can’t stand it, I’ll explain! As an optimist who enjoys life, I will immediately answer that the glass is half full! So the Mudhopper and the Meerkat are also optimists. A pessimist, who tends to notice the bad in life and grumble, will say that the glass is half empty.
Owl: I'm not a "letivist"! I say it as it is. I'm putting the whole truth in my face! I'm this...
Kaffir Raven: Realist?
Owl: Yes he!
Cheetah: A realist will say that the glass is 100% full.
Owl: Dear Cheetah, do you see well? How many wings am I showing you? There is exactly the same amount of water missing from a full glass!
Cheetah: What do you think, dear Owl, if I pour water from a glass, the glass will be empty?
Owl(hanging the wing inside the glass): Certainly! One hundred percent empty!
Chapter 2. Of course, there is no one to blame - There are only molecules around
Monkey: But we see a tree because a ray of light does not pass through its molecules?
Orangutan: You see, Monkey, but there are no molecules of wood.
Monkey: How can this not happen? I see a tree! Now, if you had said about the air, which is not visible, it would still be possible to believe it.
Octopus: A tree is made up of cells, and cells are made up of organelles. They are like small cellular organs, which is why they are called organelles. But these organelles consist of different substances, and substances consist of molecules. And molecules are made up of atoms.
Monkey: Big is made up of medium, and medium is made of small, and small is made of tiny!
Octopus: Right! Wood cellulose is a substance with white molecules, and lignin is a substance with brown molecules, which gives color to the bark. And the molecules stand so tightly pressed together in rows that light cannot pass through them and is reflected. And we see them.
Monkey: But in general outline, I was right!
Orangutan: You're right, dear Monkey.
Meerkat: And I understood why we can see something in water, but not as well as in air! Because the molecules in water are not as far apart as in gas, but not as close as in wood lignin! Right?
Orangutan: Well done! You are a very capable young Meerkat!
Elephant: Oh, there’s some guy sitting in our glass! I just looked at it now!
Chapter 3. I see right through you!
Someone in a glass: We noticed! And I really thought that I had become completely invisible.
Kaffir Raven: Get out of the glass, my dear, and introduce yourself! Otherwise, you violate the entire protocol incognito. What should I write down?
Someone in a glass: I ask without complicated words! I'm showing up. Glass catfish, at your service!
From the glass, in which there seemed to be no one, a fish appeared, transparent, like glass. In the air it became clearly visible, while in the water only its head and a small area of the body around it gave it away.
SONG OF THE GLASS CATFISH
(
I'm known as a glass ghost
And I’m terribly proud of it!
I live invisible in the water,
And the predator won't find it.
How did the aquatic become invisible? -
You ask, friends.
How the natural color has lost,
I will sing you a song.
Tweedledee and Tweedledee!
I'm a ghost myself, friends!
All muscles, skin, scales
Lost pigment
I'm covered in bumps,
Don't reflect the light.
To become transparent like water,
And don’t refract the light,
I'm all the space in my belly
Began to fill it with fat.
Tweedledee and Tweedledee!
I'm a ghost catfish, I'm a ghost catfish
I'm a ghost myself, friends!
Transparent liquid fat - success!
Yes, the ridge became visible...
It's not a sin to silver it
To diffuse the light.
Do you want to become irresistible?
And lead a carefree life? -
I can give you free advice:
"Be quiet, don't glare!"
Tweedledee and Tweedledee!
I'm a ghost catfish, I'm a ghost catfish
I'm a ghost myself, friends!
Elephant: It’s very nice to meet you, Glass Catfish! Why are you almost invisible in the water, but noticeable in the air?
Glass catfish: Since I live in water, that’s why I’m tuned to its characteristics. Water is denser than air. Move your hand in the air and water and you will feel the difference! If my body were filled with air, and not fat, then I would be very different in density from water, and would be more noticeable.
The Meerkat and Monkey began waving their paws in the air and then in the water.
