Canada lynx black bear. Canadian lynx - description, habitat, way of life. North American Lynx Lifestyle

Canada lynx- a representative of the wild cat world, which cannot be found as pet. Incomparable and unique grace, smooth movements, predation and cat habits - common features, which perfectly describe the Canadian lynx.

The Canadian lynx differs from other subspecies of lynx in its rather modest size. Height the animal at the withers reaches no more than 65 cm, the body length from 80 to 117 cm. Weight adult lynx ranges from 8 to 14 kg.

Distinctive features of the Canadian lynx:

1. There are long ears tassels made of wool.
2. On the muzzle on both sides are clearly visible whiskers.
3. Tail– short, chopped off.
4. Pupils of the eyes have a round shape.
5. Paws– long with well-developed and strong muscles, the hind legs are slightly longer than the front legs.
6. Wool– thick and lush, gives the animal protection in cold weather and retains the necessary amount of moisture in the summer heat. The maximum length of the pile is 5 cm.
7. Color– predominance gray colors interspersed with brown shades. There are spots all over the surface of the fur white having different sizes. The tail, ear tufts and whiskers are painted deep black.

Structural features body, muscularity and power provide incredible grace and flexibility of movement, which makes the Canadian lynx an unrivaled hunter.

Where do they live?

The Canadian lynx can be found throughout the meridian. Representatives of this breed live in Canada, Alaska, coniferous forests northern part of America. Lynx can often be found in states such as Idaho, Washington and Colorado.

Are there any enemies?

IN wildlife Canada lynx is afraid brown bears. The animal will also prefer to avoid encounters with wolves. But her excellent sense of smell and ultra-fine sense of smell gives her the opportunity to anticipate trouble in advance and prevent a meeting with the enemy. If the meeting was unexpected, the lynx will easily escape from the potential offender due to its ability to quickly climb trees.

Habits and hunting

The Canadian lynx is a natural nomad. The animal loves solitude, prefers not to sit in one place for a long time, regularly changing its place of residence, but without leaving its possessions.

One Canadian lynx covers about 70 km 2 of land.

Without fail, each representative of the breed marks his possessions, leaving scratches from his claws on tree bark, stone rocks, and irrigating the grass with drops of his urine.

The Canadian lynx differs from representatives of other subspecies in that it goes hunting not only at night, but also willingly supplements its diet during the day. This is an excellent hunter who tirelessly tracks his prey for a long time, taking a convenient position on a tree. To track prey, the Canadian lynx uses its ultra-fine sense of smell and is also excellent at navigating by smell.

A lynx can sit in ambush for hours, waiting for the right time to attack its prey. Flexibility and strong muscular limbs give the animal the opportunity to overtake its prey in several jumps, each of which will reach a length of up to 3 meters.

Nutrition

The Canadian lynx's favorite food is rabbit meat. An adult lynx itself destroys 150-200 forest hares, playing the role of a kind of traffic controller natural selection rapidly breeding rodents. Hare meat makes up about 80% of the diet graceful predator. Other foods that predators would not mind periodically eating include fish, deer, and small rodents, such as mice, beavers, and sheep.

Lynx is a thrifty animal. If the hunt was very successful, and the feeling of satiety gave complete satisfaction, the animal will hide the excess results of its hunt in the ground, digging it in a little, or dig a hole in the snow. Such hiding places are quickly opened by other predators, which is why the Canadian lynx often runs the risk of being left without a supply of provisions. When the lynx is full, it rests, and goes hunting only when necessary to satisfy its hunger.

Reproduction and offspring

The mating season of the Canadian lynx begins in the second half of February-March. The male leaves his territory to find a suitable female. Often the choice of a male can fall on several females at the same time. Lynxes do not live in families; immediately after fertilization, each one returns to its own territory and continues life alone. Canadian lynxes are exclusively solitary animals. They pair up only during the period.

The gestation period lasts about 60-70 days.

Anticipating the approach of childbirth, the female begins to equip her den, using dense thickets of bushes for this. Pregnant females love to settle in rocky crevices, where they feel completely safe. Suitable for reproducing offspring and hollows in trees.

