Phrasal verb sentences work on. Phrasal verbs in English, rules, examples. The back particle suggests returning something to its place.

English grammar is often inextricably linked with spoken language. So, for example, it was in the colloquial style that incorrect and phrasal verbs. We have already talked about the first, and we will analyze the phrasal verbs of the English language today.

First, let's talk a little about the grammatical component of this phenomenon, and then move on to the practical part: we will study 250 phrasal verbs that you need to know for free communication and a complete understanding of foreign interlocutors. So let's get started!

In English speech there are peculiar linguistic phenomena that are characteristic only for it. It is possible to draw an analogy of these features with examples from other speech cultures only very remotely.

For example, what are phrasal verbs in English? Grammatically, these are stable combinations of verbs with prepositions and adverbs. Their meaning is common, and often goes against the translation of words separately. Take the popular English verb talk - speak, talk. This meaning is neutral, but it is worth adding a preposition, and we get an emotionally charged phrasal verb talk.

• Don't talk me into comingthere- Not persuade me to go there!
• Please talk up - Please, speak louder (bolder)
• They talked me down with the stories about their babiesTheygot mestoriesOtheirchildren!

It is even difficult to count how many such combinations can be made in English. Is there something similar in Russian speech? Yes, in part, phrasal English verbs resemble our use of prefixes: talk-persuade-talk-talk, etc. But there are other examples as well.

So, the word stand means stand, endure a phrasal verb stand for translates as " symbolize, signify, support". And here we come to drawing an analogy with our phraseological units. Let's take the same word "stand", add a preposition, and we get " stand up for something, someone; those. defend, defend, insist on a point of view". On this topic, we can recall phraseological units common in Russian speech and literary texts:

• stand one's ground;
• stand behind someone
• stand dead;
• stand tall.

All expressions are similar in meaning, and you, as carriers of a linguistic culture, will easily understand each of them. But, the question of what is the logic of constructing these combinations will surely take you by surprise: you say these phrases automatically, without thinking about the meaning of the words separately, right? This is exactly the same as the phrasal verbs of the English language. These are stable colloquial expressions, the construction and meaning of which must be memorized.

Grammar of English phrasal verbs

Having dealt with the semantic content, let's move on to the study of grammatical moments. Fortunately, there are not many of them: all phrasal verbs are classified according to only two grammatical features.

Transitivity

This phrasal verb criterion is associated with the object part of the sentence. The fact is that the meaning of some verbs is revealed only in the presence of an addition, while other expressions are completely independent. For example, a phrasal verb like back off can be used without supplement.

• Thenthey backed off - Then they retreated .

And here is a phrasal verb of the form hand out gets its meaning only when a complementary noun is added.

• My friend is going to hand out candy – MyFrienddistributes candies.

Thus, the dependence on the object conducts a grammatical division into transitive ( only with addition) and intransitive ( independent) English verbs. Moreover, this criterion applies to the entire class of verbs, and not just phrasal combinations.

But in fact, not all verbs are strictly transitive, or strictly intransitive. The mixed type is more common. In such cases, the addition can radically change the meaning of the phrase. For example, take the expression askout (to ask for leave, to submit a letter of resignation, to ask for a date). Watch how the phrases change.

• Jackcalledto ask out MaryJack called to invite Mary on a date.
• your dog is asking out – Yourdogasking go out .

Thus, the transitivity of a verb cannot be determined without knowing the context in which the phrase is used.

Divisibility

• move

A separate word, like almost every phrasal verb move, is associated with the designation of movements and movements.

• look

IN direct meaning « look, look". Look also forms several common English phrasal verbs.

• hold

In the literal sense hold, hold» hold is not the most common English word. However, the phrasal verb hold is quite common in colloquial speech.

• keep

direct meaning " store, keep». Sustainable combinations similar in meaning.

• Drop

No less popular with the English is the phrasal verb drop.

• Come

A popular English verb whose main meaning is " come, arrive, arrive". Come forms the following phraseological units.

The main meaning of the verb allow, allow". The phrasal verb let has a similar meaning.

• hand

In the first part of the article, we met with the verb hand out. But the phrasal verb with hand is also combined with other prepositions.

A common verb with the meaning " go, walk, go". It is also used in phrase combinations.

• pull

The phrasal verb pull is also widely used in speech.

The phrasal verb cut also has several versions.

• Pass

This verb forms a couple of popular phrases.

