Long products drawings of parts 6 cells technology. Properties of ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Drawings of parts from long products. Reflection of educational activity

Target: to acquaint students with the types of rolled products, methods for its production and the image of parts from rolled products in the drawings.

Equipment: samples of rolled products, assembly drawing, samples of products from long products.

During the classes

I. Repetition of the material covered.

1. Conversation on the questions:

What do you know about non-ferrous alloys?

What are the properties of these metals?

- List the technological properties of metals and alloys.

- Name the mechanical properties of metals and alloys.

- Tell us about the use of aluminum.

2. Exercise for the development of observation, accuracy, accuracy.

Exercise. Determine which keyhole the key fits.

3. Communication of the topic and purpose of the lesson.

II. Presentation of the program material.

1. Introductory conversation.

Teacher. In the lessons in grade 5, we examined sheet metal and wire. Remember how you get them.

For the manufacture of various products, other forms of rolled products are also needed, which are obtained by rolling (compressing) heated ingots between rolls of different profiles.

Often the shape of the future part is brought closer to the shape of long products, which reduces metal waste and the time it takes to manufacture the part.

There are various forms of long products, the most common of which are shown in the figure. Review and name them. (See fig. 1.)

Rice. 1. Bar profiles: A- square; b- band; V- hexagon; G- circle; d- corner; e- triangle; and- channel; h– rail

The teacher explains the main areas of application for various rolled profiles.

2. Practical task.

Execution sequence:

1) Cut out two strips of 100 × 240 mm from tin and do the experiment, loading the strips of tin (see Fig. 2).

Rice. 2. Tin strip samples

2) It is necessary to load until the tin strip touches the table.

3) Write down the data in a notebook and compare the results.

3. The result of the practical task.

1) Evaluation of the implementation of a practical task by students.

2) Generalization.

Teacher. In the "Woodworking" section, we looked at how diagonals are depicted. Name these ways. ( Through sketches, technical drawings and drawings.)

How are rental products depicted? ( Products from long products are depicted similarly.)

How to depict a product consisting of several parts? ( A product consisting of several parts is depicted on assembly drawings..) (See Figure 3.)

What is angle control? ( Angle control template.) (See Figure 4.)

III. Practical work.

Completing tasks:

1. Consider the rivet maker in Figure 3.

2. Sketch the template in your notebook.

3. Carefully read the assembly drawing (Fig. 3) and fill in the table.

IV. Summary of the lesson.

1. Checking and comparing the data filled in the table.

2. Evaluation of sketches and tables.

Lesson summary of the second generation GEF. Technology grade 6.

Technological map of the lesson

Subject: Technology

Textbook (UMK): A.T. Tishchenko, V.D. Simonenko

Lesson topic: Drawings of parts from long products. The use of a computer for the development of graphic documentation. Reading assembly drawings.

ETC. Reading drawings of individual parts and assembly drawings.

Lesson type: combined

Equipment: Samples of completed drawings, workbooks, textbook, drawing accessories.

multimedia equipment. Technology textbook V.D. Simonenko.

Planned results

Subject - students get acquainted with assembly drawings, sketch the details of one of the products, learn to read the assembly drawing of the product.

Meta-subject (UUD): regulatory - to transform a practical task into a cognitive one, communicative - the ability to work in a group when completing a task, the ability to cooperate with a teacher, cognitive - what is an assembly drawing? In what cases are drawings depicting not one view, but two or more? etc. Personal - the ability to conduct self-analysis of the work performed, the development of diligence and responsibility for the quality of their activities.

Basic concepts: assembly drawing, assembly drawing reading.

Stage of motivation(self-determination to activity) -org. moment, we create a problem by showing a slide with an image of an assembly drawing.

Question: What are the rules for depicting technical drawings, sketches and drawings of parts made of wood and sheet metal.

What are the dimensions on the drawings?

Actualization of knowledge and fixation of individual difficulties in a problematic action.

In order to update knowledge, a short conversation is held with students, during which the following questions are asked:

In what cases are drawings depicting not one view, but two or more? (Cognitive UUD - to acquire new knowledge in the process of observation and reasoning)

What are the dimensions on assembly drawings? (regulatory UUD - independently read the assembly drawing);

(cognitive UUD) - What is an assembly drawing?

