Description of the girl's umbrella, the place of distribution of the fungus. Description of the girl's umbrella, the place of distribution of the fungus Mushrooms umbrellas are inedible and poisonous: types and photos

This handsome man got his gentle name for a reason. The girlish umbrella mushroom really has a special charm inherent in female gender. He is gentle and beautiful, but he rarely comes across a mushroom picker. Where does a girl's umbrella grow and what does it look like?

Umbrella girl (Leucoagaricus puellaris) - edible kind mushrooms of the Champignon family. For a long time mycologists considered it a subspecies of the blushing umbrella fungus and classified it as a representative of the genus called Macrolepiota, which unites most of the "umbrella" species. The hero of our article, by the way, has a Latin synonym - Leucoagaricus nympharum.

• the hat in young representatives of the species resembles an egg, then gradually takes the form of an umbrella, a bell, or becomes convex. In the middle there is a low tubercle darker than the skin color. The diameter ranges from 4-10 cm. The entire outer part of the cap is covered with thin flaky scales of whitish or light brown shade, while they are absent on the tubercle. Flakes darken with age. The skin itself is creamy or almost white. The thin edge of the cap becomes fringed due to scales;
• the stem is cylindrical, rarely curved, tapering in the upper part, a tuberous formation is located at the base. Hollow inside, high and thin, from 7 to 12-16 cm high, while its thickness is only 6-10 mm. The skin of the leg is smooth to the touch, white in young representatives of the species and dirty brownish in mature ones. In the upper part there is a ring formed from the remains of the bedspread. There is no Volvo. The ring is quite wide and mobile, has a wavy edge and is covered with flakes;
• the flesh of the cap is thin, in the stem it is fibrous. It has a white color, but when damaged, it changes color to reddish. It has the smell of radish, but it does not have a special taste;
• the plates are free and can be easily separated from the cap, quite often located, even. Whitish in color with a slight pink tinge, turning brown as the fruiting body grows and when damaged;
• spores cream or white, elliptical in shape.

Places of distribution and fruiting period

The maiden umbrella mushroom prefers to grow in mixed or pine forest belts, sometimes in meadows. Distribution area - northern countries Europe, Primorsky Krai of Russia, Sakhalin (for the most part, this fungus is found precisely on the territory of Eurasia). It grows both singly and in groups from August to October.

Girl's parasol mushroom is a rare species, now listed in the Red Book of Belarus. It was included in the list of protected species on the territory of Russia back in the days of Soviet Union. Until now, its number has not been restored. In addition, it varies quite a lot from year to year. Until June 1, 2005, it was in the list of Red Book species. Russian Federation, is now included in some regional Red Books (in the Khabarovsk and Primorsky Territories, in Altai, in Kemerovo, Saratov, Sakhalin, Astrakhan regions, as well as in the Republics of Tyva, Adygea, Bashkortostan).

Similar species and how to distinguish from them

The girl's umbrella resembles edible umbrella blushing (Chlorophyllum rhacodes). But in the latter, the cap has a darker color, and the flesh, when damaged, quickly acquires a red-brown hue. Yes, and the size of the double mushroom is larger.

Edibility

The girlish umbrella is considered little known edible mushroom III category.

Despite the fact that on this moment in most regions of Russia, this type of umbrella is excluded from the Red Book, it is still not recommended to collect it, since the number of the fungus has not yet been restored. Blame the annual Forest fires, irresponsible attitude of man to nature. However, the fungus is well cultivated and can be grown naturally.

Umbrella girlish- mushroom of the champignon family. In the old systems of taxonomy, it belonged to the genus Macrolepiota (Macrolepiota) and was considered a species of blushing umbrella mushroom. It is edible, but because it is rare and subject to protection, it is not recommended to collect it.

Description

The umbrella fungus is a basidiomycote. It belongs to the class Agaricomycetes, is included in the order Agariaceae, the Champignon family. Most umbrellas are included in the genus Macrolepiota.

The name of the fruit was due to the elongated legs. At its end there is a dome hat, which looks like an umbrella-cane in the open state.

Hat

The cap reaches 10-40 cm, depending on the type of fruit. The lower part is up to 38-45 cm in length. The upper one is whitish with patches. These are the scales that the umbel mushroom may show when ripe. The shape of the cap varies from ovoid and hemispherical to almost flat, resembling a wide umbrella.

