Sagittarius communication complex. Tests of the Strelets reconnaissance and fire system have been completed. Year of adoption

Ground troops modern army need large quantities special equipment and radio-electronic equipment. In particular, artillery needs radar reconnaissance systems capable of monitoring the specified territory and monitoring the results of firing. Currently, the main domestic products of this class are complexes of the “Zoo” family.

Complex 1L219 “Zoo”

Development of radar artillery intelligence complex 1L219 “Zoo” began in accordance with the resolution of the USSR Council of Ministers of July 5, 1981. The new radar was intended to replace existing types of equipment, primarily the 1RL239 “Lynx” complex, which was actively used by the troops. The Strela Research Institute (Tula) was appointed the lead developer of the project, and V.I. became the chief designer. Simachev. Several other organizations were also involved in the work. For example, NPP Istok (Fryazino) was responsible for the development of microwave equipment, and the Tula Arsenal plant was supposed to build prototypes of the finished complex.

It should be noted that one resolution of the Council of Ministers required the creation of two artillery reconnaissance complexes at once. The Zoo-1 and Zoo-2 systems were supposed to have various characteristics and differ in some components. This meant the maximum possible unification of the two types of equipment.

Self-propelled radar 1L219 "Zoo-1"

The development of a new project at a certain stage encountered some difficulties, which led to a shift in the timing of the implementation of different stages. Thus, the draft version of the 1L219 “Zoo” project was completed in two years: it was ready in 1983. The following year, a technical version of the project was prepared. In 1986, the organizations involved in the project completed all work on the preparation of design documentation, but the start of construction of experimental reconnaissance complexes was postponed due to changing customer requirements.

On June 19, 1986, the Council of Ministers issued a new resolution defining further development radar reconnaissance systems for artillery. The military wanted to receive not only a self-propelled vehicle with a set of radio-electronic equipment, but also a number of other means. In accordance with the new resolution, it was necessary to develop new complex funds, which was supposed to include the “Zoo” car. Due to changes in customer requirements, the project developers had to re-develop some elements of the complex. Some of the radio-electronic equipment, including target detection equipment, has undergone modifications.

Due to numerous modifications, the construction of the experimental Zoo vehicle was delayed. It was released for preliminary testing only in 1988. This stage of testing, accompanied by various modifications, continued until the spring of 1990, when several prototypes were submitted for state tests. During the year, the equipment was tested in ground forces ah several military districts. During these events, all necessary information about the operation of the complex in the conditions of combat units.

During all the tests, the design characteristics of the complex were confirmed and advantages over the existing Lynx system were identified. In particular, the range was increased by 10%, the field of view doubled, and throughput automation - 10 times. Based on the results of state tests, the 1L219 Zoo-1 radar artillery reconnaissance system was put into service. The corresponding command order was signed on April 18, 1992.

The Zoo-1 reconnaissance complex was intended to monitor the indicated areas, monitor enemy artillery and monitor the firing results of its batteries. In order to ensure the possibility of combat work in the same positions with artillery, all equipment of the complex was mounted on self-propelled chassis. The MT-LBu universal tractor was chosen as the basis for the complex. With a vehicle combat weight of about 16.1 tons, it is ensured maximum speed at 60-62 km/h. All facilities of the complex are managed by a team of three people.

An antenna post is mounted on the roof of the base chassis, made in the form of a rotating platform with a phased antenna array installed on it. IN stowed position the antenna is lowered to a horizontal position, and the entire post is rotated along the body of the machine. The antenna array is part of a three-coordinate radar station and allows you to monitor a sector up to 60° wide in azimuth. The viewing sector in elevation is about 40°. The ability to rotate the antenna post allows you to change the observation sector without moving the entire vehicle.

The radar of the 1L219 complex operates in the centimeter range and is controlled by on-board digital computers such as Elektronika-81B and Sayver-2. All operations for tracking a specified sector, detecting targets and issuing processed information are carried out automatically. The calculation of the complex has the ability to monitor the systems and, if necessary, intervene in their operation. To display information about the situation at the commander's and operator's workplaces, black and white CRT screens are provided.