In order to update knowledge, a conversation is held with students, during which the following questions are asked:

1. What is the difference between assembly drawings of wood products and metal products? (Cognitive UUD - to acquire new knowledge in the process of observation and reasoning)

2. Name the order of reading the assembly drawing from long products (Regulatory UUD - find the necessary information in the textbook yourself)

3.What is an assembly drawing? What does the expression "overall dimensions" mean? (Cognitive UUD - to search and select the necessary information to solve a learning problem - in a textbook, encyclopedia, the Internet.)

Formulation of the topic of the lesson.

What do you think we will learn today?

Having found out the opinion of the children, the teacher clarifies the role of the drawing in the design of products (updating the knowledge of students, regulatory UUD - goal setting)

Practical work

The teacher organizes the actualization of ways to study actions sufficient to build new knowledge.

Trial action (task) - Consider Figure 61, complete in the workbook a sketch of one of the parts: a screwdriver. template, corner - or sketch of a detail from your creative project.

Do the experiment: stretch and release springs made of steel (hardened) and copper wire. Make a conclusion about the elasticity of steel and copper.

Read the assembly drawing shown in Figure 62.

Complete the table in your workbook

The teacher checks the correctness of the assignment, identifying difficulties in the trial action.

Fixing difficulty:

Incorrect sizing. Incorrect determination of the number of views in the drawing (methods for solving the problem)

Way out of trouble:

Once again, the teacher talks about the need to be able to read assembly drawings, be able to make drawings of individual parts, thereby organizing students to explore the problem situation (UUD - communicative, joint problem solving)

3. Reflection of educational activity

At this stage of summing up the lesson, the teacher asks the children questions, answering which he can judge the assimilation of this material.

Questions: What is an assembly drawing?

In what cases are drawings depicting not one view, but two or more?

What is the difference between assembly drawings of wood products and metal products?

What are the dimensions on the assembly drawing?

What new knowledge did you gain for yourself?

Can the knowledge acquired today be useful in life?

The teacher invites the boys to evaluate their work in the lesson. (UUD personal - an adequate understanding of the reasons for success / failure in educational activities.)

House. exercise: repeat § No. 16.

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Slides captions:

Technology lesson in grade 6 Theme of the lesson: “Filing blanks from long products” (First stage) Compiled by: technology teacher of the highest qualification category MKOU Svetloyarsk secondary school No. 2 named after. F. F. Pluzhnikova Trofimov V. P.

LESSON OBJECTIVES To acquaint students with the types, features of files for various purposes, with the principle of their work as cutting tools. Learn to determine the class of the file and its purpose.

Checking students' knowledge of previously studied educational material Checking students' knowledge on task cards of different levels of complexity (4-6 students). Answers to questions (by other students): 1. What are the main parts of a hacksaw? 2. List the rules for safe work with a hacksaw. 3. For what purpose is a cut made with a trihedral file on the workpiece at the cutting point? 4. How is a long workpiece cut?

Presentation of the new material: “Filing blanks from long products” Sawing is cutting off a blank of a small layer of metal (allowance), using files to obtain the exact dimensions indicated in the drawing. Files are made from tool steel.

File elements

Types of files according to the shape of the cross section

Length of the working part of the file Serial numbers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Length of the working part. mm 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400

Types of file notches.

Name Number of main cuts per 10 mm of file length Cut number Application Bastard 5 6... 14 0 1 Rough filing of blanks for removing large metal allowance (up to 0.5 mm) Personal 8... 20 12...28 2 3 Fine filing for removing small metal allowance (up to 0.15 mm) Velvet 20…40 28... 56 4 5 Precise finishing, grinding and honing of details Types of cuts of files.

File classes 0; 1- Bastard files have a large notch, 5-12 teeth per 10 mm. Lengths. They are used for large processing. The thickness of the metal layer removed in one stroke is 0.2-0.5 mm. 2; 3 - personal - have an average notch, 13-26 teeth per 10 mm. length. These files are used when the main layer of metal has already been removed with a bastard file. The thickness of the removed metal layer in one stroke is 0.1-0.3 mm. 4; 5 - velvet - have a notch of 42-80 teeth per 10 mm. lengths and are used for finishing and grinding surfaces. They remove a layer of metal with a thickness of 0.005 - 0.01 mm.

