The composition of the consumer basket is being reviewed by the subjects of the Russian Federation. The concept of the consumer basket and methods of its formation. The ratio of products to non-food products

A consumer basket is an approximate set of products, a range of products that characterize the typical level and structure of a person's or family's monthly (annual) consumption. Such a set is used to calculate the minimum consumer budget (living wage), the origin of the cost of the consumer basket in current prices. The consumer basket also forms the basis for comparing settlement and real consumption levels, and also the basis for determining the purchasing power of currencies.

Consumer basket - a minimum set of food products, non-products and services necessary to maintain human health and ensure its activities.

In Russia, the consumer basket is calculated in accordance with the law “On the Consumer Basket as a Whole in the Russian Federation”, adopted on January 1, 2013. The Russian consumer basket includes three main parts:

1) Food products such as flour products, grains, vegetables, meat, fish and dairy products;

2) Non-food products, which include things, medicines, various equipment;

3) Payment for housing, heat, water, light, in addition, the cost of transport, cultural events, etc.

The cost of the consumer basket in Russia - official data

Table: consumer basket 2018 in Russia

What does the consumer basket look like in 2018 (composition and price per month) in the Russian Federation? On the official website of Rosstat there is a form that shows the cost of a conditional (minimum) set of food products. For comparison, let's take data for Russia as a whole, Moscow and St. Petersburg:

It looks implausible, especially when you consider that, according to such calculations, a person can spend only 132 rubles per day on food.

Now let's see what the full consumer basket in Russia is for 2018 (official Rosstat data on the cost of a fixed set of consumer goods and services):

Recall that the minimum wage from May 1 is set at 11,163 rubles per month. At the same time, the daily consumer basket of a Russian in rubles (2018, for May) is 502.37 rubles. This is taking into account fees for treatment, food, travel, utilities, etc.

The cost of the consumer basket directly affects the cost of living, and since 2018, the minimum wage. The mechanism is as follows: every quarter, Rosstat calculates the price of the consumer basket, on the basis of which the cost of living is determined. Recall that from May 1, 2018, the minimum wage is 100% of the RM.

Let's tell you how much a consumer basket costs in 2018. The composition and price for a month of the minimum set of food, non-food products and services that are necessary for survival in the Russian Federation will be presented below.

Consumption table per year

Every Russian citizen, in accordance with the main law (the Constitution), has the right to count on decent living conditions, which are determined by the main components - the subsistence minimum, the consumer basket and earnings not lower than a fixed minimum level.

The consumer basket includes a complete list of food products, a number of services and other goods necessary to maintain a proper state of health, as well as to preserve it and ensure the life of an individual.

It is through the definition of the consumer basket and the subsistence minimum in 2019 that Moscow is based on solving and developing the following vector areas:

• to fix the living standards of the capital citizen;
• put into action the policy pursued by the state in order to ensure the social protection of the population.

If, for established reasons, the income of a Muscovite in monetary terms in 2019 amounts to an amount that “does not reach” the established one, the state undertakes to increase it by deciding to issue additional subsidies, pension payments and other types of social security.

However, more often such statements remain only projections and have nothing to do with the realities of life.

After all, if we consider the data of the beginning of 2016, the officially adopted minimum wage of a metropolitan resident did not even reach 67% of the subsistence level of an able-bodied citizen. Such a deplorable state of affairs in the financial sector of the majority of the population has been observed for more than one year, which contradicts the main articles of the Labor Code.

How the consumer basket is accepted

It is the PC that is the main guideline for calculating the minimum amount necessary for the existence of each person. The PC, in turn, is based on the primary levels:

1. Within the framework of the whole country, the government is developing an appropriate project, which describes the important components. The tripartite commission that regulates social and labor relations also takes part in making the final decision.
2. The adopted figure is changed within each subject of the state (including Moscow) at a meeting by representative bodies, taking into account the climatic features of the area, the needs of residents for food and non-food products.

The composition of the consumer basket for residents of Moscow

The consumer basket has three main parts:

1. Food products.
2. Non-food products.
3. Services.

The amount of products consumed is determined on average per one metropolitan resident, in accordance with the main socio-demographic categories of the Moscow population:

• able-bodied citizens;
• people of retirement age;
• children.