Scheme of operation of the 1L219 system

The main task of the 1L219 Zoo-1 reconnaissance complex was to detect the positions of enemy missile forces and artillery, as well as calculate the flight trajectories of projectiles. In addition, it was possible to control the firing of its artillery. The main method of determining coordinates and trajectories was tracking small-sized high-speed ballistic targets - projectiles. The station was supposed to automatically monitor projectiles, calculate their trajectories and determine the location of guns or launchers.

The automation of the Zoo-1 complex is capable of detecting at least 10 enemy firing positions per minute. At the same time, tracking of no more than 4 targets is provided. The probability of determining the position of the gun by the first shot was determined at 80%.

During combat operations, the complex had to determine the current parameters of a flying projectile, as well as calculate its full trajectory along a known area. After this, the automation provided information about the launch site of the projectile on command post. Next, this information should have been transmitted to the artillery for a retaliatory strike on the enemy’s firing position in order to destroy his equipment and weapons. To determine one's own position, which is used to determine the coordinates of targets, the 1T130M Mayak-2 topogeodetic referencing system is used.

Serial production of self-propelled radar artillery reconnaissance systems 1L219 “Zoopark-1” was entrusted to the Vector enterprise (Ekaterinburg). Initially it was assumed that the 1L219 complexes would be used in missile forces and artillery at the regimental level. Each regiment and brigade had to have their own systems of this type, designed to track enemy artillery and issue coordinates for counter-battery combat.

However, the collapse Soviet Union did not allow fully and short terms implement all existing plans. Serial construction of Zoo-1 vehicles was carried out at a relatively slow pace, but last years The ground forces managed to receive a certain amount of such equipment. All 1L219 stations are used in the control system of artillery formations and successfully solve the tasks assigned to them.

Complex 1L220 “Zoo-2”

A resolution of the Council of Ministers of July 5, 1981 required the development of two radar reconnaissance systems at once. The first, 1L219, was created by the Tula Research Institute "Strela" in collaboration with some other enterprises. The development of the second complex, designated 1L220, was entrusted to NPO Iskra (Zaporozhye). The objective of the second project was to create another reconnaissance complex with an increased detection range. Otherwise, the goals and objectives of the projects were the same.

As part of the Zoo-2 project, a complex of radio-electronic equipment was developed, suitable for installation on various chassis. It was planned to offer the customer two modifications at once intelligence system, mounted on different chassis. There was a project for a vehicle based on the GM-5951 tracked chassis and the KrAZ-63221 wheeled chassis. The wheel complex received its own designation 1L220U-KS. In the case of a tracked chassis, the electronic equipment was located inside a lightly armored body, on the roof of which a rotating antenna post was installed. The wheeled vehicle project involved the use of a van body with appropriate equipment.

Complex 1L220 “Zoo-2” on a tracked chassis

In terms of its general architecture, the “Zaporozhye” version of the complex resembled a machine developed by Tula specialists. It was proposed to equip the 1L220 complex with a radar station with a phased array antenna installed on a rotating base. Working in the centimeter range, the station was supposed to detect flying artillery shells.

The electronics of the Zoo-2 complex made it possible to automatically monitor the situation, search for targets and determine their trajectories, while simultaneously calculating the location of enemy guns.

After the collapse of the USSR, enterprises involved in the Zoo program remained in different countries, which led to serious difficulties in the work. Despite all the problems, NPO Iskra continued work and completed the creation of a new artillery reconnaissance complex. Due to some problems, the project had to be further refined. The updated version of the project received the designation 1L220U.

Because of economic problems country, the need to finalize the project, etc. testing of the prototype of the Zoo-2 system began only in the late nineties. Based on the test results, the system was adopted by the Ukrainian army in 2003. Subsequently, Ukrainian enterprises in cooperation with foreign organizations A number of similar equipment were built and supplied to the armed forces.

According to available data, due to improvements in radio-electronic equipment, it was possible to significantly improve the characteristics of the 1L220U complex in comparison with the “Tula” 1L219. The Ukrainian-developed machine station is capable of monitoring a sector 60° wide in azimuth. The radar can detect operational-tactical missiles at ranges of up to 80 km. When used by an opponent jet systems volley fire the maximum detection range, depending on the type of missile, is 50 km. The station detects mortar mines of up to 120 mm caliber at ranges of up to 30 km. The ability to detect up to 50 enemy firing positions per minute is declared.

