How to make elastic plasticine. How to make smart plasticine with your own hands: an interesting toy for the whole family. Types of baby clay you can make at home

The giant planets are four planets that cannot be confused with the four terrestrial planets, not only in their size, but also in their chemical components. Look at the photo.

The giant planets are huge, gaseous, rich in hydrogen and rarefied, but the planets of the Earth group, on the contrary, are small, dense, solid and poor in hydrogen. You will learn interesting facts that are known to scientists about the giant planets. All the most interesting and unusual about the mysterious major planets Oh.

Chemical composition

The chemical components of the giant planets are similar to the chemical components of the universe, they are basically composed of helium and hydrogen.

But the planets of the Earth group have a completely different composition - the Earth does not have the wealth of hydrogen that the Universe has.

The most extreme (outer) planet of the sun. system is the giant Pluto. He is a rare exception to general scheme- the chemical components of this planet are close to the Earth group, but its dimensions are closer to the sizes of the giant group. Most likely, it can be compared with satellites of distant planets.

So, the giant planets in our system: Neptune, Jupiter, Uranus, Saturn.

Such planets are much larger than the planets of our Earth group, many times, for example, the smallest member of this group (Uranus) is almost fifteen times larger than our home planet (to be more precise, fourteen and a half times).

The largest planet is Jupiter

The largest, even among the giant planets, is Jupiter. The name of this planet was coined by ancient astronomers. That was the name of the ancient head of the entire Roman pantheon of gods. Jupiter is the fifth planet closest to the sun. Its atmosphere is about eighty-four percent hydrogen and fifteen percent helium. In addition, there are small patches of acetylene, ethane, ammonia, phosphine, methane, and water vapor.

Jupiter is covered by a shell of an ocean of hydrogen. The huge difference between Jupiter and other planets is that Jupiter emits radio emission, which we can register here on Earth.

The surface of the giant planets is neither solid nor liquid.

At the very top of the surface are gases, which, approaching the center of the planet, turn into a liquid state.

By the way, it is precisely this phenomenon that allows us to say that the giant planets do not have a surface, that is, about a state when there is no obvious transition from a gaseous to a solid or liquid state.

In view of the fact that the surface of the planets themselves is not completely solid, the rotation of the planet itself does not occur entirely, but, as it were, in layers. The equatorial zone is subject to the fastest rotation, and the zone of poles is the slowest zone of rotation.

Satellites of the major planets

Each giant planet has its own satellites.

In total, the planet Jupiter is known to date about fifteen satellites.

The planet Saturn has seventeen moons.

The planet Uranus has five satellites.

And Neptune has two satellites.

All these satellites are called moons. So, for some of their named moons, the dimensions are the same as those of our Moon, those of the Earth, and sometimes even several times larger than our Moon in area.

Most large satellites any giant planet (for example, Titan, Io, Ganymede) have a rarefied atmosphere around them. Smaller satellites, the size of which is equal to or smaller than the Moon, have no atmosphere at all. Actually, there are forty-four satellites in total.

The satellite system of any giant planets is similar to the solar system, but in a more small size. The greatest similarity to our system is the satellite system of the planet Jupiter. By the way, the origin of the satellites themselves is similar to the formation of planetary systems, but meanwhile, there is a theory that some of the satellites previously themselves were independent celestial bodies, which were later simply caught by the gravity (gravity) of other planets, when the satellites simply passed close past those planets.

planetary rings

Most people know that the giant planet Saturn has its own rings.

However, few people know that other giant planets also have rings, which, however, are not as pronounced as those of the planet Saturn. For the rest of the planets, these rings are very poorly distinguishable when viewed with the naked eye and an untrained person.

Each giant planet has its own solid core in the center.

By the standards of the giant planets themselves, this core is quite small, but if we compare these cores with the cores of the terrestrial planets, then any of them is much larger than the cores of the terrestrial planets.

And here is another interesting fact about Jupiter!

The attraction on Jupiter is somewhat different than on Earth. If on our planet a person weighs about one hundred kilograms, then on Jupiter his weight will be two hundred and sixty-four kilograms.

And the planet itself is much more land- three hundred and eighteen times, and the core of Jupiter is eleven times larger than the Earth's. Weighing Jupiter more mass all other planets in solar system seventy percent.

Jupiter's rotation speed is much more speed any other planet in our sun. systems. This is probably why a day on Jupiter lasts only ten hours. However, Jupiter will need twelve Earth years to complete its revolution around the sun.

Surely you managed to notice from the pictures that 1 large reddish spot is visible on Jupiter?

This spot is nothing more than a storm that has been going on for three hundred years.