In 2016, for the first time, officials wondered if there was a need to expand the list of goods that make up the consumer basket of an ordinary Muscovite. Modern technologies have become so closely integrated into modern human life that it is already difficult to imagine at least someone who would not use a mobile phone or computer. As for the World Wide Web, even pensioners are mastering the Internet, especially those who are at a great distance from relatives and friends.

The above needs, according to the degree of "need" in the developed countries of the world, are equated to food and medicines. In Germany, a law was recently signed, according to which a citizen who is unable to access the Internet due to shortcomings of the provider has the right to sue for moral damages.

From the outside, such situations may seem ridiculous. But even in Russia, according to statistics, about 50% of the rural population checks email and use social networks every day, and in Moscow this figure has already reached 72% of residents.

Unfortunately, the decision to include payment for the use of a mobile device and a computer into the consumer basket is still up in the air, but as they say, Moscow was not built right away either.

As of 2019, there is a trend in the composition of the food basket, in which 41.4% is food, 16.4% is non-food products, service coverage is 42.2%.

Daily amount of food

The Government of the Russian Federation calculates that each person needs approximately 1 ton of potatoes, 115 kg of vegetables, 60 kg of fruit, 130 kg of bread and flour products, 60 kg of meat and 20 kg of fish, 20 kg of sugar, 180 eggs, 13 kg of butter and 220 kg of milk. Thus, a person will have to consume only 300 g of bread, 280 g of potatoes, 80 g of milk, 50 g of fish and 180 g of meat per day. As you can see, the number of products is scanty and absolutely does not correspond to modern realities.

How much will the cost of the basket in Moscow increase in 2019

According to the head of the department of trade and services in the capital, A. Nemeryuk, in 2019, a regular increase in the price of the consumer basket by an average of 10% of the previous size is expected, since, according to official data, inflation keeps its positions at the same indicator every year, a special jump in food prices is not expected.

The monitoring takes into account the cost differences of 40 main types of food produced by 105 organizations, including great attention to prices fixed at markets and fairs.

The product range does not undergo significant changes, except that some types of goods are replaced by other manufacturers. The consumer basket establishes for each able-bodied citizen living in Moscow 18 kg of fish products, 59 kg of meat, 62 kg of fruit, 115 kg of vegetables, 127 kg of bakery products.

As for the non-food group of goods, a resident of the capital can count on the purchase of six pairs of shoes that should be worn for 3.5 years, outerwear in the amount of three items for 7 years, two sets of bed linen, which should be enough for at least 1 year, stationery in three pieces for 1 year.

The minimum food basket is the most expensive in the village of Baikalovo, Sverdlovsk Region, and the cheapest is in Naberezhnye Chelny. Such a conclusion can be drawn by examining the prices of Magnit in 1273 settlements of the country

Photo: Ekaterina Kuzmina / RBC

What and how was considered

Rosstat's "List of goods included in the conditional (minimum) set of food products" is the basis for the calculations of the "Magnit" basket. There are 33 items on the list, analysts excluded one from it - lamb, which is not available in every store (the list is given at the end of the article). Analysts clarified some of the positions: for example, margarine is simply indicated in the Rosstat list, and margarine with a fat content of 40% is used to calculate the Magnit basket.

The basket is calculated for 1273 settlements where Magnit stores are located and where all selected items are presented. For calculations, products are used that fully correspond to the description, or, in their absence, the closest to it. The minimum price for each item is taken. The mass of the product, which Rosstat in the list gives in a conditional calculation for a year, is divided into 12 months. For example, Rosstat accepts the consumption of millet at 6 kg per year, which means that the cost of 500 g is used for the monthly calculation.

What does the price depend on

If we group prices by regions, having calculated the arithmetic average for all their available points, the most expensive (the basket costs more than 3,000 rubles) will be the Tyumen region and the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. “Pricing is influenced, on the one hand, by the higher income level of the population in the oil regions,” explains Natalya Kolupaeva, senior analyst at Raiffeisenbank. “And on the other hand, the higher cost of logistics to distant cities.”

Moscow was not included in the top 10 most expensive regions, but St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region were. This is due, in particular, to a lower level of competition between suppliers, says Mikhail Burmistrov, General Director of INFOLine-Analytics: higher than in the capital.

The cheapest - below 2500 rubles. - a grocery basket in March could be bought in ten regions of Russia. Basically, these are regions with a low level of income of the population: Saratov, Penza, Volgograd regions, the Republics of Chuvashia, Udmurtia and others. Also, a lower cost of the basket is observed in regions with developed agriculture: for example, the Republic of Tatarstan ranked third in the ranking of the cheapest, Burmistrov notes.

