Color the edible mushroom and its poisonous counterpart. Project "Edible mushrooms and their false counterparts". Names and descriptions of dangerous twin mushrooms

Poison mushroom twins

When picking mushrooms in the forest, it is worth remembering a few immutable rules. Firstly, not all mushrooms are edible, many of the ones we come across along the way are poisonous. It is very important to know that edible mushrooms differ from non-edible ones, but normal mushrooms also have poisonous counterparts.

Many edible mushrooms have twins, even white fungus, which is rightfully considered the "king of mushrooms." Do not be upset, because even experienced mushroom pickers confuse edible and their counterparts, collect them in a basket, but upon careful examination of the assembled house, they immediately get rid of poisonous ones.

The counterpart of the "king of mushrooms" is -. Like any double, it is very similar to the original, but even with a detailed examination it can be easily distinguished: the leg of such a mushroom is covered with a mesh, and it itself is darker than that of a real white mushroom, and the underside of the cap is completely pink, the flesh is cut legs turn red.

But like the true king, the porcini mushroom has more than one double, the second and most dangerous among the people is called “forest devil”, it also differs from its edible counterpart: The leg, closer to the top, has a pinkish color, and the cap is blood red from the bottom, on the cut of the leg, the flesh first becomes red, then blue. Remember the "forest devil" is very poisonous!

The double moss mushroom is a pepper mushroom, based on the name, the taste of this mushroom is hot, like a pepper. The hat of this double is dark below, and the leg is much thinner than the original.

Doubles of honey mushrooms are moth and gray-yellow honey agaric. They are the ones that cause the most poisoning. These changelings appear, just at the time of the collection of real honey mushrooms, in the month of August, but most often all the same in September. It is for this reason that mushroom pickers in the forest must be very careful not to pick those mushrooms that, firstly, they do not know, and those that cause alertness.

You should not take milky-white mushrooms, poisonous mushrooms often have such a color palette, if reddish plates adorn the mushroom cap, then this handsome man is also poisonous.

Not many poisonous mushrooms are fatal, but changeling venom mainly attacks the gastrointestinal tract, causing vomiting and diarrhea.

Among poisonous mushrooms, by right of primacy and danger, the place of the king is taken by a pale grebe, it is often confused with porcini mushroom by inexperienced mushroom pickers, it has a kind of small “fringe” on the bottom of the hat, and again, unlike its fellow, the pale grebe is an aristocrat, in other words she is much whiter than the "king of mushrooms"

When picking mushrooms, be careful, if something is in doubt, it is better not to cut it and not to take it with you.

White, chanterelles, mushrooms, champignons, russula ... Russian forests can boast an abundance of the most different mushrooms. The diversity of their species just leads to severe poisoning, reports of which, with the onset of each mushroom season appear in the media. Going on a "silent hunt", it will not be superfluous to remember how mushroom twins look like, how they differ from the representatives that are so desirable in our basket. After all, awareness reliable way to avoid the severe consequences of poisoning with the "wrong" gifts of the forest.

There are no mushrooms more toxic than pale grebes - insidious twins russula mushrooms and champignons. Many believe that its appearance should resemble something foul-smelling, fragile and slender. In fact, the appearance of this poisonous mushroom inspires confidence: a large, rather fleshy fruit with a “skirt” on a leg and a good smell. At a young age, the toadstool resembles an oblong egg. The color of the cap is white, yellowish-olive or light green. This one can be found from June to October in both coniferous and deciduous forests. The result of tasting pale grebe is usually death. Moreover, the symptoms of poisoning manifest themselves only after a day and quickly pass. On the 7th-10th day, a person dies of acute renal or hepatic failure.

The often dangerous look-alikes of mushrooms bear an incredible resemblance to their edible twins. So, gall fungus, which occurs from mid-summer to September in coniferous forests, easily confused with white. Experienced mushroom pickers determine the gall fungus by its white tubular layer, pinkish flesh and bitterness. This mushroom is not poisonous. At the same time, it is inedible. If it accidentally ends up in a cooked dish, it will be impossible to correct the bitter taste of food.