Monkey: Water resists movement!
Meerkat: Yeah!
Owl:Yes, my friend Som, a living guide to the study of the skeleton!
Orangutan: You made a very correct point, dear Owl! In laboratories, animals with transparent skin and organs are specially bred in order to study the internal processes during the life of the animal, without any harm to these creatures. Study glass frogs, fish And recently they even bred transparent mice!
Octopus: Would you like me to show you a treasure disappearing trick?
Meerkat: Certainly!
Chapter 4: Disappearance of the Crystal
Octopus: I once accidentally found this item at the bottom. Of course, it turned out to be made of glass, but it could have been a diamond! Do you see what crystal?
Monkey: How big and beautiful!
Octopus: And now - the disappearing trick! Let's put the crystal in a glass of water!
Meerkat: Oh! It was as if he had dissolved. I want to touch him to see if he's still there.
The meerkat put its paw into the glass and touched the crystal.
(Do a similar experiment with transparent glass objects, making them “disappear” in water)
Meerkat: He is there! Honest meerkat! I found him!
Monkey: Here's how to store diamonds in plain sight, in a goldfish bowl.
Octopus: The crystal almost disappeared into the water, as did our friend the Glass Catfish.
Monkey: It still shines a little. But diamond is transparent and hard. It cannot have large distances between its molecules, like air. Why does it let light through?
Octopus: Right. The particles in diamond are arranged in a particularly close order, forming a crystal lattice. And the light passes through it.
Diamond crystal lattice.
Orangutan: Although not in glass crystal lattice, but the particles are also arranged in an orderly manner.
Octopus: Five hundred million years ago, trilobites, relatives of crayfish, were found in the Paleozoic seas. Their eyes were covered with transparent hard glasses made of calcite. They passed light through the middle of a crystalline rhombic lattice.
Dragonfly: This is so romantic! A knight in chitinous armor with crystal eyes! It's a shame they all died out...
Octopus: The armor was complete, including the eyes.
Monkey: But we also have transparent parts in the body! The eyes are covered with a transparent film - the cornea. Only it is flexible, not like trilobites.
Octopus: What a subtle remark, dear Monkey! And the inside of the eye is filled with vitreous fluid so that light can enter the eye.
Orangutan: And in plants, the skin covering the leaf is also transparent to allow light to pass through to the green cells with chlorophyll to produce food.
Octopus: And our cells are filled with a transparent gel - cytoplasm.
Cheetah: And yet it is easier to become like water than to become like air. Therefore, transparent animals are more common in water - jellyfish, ctenophores, crustaceans.
Dragonfly (flapping his wings): Don't tell me, colleague! Insects often have transparent wings to make them more invisible in flight!
Monkey: So that's why mosquitoes have transparent wings! To get close to me as unnoticed as possible and fly away unnoticed when they bite me! What deceit!
Octopus: Yes, dear Monkey. Predators also use transparency to hide from their victims.
Glass catfish: For example, glass perches do this.
Owl: Wait! It just dawned on me now! So what happens? If air molecules were colored, would the air be colored?
Chapter 5. Is the air really that transparent?
Orangutan: Most likely, it would be so, dear Owl! But then we would see very poorly.
Meerkat: But here in the morning in the desert the air becomes cloudy, and in the distance it is white as milk.
Owl: So it's fog!
Orangutan: Yes, it's fog. Visibility in fog is reduced due to the fact that in addition to colorless gas, very small droplets of water fly in the air. They reflect light and do not allow it to pass freely. Therefore, we cannot see what is happening in the distance.
Monkey: And in industrial cities Particles of soot and all sorts of chemicals fly in the air. From car exhausts. And the air is polluted.
Octopus: And dust is flying in the apartment! Look at the sunbeam coming through the window. Motes of dust fly in it.
Orangutan: Yes, it is difficult to find absolutely clean air; it always has its own big and small balloonists. Fungal and bacterial spores, dust particles and soot particles, plant seeds.