The price of a basket often differs dramatically in different localities of the same region. For example, the leader in terms of high cost is the village of Baikalovo in the Sverdlovsk region (3181 rubles), and the city of Revda in the same Sverdlovsk region took only 1138th place (2529 rubles). Sometimes the spread is due to logistics, sometimes due to competition. Magnit operates in many small towns, and if a retailer has to compete only with conditional tents on wheels, he does not have to give big discounts, ”explains Kolupaeva from Raiffeisenbank. In the opposite situation, with high competition, Magnit often tries to make its minimum grocery basket cheaper. In addition, each store has a turnover target, which also affects the price level, adds Burmistrov: “In order for the store to meet the turnover target, prices for certain goods may decrease or increase depending on the situation.”

Why is the basket cheaper?

In May 2015, from which Gradoteka began collecting Magnit data, the average cost of the consumer basket was 3019 rubles, and in March 2016 - 2749 rubles, that is, the basket fell in price by almost 10% in ten months. Despite the fact that inflation in March 2016 compared to March 2015 was 7.3%.

Chains deliberately subsidize prices for some product categories to attract buyers, analysts explain: now many consumers ply between chains in search of the best price, so it is important for retailers to have goods with the best prices. So, in the latest study “Ivanov Consumer Index”, Sberbank CIB analysts indicated that now the average number of retail chains in which middle-class Russians are 2.2. Due to marketing, inflation on the shelves of the largest Russian chains is much lower than the overall official food inflation, they noted. “People are looking for substitute products or goods on sale, as a result, prices have fallen within most product categories,” Kolupaeva explains.

What not to do with the shopping cart

The cost of the basket calculated using Magnit's prices cannot be directly compared with the cost of the basket calculated by Rosstat. The differences between them are not limited to the excluded lamb. At least two things should be noted: the Magnitov basket is calculated by settlements, and the Rosstat basket is calculated by regions, and Rosstat collects data not only from discounters, but also from premium retailers, and in general not only from retail chains. The cost of the consumer basket of Rosstat at the end of March 2016 amounted to 3,655 rubles, which is 1.3 times more than that of Magnit.

Finally, one should not draw hasty conclusions about the life of ordinary Russians from the cost and composition of the basket. Rosstat warns against this: “The data given in the weight gain (quantity) of goods are conditional and do not reflect their real consumption by the population.”

Minimum grocery basket (32 items)

Vermicelli - 500 g
Beef (shoulder meat) - 1.25 kg
Peas and beans - 608 g
Fresh white cabbage - 2.92 kg
Caramel - 58.33 g
Fresh potatoes - 12.5 kg
Chilled and frozen chickens - 1.17 kg
Fresh onion - 1.67 kg
Margarine (40%) - 500 g
Refined deodorized sunflower oil - 583.33 g
Butter (72.5%) - 150 g
Whole pasteurized drinking milk (2.5-3.2%) - 9.17 l
Fresh carrots - 2.92 kg
Wheat flour of the highest grade - 1.67 kg
Fresh cucumbers - 150 g
Black pepper (peas) - 60.83 g
Cookies - 58.33 g
Millet - 500 g
Long-grain polished rice - 416.67 g
Whole frozen fish - 1.17 kg
Granulated sugar - 1.67 kg
Pork (shoulder meat) - 333.33 g
Salted herring - 58.33 g
Sour cream (20%) - 150 g
Food table salt - 304.17 g
Rennet cheeses, hard and soft (40-50%) - 208.33 g
Low-fat cottage cheese (1.8-2%) - 833.33 g
Bread and bakery products made from wheat flour of 1 and 2 grades - 6.25 kg
Bread made from rye flour and from a mixture of rye and wheat flour - 9.58 kg
Long leaf black tea - 41.67 g
Fresh apples - 1.55 kg
Table chicken eggs (grade 1 and grade 2) - 15 pieces

To determine the minimum required amount of money that a certain person or family can live on for a month, the concept of a consumer basket was introduced. It is also used to compare the actual and estimated levels of acquisition of certain goods, to calculate and determine each of the currencies.

Legislative regulation

Before you define a basket, you need to find out its composition. It is on the number of products included in it and the prices for them that will depend on how much money everyone needs to spend on living. The composition of this basket is approved by the relevant federal law of 2012 for the three main groups of people, children and pensioners.