The satanic one is less similar to the white mushroom than the gall mushroom, however, and it sometimes ends up on the dinner table. Dangerous and can be identified by the pulp. It has a yellowish color, turns blue or slightly reddens on the cut.

There are twin mushrooms known as common mushrooms. False mushrooms growing large groups on rotting wood, there are several species. Two of these are considered the most dangerous: sulfur-yellow and brick-red false mushrooms. It is important to be able to distinguish poisonous from edible mushrooms, for which it is enough to carefully look at the characteristic color of the hat and the absence of scales on it. There is no “skirt” ring on the leg of the poisonous honey agaric. If a pleasant, typically mushroom smell emanates from a real honey agaric, then false ones smell unpleasant.

Twin mushrooms, very similar to chanterelles, are considered conditionally edible. They are also called chanterelles, only false ones. You can meet orange-red mushrooms with caps wrapped in a funnel on stumps and trunks of coniferous trees.

Mushroom pickers collect forest gifts in order to extract undeniable health benefits from them. But almost all have their antipodes, which, if not deadly poisonous, are unfit for human consumption. You can save yourself from many of the troubles that doubles of edible mushrooms cause if you bypass the dubious ones and send only those mushrooms in which you are 100 percent sure to the basket.

Even when picking well-known mushrooms, there is a risk of putting a toxic specimen in the basket. After all, in addition to the usual red fly agaric or conditional grebes, in the forest you can find poisonous or simply inedible mushrooms very similar to edible. In some cases, a mistake can cost a life, so you should carefully examine everything that you put in a basket. What to look for and where to expect a dirty trick? We have made a selection of common dangerous doubles

Summer mushrooms - bordered galerina - sulfur-yellow false honey agaric

Summer honey agaric is probably not as popular as autumn, but it also has its admirers. And they should take note that this mushroom has a very dangerous double - a bordered gallery. What are the differences? Firstly, summer honey agaric bears fruit in large clusters. In turn, the galerina, even if it grows in groups, usually grows together no more than 2-3 mushrooms. Secondly, the leg: in the honey agaric, the lower part is scaly, in the twin, it is fibrous. In general, honey mushrooms are larger: their hat can reach up to 6 cm in diameter, in the gallery - more often up to 3 cm. If there is even the slightest doubt, it is better to refuse the find. Galerina fringed is deadly poisonous!

The gallery is bordered.

False foam is sulfur-yellow.

Another twin of the summer honey agaric is a sulfur-yellow false honey agaric. Unlike the edible one, this specimen does not have a ring. There are also differences in smell: an edible mushroom emits a pleasant mushroom aroma, while a false one has a more subdued smell. Sulphur-yellow false foam is not as poisonous as bordered galerina, but the consequences are also unpleasant: its use can cause abdominal cramps and mild poisoning.

Champignon - pale grebe (white)

Death cap.

The key difference between champignon and poisonous twin is the color of the plates on the bottom of the cap. If in a pale grebe they are always white, then in an edible mushroom they are pink, and turn brown with age. At first glance, it is simple, but in practice it is not so easy to objectively determine the color, especially in a young mushroom: experience, lighting, and color perception are important here. The rule is the same: if in doubt, it is better to refuse to collect small, separately growing champignons. Eating a pale toadstool can cost your life!

Green russula - pale grebe (greenish gray)

Death cap.

To distinguish the russula from the pale grebe, you need to pay attention to the leg. Firstly, in a toxic fungus, it noticeably thickens downwards and has a well-defined volva - a membranous wrapper in the lower part of the stem, which is formed as a result of a rupture of the protective sac from which the mushroom grew. In young toadstools, this bag may still be intact - then there will be a tuber at the base. Secondly, the pale grebe has a ring at the top of the leg, which you will not find in the green russula.

Chanterelle real - chanterelle false

Fox is false.