One litter consists of 2-5 lynx cubs, weighing about 300 g each. Lynx cubs are born blind, they are absolutely helpless and completely need their mother. The eyes of the offspring open 14 days after birth. Lynx cubs have bright Blue eyes, delicate fur and fragile body. As a rule, looking at this cute fluffy ball, it is difficult to imagine that in the future it will grow into a dangerous predator.

Up to 2 months, kittens eat only mother's milk; from 3 months, mother brings them hare meat. Lynx cubs learn to hunt gradually. As soon as the babies turn 5 months old, they begin to go hunting with their mother. Until the period when the lynx cubs remain with their mother, they go hunting only with her.

As soon as the lynx cubs reach 10 months of age, they must leave their mother's den. During this period, the time comes for the next mating, so the female leaves her grown-up babies and goes in search of a male. By this time, the lynx cubs are already sufficiently trained to live independently and hunt.

How does an animal behave in captivity?

If a Canadian lynx encounters a person in the wild, it will prefer to hide from him, without showing any interest or fear.

Lynxes often settle near settlements and come close enough to houses, but will never make an attempt to get close to a person or attack him.

In captivity, the Canadian lynx lives only in private and public zoos. In the wild, lynxes live for about 10 years, but in captivity they are unlikely to live much longer, even with proper care. They quickly get used to being around people.

If a small lynx is in captivity, it will quickly get used to people, will often be in their company, and allow itself to be petted. However, most of the time the domesticated Canadian lynx will be alone.

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Features of keeping as a pet

The Canadian lynx is an absolute predator; living in an apartment is strictly excluded. Some exotic lovers want to get a Canadian lynx as a pet. In this case, it is important to remember that such animals can only be in a private house with a large local area. In addition, it is preferable to organize an outdoor enclosure for the Canadian lynx, where it will feel especially comfortable in winter.

Caring for a lynx is not particularly difficult. It is important to provide the animal with living conditions that are as close as possible to natural environment. It is recommended to feed the lynx raw meat rabbit and greens, fish. You should not give your animal fatty meats, such as pork.

In addition to the organization with an almost daily presence of rabbit or hare meat, small rodents and birds in the diet, it is necessary to give the animal the opportunity to show its hunting instinct - to hunt live game. It is necessary to regularly ensure that the lynx hunts a live hare; sometimes small rodents can be allowed in instead of a hare.

Hunting is required condition For normal life predator in captivity. If the Canadian lynx stops hunting altogether, this will lead to a weakening of its immunity, the animal will begin to waste away, which will negatively affect general condition health.

Where can I buy

You can buy a Canadian lynx at a private or public zoo; it is almost impossible to find an animal from breeders. Nurseries for breeding Canadian lynx are practically not found, and they are located only in the regions of the animal’s immediate habitat. The cost of a lynx kitten starts from several thousand dollars.

Fans of such an exotic wild animal should understand that, having adopted a Canadian lynx, they must provide it with everything necessary for normal growth, development and health.

Photo of Canadian lynx

Video about Canadian lynx

The Canadian lynx (Lynx canadensis) is a species of lynx that lives in North America(Alaska, Montana, Washington, Colorado, Idaho).

It is the closest relative of the common lynx (Lynx lynx).

North American are found mainly in the taiga, but can sometimes be found among rocky mountains and in the tundra.

The habitats of these cats are closely related to the habitats of white hares, which are the main prey for these predators.

Canadian lynxes can live close to people, but they avoid meeting people in every possible way.

There are two subspecies of the Canadian lynx:

Lynx canadensis canadensis Kerr, 1792, found throughout much of North America.

Lynx canadensis subsolanus Bangs, 1897, living on the island of Newfoundland.

Appearance

Despite all the external similarities from the common lynx, the Canadian lynx differs primarily in its smaller size, the body length of this species is from 86 to 117 cm (in the common lynx from 80 to 130), the height at the withers is from 60 to 65 cm (in the common lynx up to 70 cm.)

And the Canadian lynx weighs from 8 to 14 kg. (in zoos the weight can reach up to 20 kg.). An ordinary lynx weighs on average from 18 to 25 kg.

The fur is long - up to 5 centimeters and thick. The main fur color is grayish-brown or reddish with various white markings.

On the sides of the Canadian lynx's muzzle there is visible white fur, reminiscent snow flakes, some representatives of this species have a rare, pearl-blue color.

Ears with black tassels, short black tail.

