23.10.2023
Robert Peel - biography, facts from life, photos. Entertaining England. Robert Peel and his guys In English
PIL, ROBERT(Peel, Robert) (1788–1850), British statesman of the 19th century, founder of the Conservative Party. Born on February 5, 1788 in Bury (Lancashire), he was the eldest son of Robert Peel, an entrepreneur who was successfully engaged in cotton production and received a baronetcy in 1800, under William Pitt the Younger. Graduated from Harrow and Christ Church College, Oxford University. In 1909 he was elected to parliament. Having gained his first experience in government work as an assistant minister, first in the War Ministry and then in the Colonial Ministry, in 1812 Peel was appointed to the post of Secretary of State for Irish Affairs.
Holding this position for six years, Piel showed extraordinary abilities as an administrator. In 1814, largely thanks to his efforts, it was possible to suppress the activity of the Catholic Council (the central committee of the organized Catholic movement in Ireland) and thereby stop the first organized political agitation in Ireland since the Anglo-Irish Union of 1801. To cope with the state of lawlessness characteristic of Irish society, Peel proposed a peace law in 1814, which initiated the creation of a national police force, later called the Royal Irish Police. His solution to the Irish famine of 1817 was one of the government's most significant successes. When Peel left Ireland in 1818, he had a reputation as one of the brightest young men in the government. In addition, he became an energetic supporter of the "Protestant" party in Parliament, who opposed the repeal of the old laws regarding Catholics. According to these laws, dating back to the 17th century, Catholics were prohibited from being members of parliament and holding high government positions. Having played a significant role in the defeat of the Catholic Emancipation Bill of 1817, Peel was elected Member of Parliament for Oxford University that same year.
Although Peel twice declined minor government positions, he still maintained an active pro-government position in the House of Commons. In 1819, he headed an important committee on monetary circulation and achieved a return to cash payments and the gold standard. After the reorganization of the government in 1822, Peel became Minister of the Interior and carried out a reform of criminal law. In 1823–1830, ancient statutes were systematized, the penitentiary system was improved, penalties for criminal offenses were commuted, and the judicial process was speeded up. Trying to cope with the increase in crime, Peel insisted on the need to improve the system for determining guilt. In 1829 he founded a municipal police force in London. In honor of Sir Robert, English policemen were dubbed "bobbies".
Alarmed by the growing influence of labor unions and unrest in industrial areas, Peel began to vigorously enforce factory legislation and sought to maintain a balance of power between employers and employees. He did not interfere in purely economic conflicts; Nevertheless, in the context of industrial strikes that began in 1826, Peel was able to restore order without the use of emergency measures.
When R.B. Liverpool resigned as prime minister in 1827, Peel resigned his position because he disagreed with J. Canning on the issue of Catholics. However, in 1828 he returned to the Wellington government, again becoming Minister of the Interior and at the same time leader of the House of Commons. After the formation of the Catholic Association in 1823, the strength of the movement for the abolition of laws against Catholics increased markedly. Reluctantly yielding to pressure from the Prime Minister, Peel passed the Catholic Emancipation Bill in 1829, according to which Catholics received almost equal political rights with Protestants. As a result, he lost his seat in parliament, and the government, which had lost many supporters, was defeated in the elections and resigned in November 1830.
Although Peel was nominated in another constituency, a split in the party left him isolated; He periodically opposed the parliamentary reform bill proposed by the new Whig government in 1831, but in 1832 he refused to join the Wellington government to pursue an alternative reform project. Thanks to his moderate position on the Whig Reform Bill, he was able to restore much of his reputation. William IV's unexpected decision to resign the Whig government in 1834 presented Peel with the almost impossible task of forming a new government. Nevertheless, the first hundred days of his premiership (November 1834–April 1835) were marked by his public statement of new principles of conservatism, known as the Tamueta Manifesto, and Peel became the recognized leader of the party. Despite Peel's failure to win the 1835 election, the small Conservative Party increased its representation in the House of Commons by adding 100 new members. In 1835–1841, the Conservative Party led by Peel constantly increased its influence, which was facilitated by well-organized elections. A conflict with Queen Victoria over the demand for the replacement of some Whig court ladies did not give Peel the opportunity to take the post of Prime Minister in 1839. However, in the elections of 1841 he defeated the Whigs in a direct vote on the issue of confidence in the government, and soon the Conservative Party achieved a majority of 70 votes in the House of Commons.