Other popular phrasal verbs

We included single stable expressions in this category, i.e. this verb forms only one popular combination. Therefore, few students know that there is a phrasal verb pay, a phrasal verb with tell, set expressions hear, a popular phrase keen on, a phrasal English verb fill, etc. Nevertheless, these examples are worth considering, because. they can often be found in the colloquial speech of the British or Americans.

• Pick

The term means " choose, pick". It is rarely used separately and is better known as the multi-valued phrasal verb pick up - pick up, accept, call in, cling to, adopt, take on a hook, etc.

• Catch

The common English verb catch means " catch, grab". But the phrasal verb catch up is translated into Russian as " catch up, catch up, catch up».

• See & Hear

Feeling verbs see ( see) and hear ( hear) are also used in colloquial phrases. So, the phrasal English verb see off means escort, escort, and the expression hear from - hear the news, get the news.

• Knock out & Keen on

The phrase knock out means knock out, knock out, knock out, stun. Also knock out is used in context to amaze, stun, surprise. Keen on is used in the meaning be fond of, love smth. do. In addition, keen on can indicate the continuation of some. actions.

• Stay & Rush

Antagonist verbs: stay ( stand) and rush ( hurry, rush). The phrasal English verb stay up means stay awake, keep afloat. And the phrasal popular verb rush into is used in the meaning of " take risks, go to extremes».

• Tell & Speak

Both verbs are associated with speech activity. The phrase speak up means " speak clearly, speak out, defend”, and the tell off expression is scold, scold, scold.

• find out

The phrasal stable verb find out is very popular. The expression means: find, discover, find out, find out, uncover deception, guess.

The common expression do away with is used in the meaning of " destroy, get rid of, get rid of».

• Fill & Fit

The phrasal verb of the form fill in is translated as " fill in, fill in, fill in". The phrasal English verb fit is similar in meaning - subscribe, agree, agree.

You can often hear the phrase pay back in English speech - pay off debts, pay off, take revenge.

• Grow & draw

The phrasal verb draw back means recoil, jump back, step back, pull back. And the phrase grow up in translation means " grow up, grow up».

• Settle

The phrasal verb from settle is quite ambiguous. Settling down, finding balance, settling down, settling down, settling down - all this settle down, like a phrasal verb.

• live

The phrase live on can be translated as " to live off of smth., hold on, survive».

• Wear

The English phrasal verb wear out has several meanings. Among them:

• wear out, wear out;
• spend, while away the time;
• exhaust, exhaust, abuse;
• endure, endure.

It can also mean " to lose patience».

And 25 more popular verbs

This completes the top 250 phrasal verbs. Good luck with your language learning and see you soon!

Views: 1 038

2016-04-04

Greetings, my dear readers.

Have you ever watched a movie or ? Or maybe you had to listen to natural, and not academic, English speech? If the answers to these questions are yes, then you should definitely have noticed that native speakers use phrasal verbs in almost 80% of sentences. Therefore, today we have a lot of important things on the topic of the day:

• I want to tell you what it is - a phrasal verb,
• I will share with you my top 20 "The most popular phrasal verbs in the English language",
• and I will also give a couple of secrets on how to remember them the fastest.

Ready? Then go ahead!

By the way, after studying, you can continue to get acquainted with them further:

What is a phrasal verb?

I would even say this is a phenomenon when a verb, together with a certain preposition, acquires a certain meaning. Let's look at an example.

What are you looking for ? - What you looking for?

Do you still look after you grandmother? - Are you still looking after for your grandmother?

In this way, with a change in the preposition after the verb, you can radically change the meaning of the whole word and even the sentence.

What is extremely important is not to confuse phrasal verbs with dependent prepositions. The latter are always paired with a certain word (for example, listen to smth- listen to something) and if you change the preposition, then the phrase will simply be wrong. But if you change the preposition in a phrasal verb, you can get the correct, but completely different meaning.

I think you got the idea, and now my table is a list of the most common verbs with translation and examples for better understanding and memorization.

Top 20 most popular phrasal verbs and examples of their use

• Go on - continue.

I suddenly stopped talking.

- Go on , - she said.

I suddenly stopped talking.

-Continue, - she said.

• Pick up - raise.

The telephone was ringing, but I couldn't pick it up. - The phone rang but I couldn't raise handset.

• Get up - get up.

Get up , brush your teeth and hair. I have almost finished preparing the breakfast.- get up brush your teeth and comb your hair. I have almost finished preparing breakfast.

• Turn on\off - enable/disable.

Turn on the light, please, and turn off the radio. - Please, turn it on light and turn off radio.

• Turn around - turn around.

You look amazing in this dress. turn around one more time. - You look great in this dress. turn around again.