Long paws with wide feet and retractable claws. The front paws are slightly smaller in size than the hind paws.

The peculiar structure of the body determines increased jumping ability, agility, swiftness in attack, and running speed.

Lifestyle and nutrition

Like all other lynxes, Canada cats are loners, except during the breeding season.

Males constantly move across a separate territory, which can be more than 100 sq. km, while leaving marks on trees along the border of their territory with urine and scratches.

The territories of females may partially overlap.

Confidently moving through deep and loose snow, the Canadian lynx remains invisible, hiding its tracks.

In search of food, lynxes have to travel long distances across any terrain; lynxes swim well even in cold water, move deftly through trees and mountains.

Having well-developed hearing and acute vision, lynxes hunt mainly at dusk or at night, although they can be active during the day.

It waits out bad weather in the thick of the forest or in a suitable cave.

The Canadian lynx feeds mainly on hares, so the size of its population directly depends on the number of these animals.

Rodents (squirrels, mice, beavers), red deer, foxes and birds (for example, pheasants) can be supplements to the main diet.

The lynx's daily menu consists of meat (1-3 kg per day).

Lynxes chase prey and then jump on it, although they can hunt and wait for their prey in ambush for several hours.

Females and cubs sometimes hunt hares in groups. One lynx scares the prey, and the rest line up and catch it. This hunting method can be very successful and is important in developing hunting techniques among young lynxes.

The Canadian lynx hides excess food in specially dug caches, which are often found by smaller predators and quickly taken away.

Well-fed lynxes prefer to rest, accumulating strength for a new hunt.

Reproduction

The mating season for Canadian lynxes usually runs from February to March. At this time, males and females unite in pairs, and near his possessions the male selects one or several females, fertilizes the chosen ones and moves away.

Caring for future cubs falls entirely on the mother.

Shortly before giving birth, she sets up a secluded den in dense bushes, rock crevices or tree hollows, where she waits for the offspring to appear.

The duration of a normal pregnancy in a female is from 63 to 70 days; in May–June, lynxes give birth to 1 to 5 kittens weighing up to 300 grams.

During the first months, the mother feeds the cubs with milk, and from the third month she feeds them with rabbits and mice.

Lynx kittens live with their mother for up to 10 months; the female goes hunting for prey with her five-month-old babies and follows this tradition throughout the entire period of cohabitation.

Having become sexually mature, young lynxes begin an independent life, and their mother begins new search future dad.

Canadian lynx (lat. Lynx Canadensis) - carnivorous mammal from the cat family (Felidae). It is closely related to the Eurasian (Lynx lynx), for a long time was considered its subspecies.

Since 2000, the animal has been under state protection in the United States, so hunting it is prohibited. In Canada, its shooting is regulated by quotas and licenses. It came to the American continent from Asia through the Bering Isthmus about 20 thousand years ago.

The southern population gradually evolved into a smaller ( Lynx rufus). At the border of their ranges, both species give rise to hybrid offspring, which in English literature are called Blynx or Lynxcat.

Spreading

Habitat covers western Canada, Alaska and northern regions American states Oregon, Idaho, Colorado and Wyoming. In Alaska, the species is absent in the delta of the Yukon and Kuskokwim rivers and in the south of the peninsula. It is also not observed on the northern coast of the mainland.

Initially, Canada lynxes were distributed from the forest line in the Arctic to the taiga in Canada and the United States. On this moment their distribution is associated with the habitat of (Lepus americanus), which forms the basis of the diet of predators. They are occasionally observed in New Brunswick and have been extirpated from Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island.

In 1960, a small, isolated population was discovered in New Hampshire in the northeastern United States.

These mammals inhabit mountain forests and wooded valleys, a little less often the tundra and open spaces. To date, 3 subspecies are known. Subspecies L.c. mollipilosus is found in Alaska, and L.c. subsolanus on the island of Newfoundland.

Behavior

The Canadian lynx leads a solitary lifestyle. She is a territorial animal and protects her hunting grounds from any encroachment by her fellow tribesmen. The home ranges of males are larger than those of females and partially overlap with them. Their area ranges from 100 to 300 square kilometers.

Property boundaries are heavily marked with urine. Stones and tree trunks are used for tags.

The predator has well-developed all senses. While stalking a victim main role hearing plays, allowing one to very accurately localize its location at night.