Regardless of the variety, the fruits have a central elevation, similar to a small mound.

The plates are often located, poorly attached to the leg. As the fetus grows, they darken, gray. Spores are white or cream.

Leg

The lower part of the fruit is cylindrical, sometimes even or inclined. Inside it is hollow, painted when cut. At the base there is a small compaction similar to tubers.

The leg has a narrow or wide ring. It is filmy in structure. It's easy to move it. The color of the ring is white or brown. It is two-tone: white at the top and dark at the bottom.

Ecology and distribution of the maiden umbrella

These mushrooms grow in soil mixed and pine forests as well as in the meadows. They may occur alone, but rare cases come across not large groups.

Girlish umbrellas are common in Eurasia: in France, Poland, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Germany, Ukraine, Estonia, Finland, as well as in the British Isles. In our country, these mushrooms are found on Sakhalin and Primorsky Krai, in the European part of Russia they are extremely rare.

The harvest season is August-October.

The number of girlish umbrellas

In many regions of distribution, these mushrooms are rare, so they need protection. The girl's umbrella is in the Red Book of Russia and Belarus, it is also marked in the Red Books of many regions.

Throughout the distribution area, the number of the girl's umbrella is small, in addition, it is subject to significant fluctuations.

Reasons for the disappearance

The factors that reduce the population of such a fungus are:

• frequent forest fires;
• excessive deforestation;
• Soil pollution;
• soil compaction, in particular being trampled by livestock;
• high recreational loads.

The maiden umbrella mushroom lends itself well to cultivation, which makes it possible to keep it as a pure culture, as well as to breed it in natural conditions.

Similar species

Umbrella blushing

the only similar mushroom the umbrella is considered reddening. That is why for some time they were classified as one group. visual difference consists in a darker hat, as well as its large size - it reaches 15 cm in diameter. The umbel blushing at a young age also has an ovoid shape, and later becomes similar to its name. You can collect it from July to October, it grows in mixed or spruce forests. Frequent neighbor of anthills. At the peak of fruiting it is found growing in large groups. An edible mushroom that has excellent taste, but its leg is rather tough, so it is cooked without it.

Edibility

The girl's umbrella is considered a little-known edible mushroom of category III. Despite the fact that at the moment in most regions of Russia this type of umbrella is excluded from the Red Book, it is still not recommended to collect it, since the number of the fungus has not yet been restored. The reason for this is the annual forest fires, the irresponsible attitude of man to nature. However, the fungus is well cultivated and can be grown naturally.

Red Book

In many regions of distribution, the girlish umbrella is rare and requires protection. It was listed in the Red Book of the USSR, now - in the Red Book of Russia, Belarus, in many regional Red Books.

Evaluation of taste, medicinal properties, benefits and possible harm

The species does not have any medicinal properties. It is used fried and boiled, good in salads and as a separate dish. The leg is usually not used for cooking, but it is indispensable for mushroom broth. After boiling, it must be discarded. Caution should be exercised in use in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, diseases of the pancreas or liver. A large number of fungus is harmful even to a healthy organism. With uncontrolled consumption, bloating occurs, spasms and pain are possible. Children under 5 years old, as well as lactating women, are not allowed to eat it.

Latin name: Leucogaricus puellaris
Department: Basidiomycetes
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaric
Family: Champignon
Genus: White champignon
Mushroom cap (in diameter, cm): 4-7
Spores: colorless, smooth, ellipsoid, 8-9×5-5.5 µm, pseudo-amyloid, metachromatic, with sprouting pore, containing a fluorescent drop
Season: August-October
Habitat: Grows on soil in pine and mixed forests, in meadows, appears singly or in groups
Edibility: edible

The mushroom cap has a diameter of 4 to 7 cm, can reach 10 cm. The shape changes from ovoid to convex, bell-shaped or umbrella-shaped, with a low tubercle. The edges of the cap are thin, fringed. The surface layer is almost white color, densely covered with significant fibrous scales, which have a white or light hazel color when young, darken with age, especially in the middle of the cap, a tubercle of a brownish hue, glabrous.

The pulp is white, when cut at the base of the leg, the color changes to reddish, there is a smell of radish, without characteristic taste properties.