• Hold on - hold, wait.

Hold on a minute, please. I need to check schedule. -Wait one minute, please. I need to check the schedule.

• Give up - give up.

Never give up if you don't have faith in you success at the moment. - Never Not give up, even if you do not believe in your success at the moment.

• Carry on - continue.

Whatever happens - just carry on ! - No matter what happens - continue.

• Come on - come on, go ahead!

Come on , guys! You can win! -Forward, Guys! You can win!

• Call off - cancel.

We were about to go for a meeting when it was suddenly called off. - We were about to go to the meeting when, unexpectedly, canceled.

• Break down - break.

I can't meet you. My car has broken down recently. - I cannot meet you. My car recently broke down.

• Bring up - educate.

It costs a lot to bring up a child nowadays. - Now grow child is very expensive.

• Find out - find out.

What if he find out? - What if he learns?

• Walk away - leave.

If you don't love me - just walk away. - If you don't love me - just leave.

• Look for - search.

What are you looking for? - What you looking for?

• Stand up - get up.

When the teacher enters the classroom - stand up. - When the teacher enters the classroom - stand up.

• Sit down - sit down.

When the teacher asks you to sit down- do it. - When the teacher asks you sit down- sit down.

• Run away - run away

How many times did I want to run away from all my problems? - How many times have I wanted run away from all my problems?

• Come in - enter.

Come in! Mother has almost finished serving the table. -Come in. Mom almost finished setting the table.

• Try on - try on.

This dress matches your eyes. You should try it on . - This dress matches the color of your eyes. you need it try on.

How to quickly and easily learn phrasal verbs?

Oh, there is no universal answer to this question. But from my own experience, as well as many years of experience with my students, I can say that learning basic phrasal verbs is much easier than you think. Here are some tips and techniques for remembering:

• Divide them into groups.

According to any principle convenient for you: by the main word, by preposition, by topic, or simply by quantity - as long as it is convenient for you to remember. The point is that you start learning small groups of phrases.

• Make mental analogies.

At one time phrasal verb look for - search, - I remember the fact that it is pronounced like the Russian word "magnifying glass". And to this day, the image of a magnifying glass pops up in my head every now and then.

Draw analogies and associations, build your own visual system that will help you quickly and desirable.

• Practice.

A lot of practice never hurt anyone. , listen to natural English speech, fiction- you yourself will not notice how you will start using phrasal verbs more and more.

Well, if you're tired, then here's what I'll tell you:

« Calm down and carry on Relax and keep going!

But if you still feel that you need support in learning the language - subscribe to my blog newsletter, where I regularly share important and useful information.

For now, I have everything.

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Phrasal verbs are an expression that usually consists of 2-3 words.

They make speech bright and varied, therefore they are constantly used in colloquial English speech.

You have probably met them if you watched TV shows in English, listened to songs or read books.

However, despite their popularity in use, they cause many difficulties. After all, one small word completely changes the meaning of the expression.

In addition, when using them, there are certain grammatical features. It is about them that we will talk in this article.

What are phrasal verbs in English?

Phrasal verbs is a phrase that consists of several words. Such expressions resemble small phrases, hence the name "phrasal verbs".

Here is an example of such verbs:

go on - keep doing something

go out - go out, spend time outside the home

As you can see, the meaning of phrasal verbs changes depending on the prepositions used. And guessing the meaning of such verbs is very difficult, and sometimes impossible.

That is why they cause so many difficulties in learning.

To make it easier for you to "recognize" phrasal verbs, let's see what they are.

Attention: Can't remember English words? Learn in Moscow how to learn words correctly not to forget them.

3 types of phrasal verbs in English

All phrasal verbs can be grammatically divided into 3 types:

1. Action (verb) + preposition

In such combinations, prepositions are very often used:

• on - on
• in - in
• out - from
• off - from
• by - to
• for - for

For example:

Check in - check in (at the hotel)
Call off - cancel
Look for - look for
Try on - try on (clothes)

2. Action (verb) + sign (adverb)

An adverb is a word that denotes a sign and answers the question "how".

In such combinations, adverbs are most often used:

• across - through, through
• down - down
• up - up
• around - around
• against - against
• back - back
• ahead - forward
• forward - forward

For example:

Walk around - walk, wander around
Write down - write down, write down
Come across - come across, meet by chance
Look ahead - look into the future, envisage

3. Action + sign + preposition

In this case, the phrasal verb consists of 3 words.