Octopus: I suggest going fishing, that is, I meant hunting for balloonists outside your window. Let's build a trap for balloonists! Let's find out whether the air outside the window is really that clear.
Materials and equipment: paper plates, Vaseline, stick, tape.
1. Attach a paper plate bottom to a stick using tape.
2. Spread a thick layer of Vaseline on the plate. Cover another plate with tape, sticky side out.
3. Place the plates outside the window on a windy day.
4. After a day, bring the traps home and examine them. The catch of the trap will depend on the time of year, and on the height of the floor on which you live. Compare which trap was more effective and caught more balloonists.
5. Conduct several studies of such air traps: in spring, summer, autumn and winter. Compare the indicators and draw conclusions.
PS: this trap allows you to catch seeds carried by the wind in the meadows. This is how the distribution of this group of plants through the air is studied.
Meerkat (raising your hand): I’m embarrassed to ask... You talked about transparent animals, and the question has been haunting me all this time. Who are ctenophores?
Chapter 6. Who are ctenophores?
Octopus: Ctenophores are a bit like jellyfish. Once upon a time they were even classified as one type of coelenterates. But now, when we got to know their structure better, it became clear that this is an independent type of animal. They do not have poisonous stinging (nettle) cells, but have sticky cells - collocytes on the tentacles. They use them to capture and stick prey.
Mudskipper: They were named comb jellies for the cilia with which they swim. And they are also very beautiful. Although transparent, these creatures glow in the depths of the seas and oceans, their eyelashes flicker like garlands.
Monkey: Let's draw these ctenophores and other transparent animals while our traps are catching. I know one way, even two ways, not even three ways, to draw them!
Owl: Decide on the methods, Monkey!
Monkey(bending your fingers): The first is to draw on black paper with white chalk and circle here and there with colored crayons. Only I don't have crayons...
Orangutan: So, we cross out the method. But anyone who has chalk can easily draw a picture.
Monkey: Well, okay - cross it out... The second method is grattage. Scratching on a black background. But the paper must be prepared in advance. First, rub a thick layer of colored wax crayons, and then cover the top with a thick mixture of black ink and gouache. And then, when everything is dry, scratch the images with an awl or toothpick. I have a small piece of paper with a background already prepared. I just don't have an awl...
Cheetah: No problem! I have matching sharp claws!
Orangutan: It will probably make a good picture. And the third - what way?
Monkey: And the third way is to outline the images with a white candle and wax crayons, and then cover the top with watercolor paint. And I have wax crayons, and a candle, and watercolor paint.
Meerkat: Then, let's draw! But I'm still not good at drawing. I would like a hint.
Octopus: At the request of our Meerkat, we will make a template. On it, the first two pictures are ctenophores, and the bottom two are jellyfish. Let's put our template under a watercolor sheet, fix it on the glass of the window and outline it with wax crayons and a candle here and there. And then we’ll take a piece of foam rubber, insert it into a clothespin and cover the entire sheet with black watercolor paint.
Monkey: And Cheetah and I will draw using the grattage technique.
Orangutan (thoughtfully examining the paintings): Hmm... Ah different techniques gave a different effect! But with watercolor there was more movement.
Meerkat: Oh, how I liked drawing! I even wanted to make a mobile like this with voluminous ctenophores!
Octopus: A good idea! We'll do it next time. Now it’s time for us to see what the traps caught.
Everyone went to look at the traps.
Orangutan: Vaseline found the task difficult. Low temperature spring has made it hard to fish. But the tape worked well. I caught midges and sand particles.
Elephant(looking at the plate): But these are drawings of the wind! But I think it’s time to close our transparent meeting today!
Kaffir Raven: BioTOP! Biotope!
Cheetah: Wait! The air carries my candidate in its currents! Do you see a point above the lake?
Elephant: We will be happy to meet a new colleague. But we will introduce him in the next episode!