Do not miss. . .

Cheaper modern technologies more and more often leads to the fact that even toys familiar in our childhood quite unexpectedly acquire a new, atypical look and properties that stagger the imagination of the older generation. Take at least the same plasticine - ordinary plasticine is also used to this day, but has long been no longer a fashion statement, since the developers have already come up with varieties of it that have practically nothing to do with the original material.

Today we will talk about magnetic clay - a special toy that can serve as an amazing material for creativity, and will also become much more interesting and an exciting activity than fun with newfangled spinners.

What is magnetic clay?

Magnetic plasticine is a "smart" plasticine, additionally endowed with magnetic properties. Since a huge number of people still have no idea even about smart plasticine, one should, for starters, dwell on what it is.

In fact, chemical composition conventional and smart plasticine are very different. Smart plasticine, like most of the great inventions of mankind, came into being by chance - as a by-product of chemical experiments aimed at creating new materials with improved properties.

The waste, first obtained in 1943, also being completely atypical in its qualities, for decades could not find any use for itself in the field thanks to which it appeared, that is, in industry.

Much later, someone came up with the bright idea that unused plastic mass can be used instead of classic plasticine, which it outperforms in a number of useful parameters. Now this substance, which has rapidly captured the shelves of children's stores, has finally become widely known, and in English language got the name Handgam (handgum - literally "gum for hands").

Here are some more facts you didn't know about handgaming:

• Today it is a very popular children's toy that can be found in any toy store. big city peace.

• Since the product itself is very funny, and even allows for numerous interesting experiments with it, it is openly recommended by psychologists not only to children, but also to adults.
• For greater commercial attractiveness, manufacturers try to give the initially colorless and odorless mass a bright color and some kind of “tasty” smell.
• It is difficult to list the specific properties of smart plasticine, since it is available in many varieties; the same applies to the magnetic subspecies, but at least it is united common feature- a characteristic reaction to the magnet.
• Although it is undesirable to take magnetic clay by mouth and in no case should you eat it, when used externally, it is completely harmless to humans, except in cases of an allergic reaction to a dye or flavor.

Kinds

The special charm of smart plasticine is that it does not have a specific recipe and strict proportions. Rather, there is a certain range of required ingredients to which additional ones can be added to provide exactly the properties that the buyer wants.

In particular, magnetic plasticine is ordinary smart plasticine, but with the addition of the smallest metal crumb, which is not visually noticeable, however, is present in sufficient quantity to cause the material to bend bizarrely towards any magnet located close enough. This variability of the composition allows you to create a huge number of types of magnetic plasticine.

First of all, it differs in its color and smell. These criteria have little bearing on the actual use of the product, but are often main reason choice in favor of this particular product, and not any other.

Modern food colorings and flavorings allow you to give the mass any color and flavor, but usually it comes in bright colors and with a strong sweet smell - fruit or chocolate.

According to these indicators, it is worth choosing a toy, starting only from your own preferences.

It should be noted that in terms of color solutions, there are completely non-standard options- for example, transparent plasticine, or a mass of any color that can glow in the dark. Glowing plasticine looks very impressive, especially if you have already figured out how you can amazingly put it into practice.

Depending on specific needs, magnetic plasticine can be of completely different consistency - from completely liquid to almost solid. Liquid and soft versions are often purchased for children, who use them mainly for creativity, but more elastic varieties are used by adults as an anti-stress, a kind of “chewing gum” for hands.

The very fact that this mixture is able to interact with a magnet allows you to have fun even more actively, stretching a piece of mass without touching it, or forcing a molded figure to “reach out” to a magnet.

Properties

So, magnetic smart plasticine is a soft or liquid substance that easily lends itself to attempts to change its shape. The product is initially produced in different densities and elasticity, however, its properties can also be influenced at home - for this, the mass is mixed with a small amount of water, hand cream, or other substances, but here you need to be careful if you don’t know for sure from what your copy is made of. Regardless of the density, the magnetic handgam must be magnetized.

A separate moment is the interaction of magnetic plasticine with a magnet. If ordinary metal objects attract, literally breaking away, then the handgum, being a rather large and heavy bunch with elastic properties, generally remains in place, but stretches towards the magnet.

The classic example to describe is the figurine of an elephant's head molded from such a material; if you bring the magnet close to the tip of the trunk, and then start moving it from side to side, then the trunk will, as it were, follow the movement.

In direct close contact with a piece of magnet, the handgam completely envelops it, pulling together from all sides; if the magnet is on the bottom, and a large enough piece of such plasticine is placed on top, it will even lift the magnet to envelop it from all sides! At the same time, it is not at all difficult to get a magnet from the “captivity”, and there will be no traces left on it.