Peel's last government (September 1841 - June 1846) was one of the most brilliant in the 19th century, it included six former and future prime ministers, four future governors of India. Some of these able young ministers, such as Gladstone, Sidney Herbert and Edward Cardwell, went on to form the core of a group of prominent mid-19th-century politicians called the Peelites. Peel's main domestic policy goals were to reduce the cost of living for the poorest and to encourage industrial development through stabilization of the financial system and a general reduction in tariffs. In his first famous budget of 1842, he reintroduced the income tax that had existed during the era of the Napoleonic wars, reduced tariffs on the import of many types of goods and raw materials, and abolished duties on the export of industrial goods. The Banking Act of 1844 completed the creation of the British banking and monetary system of the 19th century, and a significant increase in budget revenues made possible further significant reductions in taxes and tariffs in the second free trade budget of 1845. The prosperity of the country was brought to naught by the Chartist movement, which acquired a particularly militant character in 1839– 1842. Even industrialists in the north of the country, united in the Anti-Corn Law League and using Chartist agitation for their own purposes in 1842, turned to more constitutional methods of propaganda.
In the field of foreign policy, especially in relations with France and the United States, Peel's government pursued a firm but conciliatory policy. The Webster–Ashburton Treaty of 1842 finally resolved the controversial border issue between Maine and the province of New Brunswick in Canada. The Oregon Treaty of 1846 ended another border dispute between the United States and Great Britain. The disunion movement in Ireland, which had become alarmingly influential after 1842, was stopped by a crackdown in 1843. On the other hand, a commission was created under Lord Devon to study and reform the Irish agrarian system; in 1845 acts were passed establishing Irish universities for Catholics and dissenters.
Famine in Ireland caused by the failure of the potato crop in 1845 and poor harvests throughout England forced Peel to decide to abolish tariffs on foreign grain imports. The final decision to repeal the Corn Laws was made in June 1846. A split occurred again in the Conservative Party, and after a series of debates, during which B. Disraeli made a name for himself with brilliant denunciations of the Prime Minister, the majority of party members, led by J. Bentinck, separated from the group headed by Pil. Peel resigned and subsequently refrained from participating in purely party opposition struggles. He provided advice and assistance to the Whig government under the leadership of J. Russell, which continued Peel's free trade policy. Peel died in London on July 2, 1850.
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This article is posted on the website as a continuation of the topic of crime raised in the article “ ».
-Are you armed, Lestrade?
“Since I’m wearing trousers, that means they have a back pocket, and since there’s a back pocket, that means it’s not empty.”
It is unlikely that I will exaggerate if I say that the acquaintance of most Russians (who are now over 30) with the British police began with Igor Maslennikov’s excellent film adaptation of the adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson.
“Thank God, Inspector Lestrade is on the case.” The newspapers write that he is the best inspector at Scotland Yard.
“Inspector Lestrade is a smug ass, Mrs. Hudson.”
- That's what The Times says.
Still from the film "The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson."
It is thanks to this film that the words “Times”, cab, constable*, Scotland Yard are familiar to us from childhood…. But what exactly was English detective work in the 19th century?
To begin with, centralized police appeared in England, or rather in London, quite late. In the good old days, maintaining order and preventing atrocities lay primarily on the shoulders of residents, who took turns keeping watch, so to speak, and going out on night shifts. By the 18th century, most cities already had paid constables and simply enthusiasts who, for a fee, were engaged in capturing adversaries. However, in order to receive the announced payment, such figures often resorted to various tricks, for example, conspiring with criminals. So it was all haphazard, parochial and rather ineffective. And in case of serious troubles it was necessary to involve the army altogether.