For example:

Look forward to - look forward to (pleasure)
Сut down on - reduce something
Get along with - get along, get along with someone
Keep away from - stay away from

As you probably noticed, sometimes you can trace the logic of the formation of a phrasal verb.

For example:

look - look
for - for

By combining these words, we get look for - "look for" (look for).

However, this is not always possible to do. Therefore, it is better to clarify the translation and meaning of the phrasal verb.

In addition, the same prepositions / adverbs give different meanings to different verbs.

For example:

Get up - get up, wake up
Give up - give up, refuse; leave, quit
Make up - make up; compose

In addition to types, phrasal verbs can be divided into transitive and intransitive. Let's look at what that means.

Transitive and intransitive phrasal verbs in English

Also, all phrasal verbs can be divided into transitive and intransitive.

Intransitive phrasal verbs is an expression that is complete in itself. Such phrasal verbs do not require an addition.

For example:

This old car breaksdown all the time.
This old car breaks down all the time.

They usually get up early.
They usually get up early.

He tried to calmdown.
He tried to calm down.

Transitive phrasal verbs

Transitive phrasal verbs- this is an expression that requires addition, clarification (what exactly, whom exactly, with whom exactly).

For example:

He gets along with his sister.
He gets along (with whom exactly?) with his sister.

As you can see, we cannot use this verb without this qualification. Then the proposal will be incomplete.

transitive verbs can be separable and inseparable.

• Inseparable - when the refinement comes after the entire expression.

For example:

He looked for the key.
He was looking for the keys.

You should give up smoking.
You should quit smoking.

• Separable - when the refiner breaks the phrasal verb and becomes in the middle

For example:

He took his coat off.
He took off his coat.

He threw the trash away.
He threw out the trash.

• Separable and inseparable at the same time

Sometimes a phrasal verb can be either separable or inseparable. Both options will be correct.

For example:

I put my sweater on.
I put on a sweater.

I puton my sweater.
I put on a sweater.

You can always check whether a phrasal verb is separable or not in a dictionary.

And now, I want to give you a list of commonly used phrasal verbs.

List of phrasal verbs in English

Let's look at a table of popular phrasal verbs.

So, we have analyzed what phrasal verbs are and what they are. Now the most difficult thing is to remember phrasal verbs and use them in your speech.

In it you will find instructions and tips on the easiest way to remember phrasal verbs.

Reinforcement task

Translate the following sentences into English. Leave your answers in the comments below the article.

1. I am looking for my phone.
2. You need to calm down.
3. Try on this dress.
4. They are looking forward to this trip.
5. He quit smoking.

1. ADD UP- to make sense, to converge, to correspond

Her story didn't add up, I think she was lying, it didn't make sense- Her story did not fit, I think she was deceiving, it does not make sense

2. BLOW UP- has three meanings: inflate, blow up and get angry

Please could you blow up those balloons?— Could you please inflate these balloons?

The building was blown up by a bomb- The building was blown up by a bomb

When I said I couldn't go to her party, she blew up— When I said that I couldn’t go to the party, she got angry.
.

3. BRING UP- has two main meanings: to educate and raise a question or any proposal in a conversation

Their grandparents brought them up because their parents were always traveling— Their grandparents raised them because their parents were constantly traveling.

Your suggestion will be brought up at the next meeting.- Your proposal will be considered at the next meeting.

4. CALL OFF- withdraw, withdraw

The game was called off.- The game has been postponed

Call off your dog, he's biting my leg!- Get your dog away from me, it's biting my leg!

5. CARRY ON- two meanings: to continue doing something and to behave rudely, ugly

We must try to carry on as if nothing had happened. We must try to act as if nothing happened.

The people upstairs were carrying on again last night, they had me quite worried.- My upstairs neighbors again swore all night, they really bothered me.

6. COME ACROSS- has several meanings, among which the main ones are: to be perceived by someone, to come across (accidentally meet) with someone or something

He comes across as someone who means what he says.- He seems to be one of those who say what he thinks.

I came across this old photograph in the back of the drawer.- I accidentally found this old photo at the bottom of the box.

7. COME UP WITH- come up with

She came up with a great offer for the new advertising campaign.

8. FALL APART fall apart, literally and figuratively

This cup just fell apart in my hands.- This cup fell to pieces right in my hands.

We used to be good friends, but fell apart about a year ago.- We were very good friends but broke up about a year ago.

Their marriage seems to be falling apart.- Their marriage seems to be falling apart.

9. GET ALONG- has many meanings: get along with someone, succeed, leave, grow old

Does he get along with his mother-in-law?- He finds mutual language with your mother-in-law?