These mushrooms are similar only at first glance. There are several criteria. The double has a brighter color, the mushroom is bright orange or orange with a brown tint, and it is always lighter along the edge than in the center. True chanterelle color ranges from light yellow to yellow-orange, and the cap is evenly colored. The shape of the hat also matters. The false edges are even, neatly rounded, the real edges are wavy, almost always irregular shape. The plates of a real chanterelle are dense, thick, they go down the stem of the mushroom, becoming part of it. In the false one, they are thinner and more frequent, they also descend along the stem of the mushroom, but do not pass into it.

An error in this case is unlikely to result in death: false chanterelles- not an edible mushroom, but does not cause serious poisoning. Still, you should not lose your vigilance.

White mushroom - gall fungus (gorchak)

Bile mushroom.

In principle, it is not difficult to distinguish the double of the king of the mushroom kingdom from a real white mushroom. First, pay attention to the leg. The gall fungus has a pattern in the form of a dense brown mesh on it. Some types of mushrooms also have it, but thinner and always white. Secondly, the pulp of the gall fungus darkens when cut, becoming pinkish-brown. This does not happen with white fungus. Thirdly, pay attention to the tubular layer: in a young mustard it is white, in an adult fungus it is pinkish or dirty pink, in a mushroom it is white, yellowish or greenish.

The gall fungus is inedible, although not poisonous. The reason for inedibility is in strong bitterness, which cannot be removed even with prolonged cooking. Therefore, one of its names is “gorchak”.

Tales for adults

There are many popular “tests”! For example, supposedly worms and snails do not touch toxic mushrooms. Or - milk will curdle if you throw a poisonous mushroom into it. Another fiction: onions or garlic will turn brown when cooked, and silver will turn black if poison is wormed into the pan.

Leading Specialist of the Mycology Laboratory of the Institute of Experimental Botany named after V.F. Kuprevich of the National Academy of Sciences Olga Gapienko emphasizes: “Typical signs of poisonousness of mushrooms do not exist! Take even smell and taste. A classic example: the pale toadstool smells good and tastes sweet. Veselka smells bad, but it's not poisonous. So there are no methods, only the knowledge of mushrooms.”

Smartphone to the rescue

What apps are right for you

This program is, in fact, a handy automated reference. All mushrooms are divided into 6 categories: edible - well-known, little-known and conditionally edible, inedible - little-known and poisonous plus with unknown properties. For each mushroom - photo and detailed description. How can such a program help? For example, you found a mushroom - by all indications it seems to be white, but the color of the cap is unusual. Go to the application, and here there are 6 types of them. Choose the most suitable one from the photo and compare the information with what you see in front of you: do all the signs match? If nothing is in doubt, feel free to put the mushroom in a basket.

Ecoguide: mushrooms

The application consists of three parts: an encyclopedia atlas, a textbook and, most interestingly, a guide to mushrooms. Let's take a closer look at the last one. The program allows you to find out what kind of mushroom you are holding in your hands. To do this, you need to introduce a number of external morphological features- the shape of the fruiting body, the parameters of the cap, legs, and so on, a total of 22 points. One of the obvious advantages of the application is that you can work with it without an Internet connection. Minus, however, justified - the program is paid. It costs $3.99 on Google Market.

I'm going home

The application has nothing to do directly with the search for mushrooms, but it will help you get out of the forest if you are carried away by a quiet hunt and you don’t know how to go back. To do this, you need to open the program at home, turn on GPS and wait until the application receives the coordinates of your location. Save this data, after which you can close the program and even turn off the phone. When you decide to return home from the forest, open the application and click the "Let's go home" button. With the help of voice prompts, the program will take you to the desired point. But keep in mind: it does not see the terrain and forms the shortest route without taking into account obstacles. So this option is better to use as a spare - in case you fail to catch a connection and use online navigators.

A true porcini mushroom belonging to the genus Boletus is the dream of every connoisseur silent hunting. This mushroom has a local name in different areas, for example: capercaillie, harvester, spikelet, boletus. However, for such a coveted find, inexperienced lovers of quiet hunting often take false appearance white mushroom.