A satirical depiction of a constable. Paul Sandby, 1777
As a result, by the beginning of the 19th century, when the population of London reached one million people, the city could no longer do without a centralized system of law enforcement. Therefore, Robert Peel, then Minister of the Interior, became concerned with the creation of the Metropolitan Police, which happened in 1829. On this occasion the city was divided into 17 districts. For each there was one senior officer, four inspectors and sixteen sergeants. The sergeant led a team of nine constables, eight of whom usually patrolled their assigned areas, and the ninth was in control... just in case.
Robert Peel. Portrait by George Patten (1801–1865). The National Trust for Scotland collection.
The headquarters of the new department was located at 4 Whitehall Place. But if you left the building from the back door, you found yourself on Great Scotland Yard. This name stuck with the police forever.
By the way, on behalf of the creator of the Metropolitan Police came the first nicknames of law enforcement officers - Peelers and Bobbies, and the latter is used to this day. Subsequently, English police officers had many different nicknames (including quite offensive ones). Here are some of them: copper, cop, slop (akin to garbage), rozzer, crusher…
Not everyone was accepted into the ranks of the guardians of the deanery. According to the recommendations, the “recruit” had to meet the following criteria: age – no more than thirty-five years old, height – at least 5 feet 7 inches (about 170 cm), physical strength – highly desirable, basic literacy (ability to read and write) – required , the reputation is not tarnished.
This is what the first law enforcement officers looked like.
The constables' salaries were low, but they had the opportunity to earn money on a completely legal basis. For example, they were often hired to keep order in theaters or were asked to wake them up in the morning by knocking on the door (not everyone had alarm clocks, but please come to work on time).
However, ordinary bobbies were mainly engaged in patrolling the streets, so there were large gaps in the investigative work. In connection with this, the Police Detective Department was created in 1842. More serious people were already accepted here: their preparation was better, their intellectual abilities were higher. Well, they received more money accordingly. Syskari wore civilian clothes and caught large fish in troubled waters.
– You see, a funny incident happened. It happened at night in Hempstead. It’s funny, because, well, it’s like one crime is layered on top of another... This is wonderful, this is a dramatic murder with all the details!
Bronislav Brondukov as Inspector Lestrade
.
In general, the English of the time of Queen Victoria (1837 - 1901) had some kind of craving for all kinds of macabre riddles. This was partly due to the opportunity to watch public executions (this form of entertainment was only abolished in 1868). Also, interest in this kind of thing was fueled by the actively developing press: any high-profile or not so high-profile case immediately received wide publicity. Journalists almost with sinful voluptuousness savored the details of each brutal murder, describing in detail the nature of the wounds inflicted on the unfortunate victim, making numerous guesses about the identity of the criminal, his mental state and further intentions, thereby leading the public into a state of ecstatic horror: people on the one hand were fascinated by these stories (there were no horror films then, and sometimes you must have really wanted to tickle your nerves), but on the other hand, they were afraid to go out in the evening and shied away from every rustle, because the killer was still at large...
Front page of The Illustrated Police News newspaper 1870
| 31st Prime Minister of Great Britain | ||
|---|---|---|
| August 30 - June 29 | ||
Bury, UK
Westminster, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
Alarmed by the growing influence of labor unions and unrest in industrial areas, Peel began to vigorously enforce factory legislation and sought to maintain a balance of power between employers and employees. He did not interfere in purely economic conflicts; nevertheless, in the context of industrial strikes that began in 1826, Peel was able to restore order without the use of emergency measures.