How is your work getting along?- How is your work going?

I think I'll be getting along now, I want to be home quite early.- I think it's time for me to leave.
I want to get home early.

Grandfather is getting along and doesn't see too well any more. Grandpa is getting old and can't see well.

10. GET AWAY- to leave, to run away, to hide, to get away dry from the water

You can't get away with it.- You won't get away with it.

The thieves managed to get away in a stolen car— The thieves managed to escape using a stolen car

11. GET OVER— overcome (for example, an illness, or an unpleasant feeling)

It always takes some time to get over the shock of someone's death.- When someone dies, it always takes some time for the shock to wear off.

I can't get over your news, I would never have thought it possible!- I can not get used to what you said to me, I would never have thought that this is possible.

12. GIVE UP- throw (in the meaning of surrender), refuse

I did want a holiday abroad, but we had to give up the idea.- I really wanted to take a vacation abroad, but we had to abandon this idea.

He is given up by the doctors.- Doctors refused him.

We had to give up the castle to the enemy. We had to surrender the fortress to the enemy.

13. GO ON- continue, continue

We began work at 12 and went on till half-past one.- We started working at 12 and continued until half past one.

How is your work going on?- How is your work going?

There's a wedding going on at the church.- There is a wedding going on in the church now.

How long has this been going on?- How long has this been going on?

14. HOLD ON- hold on to something, wait by the phone, don't give up

If a branch is near you, hold on until we can get a rope.- If there is a branch nearby, hold on to it until we find a rope.

Hold on!- Hold on!

Hold on, I shan't be a minute.- Don't hang up, wait a minute.

15. LOOK AFTER- look after someone

Who will look after the children while you go out to work?- Who will look after the children while you are at work?

16. LOOK FORWARD TO- to look forward to, to be in anticipation

I'm looking forward to some warmer weather after this bitter winter.- I hope it will be warmer now, the winter was so severe.

Every year the children look forward to the holidays coming. Every year children look forward to the holidays.

17. LOOK UP- look for something in a book / directory, improve (about business)

If you don't know the meaning of a word, look it up in a good dictionary. If you don't know what a word means, look it up in a good dictionary.

things are looking up.- The situation is improving.

18. MAKE OUT- disassemble/distinguish, understand, kiss passionately

You can just make out the farm in the distance.- You can see a farm in the distance.

I can't make out the meaning of this poem. I cannot understand the meaning of this poem.

The park was full of lovers making out on the grass.- The park was full of couples licking on the grass.

19. PASS OUT- to lose consciousness, give out / distribute (usually for free)

When he heard the news, he passed out with the shock.- When he found out about this, he lost his senses.

The protesters passed out leaflets to the growing crowd.— Protesters handed out leaflets to the growing crowd

20. PULL OVER- pull over, stop

We pulled over to take some pictures of clouds and lightning.- We stopped on the side of the road to photograph flashes of lightning against the background of clouds.

21. PUT DOWN- has several meanings: disembark passengers, postpone work, write something down, put it on the account, pacify

Can you put me down at the next corner, please?- Drop me off at the next corner, please.

Put down whatever you're doing and join the party!- Put your affairs aside and join the company!

Put down every word she says.- Write down every word for her.

I'll take three boxes; would you put them down (to my account)?- I'll take three boxes; would you put it on my account?

22. PUT OFF- postpone

Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.- Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today.

23. PUT UP WITH- put up

I can't put up with my neighbor's noise any longer; it's driving me mad. I can't put up with the noise from the neighbors anymore, it's driving me crazy

24. TURN UP- suddenly show up, arrive / arrive / appear, increase the volume / temperature, etc.

He turned up missing at roll call.- He was not at the roll call.

As always, John turned up late John was late as usual.

Please turn the music up, I love this song!— Please turn it up, I love this song!

25. Watch out- be careful. Often used when suddenly shouting to the interlocutor "Caution!"

Watch out in the mountain, there are bears there“Look carefully, there are bears in the mountains.

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Phrasal verbs in English are a dark horse. Teachers do not like to explain this topic, justifying themselves by the fact that "it is not so necessary." Meanwhile, if you know phrasal verbs, your English will certainly go uphill. Let's try to help this. Since the topic is large, the article will be divided into two parts. In the first one, we will slightly open the door to the world of these mysterious verbs, tell you what, how, why and why. In the second part there will be many, many examples and secrets of effective memorization.