Stipe

The height of the stem is from 7 to 12 cm, sometimes reaching 16 cm, thickness is from 0.6 to 1 cm. The surface layer is smooth, whitish in color, changing with age to dirty brown.

The location of the plates is frequent, free. The plates are simply separable from the cap. The color is white with a pink tint, darkens with time, when pressed, the color changes to brown.

On the upper part of the leg there is a ring, whitish in color, mobile in nature, with a wavy edge, with a flaky coating. Volvo is not available.

Spore powder of white or cream color. Spores are uncolored, ellipsoidal in shape, with a smooth surface. It grows on soil in pine and mixed forests, in meadow places, singly or forming groups. Grows in Eurasia. In the Russian Federation, it is found on the territory of Primorsky Krai, Sakhalin, less often in the European part. The fruiting season begins in August and lasts until October, inclusive.

A similar view is edible parasol mushroom reddening, the difference is the hat is darker colored, the pulp section is intensely stained, larger size. The girl's umbrella mushroom is inscribed in the Red Book of Russia, Belarus and many regions. The threats affecting the extinction of mushrooms are excessive deforestation, fires, compaction and soil pollution. The fungus is an edible mushroom.

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Macrolepiota puellaris

Photo - kataloggribov.ru

Mushroom-umbrella girlish - description

In the parasol mushroom, the girl's hat has a diameter of 4 to 10 cm, it is thin-fleshy in shape, in young mushrooms it is ovoid, spherical, later it turns into a convex prostrate, in the center there is a barely protruding tubercle. Even older mushrooms have an umbrella-shaped hat. The color of the cap is white, the tubercle is pale brownish, naked, and the rest of the surface of the cap is covered with white scales.

The leg of the mushroom umbrella girl has a length of 6-12 cm, a diameter of 0.6-1 cm. The leg is central, in the upper part it is narrower, towards the bottom it expands, naked, fibrous, smooth. The color of the stem is initially off-white and later off-brown. In the upper part of the leg of the mushroom, the girlish umbrella has a simple wide lagging white ring.

The flesh of the girl's umbrella is white, slightly reddening at the base of the leg at the break, the smell is rare, the taste is unexpressed.

The plates of the girl's parasol mushroom are free, frequent, with a smooth edge, initially white, with time they become light pink, and if touched, they become dirty brown in this place.

The spore powder of this fungus is whitish, whitish-cream. The spores themselves are colorless, smooth, with occasional sprouting, ellipsoid-ovoid in shape. The size of the spores of this umbrella is 8-9x5-5.5 microns.

The maiden umbrella mushroom grows on the soil in pine and mixed forests, in meadows, from August to September.

The girl's umbrella mushroom is edible, eaten fresh, but only its hat is suitable for food, since the leg is too hard.

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Scientific name - Leucoagaricus nympharum (Kalchbr.) Bon, 1977

Macrolepiota puellaris (Fr.) Mos.

Description. Humus saprophyte. Vegetative body - a branched mycelium is located in the soil or substrate. On the surface of the mycelium, from August to September, fruiting bodies develop, consisting of a cap and a leg. Hat 4-10 cm in diameter, at first ovoid, spherical, then convex-prostrate, umbellate, white, in the middle with a pale brownish, barely protruding, bare tubercle; the surface of the cap is covered with lagging scales, the edge is fringed; the plates are free, with a smooth edge, white, later light pinkish, becoming dirty brown when touched.

Stalk tapering upwards, tuberous thickened downwards, glabrous, at first off-white, then off-brown, fibrous, with apical widely lagging white ring; the flesh is white, slightly reddish at the base of the leg at the break, with the smell of radish, without much taste. On the underside of the cap, spore-forming organs form in the layer of plates.

Distribution and habitat. In Russia only Far East(Primorsky Krai). It is also noted in Ukraine and the Baltic states. In the Saratov region, it is found in the Saratov region in the deciduous forest.

limiting factors. Habitat disturbance and soil compaction.

Accepted and necessary measures protection. Included in the Red Book of the RSFSR. It is necessary to search for new locations and control the state of travel, artificial breeding fungus in protected areas.

Information sources: 1. Vasilyeva, 1978; 2. Dudka, Wasser, 1987; 3. Komirnaya, Kostetsky, unpubl. data; 4. Plants, 1988. Authors-compilers: O.N. Komirnaya, O.V. Kostecki.