Family [ | ]
Wife (from 06/08/1820) - Julia Floyd(1795-1859), daughter of General Sir John Floyd, 1st Baronet of Clanfield. Born in India, from 1800 she lived with her parents in England. After the death of her sister and mother from scarlet fever in 1802, she was brought up in her aunt's house in Kent. Her wedding to Robert Peel took place in Hampshire and the marriage was successful. Throughout their life together, she was her husband's friend and confidante. Their London home in Whitehall Gardens was filled with a magnificent collection of paintings. The couple were friends and patrons of the artist Thomas Lawrence, who painted two portraits of Lady Peel. One is from 1824, and the other, with a hat (close to Rubens’s “Straw Hat”) painted in 1827, is considered the artist’s best work. She died of heart failure at her home in London on October 28, 1859. She was buried in the Drayton-Bassett estate next to her husband. The marriage had five sons and two daughters. Some of their direct descendants now live in South Africa, Australia, and various parts of the United States and Canada.
Notes [ | ]
Literature [ | ]
In English[ | ]
Links [ | ]
| in the House of Commons |
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| V | ||
Born on February 5, 1788 in Bury (Lancashire), Father - Robert Peel Sr., a cotton entrepreneur, baronet. He graduated from Harrow School and Christ Church College, Oxford University. In 1809 he was elected to parliament. In 1812, Peel was appointed Secretary of State for Irish Affairs.
In 1814, largely due to his efforts, it was possible to suppress the activity of the Catholic Council (the central committee of the organized Catholic movement in Ireland) and stop the first organized political agitation in Ireland since the Anglo-Irish Union of 1801.
In 1814 Peel proposed the Peace Act, which initiated the creation of the Royal Irish Constabulary. His solution to the Irish famine of 1817 was one of the government's most significant successes. That same year, Peel was elected Member of Parliament for Oxford University.
In 1819, Peel headed the monetary committee and achieved a return to cash payments and the gold standard. In 1822, Peel became Minister of the Interior and carried out a reform of criminal legislation. In the years 1823-1830, ancient statutes were systematized, the penitentiary system was improved, penalties for criminal offenses were commuted, and the judicial process was speeded up.
In 1829 he founded a municipal police force in London. In honor of Peel (from his name Robert - a diminutive of Bobby), English police officers were dubbed "bobbies". Before the police reform, undertaken by Peel on the basis of the Metropolitan Police Act (Metropolitan Police Act, 1829), private police (en: Thief-taker) were extended, one of the tasks of which was to generate business profit. Piel saw this as the reason for the corruption of the former institution of public order. Peel's reforms created the prototype of the modern police, whose activities were based on crime prevention and regular patrols.
Alarmed by the growing influence of labor unions and unrest in industrial areas, Peel began to vigorously enforce factory legislation and sought to maintain a balance of power between employers and employees. He did not interfere in purely economic conflicts; nevertheless, in the context of industrial strikes that began in 1826, Peel was able to restore order without the use of emergency measures.
When R. B. Liverpool resigned as Prime Minister in 1827, Peel resigned his position because he differed with J. Canning on the issue of Catholics. However, in 1828 he returned to the Wellington government, again becoming Home Secretary and at the same time leader of the House of Commons. After the formation of the Catholic Association in 1823, the strength of the movement to repeal the Catholic laws increased markedly. Reluctantly yielding to pressure from the Prime Minister, Peel passed the Catholic Emancipation Bill in 1829, which gave Catholics virtually equal political rights to Protestants. As a result, he lost his seat in parliament, and the government, which had lost many supporters, was defeated in the elections and resigned in November 1830.
Although Peel was nominated in another constituency, a split in the party left him isolated; he periodically opposed the Parliamentary Reform Bill proposed by the new Whig government in 1831, but in 1832 he refused to join the Wellington government to pursue an alternative reform project. Thanks to his moderate position on the Whig Reform Bill, he was able to restore much of his reputation. King William IV's surprise decision to resign the Whig government in 1834 presented Peel with the almost impossible task of forming a new government. Nevertheless, the first hundred days of his premiership (November 1834 – April 1835) were marked by his public statement of new principles of conservatism, known as the Tamworth Manifesto, and Peel became the recognized leader of the party. Despite Peel's failure to win the 1835 election, the small Conservative Party increased its representation in the House of Commons by adding 100 new members.