Part one, in which we get acquainted with phrasal verbs

If you ask the average English speaker what phrasal verbs are, they will shrug their shoulders. This is a term that appeared precisely in the context of the study foreign language. For the English, there are just verbs, some of which are used in conjunction with short parts of speech - adverbs or prepositions.

For simplicity, we will sometimes refer to these short words as particles.

For example, there is a put verb. And there is its use with numerous particles - on, off, down, across, back and so on. The meaning is different in each case.

That is, phrasal English verbs are verbs that consist of two parts:

1. Actually, the verb 2. Particle

The particle changes the meaning of the verb, sometimes beyond recognition:

Break- break
Break in- break in

Somebody broke in last night and stole my jewelry.
Last night someone broke in and stole my jewelry.

Give- give
give up- give up

Don't give up, because you have friends.
Don't give up, because you have friends. Sometimes, knowing the translation of the verb and the particle separately, you can guess the meaning of the phrasal verb:

Sit- sit down down- down

Sit down- sit down

Let- let, in- V

Let in- let in

Let the cat in, please.
Let the cat in, please.

And sometimes it is impossible to guess the meaning, having met a phrasal verb for the first time:

Let- let, down- down. But the phrase "let down" makes no sense.

let down- let down

Don't let me down this time.
Don't let me down this time.

Phrasal natives and non-phrasal conquerors

Phrasal verbs are a very old phenomenon in English. They were already found in the most ancient written sources. At first, their meanings were literal - direction of movement, place, position of objects in space:

Unlike short adverbs, prepositions show not only the location of objects in space, but also the relationship between the verb and the object.

History of one particle

Over time, the meanings of phrasal verbs have been modified. The relationship between the verb and the particles became more and more complex. Particles meant not only a physical movement somewhere, but also an allegorical movement, and much more.

For example, the adverb out. British scientists followed its evolution, and this is what they saw:

• In the ninth century out meant only movement from the inside out:

  Walk out - go out
  Ride out - leave

• By the fourteenth century out already expressed the idea of ​​something audible:

  Cry out - shout out
  Call out - call

• A hundred years later, another meaning was added - erasing something from the face of the earth:

  Die out - die out
  Burn out - burn out

• In the sixteenth century, new meanings appeared: to distribute, to distribute:

  Pass out - distribute
  Parcel out - divide into parts

• In the nineteenth century out already used with verbs meaning "to remove something from something"

  Rinse out - rinse, rinse
  Clean out - clean

Needless to say, it was a powerful means of language development. But in 1066 something terrible happened. England was conquered by Normandy, led by William the Conqueror (no wonder he had such a nickname). The English language was literally in disgrace for about a hundred and fifty years. It began to be considered the language of commoners. Can you imagine this now? We don't either. People who considered themselves cultured spoke French.

It was indecent to say, for example, make up(do). After all, there was a "cultural" French fabricator with the same meaning. This is how the English verb to fabricate appeared.

English phrasal verbs with translation and their synonyms come from France:

That is why phrasal verbs usually have non-phrasal synonyms. Until now, phrasal verbs are more common in colloquial speech than in literary. Of course, now the division is no longer so strict. Many phrasal verbs are used so often that you hear them literally everywhere, you see them in books, not to mention films and programs. That is, we can’t say in any way: don’t learn phrasal verbs, you can do without them. You will manage to get by, but you will only sound very unnatural. Your interlocutors will constantly have the feeling that a time machine has been invented, and you just got out of it.

More phrasal verbs and their more literary counterparts:

How to learn to speak using phrasal verbs?

So, you have decided to get closer to the English people and decorate your speech with native phrasal verbs so as not to sound like a snob. It doesn't come easy. There are two reasons:

1. Most often, at school or institute, we are taught book variants of verbs. Only later, if we're lucky, do we come across some phrases and find out their translation. It happens that students do not even know about their existence until they reach the intermediate level.
2. Even if you know about the existence of such structures, it is easy to mix up the particles or put them in the wrong place. Therefore, the use in speech is hindered by the banal fear of error.

We figured out the first problem: now you know that this phenomenon exists in the English language, and it occupies a very important place.

And in order to kill fear, you just need to find out what structures exist and learn how to navigate in them.

So, there are five main structures:

1. Verb + adverb
2. Verb + adverb + object
3. Verb + object + adverb
4. Verb + preposition + object
5. Verb + adverb + preposition + object

1. Verb + adverb. The first combination is the simplest and shortest:

   

   Otherwise, phrasal verbs of this type are called intransitive, that is, the action does not transfer from the verb to some object.