The food basket for Russian citizens consists of 11 items. Separately, it is indicated that the cost of non-food products is set at 50% of the cost of food, the same percentage is set for services. But in previous legislative acts, the necessary norms for paying for services, buying clothes and essentials were calculated.

Minimum set of products

At the federal level, the minimum number of products that should be consumed by different categories of the population per year was determined. Thus, the law establishes such norms for children, pensioners and the working population.

The annual nutritional set for every resident of Russia looks exactly like this. The grocery basket for the month looks the same. Its composition is no different, just the number of products from each category can be divided by 12, and you will find out how much meat or bread should be eaten within 30 days. By the way, if it seems to you that the tables give too large and unrealistic numbers, then to determine the average daily norm, simply divide each of the indicators by 365. So you will find out that an adult can eat about 275 grams of potatoes per day, 300 - other vegetables and a little over half an egg. The daily norm of meat is 160, and fish - 50 grams. True, in some regions the set of its components may differ.

How is the composition of the basket determined?

Looking at what the grocery basket includes, many are perplexed. They are interested in what legislators proceed from when they allocate, for example, 88 kg for a child, and 80 kg for a pensioner. To understand this, you need to understand how it is compiled. First of all, keep in mind that it must be updated at the legislative level at least once every 5 years.

When updating the basket, its biological and, of course, nutritional value is taken into account. It is believed that each new set of products should be better and more useful than the previous one. That is why, at the legislative level, more meat, milk, fish products and eggs, fruits and various vegetables are included in it. But the share of potatoes, bread products, fats is gradually decreasing.

Also, the grocery basket takes into account the content of fats, carbohydrates and proteins, and the number of kcal in it is also determined. These indicators must necessarily comply with the standards established for each of the categories of the population.

What is the consumer basket for?

In many countries, it is customary to determine the minimum set of products and goods that are necessary for living. Based on its value, the minimum estimated amount that a person can live on is calculated. Of course, the established set is more of a theoretical nature, because it is not enough for a full life. The cost of living and the consumer basket are two interrelated concepts, because the first indicator is determined based on the cost of the second.

It is the living wage that is taken as the basis for calculating various social supplements, determining the amounts of benefits and other payments. By the cost of the consumer basket, it is easy to determine the level of inflation, it is enough to calculate how much it has grown over the billing period.

Is it possible to live on the estimated amount?

Seeing the composition and cost of the food package, the allocated amount for services and others, many are interested in whether it is realistic to survive for a month on such a ration. If you decide on such an experiment, then keep in mind that many habits will have to be abandoned. For example, the grocery basket does not include alcohol. For the allocated amount, you are unlikely to be able to purchase overseas fruits, you will have to be content with the cheapest apples, although in winter they will become something inaccessible.

The cost of living does not count that you want to develop culturally, so going to the cinema, museums or theaters is also prohibited. At the same time, keep in mind that you need to pay for utilities, set aside a certain amount for global purchases (and these include the purchase of outerwear and shoes).

Thus, the calculated cost of the consumer basket for 2014 is 6,300 rubles for an adult, 6,400 for a child, and 5,400 for a pensioner.

The consumer basket is a fairly important indicator of the economic development of any country. It clearly shows the level of well-being of citizens. Depending on the subsistence minimum and the size of the minimum wage, which are established by the state, the composition of the consumer basket is different. In some countries, even such luxury items as online dating are included in the list. In other states, this figure is very meager and does not even provide the necessary food. It all depends on how the country's economy can provide the basic needs of its population.

What determines the size of the consumer basket

The Constitution of the Russian Federation, the fundamental law of the country, proclaims our state as a legal, democratic and socially oriented state. This means that the government is trying to provide citizens of their country with decent living conditions, a guaranteed minimum.

For the calculation, certain uniform standards are used, which are guaranteed by law. They allow you to determine the minimum needs of people, which are calculated according to a special basic methodology and are fixed normatively.

The main indicators in our country are:

• living wage;
• minimal salary;

These are the three basic components on which the economy relies. The cost of living, as well as the consumer basket, in different regions of the Russian Federation have different indicators.

Products, goods and services

The living wage for all residents of Russia is established by the law of the Russian Federation No. 134. It was adopted on October 24, 1997.