During the day, lynxes rest, hiding in their shelter. Shelters are always located high on rocks or in tree hollows. Predators are distinguished by their ability to quickly climb trunks and move along branches; they swim well and are able to overcome water obstacles by swimming at distances of up to 2500 m. Despite these skills, food is obtained exclusively on land.

In search of prey, the predator walks up to 8-9 km every night. Depending on the habitat, hares occupy from 35 to 97% of the daily menu. IN to a lesser extent The victims include ducks (Anatidae), black grouse (Tetraoninae), (Lagopus muta), squirrels (Scirius vulgaris), voles (Microtinae) and young ungulates (Ungulata). Occasionally fish and carrion are eaten.

Usually hunting is carried out from an ambush. The victim is overtaken by a lightning throw and killed with a bite to the neck. Quite rarely, predators attack (Rangifer tarandus) and (Ovis canadensis). They can only cope with sick and weakened ungulates.

In one day, one adult eats 600-1200 g of meat. Uneaten leftovers are hidden in a secluded place.

Reproduction

The mating season begins in March and ends in mid-April. Females reach sexual maturity at two years of age, and males a year later. Representatives of opposite sexes meet only for a short time to procreate. Estrus in females lasts from 3 to 5 days.

After mating, the partners separate. Pregnancy lasts about 9 weeks.

The female brings 2-4 cubs. In exceptional cases, when there is an abundance of food, there can be up to 8 babies in the brood. In hungry years, representatives of this species often refrain from reproducing.

Lynx cubs are usually born in a den under the roots of trees or under fallen dense spruce trees. At birth, they weigh from 175 to 235 g. Babies are born blind, but covered with soft, dense fur, which reliably protects them from the cold. The eyes open towards the end of the second week. Milk feeding lasts up to three months.

The development of lynx cubs depends entirely on the availability of food supply. With an abundance of food, by their first winter they gain weight of more than 4 kg, and in the absence of food, from 60 to 90% of them die from hunger.

Juveniles go fishing with their mother at the age of about 5 weeks. Teenagers watch her actions with obvious interest, and at 7 months they accept Active participation in the hunt. At 10 months old, young Canadian lynxes begin to live independently.

In search of their own home site, they are able to travel up to 1000 km from their birthplace.

Description

Body length 76-106 cm, tail 5-13 cm. Height at withers 50-60 cm. Males weigh 6-17 kg, and females 5-12 kg. In summer the fur is reddish-brown, in winter it is gray or grey-brown.

Dark spots are visible on the belly and paws. The legs are relatively long. The hind limbs are noticeably longer than the front ones, which makes it easier to move in high snow.

Paws are wide and covered hairline. The ears end in characteristic tufts. The tip of the tail is black. A characteristic collar grows around the head, resembling a double conical beard.

The lifespan of the Canadian lynx in the wild does not exceed 15 years. In zoos, she lives up to 20 years.

Introduction

The Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis Kerr, 1792) is a species of lynx that lives in the North American taiga. The closest relative of the Eurasian lynx ( Lynx lynx).

1. Appearance

This type of lynx is half the size of the Eurasian lynx: its body length is 86-117 cm, height at the withers is 60-65 cm; weight 8-14 kg. In captive animals, the weight can reach up to 20 kg in both sexes.

The coat color is grayish-brown, turning red in summer; White marks are scattered across the main background, giving the impression of being dusted with snow. There is an unusually light, “blue” color.

2. Distribution

Lives in wooded areas of Alaska, Canada, as well as the states of Montana, Idaho, Washington and Colorado.

3. Lifestyle and nutrition

The Canadian lynx feeds mainly on hares; the size of its population depends on the growth or decline of their population. In addition to the main diet are rodents (squirrels, mice, beavers), red deer, foxes and birds (pheasants).

4. Lifestyle and reproduction

Lynxes prefer to live alone, except for the period when females have offspring. Pregnancy in a female lasts 63-70 days. In May-June (in in rare cases- in July) she gives birth to 1-5 kittens. Kittens are separated from their mother at the age of 10 months, usually in March-April.

Young lynxes reach sexual maturity between the ages of 10 and 23 months. In natural conditions they live up to 10-15 years.

5. Population status

The future of Canada lynxes is not in danger at this time; They are endangered only in a few regions, such as New Brunswick, due to the destruction of their habitats and past hunting for their fur.