   The plane will take off on time - the plane will take off on time
   My computer broke down - my computer broke down

2. Verb + adverb + object. If we add an object to the previous construction - what the action of the verb is aimed at - we get the second type:

   

   Such phrasal verbs are called transitional. The action does not end with the verb, but moves to some object.

3. Verb + object + adverb: you can insert an object between a verb and an adverb:

   

   Sometimes an object can be inserted either before or after the adverb, and the meaning will not change in any case:

   

   But there are cases when an object should only be in a certain place:

   • If the object is very long, or there is a semantic emphasis on it, there is a tendency not to break the phrasal verb:

     Wash out the aluminum glass-topped coffee pot.
     Wash that aluminum coffee pot with a glass lid

   • If the direct object is a gerund (ending in ing), the phrasal verb is not broken:

     give up smok ing- stop smoking
     keep on talk ing- keep talking
     put off decid ing- postpone decision
     take up dance ing- start dancing

   • If the object is a pronoun, it is always inserted between the verb and the particle:

     wash it out(can't say wash out it)
     blow it up
     take it off
     put them on
     hand it in

   • Many phrasal verbs are traditionally used in the same form:

     let off steam- chill out
     Put up a good fight- fight for something
     Keep your shirt on- control yourself
     Cry your eyes out- cry out one's eyes
     Blow someone's head off- blow someone's head off

4. Verb + preposition + object.

   This is similar to the construction verb + adverb + object. But, unlike an adverb, a preposition serves to connect a verb with an object. Word order is always clear here. This order is similar to Russian in sentences with prepositions. In Russian we can say the phrase "I'm counting on my friends", where "counting" is a verb, "on" is a preposition, and "friends" is an object. Can't say "I'm counting friends on".

   Likewise in English. You can say:

   I count on my friends
   I head for home,

   but you can't:

   I count my friends on,
   I head home for.

5. Verb + adverb + preposition + object.

   This formula combines the first and fourth structures. Let's look at examples:

   

   It is curious that in phrasal verbs, the adverb or preposition is always after verb. And in nouns that were formed from these verbs, the adverb is almost always in front.

   

   Part two, in which we are friends with phrasal verbs

   You can make friends with them in many ways.

   One of them is to learn phrasal verbs in English not separately, but using chamomile. Not real ones, of course, but drawn ones, where the core is a phrasal verb, and the petals are phrases in which it can be used. Or instead of petals, there can be planets that revolve around the sun - whichever you prefer.

   Yes, for calm down(calm down, calm down), we have four phrases:

   1.Tea calms me down immediately. Tea calms me down instantly.

   2. Count down to calm down. To calm down, count backwards.

   3. Ways to calm yourself down. Ways to calm down.

   4. Calm your baby down. Reassure your child.

   We place calm down to the center of the planetary system. Here's what we got:

   

   Phrasal verbs in English, the list of which will be very very long, cannot be learned one by one. Speech consists of phrases, and individual words make little sense. Therefore, with companions, it is easier and more effective to teach them.

   You can find "companions" on the internet, eavesdrop on TV shows, or get them out of a magazine, or even from a textbook - any trusted source is good. Phrases can be anything: long, short, frequently used or rare, but interesting to you personally.

   Another "solar system" - clean up(to clean, wash).

   1. Let's clean up! Let's clean up!

   2.Spring litter clean-up
   (this is a phrasal noun, but it will also come in handy). Spring garbage collection.

   3. clean up the mess! Clean up the mess!

   4. It's properly cleaned up. It is well washed.

   

   An additional plus of this method is that you see the word used in different grammatical forms. Not only in the infinitive, but also in the past tense, in the passive voice, in the third person, and so on.

   The second way is to distribute phrasal verbs by topic.

   Today we have chosen five topics:

   1. Love and feelings (where without them);
   2. Internet and computer (without this, all the more nowhere);
   3. Food;
   4. Sports and physical activity;
   5. Study.

   Love and feelings

   So, if you want to start a romantic relationship with someone, then you have so many ways to say it using phrasal verbs. If you

   have your eye on someone- have eyes on someone

   you can start

   hit on him/her- flirt with him or her

   chat up- Start a conversation to get to know each other

   ask him/her out- invite him/her on a date.

   If you are not very good at

   pick up- seduce

   and you were denied, there is an option

   run after him/her- "run" after him / her, that is, try to attract attention(although we do not recommend doing this).

   Well, if you had a relationship, but for some reason did not work out, you can always

   Break up with him/her break up with him or her.

   Almost all phrasal verbs in English are used in songs. Well, songs about love are their inexhaustible source. Can you figure out where the phrasal verbs are hidden?