By the way, about traces. Magnetic plasticine, unlike the classic one, does not stick to anything other than a similar substance. This is very convenient, because you can not be afraid of stains on clothes, furniture, tables or other interior items. good sample does not stick to hands either, that is, we are dealing with a completely neutral substance.

Other characteristics may differ from recipe to recipe, but we will highlight at least some points. For example, when hit, some types of hard handgam break into pieces, others deform according to the principle of ordinary plasticine, while others are resistant to such impact and only spring in response, like a ball. At the same time, some solid varieties, being attached to a vertical surface, begin to flow and drip down in a matter of minutes without any additional impact.

The reaction of the material to an attempt to stretch is also different - some plasticine stretches perfectly, while the other easily breaks into pieces. Some types of magnetic plasticine under the influence of heat can even change their color.

Separate inexpensive varieties of toys dry out quickly enough, which negatively affects their elasticity. On the Internet you can find various recommendations on how to make the toy softer, but again, it is important to know the exact chemical composition of a particular instance. In addition, the material can be softened only until it has completely hardened, otherwise it is impossible to restore its original flexibility.

Role in development

Modern experts note the unique properties of magnetic plasticine, which allows it to be not just a toy for the banal killing of time, but a valuable acquisition that can help its owner and bring him real benefits. Here are some useful results noted first of all:

• Since even an innocent game with smart plasticine requires a certain destructive effort, such a mass is excellent. helps to reduce the level of aggression both in a child and in an adult. Everyone is familiar with the situation when, in a fit of rage or extreme grief, a person wants to break or break something. At such a moment, valuable things often come across at hand, but it is better to vent aggression on a toy that already does not have any specific form, therefore it will not suffer from too violent emotions.

• For children, magnetic clay is also a great way to develop fine motor skills hands kids preschool age so far they don’t control their fingers too well, but they simply have to learn - it will come in handy in life. Instead of doing it through some boring, uninteresting exercises, they can practice by playing, even if they don't make any meaningful figures out of the mass.

If the child is excellent at giving the product some very specific complex shape, magnetic plasticine will allow you to identify and develop talent as early as possible - what if your kid can become a famous sculptor or designer?

• A bright, pleasantly smelling, beautiful toy does not at all imply that a child or an adult will be bored with it. Psychologists note that it helps to take free time and distracts from any negative thoughts. In other words, it is an excellent and completely harmless antidepressant.
• In addition to the development of motor skills, handgam also contributes to strengthening the muscles of the hand. In a sense, this is a kind of expander, but if a child is unlikely to be interested in repeatedly squeezing an ordinary spring, then he will play with a beautiful plastic mass even without mentioning possible benefits such an occupation. Daily “training” for at least half an hour will allow you to quickly make your baby’s hands strong beyond their years.

In addition, such a result of using “gum for hands” has long been noticed by doctors who recommend playing with magnetic clay for those who have had serious hand injuries, including those with suturing.

• With the help of the chosen color of the toy, you can try to make certain adjustments to the particular behavior of the baby. It is no secret that bright, defiant tones provoke activity in children, while calm, pastel ones, on the contrary, soothe. It is very likely that magnetic plasticine will become a child's favorite toy, with which he will spend a lot of time, and then the psychological effect of her color will be very noticeable.

As with any other product, the quality of handgam can vary greatly, depending on the integrity of the manufacturer and the ingredients used in the production process. On the one side, low prices usually indicate not the highest quality, on the other hand, sometimes it makes no sense to overpay for qualities that are simply not needed. Here are a few useful advice how to choose the best magnetic clay:

• The degree of magnetization of each individual magnetic clay is different, in addition, it can be differently magnetized to different magnets. Because of this, experts advise giving preference to those sets where the manufacturer initially put both plasticine and a magnet - when buying via the Internet, this will be the only relative guarantee that the product fully meets expectations.

When buying a product in a store, be sure to check its magnetic qualities, even if the magnet is included in the kit.

• The transparent variety of magnetic clay seems much less attractive., but it has its own, very practical advantage. The fact is that many young children are very sensitive to any dyes that cause them allergies. Since you certainly cannot say for sure in advance whether the dye used in this particular model will provoke an allergy in your child, it is better to give preference to those models in which there are no dyes at all. The rest of the ingredients are generally non-allergenic, so this precaution should work.

For this reason, users are advised to overpay a little, but purchase Russian products. The only company engaged in the production of magnetic plasticine in Russia is Magic World.

A short video review of magnetic plasticine is waiting for you in the next video.