If we speak by the letter of the law, then the living wage of a person is the cost of the consumer basket and mandatory payments and fees. If a person does not provide himself with a living wage fixed by the state, he has the right to receive benefits and benefits, subsidies and other types of guaranteed assistance. Simply put, he is below the poverty line when he cannot provide for his basic needs for various reasons. Then the government comes to the rescue.

The consumer basket of a Russian is a certain set of food products, everyday goods, clothes and shoes, as well as some necessary services, without which life and normal human life are impossible. To put it simply, this is a necessary minimum for every citizen of Russia.

The composition of the consumer basket directly depends on the economic well-being of the country. It differs significantly in different states. The higher the welfare of the country, the more filled the consumer basket. So, all calculations are made on the basis of how full the state budget is.

What is more important

Although all calculations (the sum of some taxes, contributions, payments, administrative fines, and so on) are based on the basic subsistence level, the consumer basket is still a more important economic indicator. It is on its basis that economists calculate the money that is necessary for the existence of each person. It directly affects the formation of the budget.

Calculations are made at two levels:

1. Throughout the Russian Federation, it is determined what the consumer basket should be in Russia in its monetary and commodity equivalent. This is done by the government of the country and the tripartite commission for the regulation of social and labor relations. Then this norm is enshrined in federal law.
2. Each subject of the Federation separately determines for itself what is included in the consumer basket and what its monetary equivalent will be. It depends not only on the economic state of the region. It also takes into account such components as the need of the local population for certain goods, climate, traditions, and so on.

How often changes are made

The cost of living in each region is reviewed every quarter and can change up or down four times a year. This is normal and legal.

But the minimum consumer basket is determined for the next five years. It was last revised in December 2012 (Federal Law No. 227). Therefore, there are no plans to revise this indicator this year. Although at the end of 2014 some changes and additions were made. It is clear that if the consumer basket was determined three or four years ago, and during this time products and goods have risen in price, then the price of the basket itself also rises. It becomes more expensive in terms of money.

The law (in particular, Article 2) clearly states what is included in the consumer basket. It takes into account the main social and demographic subgroups of the population.

A clear ratio

It should be noted that the products of the consumer basket are defined by a specific clear list. Consumption rates are indicated in kilograms and liters per year. But the goods of the consumer basket in the list are indicated as a ratio in price with food products, which is expressed as a percentage.

In simple terms, the amount of goods and services should be 50 percent of the cost of food.

Thus, to find out the total price of a consumer basket, it is necessary to multiply the cost of grocery items by two.

It is easier to remember this data using the following formula:

Groceries + non-food products (they make up 50 percent of the products) + services (also half of the cost of the food basket) = consumer basket.

Even this scheme shows that half of their income has to be spent on feeding themselves.

What should be included in the consumer basket

So, everything is clear with the percentage, now let's move on to filling. The consumer basket is divided into three categories, which include:

1. Food products, namely: cereals, flour products, vegetables, meat, fish, dairy products and others.
2. Non-food products: clothing, footwear, household appliances, medicines.
3. Utilities and other services: payment for housing, water, heat, electricity, gas, as well as expenses for public transport, trips to cultural places, etc.

In 2015, the Russian government, for example, decided to slightly reduce the amount of bakery products (up to 127 kg) and potatoes (the norm is 101 kg) per person. But the amount of meat has been increased - the norm is 59 kg per year. Also increased indicators of fish - up to 19 kg and dairy products. The norm of milk, kefir and sour cream is 293 liters per inhabitant of Russia.

Another feature - greens have been added to the diet. So in the food category, the changes were significant. But there are practically no changes in the other two categories of the consumer basket.

What will they feed us?

If we consider the norms of the consumer basket for Moscow and Muscovites, then this is what the picture will turn out to be. Each citizen can consume per day:

• 370 grams of bread;
• 290 grams of potatoes;
• 370 grams of vegetables;
• 180 grams of fruit;
• 780 grams of dairy and sour-milk products;
• 60 grams of sweets;
• half an egg;
• 70 grams of fish;
• 180 meat.

In addition, the composition of the necessary products includes vegetable oil, tea, fats and so on. Such products are required in the diet. As you can see, there are no cheeses, seafood, alcohol, sweet drinks, delicacies.

It should be noted that the consumer basket in Moscow is designed for three main groups of the population. These are children, the working population and pensioners. In this case, the living wage is:

• per capita - 12,145 rubles;
• for pensioners - 8,528 rubles;
• for children - 10 443 rubles.