Differences of a real porcini mushroom

Boletus edulis, or white mushrooms, belong to the first category of edible mushrooms and have the following features:

• the fruiting body consists of a fairly massive cap and a strong stem;
• a pillow-shaped or rounded cap has a dry, velvety or smooth surface;
• the stem of the fungus has a characteristic thickening at the base or in the middle;
• the outer part is mesh or fibrous;
• mushroom pulp is white or yellowish in color.

On the territory of our country, several types of porcini fungus grow, which differ not only appearance and description, but also its nutritional, as well as taste value. To distinguish these species is quite simple - it is enough to determine the main, most characteristics. Most often in our forests there are white fungus pine, birch and summer.

Dangerous doubles

Dangerous to human life and health, the false porcini mushroom looks almost like a real boletus and is very similar to edible mushrooms. Poisonous and inedible counterparts of the porcini fungus are not numerous., but these insidious and fairly common false white mushrooms in our country can cause severe poisoning. Among the most common counterparts of the porcini fungus are bile and.

Photo gallery

False white mushroom: description (video)

Signs of poisoning

Inexperienced lovers of quiet hunting often make mistakes and collect unfit for food twins instead of white mushrooms, capable of causing poisoning, characterized by the following symptoms:

• nausea and vomiting;
• diarrhea;
• convulsive conditions;
• headache;
• general weakness.

Quite often, you can encounter hallucinations and sudden mood swings after eating mushrooms masquerading as white, which is due to the negative effect of the toxin they contain on the central and peripheral nervous system. or bitter bitter is used for food purposes quite rarely due to its unpleasant taste, therefore poisoning by this double of the porcini fungus is almost not observed.

First aid

It should be remembered that poisoning can be caused not only by mycotoxins contained in the pulp. A toxic effect on the body is also noted when edible mushrooms are used for food after long-term storage, as well as fruiting bodies affected by fungal flies.

Until qualified medical care necessary:

• put a person with poisoning to bed;
• perform a gastric lavage using a light pink solution of potassium permanganate;
• if it is impossible to carry out a gastric lavage, use a laxative and make a cleansing enema;
• save used dishes with mushrooms.

The victim of poisoning must be taken to the hospital as soon as possible. medical institution. Remember: abuse of mushrooms, even the first category, can harm the body, as they are indigestible foods that can certain circumstances cause symptoms similar to intoxication of the body.

Satanic mushroom: characteristics (video)

Which dangerous mushroom doppelgänger of white fungus?

1. We also have this handsome man has many names: mustard mushroom, bile, satanic ... It is almost the same as white, but it turns red when cut ... And bitter terribly. Not even the right word... He chews. When one day they were picking mushrooms, a friend tasted everything, licked it - and put it in the basket. Said it was the most the right way know if a mushroom is good. He got so drunk that he had to call an ambulance directly to the edge of the forest, and run him out of the forest.
2. there is a false white, but I can’t say how dangerous it is
3. eeeeee
4. We call it the Satanic mushroom ...
5. wrong
6. Mushroom-twin of the white fungus is a gall fungus
7. we also call it a satanic mushroom, I even met it several times in the forest. honey agaric has a double- false honey agaric, he does not have a skirt under his hat, and he is different in color.
8. Accordingly, a satanic mushroom, false mushrooms, pale grebe ...
9. The gall fungus, or false white mushroom, appears in August, inedible double white mushroom. Grows in pine and spruce forests predominantly on sandy soil. Distinguished from white fungus by the dirty-pink color of the tubular layer on the lower ...
10. but boredom
11. bilious
12. Dangerous twins of summer and autumn opnka are summer and autumn false opnok
13. The gall fungus is not without reason called "false white"; False opnok sulfur-yellow is faked as autumn honey agaric; Opnok summer can be confused with dangerous poisonous mushrooms from the genus Galerina (Galerina):

    Galerina single color (Galerina unicolor)
    Bordered Galerina (Galerina marginata)
    Galerinas differ in somewhat smaller sizes and not scaly, but fibrous surface of the lower part of the leg.
    Inedible or slightly poisonous false mushrooms of the genus Hypholoma (Hypholoma) do not have a ring on the leg.