So the next meeting in the BioTOP clearing has ended. I would like to express my gratitude to Elena Valerievna for supporting the column. And I give Andrey a certificate of honorary why from the blog “The Magic of Biology”.
The section is open to new questions from why. Write questions in the comments or by email! Do not be shy!I spend a lot of time preparing an answer, but any good theater performance requires this.I will definitely answer along with my assistants from the finger theater.
Balloon" href="/text/category/vozdushnij_shar/" rel="bookmark">balloons for each child, an inflatable lifebuoy, a jar of water, cups of water and straws for each child; whistles, bottles, small pieces of paper , various wind instruments (some of them may be in the pictures).
Dolls – Znayka, Dunno, Winnie the Pooh. Illustrations: drawing of a nature house and an ordinary house (drawings from N. Ryzhova’s manual “Air is Invisible”).
1.Educator: Guys, let's look at a drawing of a house - nature and an ordinary house. What do they contain? ( Children list and compare.) There is a lot of unfinished, empty space in both drawings. Why? ( Both in our ordinary house and in the house - nature there is air, we breathe it.)
And today we will talk about air. A learned kid named Znayka will help you with this. Why do you think he is called that?
Let's call him and talk, he knows so much!
Znayka: Hello guys! I want to ask you: What do you and I breathe? Let us first take a deep breath, deeply, and then exhale. What do you think we inhale? (Children's answers.) But what is air?
(Knowledge thinks, and at this time Dunno appears.)
Dunno: Hello kids! Why are you here? Why wasn’t I, the famous Dunno, invited? I know so much, it’s hard to even imagine.
Educator: Stay, both of you, we welcome all guests. Let's all talk about air together.
Dunno: About the air? And who saw it, this air? Maybe he doesn’t exist at all? Personally, I've never seen air, have you guys?
Znayka: Wait, Dunno! I haven’t seen the air either, but I know that it is always around us.
Dunno:" I know I know! » (Teases) That is yours favorite word. And I don't believe you. You prove to me that this very air is in this room right now.
Znayka (addresses the children): Guys, help me! Let us together prove to Dunno that there is still air. But first tell me, why don’t we see air? Why do we call it invisible?
(Listen to the children's answers) The air is transparent, which means everything can be seen through it.
Educator: What else is transparent? Let's find transparent objects in our room (glass in a window, the walls of an aquarium, the walls of a decanter, a glass). Now let’s go with our guests to the laboratory and do experiments.
Znayka (picks up a glass). Guys, do you think this glass is empty? Look carefully, is there anything in it? ( Shows the glass to the guys, listens to the answers.)
Dunno: Why did you pester us with your glass! It is clear to everyone that there is nothing in him. Let's put something in there or pour something.
Znayka (smiles mysteriously): Are you saying there's nothing in my glass? But now we’ll take a look and check. (At this time, the teacher places a jar of water and cups on each child’s table. Znayka invites the children to repeat his actions.)
Znayka turns the glass upside down and slowly lowers it into a jar of water (the glass must be held very straight.What happens?
Does water get into the glass? Why not? Discusses this with the guys. He concludes: there is air in the glass, he does not let water in.
Znayka again offers to lower the glass into a jar of water, but now hold it not straight, but slightly tilted. What appears in the water?
(Children answer) We see air bubbles. Where did he come from?
The air comes out of the glass, and water takes its place. Why did Dunno think there was nothing in the glass? (Because air is transparent, invisible. Znayka asks Dunno if he is convinced of the existence of air?)
Dunno: What incredible air! I may have already known that he existed, I just wanted to tease you. I also remembered how you can see air. Now I will lead everyone . (Takes a glass of water and puts a straw in it.) Come on, blow into the straw. You can do this! Storm in a teacup! And I also came up with an idea! I love blowing soap bubbles, they are so colorful and fly!
Znayka: And I love blowing soap bubbles. What do you think is inside them, Dunno?
Dunno: Everyone knows it’s soap.