6. Classification

It is the closest relative of the Eurasian lynx ( Lynx lynx); Some sources consider the Canadian lynx to be a subspecies of the Eurasian lynx.

There are two subspecies of the Canadian lynx:

Lynx canadensis canadensis Kerr, 1792, found throughout much of North America.

Lynx canadensis subsolanus Bangs, 1897, living on the island of Newfoundland.

Bibliography:

Sokolov V. E. Five-language dictionary of animal names. Mammals. Latin, Russian, English, German, French. / under the general editorship of academician. V. E. Sokolova. - M.: Rus. lang., 1984. - P. 107. - 10,000 copies.

See IUCN, Wild Cats: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan, p. 128. (English)

Source: http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_lynx

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4. Titles: North American lynx, Canadian lynx.

   Area: Alaska, Canada, pcs. Washington, Minnesota, Vermont, New Hampshire, Maine. The area of ​​the habitat is about 7.7 million km 2.

   Description: The Canadian lynx has long fur on the sides of its muzzle, black tassels on its ears, and a short tail. The paws are long (the front ones are shorter than the hind ones) with retractable claws, and the feet are wide. The fur is thick and thick, up to 5 cm long.

   Color: the main background of the body is reddish or grayish-brown with scattered white markings. There are no spots, and if there are, they are light and difficult to distinguish against the main background. The ears are black, on the back of each ear there is White spot. The tip of the tail is black.

   Size: body length 80-117 cm, height at withers 60-65 cm.

   Weight: 8-14 kg.

   Lifespan: in nature up to 10 years.

   Habitat: North American taiga forests, sometimes in the tundra or in rocky mountains. The Canada lynx is closely related to the mountain hare as its main prey. May live in close proximity to a person’s home, but avoids meeting people.

   Food: The main diet of the North American lynx is the mountain hare (up to 75%), the rest consists of birds, small rodents (squirrels, beavers, muskrats), and ungulates (red deer, bighorn sheep). In times of hunger, it eats carrion (dead caribou, moose).

   Behavior: The Canadian lynx leads a predominantly crepuscular lifestyle. Hunts at dawn or in the evening twilight. It can travel up to 19 km a day in search of prey. It waits out inclement weather in caves or in trees.
   Adults hunt alone, while mothers and older cubs hunt together. The lynx hunts by hiding near a fresh hare track, and then makes a sharp jerk. It can climb trees and eat prey there.
   When there is an abundance of prey, it hides the excess in order to return to it later.
   One lynx eats 150-200 hares per year.

   Social structure: Except for the breeding season, the lynx leads a solitary lifestyle. The individual range of the female is 4-25 km 2, the male is 4-70 km 2. A male's home range usually borders and at times overlaps with the home ranges of several females. Animals mark the boundaries of their territory with urine and marks on trees and rocks.

   Reproduction: During the breeding season, the male mates with several females, whose sites are located in the vicinity. The male does not take any part in raising the offspring. The female Canada lynx makes a den (under boulders or in hollow tree trunks) before giving birth.
   Reproduction in lynx depends on the number of white hare (on its development cycles). When there is not enough food, lynxes practically do not reproduce.

   Breeding season/period: end of January-February.

   Puberty: at 23 months.

   Pregnancy: lasts 63-67 days.

   Offspring: females give birth to 1-8 blind and helpless kittens. Newborn cubs weigh about 280 grams and are up to 25 cm long.
   The eyes open on days 10-17 of life. At 4-5 weeks of age, kittens begin to leave the den. Lactation lasts 3-5 months.

   Benefit/harm for humans: on North American lynx industrial hunting is underway.
   The lynx regulates the number of white hares.

   Population/Conservation Status: The species is in constant decline. It is assumed that the population size is no more than 50,000 mature individuals. The highest density of animals (during the highest number of white hares) is 30 individuals per 100 km 2.
   The Canadian lynx is listed in the CITES Convention (Appendix II).
   Threats to the species: habitat destruction, cyclical numbers of white hares, poaching.
   Many animals die under the wheels of vehicles when crossing highways.
   Two subspecies recognized Lynx canadensis: L.c. canadensis- Canada and Northern USA, L.c. subsolanus- Newfoundland.

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