   I know you ain't in love with him, break up with him.
   I know you're not in love with him, break up with him.

   I got to ask her out before I get too old.
   I should ask her out before I get old.

   He runs after a girl until he's caught.
   He runs after the girl until he himself is caught.

   Internet and computer

   Many of the phrases in this topic are related to the verb to go. It doesn’t have any meanings - enable, enter, access, use something ...

   

   Whenever I go on a computer, the first thing I open is the site and YouTube.

   When I sit down at the computer, the first thing I do is go to the site and YouTube.

   More useful words:

   sign up- subscribe
   Print off (out)- print
   set up- install
   Type in- print, enter (for example, in the input line)
   plug into- to plug
   Filter out- filter out (for example, spam)

   No doubt you've met at least some of them on the web, reading something like the following:

   Sign up to see photos and videos from your friends.
   Subscribe to see photos and videos of your friends.

   Do I have to print out the e-tickets?
   Do I need to print e-tickets?

   Plug the keyboard into your computer.
   Connect your keyboard to your computer.

   Food

   Are you hungry? No problem, let's cook something.

   open up the fridge- open the refrigerator.

   Get out everything that is badly lying there.

   Cut everything up- cut everything
   add in some spices of your choice- add spices to taste,
   fry it up- fry. Don't forget on time
   turn it over- turn over.

   Didn't it taste very good? If you not

   full up- ate

   then the only way out is

   eat out- eat out.

   The main thing when you sit in a restaurant is not to suddenly remember that you forgot

   turn off the oven- turn off the oven.

   Sports and physical activity

   After eating, you can stretch a little. So to speak,

   work off- work out those sweets that were eaten at the restaurant.

   And yes, it would be nice

   get rid of- get rid of from several kilograms.

   Do you like to work out? Do you enjoy exercising?

   For starters, you must

   warm up- warm up.
   Spread out your arms - stretch your arms to the sides.
   bend down your knees - bend your knees,
   jump your feet apart- Spread your legs wide and
   jump your feet together- Gather your legs with a jump.
   Go on jumping - keep jumping.

   Fine. Now

   cool down- take a hitch, cool off.
   Stretch up- Stretch.

   If you are bored of working alone, you can

   Join in- join, join a running club (a running club).

   Then maybe someday you

   take part- take part in a marathon. Over time you
   bulk up- Gain muscle mass.

   Studies

   We know that you, our readers, are constantly learning. Maybe in order to

   sail through the exams- pass exams successfully
   scrape through them- hand them over somehow

   and not let the teachers

   mark you down- Lower your rating.

   Maybe you're nibbling on the granite of science to

   to get into a good university- get into a good university to be able to
   major in- specialize in what you like and, over time
   leave behind- outrun everyone else.

   You are passionate about English. You

   write down- write down new words
   skim through- browse articles about English grammar,
   go over- teach Irregular Verbs and idioms.

   Keep it up! Main,

   Don't ever give up- never give up! And you will succeed.

   Now GET a bonus!

   Finally, a little about the word get. It's not a very familiar word to us. Meanwhile, this is a great injustice, because it can be used literally for everything. No, really, if you forgot all the phrasal verbs of the English language, and non-phrasal ones too, say get and you will be understood. Yes, this is the right word for "any incomprehensible situation":

   How did you get here? - How did you come here?

   I don't get you, could you explain? I don't understand you, could you explain?

   Get some beer with you - Take beer with you.

   Noticed that get goes instead of arrive (arrive), understand (understand), take (take)? And these are just some of the values. And phrasal verbs get forms visibly-invisibly. Today we will introduce you to some of them.

   

   Get by
   Deal with difficulty
   I will get by with a little help from my family.
   I can get through this with a little help from my family.

   Get along
   Be on good terms with someone.
   My sister and I get along well.
   My sister and I have a good relationship.

   Get at
   Hint.
   What are you getting at?
   What you're suggesting?

   Get ahead
   Get around someone, make progress in some area compared to others.
   He has done everything to get ahead of his colleagues.
   He did everything to get around his colleagues.

   Get into
   1. Get carried away with something;
   2. Enter, get (to an educational institution)

   I got into piano playing again.
   I started to get interested in playing the piano again.
   What if I don't get into any university?
   What if I don't get into university?

   get away
   1. Go on vacation / vacation;
   2. Hide, run away.

   I love to get away on summer breaks.
   I love to go somewhere in the summer.
   The thieves couldn't get away in broad daylight.
   The thieves could not escape in broad daylight.