Znayka: Do you guys really think so too? What would happen if there was soap inside the bubbles? (Listens to the children’s answers and confirms that there is air inside the bubbles.)
Znayka asks children how they breathe (Noses.) And animals too. How do plants breathe? (Through the holes in the leaves - stomata.) He asks the children to breathe.
How do you know that a person is breathing and not just opening his mouth?
(Asks to bring your palm to your mouth, then to your nose and breathe.) How do you feel? Your palm is warm from your breath. And when you breathe outside in winter, steam comes out of your mouth. This means we are breathing. Let's see how long we can go without breathing.
Dunno: Okay, now everything is clear. I even figured out where you can find a lot of air at once - in balloons. That's what they're called - airborne.
Znayka: Well done Dunno! It’s as if we are catching air and locking it in a balloon.
The teacher gives the children a ball. Everyone is thinking together about how best to inflate? If you inflate too much, the balloon may burst. Why?
(All the air won’t fit.) So the main thing is not to overdo it.
Children blow up balloons and play with them.
Znayka, Dunno and children play the game “Choose a toy”
(children choose those toys that have air inside, Dunno confuses everything, the children help him find the toy correctly.)
Dunno: Guys, now I understand that air is everywhere around us.
Educator: Guys, you managed to see and catch the invisible air. I also suggest you listen to it. How can this be done?
Bottle experience. Children blow whistles and tin whistles.
Where does the whistle come from? What is the difference between a whistle and a whistle?
(Whistles are made like toys are decorated.)
What does an artist who plays wind instruments do? He blows into the hole of the instrument. The air trembles, producing sounds that, unlike whistling, are musical.
Sounds travel through the air. For example, on the Moon, where there is no air, nothing can be heard, it is useless to talk - sounds cannot be transmitted, and eternal silence reigns.
Conclusions: when the air trembles, sounds arise. Sounds only happen where there is air. Some musical instruments
(wind) They only play when air is blown into them.
Final part:
Questions and answers to consolidate the material.
In our online lesson on the world around us, we will talk about what we, nature, and planet Earth would not exist without. Yes! This is air. What is air?...
Air and air properties
Air is a mixture of gases: nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and others.
Gases have no shape. They spread in all directions and fill the entire available volume.
The air shell of the Earth - atmosphere- protects us from destructive cosmic rays, from overheating by heat emanating from the Sun, from hypothermia.
Layers of the atmosphere:
Air is necessary for all living things to breathe and to create organic substances.
Watch an educational video from 5.55
What properties does air have?
More details about the properties.
Now you see everything around you: walls, computer, closet, outside the window - houses, trees, clouds. Can we see air? IN Tell me that air is everywhere around us?Does he exist at all? Maybe it was invented? Shall we prove it?
Study 1 .
Take a straw and place it in a glass of water. Blow lightly into the straw. What appeared? will appear air bubbles.
Conclusion: With the help of vision, air can still be detected in some cases.
Look at houseplants. What color are they? What about your walls? What color do you think the air is?
Let's discover the first property of air: air invisible and colorless
.
Study 2 . Now take a deep breath, what did you feel?...Does the air smell anything? What about the smells in a candy store or pharmacy? ...We feel smell when particles of a substance enter our nose.
Conclusion: Clean the air has no odor.
Study 3 . Can you taste the air? Lick it.What properties of air will we discover?
Conclusion: the air has no taste
Study 4. Pick up a book. What shape is it? Now try to pick up the air. Happened?Does air have a form?
Conclusion: air has no form.
Study 5.The air is elastic
Take the ball and squeeze it with your hands. Hit the ball on the floor. What are you observing? What property of air was discovered?
Now look at these two balls. Which one is more elastic? Why?
Can I make the first ball as elastic as the second? What do I need to do?…. That's right, add air. What happens to the ball when we add air?...... (The air is compressed).
You probably have a bicycle. What property of air is used when inflating the inner tube of a bicycle wheel with a pump? ….. also jumping on sports bikes is done precisely because of the air in the tires.