    Yellow-skinned champignon, red champignon, yellowing champignon - it is clear whose double)))

14. p iaennla67ukshalnsh ev756c3uvitgirumkvsmirtg6imsvk irg6
15. When picking mushrooms in the forest, it is important to remember that among edible mushrooms there are also poisonous ones, which are not so many, but as they say, "a fly in the ointment spoils a barrel of honey." It is important to know that edible mushrooms in the forest have twins, very similar mushrooms, which are often inedible or even poisonous. There are such twins and the "king" of the forests - a real porcini mushroom. Even experienced mushroom pickers confuse these mushrooms, take them in baskets and then have to throw away all the roast, which becomes bitter, unsuitable for food. In our forests, such a double of the porcini fungus is the gall fungus. It is very similar to white fungus. But the drawing on its leg is dark in color, in the form of a mesh and the lower surface of the cap is pink. Its flesh at the break quickly turns red. An even greater danger is a meeting in the forests with another counterpart of the porcini mushroom - the "forest devil" or "satanic mushroom", as it has been called since ancient times. It looks like a white mushroom, but has a number of differences. Its stalk is much thicker than that of the white fungus, with a pinkish upper part and the lower part of the cap often blood red. On the cut, its flesh first turns red, and then turns blue (boletus is white). The mushroom is very poisonous. Sometimes there is a twin of mossiness mushrooms - a pepper mushroom that has a burning taste, like pepper. Its leg is thin, the cap is dark, reddish-brown below, the tubes are small, like those of edible mushrooms. This is what confuses the mushroom picker.
    Dangerous twins mushrooms can be poisonous sulfur-yellow honey agaric and moth. These fungi are the most common cause of human poisoning. Weed-yellow mushrooms appear at the end of August, more often in September, when there is a massive development of real mushrooms. Therefore, a mushroom picker in the forest must be extremely attentive, look closely at unfamiliar mushrooms, do not take mushrooms that have milky white or, conversely, reddish plates, the remains of a bract on the stem and a thickening at the base. Autumn mushrooms usually have a light ocher or honey-colored cap with obligatory scales, a white film connecting the edge of the cap with the stem, ocher-white plates and there is no bitter taste. Often there is also a brown-red honey agaric, which has a more convex hat with a brightly colored central part and with olive-brown plates. This mushroom has a very unpleasant taste and smell. The poison contained in false mushrooms causes damage to the gastrointestinal tract, accompanied by vomiting and diarrhea.

    Poisonous substances also contain our first spring mushrooms"snowdrops" - lines, as well as morels. For a long time it was believed that the main toxic element in them is gelvellic acid, which is easily destroyed by boiling. However, research, in the lines, unlike morels, found other toxic substances that resemble pale toadstool toxins in nature. One of them - gyrometrin has an effect on the liver, nervous system and disrupts metabolic processes in the body. It does not dissolve or break down hot water. Line poisoning can be fatal. Children are especially sensitive to the action of gelvellic acid and gyrometrin.

    We are highly valued in nutritionally lactic mushrooms: milk mushrooms, volnushki, mushrooms, blackies, whites, which in many countries Western Europe are considered poisonous. Indeed, in an unknowing mushroom picker, they can cause severe poisoning. These mushrooms should not be eaten fresh. They require pre-soaking for several days or boiling in boiling water. The milky juice of these mushrooms contains many substances that affect the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines and cause poisoning. In the same way, morels must be boiled before eating. The broth is then drained, and the mushrooms are fried.

    Poisoning can also happen from edible mushrooms. Often, poisonous substances accumulate in the overgrown fruiting bodies of whites, boletus, butter, aspen, volushki and other fungi.

16. death cap