In the years 1835-1841, the Conservative Party led by Peel constantly increased its influence, which was facilitated by well-organized elections. Conflict with Queen Victoria over demands for the replacement of some Whig ladies of the court prevented Peel from taking the post of Prime Minister in 1839. However, in the election of 1841 he defeated the Whigs in a direct vote of confidence in the government, and the Conservative Party soon achieved a majority of 70 votes in the House of Commons.
Peel's last government (September 1841 - June 1846) was one of the most brilliant in the 19th century, it included six former and future prime ministers, four future governors of India. Some of these able young ministers, such as Gladstone, Sidney Herbert and Edward Cardwell, went on to form the core of a group of prominent mid-19th-century politicians called the Peelites. Peel's main domestic policy goals were to reduce the cost of living for the poorest and to encourage industrial development through stabilization of the financial system and a general reduction in tariffs. In his first budget in 1842, he reintroduced the income tax that had existed since the Napoleonic Wars, reduced tariffs on the import of many types of goods and raw materials, and abolished duties on the export of industrial goods. The Banking Act of 1844 completed the British banking and monetary system of the 19th century, and a significant increase in budget revenues made possible further significant reductions in taxes and tariffs in the second free trade budget of 1845. The prosperity of the country was brought to naught by the Chartist movement, which acquired a particularly militant character in 1839-1842.
In the field of foreign policy, especially in relations with France and the United States, Peel's government pursued a firm but conciliatory policy. The Webster-Ashburton Treaty of 1842 resolved the disputed border issue between the state of Maine and the province of New Brunswick in Canada. The Oregon Lands Treaty of 1846 ended another border dispute between the United States and Great Britain. The anti-union movement in Ireland, which had become dangerously influential after 1842, was stopped by a crackdown in 1843. A commission was created under the leadership of Lord Devon to reform the Irish agricultural system; in 1845 acts were passed establishing Irish universities for Catholics and Dissenters.
Famine in Ireland caused by the failure of the potato crop in 1845 and poor harvests throughout England forced Peel to decide to abolish tariffs on foreign grain imports. The final decision to repeal the Corn Laws was made in June 1846. The Conservative Party was again divided, and after a series of debates, during which B. Disraeli made a name for himself with brilliant denunciations of the Prime Minister, the majority of the party members, led by William George Cavendish-Bentinck, separated from the group led by Peel. Peel resigned and subsequently refrained from participating in purely party opposition struggles. Peel provided advice and assistance to the Whig government under the leadership of J. Russell, which continued Peel's free trade policy.
Robert Peel died in London on July 2, 1850, as a result of an accident: he fell from his horse while riding in Green Park.
PIL, ROBERT
(Peel, Robert) (1788-1850), British statesman of the 19th century, founder of the Conservative Party. Born on February 5, 1788 in Bury (Lancashire), he was the eldest son of Robert Peel, an entrepreneur who was successfully engaged in cotton production and received a baronetcy in 1800, under William Pitt the Younger. Graduated from Harrow and Christ Church College, Oxford University. In 1909 he was elected to parliament. Having gained his first experience in government work as an assistant minister, first in the War Ministry and then in the Colonial Ministry, in 1812 Peel was appointed to the post of Secretary of State for Irish Affairs.
Holding this position for six years, Piel showed extraordinary abilities as an administrator. In 1814, largely thanks to his efforts, it was possible to suppress the activity of the Catholic Council (the central committee of the organized Catholic movement in Ireland) and thereby stop the first organized political agitation in Ireland since the Anglo-Irish Union of 1801. To cope with the state of lawlessness characteristic of Irish society, Peel proposed a peace law in 1814, which initiated the creation of a national police force, later called the Royal Irish Police. His solution to the Irish famine of 1817 was one of the government's most significant successes. When Peel left Ireland in 1818, he had a reputation as one of the brightest young men in the government. In addition, he became an energetic supporter of the Protestant party in Parliament, who opposed the repeal of the old laws regarding Catholics. According to these laws, dating back to the 17th century, Catholics were prohibited from being members of parliament and holding high government positions. Having played a significant role in the defeat of the Catholic Emancipation Bill of 1817, Peel was elected Member of Parliament for Oxford University that same year.