Types of files. Files: a, b - flat; c - square; d, d - trihedral; e - round; g - semicircular; h - olive-shaped; and - rhombic; to - trapezoidal; l - fillet

Laboratory and practical work Task №1. 1. Fill in the table according to the given form. 2. Familiarize yourself with the samples of files. 3. Determine the shape of each file. 4. Count the number of cuts per 10 mm file length. 5. Determine the type of notches. 6. Determine the class (type) and purpose of the file 7. Enter all the data obtained into the prepared table. № p / p Shape of the file Number of cuts per 10 mm length Type of cut Class (type) of the file For what processing is intended 1,2,3, etc.

Organizational and final part Analysis of characteristic errors and causes in determining the types of files. Reporting the evaluation of the work of each student Homework: Prepare for the second stage of the lesson: “Filing blanks from long products” Textbook “Technology”. Page 95-99.

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Long products

Widely used in engineering, construction, transport rolled metal: sheets, strips, tapes, rails, beams etc. It is obtained by compressing an ingot of metal in a hot or cold state between the rotating rolls of a rolling mill. Steel, non-ferrous metals and their alloys are treated in this way.

Rental Profile (its cross-sectional shape) depends on the shape of the rolls. The figures show the main profiles of rolling products, called grade rental.

There are the following profiles long products: simple (circle, square, hexagon, stripe, leaf); shaped (rail, beam, channel, taurus and etc.); special (wheels, reinforcing steel and etc.).

Most often, long products are used as blanks for various parts. For example, from hex bar make bolts and nuts. From round bars turning cylindrical parts on lathes. Angle bars used in the production of frames, frames, racks, etc.

Rolling can give the workpiece the shape of a finished part, thereby avoiding additional processing and, consequently, reducing metal waste and saving time.

Below are several samples of common types of rolled products: pipe, fittings, beam, channel, sheet, angle, strip, etc.

Long products - one of the semi-finished products. This is the name of the product of labor, intended for further processing and obtaining finished products.
You are already familiar with some types of semi-finished products - these are lumber, plywood, wire.
Sheet metal subdivided into sheet (up to 4 mm) and thick sheet (over 4 mm

Types and properties of steel

Steel- This alloy of iron and carbon(up to 2%) and other chemical elements. It is widely used in mechanical engineering, transport, construction, and everyday life.
Depending on the composition, there are carbonaceous And alloyed steel. Carbon steel contains 0.4...2% carbon. Carbon gives steel hardness, but increases brittleness, reduces ductility. When added to steel during melting of other elements: chromium, nickel, vanadium and others - its properties change. Some elements increase hardness, strength, others - elasticity, others give anti-corrosion, heat resistance, etc. Steels that contain these elements are called alloyed. In alloy steel grades, additives are denoted by letters: H - nickel , IN - tungsten ,G - manganese , D - copper , TO - cobalt , T - titanium .

Distinguish according to purpose structural, instrumental and special become.
Structural carbon steel is of ordinary quality and high-quality. First- plastic, but has low strength. It is used for the manufacture of rivets, washers, bolts, nuts, soft wire, nails. Second differs in the increased durability. Shafts, pulleys, lead screws, gears are made from it.
Tool steel has greater hardness, strength than structural, and is used for the manufacture of chisels, hammers, thread-cutting tools, drills, cutters.
Special steels - these are steels with special properties: heat-resistant, wear-resistant, stainless, etc.
All types of steel are marked in a certain way. So, structural steel ordinary quality is indicated by letters St. and serial number from 0 before 7 (Art. ABOUT, Art. 1 etc. - the higher the steel number, the higher the carbon content and tensile strength), quality - two digits 05 , 08 , 10 etc., showing the carbon content in hundredths of a percent. According to the reference book, you can determine the chemical composition of steel and its properties.
The properties of steel can be changed by thermal action - heat treatment (heat treatment). It consists in heating to a certain temperature, holding at this temperature and subsequent rapid or slow cooling. The temperature range can be wide depending on the type of heat treatment and the carbon content of the steel.
The main types of heat treatment - hardening, tempering, annealing, normalizing .
Used to increase the hardness of steel hardening - heating the metal to a certain temperature (for example, up to 800 ° C) and rapid cooling in water, oil or other liquids.
With significant heating and rapid cooling, steel becomes hard and brittle. Brittleness after hardening can be reduced by holidays - the cooled hardened steel part is again heated to a certain temperature (for example, 200 ... 300 ° C), and then cooled in air.
For some tools, only their working part is hardened. This increases the durability of the entire tool.
At annealing the workpiece is heated to a certain temperature, maintained at this temperature and slowly(this is the main difference from hardening) cool down. Annealed steel becomes softer and therefore better machined.
Normalization - kind of annealing, only cooling occurs in air. This type of heat treatment improves the strength of the steel.