Three categories of citizens

The calculation of the subsistence minimum for the capital takes into account the specifics of the region. For example, if in the country as a whole services should make up 50 percent of food products, then in Moscow (for the able-bodied population) they are within 127 percent. For pensioners and children, this ratio is slightly lower - 75 percent.

It should be noted that the consumer basket for the working population, pensioners and children has some differences. It has to do with basic needs and age. So, for pensioners, the norms of food and, accordingly, goods and services are lower by about 10 percent. As for children, here the norms of vegetables and fruits are higher than for the able-bodied population. This is due to the fact that a growing body requires more vitamins and fiber. This has been reflected.

There are geographical features as well. In the Murmansk region, for example, the number of food products included in the consumer basket is greater than in central Russia. But the rate of consumption of vegetables is lower than in other regions of Russia.

Each time, before approving new norms for the consumer basket, a thorough consultation takes place with specialists - doctors and nutritionists. Guided by their recommendations, the commission draws up a list of products and their quantity.

What needs to be added

Naturally, the consumer basket of any country is a guaranteed minimum set of products, goods and services. Therefore, proposals constantly arise to expand this list, to supplement it with the necessary items of expenditure. Indeed, every year there are more and more services and goods, without which everyday life becomes impossible or incomplete.

Legislators and public figures in Russia propose to include such important aspects:

• help of a hired nanny (very important due to the lack of places in kindergartens);
• paid medical services;
• home and vehicle insurance;
• rental housing;
• computers, laptops, etc.

In general, there are proposals to supplement the consumer basket with nine items.

Of course, these are things without which the life of a modern person is extremely difficult to imagine today. And of course, the new standard of living should be reflected in the consumer basket. But behind each position there should be a clear economic justification.

What do they have?

Of course, it is always interesting how things are with similar indicators in other countries? What is the size of the consumer basket, for example, in Europe?

Yes, in comparison with European countries, the Russian basket will look somewhat poor. It currently contains only 156 main items of products, goods and services. But in Great Britain there are more than 700 of them, in Germany - 475. In France, there are 250 items in the consumer basket, in the USA - 300, in England - 350. At the same time, in the UK, the composition of the consumer basket is adjusted annually. And there are such positions to which we are still very far away. These are, for example, the cost of buying e-books, paying for various mobile dating applications, as well as paying for the Internet, mobile communications and other "entertainment".

What is it connected with? Naturally, with the general state of affairs in the country's economy. The richer the state, the more it can afford to include names in this important socio-economic indicator. The lower the economic level of the country, the fewer items of mandatory goods and services in the consumer basket.

Pensions and subsidies depend on the basket

You can’t just take and enter the positions that are needed. After all, the law on the consumer basket assumes that such an important indicator as inflation is calculated on the basis of its value, and the amount of pension benefits, social payments and state subsidies is also determined. Therefore, you can not just put on the list those products and goods that you would like. After all, an increase in the subsistence minimum will lead to additional social burdens on the state. Will it then be able to fulfill its obligations?

Therefore, if you ask a person to at least approximately draw up his personal calculation of the consumer basket, then it will differ significantly from the official one.

Some more interesting facts

With the products that are part of the consumer basket, of course. But it is interesting what else is determined by this norm and for how many years.

As for household services, every Russian of working age can consume 285 liters of water per day, both hot and cold. Agree, this is very generous! Per month, according to the calculations of the consumer basket, it is possible to burn 10 cubic meters of natural gas, and consume only 50 kW of electricity. So with electricity you have to be more economical.

But interesting data about outerwear. According to the norms of the consumer basket, an able-bodied person is entitled to three items of the "upper coat group". And not for a year, but for 7 and a half years. But in different weather, appropriate clothing is also needed - a fur coat, jacket, overcoat, windbreaker, and so on. And then it already turns out that you can buy a new jacket once every 8-10 years! Women should wear a skirt very carefully, given that it should last 5 years. But shoes rely more - two pairs a year. Skeptics will say: is it possible to wear only two pairs for a whole year? A bra is designed for as much as 3 years, a business suit for 5 years, and trousers for 4 years.

But here it is worth recalling once again that the consumer basket of a Russian determines only the necessary minimum. And remember that with the growth of the country's welfare, the norms of the consumer basket are also growing.