Although Peel twice declined minor government positions, he still maintained an active pro-government position in the House of Commons. In 1819, he headed an important committee on monetary circulation and achieved a return to cash payments and the gold standard. After the reorganization of the government in 1822, Peel became Minister of the Interior and carried out a reform of criminal law. In 1823-1830, ancient statutes were systematized, the penitentiary system was improved, penalties for criminal offenses were commuted, and the legal process was speeded up. Trying to cope with the increase in crime, Peel insisted on the need to improve the system for determining guilt. In 1829 he founded a municipal police force in London. In honor of Sir Robert, English policemen were dubbed "bobbies".
Alarmed by the growing influence of labor unions and unrest in industrial areas, Peel began to vigorously enforce factory legislation and sought to maintain a balance of power between employers and employees. He did not interfere in purely economic conflicts; Nevertheless, in the context of industrial strikes that began in 1826, Peel was able to restore order without the use of emergency measures.
When R.B. Liverpool resigned as prime minister in 1827, Peel resigned his position because he disagreed with J. Canning on the issue of Catholics. However, in 1828 he returned to the Wellington government, again becoming Minister of the Interior and at the same time leader of the House of Commons. After the formation of the Catholic Association in 1823, the strength of the movement for the abolition of laws against Catholics increased markedly. Reluctantly yielding to pressure from the Prime Minister, Peel passed the Catholic Emancipation Bill in 1829, according to which Catholics received almost equal political rights with Protestants. As a result, he lost his seat in parliament, and the government, which had lost many supporters, was defeated in the elections and resigned in November 1830.
Although Peel was nominated in another constituency, a split in the party left him isolated; He periodically opposed the parliamentary reform bill proposed by the new Whig government in 1831, but in 1832 he refused to join the Wellington government to pursue an alternative reform project. Thanks to his moderate position on the Whig Reform Bill, he was able to restore much of his reputation. William IV's unexpected decision to resign the Whig government in 1834 presented Peel with the almost impossible task of forming a new government. Nevertheless, the first hundred days of his premiership (November 1834 – April 1835) were marked by his public statement of new principles of conservatism, known as the Tamueta Manifesto, and Peel became the recognized leader of the party. Despite Peel's failure to win the 1835 election, the small Conservative Party increased its representation in the House of Commons by adding 100 new members. In 1835-1841, the Conservative Party led by Peel constantly increased its influence, which was facilitated by well-organized elections. A conflict with Queen Victoria over the demand for the replacement of some Whig court ladies did not give Peel the opportunity to take the post of Prime Minister in 1839. However, in the elections of 1841 he defeated the Whigs in a direct vote on the issue of confidence in the government, and soon the Conservative Party achieved a majority of 70 votes in the House of Commons.
Peel's last government (September 1841 - June 1846) was one of the most brilliant in the 19th century, it included six former and future prime ministers, four future governors of India. Some of these able young ministers, such as Gladstone, Sidney Herbert and Edward Cardwell, went on to form the core of a group of prominent mid-19th-century politicians called the Peelites. Peel's main domestic policy goals were to reduce the cost of living for the poorest and to encourage industrial development through stabilization of the financial system and a general reduction in tariffs. In his first famous budget of 1842, he reintroduced the income tax that had existed during the era of the Napoleonic wars, reduced tariffs on the import of many types of goods and raw materials, and abolished duties on the export of industrial goods. The Banking Act of 1844 completed the creation of the British banking and monetary system of the 19th century, and a significant increase in budget revenues made possible further significant reductions in taxes and tariffs in the second free trade budget of 1845. The prosperity of the country was brought to naught by the Chartist movement, which acquired a particularly militant character in 1839- 1842. Even industrialists in the north of the country, united in the Anti-Corn Law League and using Chartist agitation for their own purposes in 1842, turned to more constitutional methods of propaganda.