Heat treatment of steel in industrial plants is carried out thermal workers. The thermist must have a good knowledge of the internal structure of metals, their physical and technological properties, heat treatment modes, skillfully use thermal furnaces, and strictly observe labor safety rules.

The most important mechanical properties of steel - hardness and strength . On hardness steel is tested using special hardness testers. The measurement method is based on the indentation of a harder material into the sample: a hard steel ball, a diamond cone or a diamond pyramid.

Hardness value HB is determined by dividing the load by the surface area of ​​the imprint left in the metal ( Brinell method ) (Fig. right, A),

or according to the depth of immersion in the metal of the diamond point, steel ball ( Rockwell method ) (rice. 6 ).

Strength steels are determined on tensile testing machines by testing samples of a special shape, stretching them in the longitudinal direction until they break (fig. on the left). To determine the strength, divide the maximum load that preceded the rupture of the specimen by the area of ​​its original cross section.

Production of products from high-quality rolled products. The connection of parts can be one-piece and detachable. Permanent connections of parts are obtained with the help of rivets, welding, soldering, glue, detachable - with the help of bolts, screws, studs, nuts. The manufacture of products from long products in training workshops includes the following plumbing operations: marking using a ruler and caliper; cutting with metalwork scissors and a metalworking saw; felling in a vice and on a plate; filing with a file; bending in a vice; connecting parts with bolts and nuts; connection of parts with rivets; product finishing. In production, these operations are performed by a locksmith.

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Ferrous metallurgy

"Metal casting" - Types of casting. After the resulting metal is cleaned. Protective covers, fluxes, deoxidizers. Fuse. Grinding removes oxides from the sculpture, revealing a clean surface. Melting and casting of metals. Charge material, depending on the degree and nature of contamination, is subjected to various processing. Casting. In its pure form, heavy metals are used: tin, lead, zinc.

"Metal processing" - In recent years, the production of church utensils has been mastered: lamps of various shapes, salaries for icons, crosses, panagias. If a filigree ornament is made on a metal background or wood, then a pattern is applied to the background surface, according to which, after a series of operations, the filigree is soldered or glued. Already in ancient times in Rus' there was an art of metalworking, which consisted in making openwork patterns resembling lace from wire of various thicknesses (smooth or flattened).

"The Age of Metals" - Gold and platinum are found only in free form. Most often included in the Bronze Age, but sometimes considered a separate period. Tsar Cannon Tsar Bell Colossus of Rhodes. Application. Biological role. Stone tools were made from various types of stone. I am hard, malleable and plastic, Brilliant, needed by everyone, practical.

"Obtaining metals" - Metallurgy is engaged in obtaining metals from ores. The prevalence of metals in nature. Very active metals. Average activity. Methods for obtaining metals. Electrolysis. The most important ores. Inactive (noble). Finding metals in nature. Nacl (melt) na+ + cl- cathode(--) anode(+) na+ + 1? na o 2cl -- 2? cl2 (reduction) (oxidation).

"Steel" - Increases strength, wear resistance and gives anti-friction and elastic qualities. Rice. Thermal and chemical-thermal treatment of metals. E - hard magnetic steel for permanent magnets. Silicon (Si) - is introduced for deoxidation. 1. For example, E21 - electrical steel, contains 2% silicon and about 0.1% carbon.