Where else is this property used?…..
Study 6. Air is lighter than water, that is, less dense than water.
Fill a cup with water. Try drowning a tennis ball in it. What are you observing? What property of air was discovered?
This is why you are not afraid to swim while wearing a life preserver.
Study 7. Air is a poor conductor of heat.
Why do house windows have double glazing? What's between the frames? What property of air is manifested here?
That's right, between these double glasses there is air that keeps the cold out and the house becomes much warmer. Since air has low density, it conducts heat poorly.
If the air does not conduct heat well, why does the ground under the snow remain warm and the roots of plants do not freeze? H The same thing warms the earth, or does it snow?….
There is air between the snowflakes; it does not allow the cold to pass through.
Think about how the birds sit when it’s frosty outside? Why?…. What happens to animal fur in winter?...
The fur of animals and the feathers of birds do not warm by themselves, but the air between them warms. When it’s cold, animals raise their fur, birds groom themselves, and people put on a warm sweater or fur coat.
Study 8. Expands when heated
Why do people in the bathhouse climb onto the shelves, closer to the ceiling, to take a steam bath? Why are batteries installed in rooms below, under the window? What happens to hot air?
Yes, when the air heats up, the air expands, that is, it becomes lighter and rises.
Now can you explain by what principle a hot air balloon flies?
What about Chinese lanterns?
Can there be the same temperature: day and night? winter and summer? at the poles and at the equator?
What happens to heated air? (Rises). What is taking up the vacant space? (Cold air).
This means that on Earth there is a constant movement of air, and the wind simply blows.
Wind is the movement of air.
Winds bring both benefit and harm.
Imagine for a moment that there is no wind on Earth. There is no wind in our industrialized city, where there are factories, factories, mines, open-pit mines, and explosions. What will happen?
Chimneys from factories and factories emit smoke high into the sky. Powerful winds blow there at altitude. They pick up clouds of smoke and tear them to shreds, disperse them, mix them with clean air, and quickly reduce the danger of toxic gases. Tall chimneys divert trouble away from people living nearby.
There are winds that bring a lot of trouble.
How do people use the properties of water?
Man has long learned to use the power of air as a source of energy.
He invented sail
, which allowed him to go on a journey.
Already 2-3 thousand years ago, the Egyptians sailed along Mediterranean Sea on completely perfect sailing ships.
In the Middle Ages they built wind wheels
for housework.
However, even in modern times, the wind engine plays an increasingly important role, since, unlike other sources, it does not pollute the atmosphere.
One way to travel through the air is a balloon filled with lighter-than-air gas or simply heated air. The beginning of the era of aeronautics should be considered the year 183, when the Montgolfier brothers took to the air at hot-air balloon filled with hot air.
You can’t rely on water reliably—it’s liquid. However, a water skier can do this if he develops sufficient speed. Air is even less dense than water. But if you develop higher speed, then it turns out you can rely on it. This discovery made it possible to create more advanced aircraft.
Ability to travel through the air aircraft due to the fact that air has a buoyant force. For example, if you fill a balloon with a lighter gas - hydrogen, then they will fly upward. 
A parachute can glide through the air due to the density of the air.
You know that when water is heated it turns into steam, a gaseous state, and if the steam is cooled, it turns into a liquid state again.
It turns out that any gas can also be turned into a liquid if it is cooled. Only this will require a very low temperature.
Carbon dioxide , cooled to a solid state, is used to freeze food and is called dry ice. And it melts at -78 degrees C.
Liquid nitrogen is formed at a temperature of -196 degrees C. It is used in medicine.
Clean oxygen used for breathing of patients. They fill scuba tanks for underwater breathing. There are oxygen masks on planes for emergencies.
Liquid oxygen is needed to oxidize fuel. spaceships. After all, without oxygen, not only breathing is impossible, but also combustion.
We all understand that our planet simply needs air. It should be protected!