In the field of foreign policy, especially in relations with France and the United States, Peel's government pursued a firm but conciliatory policy. The Webster-Ashburton Treaty of 1842 finally resolved the controversial border issue between Maine and the province of New Brunswick in Canada. The Oregon Treaty of 1846 ended another border dispute between the United States and Great Britain. The disunion movement in Ireland, which had become alarmingly influential after 1842, was stopped by a crackdown in 1843. On the other hand, a commission was created under Lord Devon to study and reform the Irish agrarian system; in 1845 acts were passed establishing Irish universities for Catholics and dissenters.
Famine in Ireland caused by the failure of the potato crop in 1845 and poor harvests throughout England forced Peel to decide to abolish tariffs on foreign grain imports. The final decision to repeal the Corn Laws was made in June 1846. A split occurred again in the Conservative Party, and after a series of debates, during which B. Disraeli made a name for himself with brilliant denunciations of the Prime Minister, the majority of party members, led by J. Bentinck, separated from the group headed by Pil. Peel resigned and subsequently refrained from participating in purely party opposition struggles. He provided advice and assistance to the Whig government under the leadership of J. Russell, which continued Peel's free trade policy. Peel died in London on July 2, 1850.
Collier. Collier's Dictionary. 2012
See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what PIL, ROBERT is in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:
- PIL ROBERT in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
(Peel) Robert (5.2.1788, Bury, Lancashire, - 2.7.1850, London), British statesman. In 1809 he was elected to parliament from the Tory party... - PIL ROBERT
Sir Rob's son. Peel, English politician (1822–95); held various diplomatic positions; in 1850, after the death of his father, he was elected to ... - PIL ROBERT
? Sir Rob's son. Peel, English politician (1822?95); held various diplomatic positions; in 1850, after the death of his father, he was elected... - ROBERT
Neapolitan king from the Angevin dynasty, who reigned from 1309 to 1343. Son of Charles II and Mary of Hungary. J.: 1) with... - ROBERT in biographies of Monarchs:
Neapolitan king from the Angevin dynasty, who reigned from 1309 to 1343. Son of Charles II and Mary of Hungary. J.: 1) with... - PIL in the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary:
(Peel) Robert (1788-1850) Prime Minister of Great Britain in 1834-35 and 1841-46. Leader of the Peelites. In 1822-27 and 1828-30, Minister of the Interior. In 1846... - PIL in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
(addition to the articles Peel, Sir Robert, Peel Arthur) (Peel): 1) Sir Robert is a British politician. activist See Parker, "Sir... - ROBERT
ROBERT GROSSETESTE (Big Head, Robert Grosseteste) (c. 1175-1253), English. scholastic philosopher and naturalist, bishop. He put forward the doctrine of light, seeing in it... - ROBERT in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ROBERT GUISCARD (Robert Guiscard) (c. 1015-85), one of the leaders of the Normans, who took possession of South by 1072. Italy and... - PIL in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
(Reel) Robert (1788-1850), Prime Minister of Great Britain in 1834-35 and 1841-46. Leader of the Peelites. At 1822-27 and 1828-30 min. internal business IN … - ROBERT in Collier's Dictionary:
(Robert), the name of two kings of France and three kings of Scotland. France. Robert I (c. 865-923), youngest son of Robert the Strong, Count of Neustria, ... - ROBERT in the Dictionary for solving and composing scanwords:
Male... - ROBERT in the dictionary of Synonyms of the Russian language.