Complex 1L219M “Zoo-1”

In the early nineties, the Strela Research Institute began developing a modernized version of the Zoo-1 complex. The updated version of the complex received the index 1L219M. Some sources contain various additional designations for this complex, in particular, the name “Zoo-1M” sometimes appears. However, this “name” was later assigned to another complex of the family.

Machine 1L219M “Zoo-1”

The goal of the 1L219M project was to replace outdated equipment with new equipment with improved characteristics. For example, the CBVM was replaced. The updated complex uses computer technology from the Baguette family to control the automation. In addition, the modernization project used new system topogeodetic reference. To accurately determine its own coordinates, the modernized Zoo-1 vehicle received a 1T215M topographic surveyor and a GLONASS receiver.

According to the developer, in the 1L219M project it was possible to significantly improve the characteristics of the radar station. Thus, the detection range of operational-tactical missiles was increased to 45 km. The maximum detection range of missiles has increased to 20 km. When the enemy uses mortars of 81-120 mm caliber, it is possible to determine the firing position at ranges of up to 20-22 km.

The automation of the 1L219M complex is capable of processing up to 70 targets per minute. Up to 12 objects are simultaneously tracked. To automatically calculate the full trajectory of enemy ammunition with determination of the launch point and impact point, it takes no more than 15-20 s.

In addition to the radar equipment, crew workstations were modernized. The main innovation was the use of color monitors, which display all information about the situation in the station’s sector of responsibility. All data about found enemy firing positions is automatically transmitted to the command post and can then be used to launch a retaliatory strike.

The development of the 1L219M Zoo-1 project was completed in the mid-nineties. Soon after this, testing of the prototype began. According to some sources, during the tests numerous shortcomings were identified, primarily related to the reliability of various units. As a result, it was decided to modify the system in order to improve the characteristics that did not meet the requirements.

Machine 1L219M “Zoo-1”

There is no exact information about the production and operation of 1L219M complexes. Some sources mention the construction of such equipment and even its use in some recent conflicts. However, there is no complete evidence of this. It was probably decided not to begin mass production of the new equipment due to the lack of serious advantages over the existing one, as well as due to the difficult economic situation of the armed forces. However, the updated version of the Zoo-1 complex was demonstrated at various exhibitions.

Complex 1L260 “Zoo-1M”

Latest on this moment complex artillery reconnaissance of the “Zoo” family is a system with the index 1L260, created in the 2000s. After not too much successful project 1L219M Tula Research Institute "Strela" continued work on creating new radar stations for ground forces. To date, the Strela enterprise has received the status of a research and production association and has become part of the Almaz-Antey air defense concern.

Self-propelled radar 1L261 "Zoo-1M"

The Zoo-1M complex, despite its name, is not a modernized version of existing equipment, but a completely new development. For example, the new complex contains several components that perform different functions. The main element of the complex is a self-propelled radar station 1L261 on a tracked chassis. In addition, a 1I38 maintenance vehicle and a backup power plant are involved in combat work. Auxiliary elements of the complex are mounted on automobile chassis. According to some reports, a self-propelled radar, if necessary, can perform assigned tasks independently and without the help of additional elements of the complex.

The 1L261 self-propelled radar differs from its predecessors in a different layout of the main units. As before, all machine units are installed on a tracked chassis, which is used as a GM-5955 vehicle. An antenna post with lifting and rotation mechanisms is mounted on the roof of the building. In the stowed position, the phased array antenna is placed on the middle and rear part of the hull cover. Combat weight the machine exceeds 38 tons. The operation of all systems is controlled by a crew of three people.

During the preparation of the complex for operation, the antenna rises and can rotate around a vertical axis, changing the viewing sector. The design of the phased array antenna allows the station crew to monitor objects located in a sector 90° wide in azimuth. Exact Specifications target detection ranges have not yet been announced. According to previously published data, the 1L261 station is capable of determining a firing position enemy artillery with an error of up to 40 m. When calculating the launch point of multiple launch rocket systems, the error is 55 m, the starting point ballistic missiles– 90 m.

The full composition of the complex 1L260 "Zoo-1M"

Accurate information about current state project 1L260 “Zoo-1M” are missing. According to some reports, a few years ago the Russian Ministry of Defense ordered a number of such complexes, but the details of the contract were not made public. In addition, one of the stages of testing the complex could have been carried out in 2013. Official information the Zoo-1M complex and its prospects have not yet been published.