- PIL in the Russian Synonyms dictionary:
shout... - PIL in the New Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language by Efremova:
- PIL in Lopatin’s Dictionary of the Russian Language:
pil, unism. ... - ROBERT
Robert, (Robertovich, ... - PIL in the Complete Spelling Dictionary of the Russian Language:
pil, unism. ... - PIL in the Spelling Dictionary:
pil, unism. ... - PIL in Dahl's Dictionary:
led , uncl. , French , hunting forward! take it! shouting at a dog that did... - PIL in the Modern Explanatory Dictionary, TSB:
(Peele) George (1558-97), English playwright. Works on ancient and biblical subjects: the pastoral “The Accusation of Paris” (1584), the tragedy “David and Bathsheba” ... - PIL in Ushakov’s Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language:
intl. (French pile, lit. grab!, rob!) (hunt.). Ordering the dog to rush at... - PIL in Ephraim's Explanatory Dictionary:
1. predicative The command for a dog to rush at the game as an action. 2. intl. decomposition Usage like commanding a dog to rush at... - PIL in the New Dictionary of the Russian Language by Efremova:
- PIL in the Large Modern Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language:
I predic. Commanding a dog to rush at game is an action. II int. decomposition Used as a command for a dog to rush at... - ROBERT BROWNING in Wiki Quotebook:
Data: 2009-01-02 Time: 00:05:09 Navigation Topic = Robert Browning Wikipedia = Browning, Robert Wikisource = Robert Browning Wikimedia Commons = Robert ... - ROBERT II in the Directory of Characters and Cult Objects of Greek Mythology:
King of France from the Capetian family, who reigned in 996-1031. Son of Hugo Capet and Adelaide of Guyenne. J.: 1) since 988 ... - ROBERT I in the Directory of Characters and Cult Objects of Greek Mythology:
King of France from the Capetian family, who reigned in 922-923. Died on June 15, 923. At the beginning of the 10th century, Robert was ... - ROBERT II in biographies of Monarchs:
King of France from the Capetian family, who reigned from 996 to 1031. Son of Hugo Capet and Adelaide of Guyenne. J.: 1) since 988 ... - ROBERT I in biographies of Monarchs:
King of France from the Capetian family, who reigned in 922-923. Died on June 15, 923. At the beginning of the 10th century, Robert ... - VARAN, FRANCOISE LOUISE ELEONORE DE LA TOUR DU PIL DE in Dates of birth and death of famous people:
(1699-1764) - friend and patron of Jean Jacques... - PIL, SIR ROBERT in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
(Peel) - famous statesman of England (1788-1850); came from the big bourgeoisie. His father, a wealthy manufacturer, has been a baronet since 1800, sir... - PIL, SIR ROBERT in the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedia:
(Peel) ? famous statesman of England (1788?1850); came from the big bourgeoisie. His father, a wealthy manufacturer, has been a baronet since 1800, sir... - GREAT BRITAIN* in the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedia:
Contents: A. Geographical outline: Position and borders; Surface design; Irrigation; Climate and natural works; Space and population; Emigration; Rural... - ROBERT I in Collier's Dictionary:
(Robert I, Robert the Bruce) (1274-1329), King of Scotland (the traditional name for Scottish kings is the King of Scots), better known as Robert the Bruce... - BURNS, ROBERT in Collier's Dictionary:
(Burns, Robert) (1759-1796), Scottish poet. Born on January 25, 1759 in Alloway (County Ayr) in the family of gardener and tenant farmer William Burns. ... - KOMNINUS in the Directory of Characters and Cult Objects of Greek Mythology:
ALEXIUS I KOMNINUS - Byzantine emperor in 1081 - 1118. Genus. OK. 1057 Died 15 Aug. 1118 Alexey ... - HENRY I in the Directory of Characters and Cult Objects of Greek Mythology:
King of France from the Capetian family, who reigned from 1031 to 1061. Son of Robert II and Constance of Provence. J.: since 1051... - WILLIAM I THE CONQUEROR in the Directory of Characters and Cult Objects of Greek Mythology:
- HENRY I in biographies of Monarchs:
King of England from the Norman dynasty, who reigned from 1100 to 1135. Son of William I the Conqueror and Matilda. J.: 1) since 1100 ... - WILLIAM I THE CONQUEROR in biographies of Monarchs:
King of England, reigned 1066-1087. Founder of the Norman dynasty J.: 1056 Matilda, daughter of Count Baldwin of Flanders (Died... - ALEXEY I KOMNINUS in biographies of Monarchs:
Byzantine emperor in 1081 - 1118. Genus. OK. 1057 Died 15 Aug. 1118 Alexey came from a rich...
